DUNMORE'S  WAR 


LORD   DUNMORE 

Reduced  from  old  engraving  in  Wisconsin  Historical  Society's  Library 


DOCUMENTARY  HISTORY 

OP 

DUNMORE'S    WAR 

J774 


Compiled  from  the  Draper  Manuscripts  in  the 
Library  of  the  Wisconsin  Historical  Society 
and  published  at  the  charge  of  the  Wisconsin 
Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution 


EDITED  BY 

REUBEN     GOLD     THWAITES,     LL.D. 

Secretary  of  the  Society 

AND 

LOUISE     PHELPS     KELLOGG,     PH.D. 

Editorial  Assistant  on  the  Society's  Staff 


MADISON 
WISCONSIN  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 

1905 


Copyright,  1905 
By  THE  STATE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WISCONSIN 


Published  May,  1905 
ONE  THOUSAND  COPIES 


MADISON,  WIS. 
DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Wisconsin  Historical  Society,  held  on  October  15, 
1903,  Vice  President  (now  President)  William  Ward 
Wight  made  the  following  announcement: 

The  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  Wisconsin  Society, 
offers  to  publish  for  the  State  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin 
such  MSS.  belonging  to  the  latter  society  as  would  be  appro 
priate  for  the  former  society  to  assist  in  circulating;  it  being 
understood  that  the  Historical  Society  should  edit  the  pub 
lication,  and  that  the  expense  to  the  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution  should  not  exceed  $500. 

Whereupon  the  Committee  unanimously  adopted 
the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  requested  to  convey  to  the 
Wisconsin  Society,  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  the 
Wisconsin  Historical  Society's  grateful  appreciation  and  ac 
ceptance  of  the  generous  offer  made  through  Mr.  William 
Ward  Wight,  to  supply  the  funds  for  the  publication  of  a 
book  under  the  direction  of  this  Society, 

After  due  consideration,  it  was  agreed  between  the 
representatives  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu 
tion  and  the  Wisconsin  Historical  Society,  that  the 
projected  volume  should  be  devoted  to  a  selection  of 
papers  appertaining  to  Dunmore's  War  (1774),  from 
the  Draper  Manuscript  Collection,  now  the  property 
of  the  Society.  A  combination  of  circumstances  pre 
vented  an  earlier  appearance  of  the  book ;  but  the  de- 
lav  has  in  some  measure  contributed1  to  its  betterment. 


vi  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

The  members  of  the  Society,  and  students  of  West 
ern  history  in  general,  certainly  owe  a  debt  of  grati 
tude  to  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  for 
financing  this  publication  of  documents  bearing  upon 
that  stirring  and  picturesque  trans- Alleghany  cam 
paign — a  colonial  war  which  was  participated  in  by  a 
body  of  typical  American  borderers,  who  a  year  later 
were  utilizing  their  military  experience  in  the  fateful 
struggle  with  the  mother  land. 

The  volume  is  also  significant,  in  that  it  is  the  first 
considerable  publication  directly  from  the  Draper 
Manuscript  Collection,  and  exhibits  the  character  and 
scope  of  that  remarkable  store  of  material  for  the  orig 
inal  study  of  the  beginnings  of  the  Middle  West. 

R.  G.  T. 


CONTENTS 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT.    R.  G.  T.         .        .        .        .        .        v 

INTRODUCTION.     The  Editors.          .        .        .        .        .       ix 

%        CLASSIFICATION  OF  DOCUMENTS 

Western  Surveys,   Indian  Depredations,  and  Defense  of  the 

Frontier,   1-9,   19-32,  52-61,  63-67,  69-78,  88-91,   138-142, 

151,  161-163,  192-195,  202-205,  208-212,  216-222,  224-235, 

238-252,  278,  279 
Yellow  Creek  Massacre,  9-19 

The  Borderers  "Porting",  33-67,  78-80,  94~97,  99-101,  103-106 
Preparations   for  the  Ohio   Expedition,  68,  8o~88,   91-93,   97, 

98,   101-103,  106-110,  136-138,  142-150,  163-176,   179,  180, 

109-202 

Hanson's  Journal,  April  7~August  9,  110-133 
Sinking  Creek  Massacre,  134-136 
McDonald's  Expedition,  151-156 

Lewis's  Column,  on  march  to1  Camp  Union,  156-161,  176-179 
At  Camp  Union,  181-192,  195-109,  205-208,  222-224,  260,  261 
Lewis's  Column,  Camp  Union  to  Point  Pleasant,  212-215 
Point  Pleasant,  before  the  Battle,  236-238 
Fleming's  Account  of  the  Battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  253-257 
Christian's  Account,  261-266 
Floyd's  Account,  266-269 
Shelby's  Account,  269-277 
Preston's  Account,  291-295 
Other  Reports  of  the  Battle,  257-259,  279-281 
Fleming's  Journal,  August  27~September  29,  281-291 
Close  of  the  Campaign,  297-312,  395,  396 

Fleming's  Orderly  Book,  September  4~November  22,  313-360 
Ne well's  Journal,  October  i7~October  27,  361-367 
Dunmore's  Official  Report,  368-395 
Muster  Rolls  of  Companies    defending   the   Frontier,    85,   94, 

229,  234,  396-404 

Muster  Rolls  of  the  Expedition,  106,  200,  405-412 
Returns  of  the  Troops,   189,  280,  288,  289,  296,  297,  301,  315, 

317,  330-332,  344,  355,  363,  366,  367,  413-420 
List  of  other  Participants,  421-425 
Biographies  of  Field  Officers,  425-433 
Contemporary  Verse,  361,  362,  433~439 

INDEX  .  j,n 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

Page 
PORTRAIT  OF  LORD  DUN  MORE.    From  old  engraving  in 

the  Society's  Library  Frontispiece 

HEADWATERS  OF  THE  CLINCH  AND  THE  HOLSTON.     Map 

by  Daniel  Smith,  in  the  Draper  MSS.     .  .        30 

COMMISSION  OF  CAPT.   GEORGE  ROGERS   CLARK,  MAY  2, 

1774.     From  original  in  Draper  MSS.     .         *        .       156 

SITE  OF  THE  BATTLE  OF  POINT  -PLEASANT.    Map  in  the 

Draper    MSS.  .         .         .         .         .         .         .      254 

"THE   FORM  OF  THE  MARCH."    Map  by  Col.   William 

Fleming,  from  the  Draper  MSS.  (text  cut)     .         .      283 

MAP  OF  THE  VILLAGE  OF  POINT  PLEASANT,  AS  SURVEYED 

IN  JUNE,  1819.    From  original  in  Draper  MSS.      .      290 


INTRODUCTION 


Most  histories  of  trans-Alleghany  pioneering  ascribe 
the  origin  of  the  Dunmore  War  of  1774  to  an  isolated 
set  of  occurrences  upon  the  upper  Ohio,  happening  in 
the  spring  of  that  year.  But  its  roots  went  far  deeper 
than  this.  It  was  the  culmination  of  a  long  series  of 
mutual  grievances  and  outrages  between  the  frontiers 
men  of  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  and  the  savages  of 
the  Ohio  Valley.  The  crushing  of  New  France  by 
Great  Britain  brought  but  partial  rest  to  the  English 
borderers.  The  pioneers  of  the  British  colonies 
relentlessly  pushed  westward;  aboriginal  hunting 
grounds  were  converted  first  into  their  own  game 
walks  and  then  into  farms,  and  in  the  process  the 
tribesmen  were  often  harshly  treated.  Savage  resent 
ment  and  reprisal  were  to  be  expected — blazing  into 
the  swift  flame  of  Pontiac's  conspiracy  (1763),  and 
only  half  smothered  by  the  severity  of  Bouquet's  re 
taliatory  expedition.  The  frontier  was  the  line  of  con 
tact  for  two  irreconcilable  races ;  real  peace  could  not 
be  had,  until  one  or  the  other  was  vanquished  beyond 
question. 

The  policy  of  the  English  government  had  been  to 
limit  settlement  by  the  Alleghanies  j1  but  pressure  was 


1See  Proclamation  of  King  George,  Oct.  7,  1763,  in  Wis. 
Hist.  Colls.,  xi,  pp.  46-52;  and  Quebec  Act,  1774,  Ibid,  pp. 
53~6o. 


x  DVNMORE'S  WAR 

exercised  by  influential  persons  interested  in  American 
development,  and  by  1768  native  title  to  lands  between 
the  mountains  and  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  was 
quieted  by  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix,  re-inforced  by 
that  of  Lochaber  (1770)  with  the  Southern  Indians, 
whose  boundary  was  then  fixed  at  Kentucky  River. 

The  backwoodsmen  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia 
were  a  special  class,  formed  chiefly  of  Scotch-Irish 
and  German  settlers,  whom  Lord  Dunmore,  then  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia,  thus  characterized  in  a  report  to 
the  colonial  secretary  in  London :  "They  acquire  no 
attachment  to  Place :  but  wandering  about  Seems  en 
grafted  in  their  nature;  and  it  is  a  weakness  incident 
to  it,  that  they  Should  forever  imagine  the  Lands 
further  off,  are  Still  better  than  those  upon  which  they 
are  already  settled."2  Into  the  vast  transmontane 
region  which  had  been  acquired  at  Stanwix  and 
Lochaber,  these  men  feverishly  pressed,  eager  for 
fresh  hunting  grounds  and  virgin  farms.  Collision 
between  them  and  the  aborigines,  many  of  whom  de 
nied  the  validity  of  the  cessions,  was  inevitable. 

North  of  the  Ohio,  a  readjustment  of  tribes  had  re 
cently  taken  place.  The  Delawares,  first  encountered 
by  whites  in  the  river  valleys  of  eastern  Pennsylvania, 
had  gradually  been  dispossessed,  and  forced  westward, 
until  they  reached  the  fertile  valleys  of  the  JVIuskingum 
and  the  Tuscarawas,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  present 
Ohio.  Thither  a  peaceful  remnant  had  brought  Mo 
ravian  missionaries,  who  built  the  towns  of  Beautiful 
Spring  (Schonbrunn),  Tents  of  Grace  (Gnaden- 
hiitten),  and  Peace  (Salem),  where  they  gathered 


2  See  p.  371,  post. 


INTRODUCTION  xi 

their  converts  about  them.  These  Christian  villages 
probably  were  »the,  most  important  element  in  restrain 
ing  the  Delaware  tribe .  fro_m_yi elding  to  the  importuni 
ties  of  their  neighbors  to  take  up  the  hatchet  against 
the  Virginians.  White  Eyes,  their  principal  chief, 
kept  his  people  loyal  to  their  peace  pledge,  and  aided 
Lord  Dunmore  with  information  and  advice  that  was 
as  valuable  as  disinterested.  Neighbors  to  the  Dela- 
wares,  dwelt  the  fierce  Shawnee.  Their  history  is  in 
volved  in  much  obscurity,  but  their  first  home  appears 
to  have  been  to  the  south  and  west.  In  the  first 
decades  of  the  eighteenth  century,  their  migration 
northward  was  being  urged  by  French  officials.  From 
the  middle  of  the  century  they  were  securely  seated 
upon  the  Scioto,  which  became  a  centre  of  marauding 
parties  launched  against  the  Virginia  frontier.  Orig 
inally  somewhat  mild  and  peaceful  under  French  con 
trol,  their  growth  in  numbers  and  influence  made 
them  the  terror  of  the  English  border.  Back  of  the 
Shawnee  lay  the  tribes  that  had  engaged  in  Pontiac's 
uprising — the  Wyandot,  the  Ottawa,  and  the  great 
confederacy  of  the  Miami. 

Throughout  1773  the  dread  of  another  Indian  upris 
ing  lay  heavy  upon  the  hearts  of  Virginians,  and  the 
unprovoked  massacre  of  young  Boone  and  Russell,  in 
Powell's  Valley,  in  October,  was  considered  a  har 
binger  of  evil.  Through  the  long  winter  days, 
tales  of  raid  and  captivity  on  the  Virginia  borders, 
in  1755  an(l  176.3,  were  rehearsed  at  every  hearthstone 
— the  attack  on  Draper's  Meadows,  when  Colonel 
Patton  was  shot  down,  and  the  wives  and  children  of 
Draper  and  Ingles  carried  to  the  Scioto  villages ;  and 
the  raid  led  by  the  Shawnee  war-chief  Cornstalk,  who, 


xii  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

under  the  guise  of  friendship,  massacred  the  unsus 
pecting  settlers  on  the  Greenbrier.  Rifles  were  taken 
down  from  their  chimney  pegs,  and  carefully  cleaned 
and  re-fitted,  long  hunting-knives  were  sharpened — 
the  bordermen  were  determined  not  to  be  taken  un 
aware,  when  the  opening  of  spring  made  the  valleys 
and  their  streams  passable  for  both  white  and  savage 
forays. 

In  the  Indian  towns,  likewise,  there  was  muttering 
and  alarm.  Itinerant  traders  straggling  into  the  white 
settlements,  reported  that  the  savages  were  sullen,  and 
at  Detroit  were  exchanging  their  peltry  for  powder, 
ball,  and  tomahawks.  George  Croghan,  Pennsyl 
vania's  deputy  Indian  agent  at  Fort  Pitt,  sent  for  some 
Shawnee  chiefs,  whom  he  detained  as  quasi-hostages 
from  December,  1773,  until  the  following  April.  In 
January,  they  were  fired  upon  in  their  huts,  by  a  party 
posing  as  Virginia  militia,  assembled  by  Dr.  John 
Connolly,  who  had  been  sent  by  Lord  Dunmore  to 
maintain  the  authority  of  that  province  at  the  Forks 
of  the  Ohio.  No  one  was  injured,  but  the  apprehen 
sions  of  the  natives  were  allayed  with  difficulty.  By 
March,  the  people  of  southwest  Virginia  were  aban 
doning  their  farms  and  retreating  northeastward  to 
more  thickly  settled  neighborhoods.  The  panic  was 
now  so  general  that  danger  existed  lest  the  Clinch  and 
Holston  valleys  might  be  wholly  abandoned.  March 
24th,  a  Williamsburg  paper  printed  an  address  to  the 
governor,  urging  a  speedy  declaration  of  war  as  "nec 
essary,  nay,  inevitable."  With  such  a  quiver  of  ex 
pectancy  in  the  air,  it  is  idle  to  inquire  who  struck  the 
first  blow,  or  where  Dunmore's  War  was  begun. 

As  early  in  the  spring  as  practicable,  surveyors  con- 


INTRODUCTION  xiii 

tinued  the  work  of  the  previous  year,  exploring-  and 
locating  lands  in  Kentucky.  At  the  request  of  Wash- , 
ington  and  other  prominent  Eastern  men,  Col.  William ! 
Preston,  official  surveyor  for  Augusta  County,  dis-j 
patched  several  parties  to  lay  out  tracts  for  colonial/ 
officers  entitled  to  land  grants  for  military  services/ 
Jpne  of  Preston's  parties  advanced  down  the  Kanawha 
River  and  as  far  along  the  Ohio  as  the  little  Guyan- 
dotte,  where  Floyd  writes  of  the  indignities  inflicted 
upon  several  persons  by  neighboring  Shawnee.  These 
latter  claimed  to  have  received  instructions  from 
Croghan  to  kill  all  Virginians,  and  to  whip  and  rob  any 
Pennsylvanians  found  trespassing  upon  their  territory. 
Thomas  Hogg,  who  had  been  surveying  on  the  Kan 
awha,  was  reported  missing,  and  it  was  feared  he  had 
been  killed  by  hostiles.  April  i6th,  a  canoe  belonging 
to  one  Butler,  a  prominent  Pennsylvania  trader,  was 
fired  upon  near  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Beaver,  and  two 
of  its  Indian  occupants  killed.  Incited  by  these  events, 
and  the  numerous  rumors  flying  about,  Connolly,  prob 
ably  acting  on  his  own  initiative,  issued  on  the  twenty- 
first  of  April,  a  somewhat  incendiary  circular,  assert 
ing  that  a  state  of  war  already  existed,  and  calling  on 
the  borderers  to  arm  themselves  in  their  own  defense. 
The  panic  became  contagious.  There  was  a  rapid  re-  •  • 
treat  across  the  Monongahela — more  than  a  thousand  j  1 
are  said  to  have  passed  over  in  one  day. 

Connolly's  circular  reached  the  neighborhood  of  the 
modern  Wheeling  on  the  twenty-fourth  or  the  twenty- 
fifth  of  the  month.  Stirring  events  had^  shortly  be 
fore,  taken  place  in  this  neighborhood.  A  number  of 
young  men  were  waiting  here  for  the  spring  frestiet 
to  carry  them  down  to  Kentucky ;  among  these,  George 


xiv  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

Rogers  Clark,  a  youthful  Virginian  who  was  destined 
to  play  a  prominent  part  in  Western  history.  From  a 
letter  by  Clark,  written  twenty-four  years  after,  we 
learn  that  a  plan  to  march  against  the  Indians,  in  any 
direction,  was  enthusiastically  embraced  by  the  wait 
ing  emigrants.  For  leader  there  was  proposed  Capt. 
Michael  Cresap,  a  Maryland  prospector,  with  exper 
ience  in  Indian  warfare,  who  was  settling  near  by. 
But  to  the  surprise  of  all,  Cresap  sought  to  dissuade 
them  from  the  enterprise,  and  pleaded  for  peace.  A 
few  days  later,  however,  on  the  arrival  of  Connolly's 
circular,  war  was  declared  in  the  usual  barbarous 
fashion  of  the  frontier:  "The  war  post  was  planted, 
a  Council  called  and  the  Ceremonies  used  by  the  In 
dians  on  so  important  an  Occasion  acted,  and  war  was 
formally  declared.  .  .  .  The  same  evening,  two 
scalps  were  brought  to  Camp."3  Cresap  having  been 
selected  as  the  white  leader,  the  disturbance  which  fol 
lowed  was,  despite  his  declination  of  the  office,  popu 
larly  styled  "Cresap's  War."  Accordingly  the  Indians 
laid  to  Cresap's  charge  the  wilful  murder  of  Chief 
Logan's  family  at  the  mouth  of  Yellow  Creek,  on  the 
morning  of  the  thirtieth  of  April — a  disgraceful  deed 
in  which  that  worthy  took  no  part. 

Despite  the  threatening  aspect  of  affairs,  the  tribes 
men  appear  to  have  been  slow  in  taking  the  war-path. 
Isolated  parties  went  out  with  hostile  intent,  as  the 
long  catalogue  of  ravages  show;  but  as  late  as  July 
2 1st,  the  ill-treated  Logan  stated  in  a  letter  to  the 
whites,  "The  Indians  are  not  angry,  only  myself." 


3  Clark's  letter,  in  Mayer,  Logan  and  Cresap,  pp.  149-154; 
Jacob,  Life  of  Cresap,  pp.  154-158;  Perkins,  Western  Annals, 
P-  143- 


INTRODUCTION  xv 

The  Pennsylvanians  hoped  that  peace  might  still  be 
preserved.  The  deputylndian^  agents  of  that  prov 
ince  summoned  the  chief  to  Fort  Pitt,  and  with  the 
aid  of  the  peace fully-inclined  Delaware^  attempted  to 
readjust  the  terms  of  the  treaty.  While  negotiations 
were  pending,  the  Shawnee  protected  a  body  of  white 
traders  then  operating  in  their  country,  and  sent  them 
under  escort  to  Fort  Pitt,  where  the  native  guard  was 
treacherously  fired  upon  by  irresponsible  Indian  haters. 
But  from  the  borders  of  southwest  Virginia,  alarm 
ing  reports  continued  to  pour  into  Williamsburg,  the 
Virginia  capital.  The  enemy  had  penetrated  to  within 
thirty  miles  of  Botetourt  courthouse,  and  all  settlers 
upon  the  Holston  and  Clinch  were  gathered  within 
fortified  stockades.  Impelled  by  this  serious  condi 
tion,  Lord  Dunmore  took  the  initiative,  issued  a  circu 
lar  letter  (June  10)  calling  out  the  militia  .of  the 
western  counties,  and  prepared  for  aggressive  meas- 
ures.___The  responsible  local  military  official  was  the 
county-lieutenant ;  upon  him  devolved  the  commission 
ing  of  officers,  the  raising  and  provisioning  of  troops, 
the  location  of  forts,  and  measures  for  defense  and  of 
fense.  When  this  officer,  as  in  the  case  of  Collj 
William  Preston  of  Fincastle,  was  also  sheriff  andlh 
county  surveyor,  practically  all  public  business  passed/I 
through  his  hands.  The  preservation,  therefore,  of 
the  Preston  Papers,  in  the  Draper  Manuscript  Collec 
tion,  enables  us  to  present  an  epitome  of  the  times — 
especially  in  matters  relating  to  Fincastle,  then  the 
most  western  Virginia  county,  embracing  all  of  the 
present  state  of  Kentucky  and  much  of  what  is  now 
West  Virginia.  . 


xvi  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Colonel  Preston's  first  care  was  for  the  surveyors 
who  had  been  sent  out  to  Kentucky.  Should  they 
linger  in  that  exposed  quarter,  their  lives  were  in  immi 
nent  danger.  Capt.  William  Russell,  who  lived  upon 
Clinch  River — the  border  of  southwestern  settle 
ment — secured  Daniel  Boone  and  Michael  Stoner,  two 
seasoned  woodsmen,  to  go  as  runners  through  Ken 
tucky,  and  warn  the  surveyors  and  any  outlying  set 
tlers  or  hunters  of  their  impending  peril.  In  a 
successful  circuit  of  over  sixty  days,  the  two  messen 
gers  ventured  as  far  as  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  (the 
modern  Louisville),  their  timely  warnings  saving  all 
the  surveyors  exept  Hancock  Taylor  and  his  compan 
ions.  They  also  notified  a  company  of  pioneers  under 
James  Harrod,  who  were  building  cabins  near  the  site 
of  Harrodsburg,  but  who  returned  to  the  settlements 
in  time  to  join  the  troops  destined  for  Point  Pleasant. 
The  next  care  was  for  the  distressed  inhabitants  of  the 
frontier.  Dependent  for  sustenance  upon  their  crops, 
they  were  collected  within  numerous  small  stockade 
forts,  garrisoned  by  those  men  and  youths  of  the  neigh 
borhood  who  were  not  serving  elsewhere  in  the  militia. 
From  these  log  strongholds  they  could  in  favorable 
seasons  make  sorties  to  care  for  their  corn  and  the 
cattle  running  loose  upon  the  range.  From  each 
centre  of  defense  thus  established,  scouts  were 
despatched  along  the  trails  toward  the  Indian  "tracks," 
and  news  of  Indian  "sign"  was  quickly  spread  from 
fort  to  fort.  Notwithstanding  these  precautions,  bands 
of  stealthy  savage  marauders  continued  to  slip  in,  and 
during  July  and  August  there  were  frequent  reports 
of  plunderings,  burnings,  captures,  and  massacres  at 
their  hands. 


INTRODUCTION  xvii 

Meanwhile,  the  governor  had  continued  his  prepara 
tions.  In  July  he  left  Williamsburg  to  visit  the  fron 
tier,  and  sent  orders  to  Col.  Angus  McDonald  to  move 
down  the  Ohio,  build  a  fort  at  Wheeling,  and  advance 
against  the  nearest  Shawnee  town  on  the  Muskingum. 
This  expedition,  however,  but  stirred  the  hornets'  nest. 
The  Indians  were  now  thoroughly  aroused,  frequent 
war-parties  were  despatched  against  the  frontier,  rav 
ages  multiplied,  and  the  need  of  sterner  measures 
became  apparent. 

On  the  twenty-fourth,  his  lordship  wrote  from  Win 
chester  to  Col.  Andrew  Lewis,  of  Botetourt,  comman- 
der-in -chief  of  the  southwestern  militia,  to  the  effect 
that  he  was  on  his  way  to  Fort  Pitt  with  as  large  a 
force  as  he  could  gather  in  that  region ;  he  desired 
Lewis  "to  rajse_aL_respectable  body  in  your  quarter,  and 
join  me  either  at  the  mouth  ofjfr'31  a****  TTanawha  Or 
Wheeling,  or  suchj3th^r_ix>int  on  the  Ohio  as  may  be 
most  convenientjnr  ynn  to  meet  me."  Lewis,  an  ex 
perienced  Indian  fighter,  had  served  throughout  the 
French  and  Indian  War  side  by  side  with  Washington, 
and  knew  all  the  bordermen  with  whom  he  had  to  deal. 
Already,  upon  the  receipt  of  previous  orders  from  the 
governor  (sent  July  12)  he  had  hastened  expresses  to 
his  brother  Charles,  county-lieutenant  for  Augusta — 
embracing  the  central  valley  of  Virginia,  and  its  neigh 
borhood  west  and  north — and  to  his  friend  Preston, 
in  Fincastle,  to  prepare  for  an  expedition  to  the  In 
dian  towns,  as  the  surest  method  of  "reducing  our 
inveterate  enemies  to  reason."  Thereupon  the  county- 
lieutenants  summoned  their  men  to  arms.  "The  op 
portunity  we  have  so  long  wished  for,"  wrote  Preston, 
"is  now  before  us."  The  appeal  did  not  fall  upon  un- 


xviii  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

heeding  ears.  The  men  of  the  frontier  responded  with 
alacrity.  A  generous  rivalry  arose  among  the  officers, 
as  to  who  should  have  the  largest  and  best-equipped 
company.  Five  weeks  were  spent  in  enlisting,  secur 
ing  provisions,  and  marching  to  the  appointed  ren 
dezvous. 

Settlers  in  the  neighborhood  of  Staunton  gathered 
under  the  command  of  Charles  Lewis,  a  brave  and 
dashing  officer,  the  idol  of  the  army.  Fourteen  com 
panies,  captained  by  their  natural  leaders,  arrived  first 
at  the  appointed  rendezvous — Camp  Union  (Lewis- 
burg,  W.  VaJ,  on  the  Big  Levels  of  the  Greenbrier; 
their  camp-fires  furnished  a  beacon  for  the  tardier 
troops  from  Botetourt  and  Fincastle.  Every  man  in 
one  company  of  Augusta  troops  was  said  to  measure 
above  six  feet  in  his  moccasins.  Col.  Andrew  Lewis 
being  in  general  command,  placed  his  particular  divi 
sion  under  the  charge  of  Col.  William  Fleming,  a  skil 
ful  surgeon,  and  a  man  of  culture,  whose  popularity 
with  his  men  was  unbounded.  Under  Fleming,  seven 
captains  led  out  the  Botetourt  troops,  three  hundred 
and  fifty  strong.  Upon  Fleming's  arrival  at  Camp 
Union,  he  found  not  only  the  Augusta  contingent,  but 
companies  of  men  from  Holston,  under  Captains  Shelby 
and  Russell.  The  Holston  men  were  the  advance 
guard  of  civilization,  on  the  farthest  border  yet  pushed 
out  into  the  Western  wilderness,  out  of  which  the 
states  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  were  in  due  time 
to  be  carved.  The  remaining  Fincastle  men,  under  the 
command  of  Col.  William  Christian,  arrived  at  the 
rendezvous  September  6th,  the  evening  before  the 
march  of  the  advance.  To  their  chagrin,  this  tardi 
ness  resulted  in  their  being  assigned  to  the  rear  rank. 


INTRODUCTION  xix 

in  charge  of  the  baggage  and  supplies.  Before  the 
troops  left  the  Levels,  they  were  joined  by  two  inde 
pendent  companies  from  neighboring  eastern  counties 
—  Col.  Thomas  Buford  bringing  in  a  contingent  of 
Bedford  men,  and  Col.  John  Field  an  independent 
command  from  Culpeper. 

With  McDonald's  men  as  the  nucleus,  the  governor 
had  raised  a  force  from  the  northwestern  counties  of 
Virginia  and  the  neighborhood  of  Pittsburg,  embody 
ing  quite  twelve  hundred  men.  While  these  were 
gathering  at  Fort  Dunmore — the  new  stockade  on  the 
site  of  Fort  Pitt — the  governor  was  treating  with 
what  Indian  chiefs  he  could  assemble  there,  and  plan 
ning  for  an  advance  in  the  direction  of  the  recalcitrant 
tribes.  By  the  thirtieth  of  September  his  column  was 
at  Wheeling,  moving  down  the  Ohio  in  two  divisions, 
one  by  land,  the  other  by  river.  At  the  mouth  of 
Hockhocking  they  halted,  erected  a  stockade  styled 
Fort  Cower,  and  awaited  news  of  Lewis's  brigade. 

That  officer  was  meanwhile  advancing  over  the- 
rugged  paths  of  the  Kanawha  route.  By  the  twenty- 
seventh  of  September  he  had  reached  the  mouth  of 
Elk  River,  where  is  now  the  capital  of  West  Virginia. 
Here  the  little  army  tarried  a  few  days  to  build  canoes 
for  the  easier  transportation  of  supplies,  and  to  recon 
noitre  for  Indian  parties,  supposed  to  be  hovering  on 
their  flanks.  It  was,  therefore,  the  sixth  of  October 
before  the  main  body  of  the  army  reached  the  Ohio 
River,  and,  eleven  Tiundred_stfong,  encamped  at  Point 
Pleasant,  the  triangle  formed  by  the  conjunction  of  the 
Great  Kanawha  and  the  Ohio. 

Rage  and  resentment  animated  the  savages,  as  their 
scouts  brought  word  of  the  two  brigades,  both  of  Dun- 


XX  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

more  and  Lewis,  apparently  bent  on  their  destruction. 
They  thought  that  by  assailing  these  isolated  columns, 
they  might  crush  each  in  turn.  Disregarding  the 
advice  of  Cornstalk,  who  counselled  peace,  it  was  de 
termined  to  surprise  Lewis's  division  at  dawn,  and 
then  if  successful  to  advance  against  his  lordship  and 
prevent  the  union  of  the  two  wings.  Silently,  under 
cover  of  the  forest,  there  were  gathered  a  thousand 
painted  savages — Shawnee  for  the  most  part,  re-in- 
forced  by  Mingo,  Delaware,  Wyandot,  and  Ottawa 
braves — who  crossed  the  Ohio  on  rafts  during  the 
night  of  the  ninth  of  October,  and  before  daybreak 
stood  ready  to  assault  the  sleeping  camp  at  Point 
Pleasant. 

It  is  not  proposed  here  to  narrate  in  detail  the  events 
of  the  memorable  battle,  and  the  death  of  the  gallant 
Charles  Lewis  and  his  fellow  officers;  that  is  more 
effectively  done  by  the  actors  themselves,  in  the  con 
temporary  documents  published  for  the  first  time  in 
the  present  volume.  One  movement,  perhaps  unduly 
magnified  by  secondary  writers,  receives  scant  notice 
in  these  documents — that  is,  the  attempt  of  Shelby, 
Matthews,  Arbuckle,  and  Stuart  to  flank  the  Indian 
line  by  a  march  along  the  east  bank  of  Crooked  Creek.* 
The  Indians  apparently  interpreted  this  as  the  rein 
forcement  of  Christian,  who  did  not,  in  fact,  arrive 
until  midnight;  thus  the  aborigines  made  a  rapid  re 
treat,  half  an  hour  before  sunset,  and  withdrew  with 
their  dead  and  wounded  across  the  Ohio. 

At  first,  the  whites  could  not  believe  that  their  stub 
born  enemy  had  fled.  But  it  appears  that  the  braves 


4  See  Stuart's  "Narrative,"  in  Va.  Hist.  Colls. ,  i. 


INTRODUCTION  xxi 

were  disheartened.  At  the  council  of  trie  tribesmen, 
held  to  decide  their  action,  Cornstalk  caustically  pro 
posed  that  all  their  women  and  children  should  be 
killed,  and  the  warriors  go  forth  to  battle  until  they 
too  were  slain.  Receiving  no  response,  the  chief  ex 
claimed,  "Then,  I  will  go  and  make  peace."  Forth 
with,  Matthew  Eliot,  a  white  man  with  the  Indian 
army,  was  sent  to  intercept  Lord  Dunmore's  advance, 
and  if  still  possible  to  accept  terms  which  the  governor 
had  previously  offered. 

Meanwhile,  Dunmore  had  left  his  position  on  Hock- 
hocking,  and  was  crossing  the  country  to  the  Indian 
villages.  He  had  heard  rumors  of  an  attack  upon 
Lewis ;  but  knowing  that  the  latter  had  with  him  eleven 
hundred  men,  and  that  Christian  was  advancing  with 
about  three  hundred  more,  he  thought  the  southern 
army  might  readily  cope  with  the  hostiles,  and  sent 
word  to  its  commander  to  meet  him  at  the  native  towns. 
Indeed,  the  governor's  forces  had  not  marched  far, 
when  an  express  overtook  them  with  news  of  the  vic 
tory  at  Point  Pleasant,  which  occasioned  great  joy  in 
his  camp.  Dunmore  was,  therefore,  not  unprepared 
for  the  Indian  deputation  requesting  peace.  When,  on 
the  night  of  October  i6th,  Eliot  came  to  his  tent,  the 
governor  replied  that  he  would  listen  to  their  propo 
sals,  but  should  not  withdraw  from  the  Indian  country 
until  satisfactory  terms  were  made.  The  next  day  he 
moved  to  within  eight  miles  of  the  chief  Indian  village, 
where  he  halted  and  formed  Camp  Charlotte.  Here, 
negotiations  with  the  humbled  chiefs  were  at  once 
opened. 

On  the  same  day,  Lewis,  having  buried  his  dead  and 
refreshed  his  men,  crossed  the  Ohio  in  accordance  with 


xxii  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

his  lordship's  original  orders,  and  started  for  the 
Indian  towns.  A  guard  for  the  camp  and  the  wounded 
was  left  at  Point  Pleasant,  under  command  of  Col 
onel  Fleming,  with  Captains  Lockridge,  Slaughter,  and 
Herbert,  to  whom  instructions  were  given  for  the 
building  of  a  small  stockade  fort.  Flushed  with  vic 
tory,  and  eager  for  revenge  because  of  their  losses  sus 
tained  in  the  battle,  Lewis  and  his  men  pushed  rapidly 
on,  hoping  to  strike  the  discomfited  enemy  at  the  Scioto 
villages.  Great  was  their  chagrin  at  receiving  word 
from  Lord  Dunmore  that  a  treaty  of  peace  was  nearly 
completed,  and  ordering  the  southern  wing  at  once  to 
return  to  Point  Pleasant.  This  unpalatable  command 
was  not  immediately  obeyed;  whereupon  the  Indian 
deputies,  kept  informed  of  every  detail  by  their  run 
ners,  hastily  left  Camp  Charlotte  and  hurried  back  to 
defend  their  threatened  habitations.  Dunmore,  fear 
ing  that  the  war  would  break  out  afresh,  set  off  in  per 
son  for  Lewis's  camp.  After  courteously  thanking  the 
assembled  officers  for  their  services,  he  peremptorily 
ordered  a  retreat,  and  was  reluctantly  obeyed. 

Negotiations  were  thereupon  resumed  with  the 
chiefs,  who  now,  for  the  most  part  returned  to  Camp 
Charlotte.  But  Dunmore  noted  the  absence  of  the 
Mingo  deputies.  Hearing  that  Logan  had  just  re 
turned  to  his  village  with  several  prisoners  and  scalps, 
from  a  foray  against  southwestern  Virginia,  the  gov 
ernor  sent  John  Gibson,  a  well  known  trader,  to  bring 
the  warring  chief  to  camp.  Logan  was  surly  and  re 
fused,  saying  that  he  was  a  warrior,  not  a  councillor. 
Upon  further  urging,  he  delivered  to  Gibson  his  now 
classical  speech,  to  serve  as  an  apology  to  his  lordship. 
The  Mingo  tribesmen  still  proving  recalcitrant,  Maj. 


INTRODUCTION  xxiii 

William  Crawford  was  ordered  out  against  their  towns, 
which  he  effectually  destroyed,  thus  conducting  the 
only  aggressive  movement  of  Lord  Dunmore's  wing 
of  the  Virginia  army. 

The  treaty  signed  at  Camp  Charlotte  was  designed 
as  but  preliminary  to  a  larger  and  more  important 
council  to  be  held  at  Fort  Pitt  the  following  spring. 
On  their  part,  the  Indians  agreed  to  return  all  pris 
oners  ;  to  make  good  the  stolen  horses  from  their  own 
herds ;  to  regard  the  Ohio  as  a  boundary  between  them 
and  the  whites,  even  for  hunting  excursions,  and  to 
permit  boats  to  pass  thereon  unmolested ;  finally,  to  ac 
cept  tra_de_  stipulations  to  be  later  formulated.  They 
gave  hostages  as  an  assurance  of  the  fulfilment  of  these 
terms. 

Dunmore  intended  to  go  out  to  Fort  Pitt,  the  fol 
lowing  spring,  and  complete  the  peace  negotiations. 
As  an  evidence  of  good  faith,  he  issued  a  proclamation 
on  January  23rd,  1775,  reciting  the  submission  of  both 
the  Northern  Indians  and  the  Cherokee,  and  calling 
upon  all  citizens  to  protect  the  natives  and  preserve  the 
peace.  But  in  the  confusion  incident  to  the  revolu 
tionary  movements  of  the  Virginians,  Dunmore  was 
unable  to  leave  for  the  frontier;  whereupon  he  com 
missioned  Connolly  as  his  agent  to  treat  with  the  tribes 
men.  The  night  before  the  intended  council  at  Fort 
Pitt,  the  Virginia  deputy  was  arrested  by  the  Pennsyl 
vania  authorities,  to  the  great  confusion  of  the  Indian 
envoys. 

In  June  following,  the  Virginia  assembly  took  up  the 
matter  on  their  own  behalf,  and  appointed  a  commis 
sion  of  five  persons,  consisting  of  Thomas  and  John 
Walker,  Andrew  Lewis,  James  Wood,  and  Adam 


xxiv  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Stephen,  to  arrange  the  proposed  treaty  at  Fort  Pitt, 
Captain  Wood  went  to  notify  the  tribesmen,  but  found 
the  Mingo  still  hostile  and  sullen,  and  the  Delawares 
suspicious,  although  the  Shawnee  were  inclined  to 
peace.  The  chiefs  met  at  the  appointed  time  and 
place,  regardless  of  the  opposition  raised  by  the  British 
commandant  at  Detroit.  The  American  continental 
congress  had  meanwhile  appointed  Lewis  Morris  and 
James  Wilson  to  attend  on  its  behalf.  Negotiations 
lasted  from  the  twelfth  of  September  to  the  twenty- 
first  of  October,  resulting  in  an  agreement  that  kept 
the  Northwest  Indians  quiet  throughout  the  two  first 
years  of  the  Revolutionary  War. 

A  study  of  contemporary  documents  will  convince 
any  fair-minded  student  of  history  that  Lord  Dun- 
more  acted  in  this  episode  with  disinterested  discretion ; 
although  it  has  been  common  to  ascribe  to  him  treach 
erous  motives-^-a  desire  to  stir  up  the  Western  tribes 
to  harry  the  borderers  and  thereby  distract  them  from 
their  seditious  attitude,  and  to  encompass  the  destruc 
tion  of  Lewis's  wing  by  leaving  it  unsupported  at 
Point  Pleasant.  When  colonial  difficulties  had  reached 
a  crisis  in  1775,  and  Dunmore's  zeal  for  the  royal 
cause  had  won  him  hatred  throughout  the  province, 
all  his  previous  acts  were  suspected,  and  the  succeeding 
generation  of  border  historians  persuaded  themselves 
of  his  intended  treachery — an  accusation  which  has, 
with  variations,  been  repeated  unto  the  present  day. 
It  should  be  observed,  however,  that  the  officers  of  the 
army,  on  their  return  halt  at  Fort  Gower,  passed  reso 
lutions  of  sympathy  for  the  cause  of  American  inde 
pendence,  and  at  the  same  time  of  respect  for  their  com 
mander,  "who,  we  are  confident,  underwent  the  fatigue 


INTRODUCTION  xxv 

of  this  singular  campaign  from  no  other  motive  than 
the  true  interest  of  this  country."5  We  see  no  reason 
for  doubting  the  truth  of  this  contemporary  endorse 
ment,  made  by  those  best  qualified  to  judge. 
\  The  affair  at  Point  Pleasant  has  often  been  styled 
"the  first  battle  of  the  American  Revolution."  This 
is  an  over-statement ;  but  it  was  distinctly  an  American 
victory.  Not  only  were  there  no  regular  troops  or 
officers  in  the  campaign,  but  the  initiative  was  distinctly 
colonial;  and  the  English  home  authorities  evinced 
their  disapproval  of  the  governor's  martial  enterprise. 
Moreover,  the  training  and  experience  obtained  in  this 
contest,  were  of  great  advantage  in  the  organization 
of  the  continental  forces  from  the  Southern  provinces. 
The  men  in  the  armies  of  both  Lewis  and  Dunmore 
were  in  large  part  participants  in  the  Revolution. 
Lewis  was  the  general  who  drove  Lord  Dunmore  from 
Virginia.  At  least  ten  of  his  captains  were  officers  in 
the  Revolutionary  army,  not  including  those  serving  in 
George  Rogers  Clark's  Illinois  regiment,  which  was  in 
great  measure  recruited  from  the  men  of  Point  Pleas 
ant.  In  the  governor's  brigade  was  also  Daniel  Mor 
gan,  hero  of  Quebec  (1775)  and  the  Cowpens  (1781), 
who  first  led  out  his  riflemen  to  join  McDonald,  then 
united  with  Dunmore,  and  served  under  Crawford  in 
his  Mingo  expedition.  Morgan  writes  of  the  influence 
of  these  early  associations  upon  his  later  career :  "We 
as  an  army  victorious  formed  ourselves  into  a  society 
pledging  our  word  of  honor  to  each  other  to  assist  our 
brethren  of  Boston  in  case  hostilities  should  com 
mence."  In  less  than  eight  months,  Captain  Morgan 


sAmer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  pp.  962,  963. 


xxvi  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

led  his  rifle  corps,  composed  of  many  of  the  same  ex 
pert  marksmen  who  had  served  under  his  command  in 
1774,  into  Washington's  camp  at  Cambridge.  The 
two  commanding  officers  at  the  battle  of  King's  Moun 
tain  (Oct.  7,  1780),  Gen.  William  Campbell  and  Gen. 
Isaac  Shelby,  both  had  captaincies  under  Colonel  Lewis. 
Christian,  one  of  Lewis's  division  commanders,  drove 
back  the  threatened  Cherokee  invasion  of  1776,  at  the 
head  of  an  expedition  whose  officers  and  men  had  also 
fought  under  Lewis.  Among  the  leaders  in  Dun- 
more's  War,  at  least  four  afterwards  served  (1788)  as 
members  of  the  Virginia  convention  that  ratified  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States.  Several  were  in  due 
time  to  become  United  States  senators  and  governors 
of  states.  In  fact,  most  of  the  men  who  were  promi 
nent  in  the  West  during  the  first  decades  of  its  history, 
were  in  the  war  of  1774,,  either  upon  the  expedition  or 
guarding  the  frontier. 

Thus,  Lord  Dunmore's  War  was  in  a  sense  a  focal 
point  in  Western  history.  Here  were  gathered  in 
either  wing  of  the  army  the  men  who  by  dint  of  daring 
enterprise  had  made  their  way  to  the  frontier,  and  had 
carried  American  institutions  across  the  Appalachian 
barrier.  Here,  in  a  pitched  battle,  they  met  and  sub- 
due'd  nearly  an  equal  number  of  the  most  redoubtable 
of  their  savage  foes.  From  Point  Pleasant  and  Camp 
Charlotte  they  scattered  far  and  wide,  to  fight  the  com 
ing  battle  for  independence — some  on  the  shores  of  the 
Atlantic,  some  in  the  forests  of  the  Southwest,  others 
on  the  prairies  of  the  Illinois.  The  victory  at  Point 
Pleasant  opened  an  ever  lengthening  pathway  to  West 
ern  settlement.  Thenceforward  new  vigor  was  in- 


INTRODUCTION  xxvii 

fused  into  the  two  chief  forces  of  the  future  century — 
American-  expansion  and  American  nationalism. 

The  documents  printed  in  this  volume  have  been 
selected  from  the  mass  of  manuscript  historical  mate 
rial  accumulated  by  the  late  Dr.  Lyman  Copeland 
Draper,  during  nearly  fifty  years  of  zealous  interest 
in  ^-beginnings  of  the  Middle  West.6  That  inde 
fatigable  collector  not  only  obtained  these  papers  from 
the  relatives  and  descendants  of  the  men  who  partici 
pated  in  the  great  events  of  trans-Alleghany  pioneer 
ing,  but  he  himself  visited  in  person  many  of  the  sur 
vivors,  or  their  children,  and  took  from  their  lips  per 
sonal  anecdotes  and  recollections  that  might  otherwise 
have  perished.  The  Draper  Manuscripts  might  readily 
have  furnished  two  volumes  of  this  size,  upon  the  Dun- 
more  War ;  but  a  limit  had  necessarily  to  be  set,  and  we 
have  given  but  the  essential  and  most  interesting  of 
the  material  in  hand.  References,  however,  have  been 
made  in  footnotes  and  elsewhere,  to  scores  of  other  doc 
uments  in  this  collection,  bearing  upon  the  theme,  mak 
ing  it  possible  for  readers  who  so  desire  to  prosecute  a 
still  closer  study. 

Acknowledgments  are  due  to  J.  T.  McAllister,  Esq., 
of  Hot  Springs,  Virginia,  for  aid  in  completing,  so  far 
as  now  seems  practicable,  a  list  of  participants  in  the 
battle  of  Point  Pleasant;  also  for  securing  from  the 
heirs  of  Col.  William  Preston  a  careful  transcript  of 
the  important  letter  by  Col.  William  Christian  (p.  261), 
giving  what  is  practically  an  official  report  of  the  battle 
of  Point  Pleasant,  and  thus  admirably  supplementing 


6 See  Thwaites,  "Lyman  Copeland  Draper:  A  Memoir,"  in 
Wis.  Hist.  Colls.,  i  (reprint),  pp.  ix-xxix. 


xxviii  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

the  papers  in  the  Draper  Manuscripts.  The  proof 
reading,  always  a  difficult  task  in  a  volume  of  this 
character,  has  been  skilfully  supervised  by  Miss  Annie 
A.  Nunns  of  the  Society's  staff. 

R.  G.  T. 

L.  P.  K. 


OF    THE 

SITY 

OF 
'AH  FOR  Jilt 


DUN  MO  RES    WAR 


WESTEBN  SURVEYS;  INDIAN  DEPREDATIONS 

[Dr.  Hugh  Mercer  to  Col.  William  Preston.     3QQi.] 

SIR — When  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  in 
Williamsburgh,  we  had  some  conversation  as  to  the 
Time  you  intended  to  begin  the  officers  Surveys  and 
the  necessary  assistance  each  claimant  should  furnish. 
You  could  not  then  fully  determine,  but  may  by  this 
time  have  considered  the  Matter — as  Mr  Taylor  fur 
nishes  an  opportunity  I  should  be  extreamly  glad  to 
have  your  Sentiments  on  these  particulars — and  also 
to  know  whereabout  on  the  Ohio  you  would  chuse  to 
begin — whether  your  deputies  take  different  parts  of 
the  Country,  or  whether  the  whole  is  kept  together  to 
render  the  Party  more  formidable.  I  intend  to  go  to 
Pittsburgh  early  in  the  Spring  &  would  willingly  pro 
ceed  from  thence  to  meet  you  or  your  deputies  at  any 
place  assigned ;  It  would  be  very  satisfactory  to  know, 
if  any  certain  intelligence  is  received  with  regard  [to] 
it,  what  Indians  they  were  who  killed  Mr  Russel — 
whether  the  Massacre  is  supposed  to  be  owing  to  the 
Indians  Jelousy  of  our  settling  near  them,  or  to  a 


2  DUN  MO  RE'S  WAR 

private  Quarrel.1  If  I  mistake  not  I  gave  you  my 
Warrant  of  Survey  &  the  Plot  of  Land  which  Mr 
Taylor  surveyed  for  me  on  the  Ohio.  It  is  very  prob 
able  I  may  make  choice  of  part  of  that  tract  &  would 
willingly  secure  it,  without  being  obliged  to  keep  the 
whole — but  cannot  determine  on  the  Quantity  till  I 
see  it. 

I  am  with  Esteem  Sir  Your  Obedt  Humble  Servt 

HUGH  MERCER.2 

Wed.  8th  Jany  1774 


INDIAN  ALARMS;  FRONTIERSMEN  REMOVING 

[Capt.  Daniel  Smith  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi5.] 

CASTLE'S  WOODS  3  March  22<*.  1774. 

Dr  SIR — Yours  by  Mr.  Boles  came  to  hand  i8th  Inst 

I  was  at  home,  because  I  had  called  a  muster  the  next 

day,     the  badness  of  the  weather  prevented  the  people 

from  meeting.     So  next  day  I  came  down  here,  and 


1  Upon   Boone's   first   migration   toward   Kentucky,    in   the 
autumn  of  1773,  his  eldest  son,  James,  and  Henry  Russell,  a 
young  son  of  Capt.  William  Russell,  were  set  upon  and  killed 
by  a  roving  party  of  Indians,  only  a  short  distance  from  the 
main  camp  in  Powell's  Valley,  Va.     This  untoward  incident 
led  to  the  temporary  abandonment  of  the  advance  into  Ken 
tucky. — ED. 

2  Dr.  Hugh  Mercer  was  a  Scotchman,  born  in   1720,  who 
served  with  the  Pretender  (1745)  and  shortly  after  emigrated 
to    America,     settling    first    in     Pennsylvania.    After    being 
wounded    at    Braddock's    Defeat,    and    serving    with    Forbes 
(1758),  he  removed  to  Fredericksburg,  Virginia.     Embracing 
the  colonial  cause,  he  commanded  a  Virginia  regiment  in  the 
Revolution,  being  killed  at  the  battle  of  Princeton,  1777. — ED. 

3  A  well-known  locality  on  Clinch  River  in  Russell  County, 
the  home  of  William  Russell  and  a  fort  for  the  protection  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  upper  Clinch. — ED. 


INDIAN  ALARMS  3 

Survey'd  Mr  Lynch's  Millseat  Yesterday.  The  people 
on  this  River  are  much  more  fearful  of  the  Indians 
than  I  expected  to  find  them.  The  late  Reports 
alarm'd  them  so  much  that  4  families  in  my  neighbor 
hood  mov'd  over  to  Holston  before  I  heard  of  their 
Setting  off,  they  went  in  Such  haste  that  they  left 
all  their  Stock  and  greatest  part  of  their  Household 
Furniture.  When  they  got  to  Holston  they  heard  news 
that  mitigated  their  fears  a  little,  and  they  ventur'd 
back  again  to  take  care  of-  their  Effects,  then  I  saw 
them  and  p[r]evail'd  on  them  to  Stay.  The  badness 
of  the  Weather  and  the  troublesome  Office  you  con- 
ferr'd  on  me  lately  hath  prevented  me  from  making 
any  more  than  seven  surveys  yet,  nay,  from  making 
any  proper  beginning  yet,  I  fear  you'll  say  I'm  lazy, 
but  hope  to  make  you  think  otherwise  in  four  Weeks. 
This  day  I  leave  this  neighbourhood  to  go  towards  the 
Rye  Coves.4  Please  to  make  my  Compliments  accept 
able  to  your  Lady.  I  am  in  Haste,  so  conclude  with 
assuring  you  that  I  am 

Dr  Sir,  Your  respectful  humble  Servt 

DAN  SMITH.B 

Money  is  so  scarce  on  this  River  that  I  fear  I  shall 
make  a  very  sorry  collection — not  one  penny  reed  yet. 
To  Col  William  Preston,  at  Smithfield. 


4  Rye  Coves  was  one  of  the  most  westerly  settlements  of 
the  day,  on  a  western  affluent  of  the  Clinch,  in  the  present 
Scott  County,  Va. — ED. 

5  Daniel  Smith  was  born  in  Stafford  County,  Virginia,  1748. 
Early  settling  upon  Western  waters,  he  was  appointed  dep 
uty  surveyor  of  Augusta  County  in  1773.     He  aided  in  de 
fending    the    frontier    during    the    Revolution,    and    in    1775 
assisted  in   drawing  up  the   resolutions   for  liberty.    At  the 
close  of  the  war,  he  emigrated  to  the  Cumberland  settlement, 


DUN  MORE' S  WAR 


SCOUTS  SENT  OUT 

[Instructions  by  Capt.  William  Russell    to  scouts.    3QQi8.] 

Instructions  given  to  Richard  Stanton,  Edward 
Sharpe,  Epraim  Drake,  and  William  Harrel,  Runners ; 
Gentlemen.  Agreeable  to  Instruction  from  Colo  Will 
iam  Preston,  I  have  appointed  by  your  mutual  consent, 
you  the  aforesd  four  Persons  as  Runners  to  scout,  and 
Reconnoitre,  to  the  Westward  of  this  sittlement.  First 
you  are  to  proceed  to  the  head  of  Powels  Vally,6 
where  you  are  particularly,  on,  and  near  the  Warriours 
path7  to  look  for  Indian  Signs,  and  should  you  make 
any  such  discovery,  you  are  then  to  find  as  near  as 
you  can  their  Number,  the  rout  they  are  taking,  and 


where  he  was  prominent  in  its  affairs,  serving  as  secretary  of 
the  territory,  1790-96;  U.  S.  senator  from  Tennessee,  1798- 
99,  1805-09.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Stimner  County  in 
1818.  See  Thwaites,  Early  Western  Travels  (Cleveland, 
1904),  iii,  pp.  255,  256,  for  account  of  this  pioneer. — ED 

0  Powell's  Valley  is  the  most  westerly  of  the  several  long 
narrow  valleys  found  in  southwestern  Virginia  and  north 
eastern  Tennessee,  made  by  the  sources  of  the  Tennessee 
River.  It  was  first  explored  in  1750  by  Walker,  one  of 
whose  party,  Ambrose  Powell,  cut  his  name  upon  a  tree  in 
this  valley,  whence  was  derived  the  name.  The  first  cabin 
was  erected  therein  by  Joseph  Martin  in  1768.  It  was  in 
Powell's  Valley  that  Boone's  party  were  turned  back  from 
Kentucky  settlement  by  the  Indian  outbreak  of  1773.  By 
1777,  the  settlement  in  the  valley  could  muster  nearly  a  thou 
sand  men ;  but  during  Indian  ravages,  it  was  highly  exposeds 
the  road  from  Cumberland  Gap  passing  directly  through  the 
valley. — ED. 

7  The  Warriors'  Path  was  a  well-known  trace  along  which 
the  Northern  Indians  came  through  eastern  Kentucky.  See 
map  of  Kentucky  by  Filson  (1784),  where  it  is  outlined  di 
rectly  from  the  mouth  of  Scioto  to  Cumberland  Gap.  A 
branch  diverged  by  way  of  the  Blue  Licks. — ED. 


SCOUTS  SENT  OUT 


as  nearly  as  possible  their  Intentions,  and  upon  a  sup 
position  only  of  your  Company  that  any  such  party 
discovered,  intend  Warr  Immediately  upon  our  In 
habitants,  you  must  give  the  most  speedy  Acct  thereof 
to  me,  or  in  my  absance  to  the  next  Officer  convenient 
that  the  same  may  be  reported  to  the  County  Lieu- 
tennant;  but  in  case  you  make  no  such  discovery, 
you  are  in  Powels  Vally  to  find  the  boundary  Line 
between  us  and  the  Cherrokees,  which  line  (if  possible, 
you  must  follow  to  the  Water  course  it  Terminates  on, 
and  then  to  follow  such  River,  if  Cumberland,  as  low 
as  the  Hunters  Road,  if  Louisa  thro'  the  small  Moun 
tains,  till  you  come  to  such  old  Incampments  of  the 
Hunters,  as  may  fully  satisfy  you,  that  you  may  return 
an  Acct  upon  Oath,  that  the  same  may  be  reported  to 
the  Assembly  touching  the  certainty  of  such  boundary 
River  between  the  Cherrokees  and  Virginia:8  this 
being  perform'd  you  are  to  return  with  the  utmost  ex 
pedition,  that  such  Report,  may  be  laid  before  the 


8  By  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  (1768),  the  Six  Nations 
(Iroquois)  ceded  all  the  southern  and  western  land  to  the 
king  of  Great  Britain.  Thereupon  the  Cherokee  complained 
that  their  claims  had  not  been  properly  recognized,  and  at 
the  treaty  of  Lochaber  (1770),  Stuart,  the  English  Indian 
agent,  recognized  the  right  of  this  tribe  to  all  lands  west  of  a 
line  "from  six  miles  above  the  Big  Island  in  Holston  in  a 
direct  course  to  the  mouth  of  Great  Kanawha."  The  follow 
ing  year,  Col.  John  Donelson  was  appointed  commissioner  by 
the  Virginia  authorities  to  meet  with  Cherokee  envoys  and 
run  the  line.  Instead  of  following  it  to  the  Great  Kanawha,  it 
was' surveyed  to  the  head  of  a  river  supposed  to  be  the  Ken 
tucky  (or  Louisa),  but  by  some  thought  to  empty  into  Cumber 
land  River.  This  line,  being  accepted  by  the  Cherokee,  it  was 
important  to  ascertain  its  real  limits,  since  officers'  warrants 
for  the  grants  of  the  French  and  Indian  War  were  waiting 
to  be  located ;  and  it  was  a  question  whether  any  below  the 
Kentucky  could  legally  be  received. — ED. 


6  DUNMORE'S  WAR. 

Assembly  in  order  to  recommend  you,  to  the  consider 
ation  of  the  House,  who  I  doubt  not,  in  the  least,  will 
reward  You  adequate  to  your  services.  And  tho' 
we  are  at  present  apprehensive  the  Cherrokees,  and 
northward  Indians  intend  War,  Yet  should  you  by 
accident,  fall  in  with  any  of  their  Parties;  You  are 
to  avoide  acting  toward  them,  in  a  Hostile  manner; 
unless  in  cases  of  the  last  extreemity ;  because  the  least 
Hostility  committed  by  You,  at  this  Time  when  the 
Indians  appear  ripe  for  War;  wod  not  only  blast  our 
fairest  hopes  of  Settleing  the  Ohio  Country;  and  be 
Attended  with  a  train  of  Concomitant  Evils ;  but  doubt 
less,  involve  the  Government  in  a  Blooddy  War.  Re 
lying  greatly  on  your  Fidelity,  after  wishing  you  an 
agreeable  Journey,  and  safe  return;  Remain  Gentle 
men  your  most  Obedt  Humb.  Servt 

W  RUSSELL  9  Capt 


9  Gen.  William  Russell  was  born  in  Culpeper  County  about 
1748,  his  father  being  high-sheriff  of  the  region.  By  1770  he 
had  removed  to  Clinch  River,  where  he  soon  became  one  of 
the  Western  leaders,  being  justice  of  Fincastle  County  upon 
its  organization  (1772).  After  the  Point  Pleasant  campaign, 
in  which  he  commanded  a  company,  he  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  Revolutionary  movement,  signing  the  Fincastle  resolu 
tions  of  1775,  and  being  chosen  delegate  to  the  Virginia  as 
sembly  in  1776.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  he  was  chosen 
colonel  of  colonial  troops,  serving  efficiently  during  the  entire 
period,  taking  part  in  the  capture  of  Stony  Point,  and  being 
part  of  the  army  surrendered  at  Charleston.  After  effecting  an 
exchange  he  was  in  the  army  until  1783,  retiring  brigadier- 
general  by  brevet.  The  same  year  he  married  the  widow  of 
Gen.  William  Campbell,  sister  of  Patrick  Henry,  and  re 
moved  to  Saltville,  where  he  developed  the  works.  Madam 
Russell's  house  stood  here  until  recently.  General  Russell 
died  in  1794;  his  son  of  the  same  name  became  a  prominent 
Kentucky  pioneer,  and  general  in  the  War  of  1812-15. — ED. 


TROUBLE  ON  OHIO 

TBOUBLE  ON  THE  OHIO 

[John  Floyd  to  Col.  William  Preston. 

LITTLE  GIANDOT,  26th  April  I774.10 

DEAR  SIR — Inclosed  you  hav  three  Warrants  the 
Gentm.  desire  to  send  you  we  are  to  survey  the  Land 
without  Entering,  last  night  Thos.  Glen  Lawrence 
Darnell  &  William  Nash  came  to  our  canlp  who  were 
Orderd  off  the  River  by  a  Party  of  Indians  who  only 
saw  them  across  the  River.  The  Shawneese  took 
Darnell  &  6  Others  prison  [erjs11  a  few  Weeks  ago  & 
held  a  Counsel  Over  them  three  Days;  after  which 
they  took  everything  they  had  &  sent  them  off :  telling 
them  at  the  same  time  it  was  their  directions  from  the 
Superintendent  Geo  Crohon12  to  kill  all  the  Virginians 
they  could  find  on  the  River  &  rob  &  whip  the  Penn- 
sylvanians.  this  they  told  them  in  English.  The 
whites  &  Indians  the  I5th  Instant  had  a  skirmish  at 


10  For  the  route  of  the  party  of  surveyors  from  Fincastle 
to  this  river — a  small  affluent  of  the  Ohio  in  Cabell  County, 
West  Virginia — see  journal  of  Thomas  Hanson,  post. — ED. 

11  Lawrence  Darnell  had  come  out  from  Pittsburg  the  pre 
vious  year,  with  nine  companions,  and  had  surveyed  in  Ken 
tucky,  wrhere  Lawrence  Creek,  in  Mason  County,  was  named 
in  his  honor,     See  Jacob,  Life  of  Cresap   (Cincinnati,  1866), 
PP-  54>  55»  for  further  account  of  this  robbery. — ED. 

12  George  Croghan  emigrated  from  Ireland  and  engaged  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Indian  trade.    His  first  employment  in  the 
public  service  was  in  1747;  and  in  1756  he  was  chosen  dep 
uty  Indian  agent  by  Sir  William  Johnson,  in  which  capacity 
he  continued  until  1778.     His  home  at  this  time  was  about 
four    miles     above     Pittsburg.      For     further     details,     see 
"Croghan's  Journals,"  in  Thwaites,  Early  Western  Travels, 
i.— ED. 


8  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

the  mouth  of  Beaver  Creek  45  mile  below  Pittsburg 
One  white  Man  killd  another  wounded  &  One  other 
yit  missing  the  Wounded  man  got  in  to  Fort  Pitt 
where  Dr.  Wood  Dressed  his  Wounds,  this  I  have 
from  the  second  hand  &  I  think  may  be  depended  on.13 
the  Other  news  I  wrote  you  that  3  or  4  Indians  down 
the  River  were  thought  to  be  killed  is  not  so,  I  have 
since  seen  One  of  the  men  that  should  have  been  in 
the  ingagemt.  &  the  Indians  only  Robd  them ;  he  says 
no  lives  were  lost.  I  wrote  you  fully  a  few  days  ago 
&  inclosed  Colo  Washingtons  Plot.14  which  Letter  I 
imagine  you  will  Receive  with  this,  Our  Men  are 
almost  daily  Retreating.  If  any  Men  are  sent  down 
to  see  which  River  is  the  Line  to  the  Ohio  pray  direct 
them  to  let  us  know  [as  soon]  as  they  can.  I  am  in 
doubt  about  it  &  dont  [MS.  torn]  what  to  do:  I  find 
all  the  best  of  the  Country  to  lie  [MS.  torn]  as  Mr 
Dandridge  has  concluded  to  Retire  Since  I  began  this 


13 These  were  the  men  in  Butler's  canoe:  see  Jacob,  Cresap, 
PP-  55>  I33»  134;  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  468.  Mean 
while  reports  that  the  surveying  party,  led  by  Floyd,  had  been 
stopped  brought  about  the  first  outbreaks  of  the  whites  against 
the  Indians,  higher  up  on  the  Ohio  River.  See  Butterfield, 
Washington-Crawford  Letters  (Cincinnati,  1877),  PP-  47> 
48.— Ea 

14  George  Washington  was  much  interested  in  Western 
lands,  and  since  the  close  of  the  French  and  Indian  War 
0763)  had  been  endeavoring  to  secure  patents  for  the  200,000 
acres  promised  to  colonial  soldiers  and  officers  who  took 
part  therein.  In  1770  he  had  made  a  surveying  trip  as  low  as 
the  Kanawha  in  the  interest  of  these  claims,  many  of  which 
he  had  purchased  from  other  officers  or  their  heirs.  The 
surveying  trip  of  Floyd  was  undertaken  largely  with  a  view 
to  locating  these  lands.  See  Col.  William  Preston's  adver 
tisement,  in  Maryland  Gazette,  Mar.  10,  1774;  Washington- 
Crawford  Letters,  pp.  47,  48,  note.— ED. 


OUTBREAK  OF  WAR  9 

Letter  I  need  only  add  that  I  wish  you  health  &  Suc 
cess  &  am  D  Sir  yours  affectionately 

JACK  FLOYD15 

I  dont  know  how  it  may  happen  but  I  have  never 
rued  yet  I  am  in  great  haste.  J.  F. 

Colo.  William   Preston. 
By  favr  of  Mr.  Dandridge. 


OUTBREAK   OF   WAR 

[Reminiscences   of  Judge  Henry  Jolly.     6NN22-24-] 1C 
******** 

In  the  Spring  of  the  year  1774  a  party  of  Indians 
encamped  on  the   Northwest  of  the   Ohio,  near  the 


15John  Floyd  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1750,  and  when  about 
twenty-two  years  of  age  removed  to  Fincastle  County,  and 
engaged  in  school-teaching,  living  in  the  home  of  Coi.  Will 
iam  Preston.  In  1774  he  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff,  and 
in  the  spring  of  the  same  year  led  a  surveying  party  into 
Kentucky.  Upon  his  return  he  joined  the  Point  Pleasant 
expedition,  but  arrived  too  late  to  engage  in  the  battle.  The 
following  year  he  returned  to  Kentucky  as  surveyor  for  the 
Transylvania  Company  and  remained  at  St.  Asaph's  till  the 
summer  of  1776.  Returning  to  Virginia,  he  embarked  on  a 
privateering  enterprise,  was  captured,  and  spent  a  year  in 
Dartmouth  prison,  England.  Having  effected  an  escape  to 
France,  Franklin  aided  him  to  return  to  America,  where  he 
married  Jane  Buchanan,  a  niece  of  Colonel  Preston,  and  in 
1779  set  out  for  his  final  emigration  to  Kentucky.  There  he 
built  a  station  on  Beargrass  Creek ;  but  was  shot  and  mortally 
wounded  by  Indians  in  1783.  His  son  John  became  governor 
of  Virginia. — ED. 

16  The  following  was  sent  to  Dr.  Draper  in  1849,  by  S.  P. 
Hildreth,  who  had  had  an  interview  with  Judge  Jolly.  The 
latter  was  sixteen  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  these  occur 
rences,  and  recollected  them  well.  There  has  been  much 
controversy  over  these  incidents;  for  the  statements  of  other 
contemporaries,  see  Sappington,  in  Jefferson's  Notes  on  Vir- 


10  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

mouth  of  Yellow  Creek.17  a  party  of  whites  called 
Greathouse's  party,  lay  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,  the  Indians  came  over  to  the  white  party — I 
think  five  men,  one  woman  and  an  infant  babe,  the 
whites  Gave  thim  rum,  which  three  of  them  drank, 
and  in  a  short  time  became  very  drunk,  the  other  two 
men  and  the  woman  refused,  the  Sober  Indians  were 
chalenged  to  shoot  at  a  mark,  to  which  they  agreed, 
and  as  soon  as  the[y]  emptied  their  Guns,  the  whites 
shot  them  down,  the  woman  Attempted  to  escape  by 
flight,  but  was  also  shot  down,  She  lived  long  enough 
however  to  beg  mercy  for  her  babe,  telling  them  that 
it  was  a  Kin  to  themselves,  they  had  a  man  in  the 
Cabbin,  prepared  with  a  tomahawk  for  the  purpose  of 
killing  the  three  drunk  Indians,  which  was  immedi 
ately  done,  the  party  of  men  women  &c  moved  off 
for  the  Interior  Settlements,  and  came  to  Catfis[h] 
camp  on  the  evening  of  the  next  day,  where  they  tar 
ried  untill  the  next  day,18  I  very  well  recollect  my 
mother,  feeding  and  dressing  the  Babe,  Chirping  to 
the  little  innocent,  and  it  smiling^  however  they  took 


ginia  (ed.  of  1825),  pp.  336-339  Tomlinson,  in  Jacob's  Cresap, 
PP.  133-137;  George  Rogers  Clark's  letter,  ibid,  pp.  154-158; 
Washington-Crawford  Letters,  pp.  86,  87;  and  N.  Y.  Colon. 
Docs.,  viii,  pp.  463-465. — ED. 

1TThe  massacre  at  Yellow  Creek  occurred  April  30,  1774; 
see  Valentine  Crawford's  statement  in  Washington-Craw 
ford  Letters,  p.  86.  Yellow  Creek  is  an  affluent  of  the  Ohio, 
on  the  right  or  Ohio  side,  about  fifty  miles  below  Pitts- 
burg. — ED. 

18 Now  Washington,  Pennsylvania;  there  they  met  Craw 
ford  and  Neville  returning  to  Pittsburg  from  Virginia,  the 
former  of  whom  took  possession  of  the  child.  So  L.  C.  D. 
in  Draper  MSS.,  147275;  Crawford,  May  8,  1774,  in  Wash- 
ington-Craivford  Letters,  pp.  48,  49;  and  N.  Y.  Colon.  Docs., 
viii,  p.  464. — ED. 


OUTBREAK  OF  WAR  II 

it  away,  and  talked  of  sending  it  to  its  supposed  father, 
Col  Geo.  [John]  Gibson  of  Carlisle  (Pa.)  who  was 
then  [and]  had  been  for  several  years  a  trader  amongst 
the  Indians19 

The  remainder  of  the  party,  at  the  mouth  of  Yellow 
Creek,  finding  that  their  friends  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river  was  Massacred,  thefy]  attempted  to  escape 
by  descending  the  ohio,  and  in  order  to  avoid  being 
discovered  by  the  whites,  passed  on  the  west  side  of 
Wheeling  Island,  and  landed  at  pipe  creek,  a  small 
stream  that  empites  into  the  ohio20  a  few  miles  below 
Graves  creek,  where  they  were  overtaken  by  Cresap 
with  a  party  of  men  from  Wheeling,  the[y]  took  one 
Indian  scalp,  and  had  one  white  man  badly  wounded, 
(Big  Tarrence)21  they  I  believe  carried  him  in  a 


19  Col.  John  (not  George)  Gibson  was  born  at  Lancaster  in 
1740.     After  receiving  a  good  education,  he  entered  the  army 
under  General  Forbes  (1758),  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  en 
gaged  in  Indian    trade.     At    the    outbreak    of    Pontiac's    War 
(1763)   he  was  captured,  but  saved  from  the  stake  by  being 
adopted  by  a  squaw.     The  following  year  he  was  set  at  lib 
erty  by    Bouquet's    expedition,  and    continued    his    dealings 
with  the  Indians.     Logan's  sister,  who  was  killed  at  Yellow 
Creek,  was  his  Indian  wife.    After  Dunmore's  War,  he  em 
barked    in    the    Revolutionary    cause,    commanded    the    I3th 
Virginia,   and   after    1778    was    stationed   at    Fort    Pitt.     He 
held  several  public  offices  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  being 
judge  of  Allegheny  County,  Pa.,  and  secretary  of  Indiana  ter 
ritory.     He  died  in  western  Pennsylvania  in  1822. — ED. 

20  The  affair  at  Pipe  Creek  occurred  April  27,  three  days 
before  that  at  Yellow  Creek.     The  Indians  killed  were  Shaw- 
nee,  not  Mingo.     Consult  Clark's  letter,  as  cited  above,  and 
N.  Y.  Colon.  Docs.,  viii,  p.  463. — ED. 

21  "A  man  of  Cresap's  party  named  Morrison  was  shot  in 
the  hip,  and  brought  to  Dr.  Charles  Wheeler's,  in  the  neighbor 
hood  of  Edward  White's,  and  remained  under  Dr.  Wheeler's 
care  until  he  recovered,  some  two  or  three  months  later.     It 
was  not  until  after  this,  and  Morrison's  recovery,  that  the 
people  abandoned  the  settlement   (four  miles  west  of  Red- 


12  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

litter  from  Wheeling  to  redstone22     I  saw  the  party  on 
the  return  from  their  victorious  campaign.23 

The  Indians  had  for  some  time  before  this  event 
thought  themselves  intruded  upon  by  the  long  Knife, 


stone).  Dr.  Wheeler  probably  went  to  Brownsville,  as  some 
others  did.  Morrison  taught  school  subsequently,  but  was 
ever  after  a  cripple  from  his  wounds;  bones  affected." — 
Information  given  to  Dr.  Draper  in  1846  by  Capt.  Jacob 
White:  Draper  MSS.,  38,  book  5,  pp.  i,  2. — ED. 

22 The  first  overt  acts  of  the  war  have  usually  been  attrib 
uted  to  Michael  Cresap,  although  it  has  abundantly  been 
proven  that  he  was  not  concerned  in  the  massacre  of  Logan's 
relatives,  as  attributed  to  him  in  the  famous  speech  of  that 
chief.  In  extenuation  of  the  attacks  upon  Indians  made  by 
the  Cresap  party,  account  should  be  taken  of  Lord  Dunmore's 
proclamation,  issued  April  25,  1774  (Amer.  Archives,  4th 
series,  i,  p.  283)  calling  upon  Virginia  militia  to  protect  the 
settlers  from  Indians,  and  of  Cresap's  claims  that  Dunmore's 
agent  at  Pittsburg,  Dr.  John  Connolly,  had  sent  out  a  circu 
lar  letter  to  the  inhabitants,  and  that  what  he  did  was  by  Con 
nolly's  orders.  (Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  pp.  287,  484 : 
Clark's  letter,  "The  reception  of  this  [Connolly's]  letter  was 
the  epoch  of  open  hostilities"  with  the  Indians.") 

Michael  Cresap  was  the  son  of  Col.  Thomas  Cresap,  a  well- 
known  Maryland  pioneer.  Born  in  1742,  the  younger  Cresap 
early  set  up  as  a  trader,  and  had  a  store  at  Redstone  in  1772. 
He  came  to  the  Ohio  and  made  improvements  on  land  claimed 
by  Washington.  Commissioned  captain  by  Dunmore  in  June, 

1774,  he  served  throughout  the  campaign.     The  spring  of  the 
next  year,  he  enlisted  a  rifle  company  of  Maryland  troops, 
and  joined  Washington  at  Cambridge;  but  died  in  October, 

1775,  in  New  York  city,  where  he  received  the  honors  of  war 
and  was  buried  in  Trinity  churchyard.     For  recent  details  of 
this  family,  see  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Soc.  Publications,  x,  pp. 
146-164. 

Redstone  was  the  site  of  the  storehouse  built  by  the  Ohio 
Company  in  1752.  In  1758  Fort  Burd  was  erected  at  this 
place.  It  is  now  known  as  Brownsville,  and  was  long  an  im 
portant  point  of  embarkation  for  Western  pioneers  descend 
ing  the  Ohio. — ED. 

23  That  portion  of  this  narrative  which  relates  to  Cap*.  M. 
Cresap  agrees  with  the  evidence  of  Col.  Eb.  Zant,  published  in 
Jefferson's  Notes—  L.  C.  D. 


OUTBREAK  OF  WAR  13 

as  they  Called  the  Virginians  at  that  time,24  and  many 
of  them  were  for  war — however  the[y]  calld  a  Coun 
cil,  in  which  Logan  acted  a  Conspicuous  part,  he 
admited  their  Ground  of  complaint,  but  at  the  same 
time  reminded  them  of  some  aggressions  on  the  part 
of  the  Indians,  and  that  by  a  war,  they  could  but  har- 
rass  and  distress  the  frontier  Settlements  for  a  short 
time,  that  the  long  Knife  would  come  like  the  trees  in 
the  woods,  and  that  ultimately,  they  would  be  drove 
from  their  good  land  that  they  now  possessed ;  he 
therefore  strongly  recommended  peace,  to  him  they 
all  agreed,  Grounded  the  hatchet,  every  thing  wore  a 
tranquil  appearance,  when  behold,  in  came  the  fug 
itives  from  Yellow  creek ;  Logan's  father,25  Brother 
and  sister  murdered ;  what  is  to  be  done  now ;  Logan 
has  lost  three  of  his  nearest  and  dearest  relations,  the 
consequence  is  that  this  same  Logan,  who  a  few  days 
before  was  so  pacific,  raises  the  hatchet,  with  a  dec 
laration,  that  he  will  not  Ground  it,  untill  he  has  taken 
ten  for  one,  which  I  believe  he  completely  fulfilled,  by 
taking  thirty  scalps  and  prisoners  in  the  sumer  of  74. 
the  above  has  often  been  told  to  me  by  sundry  persons 
who  was  at  the  Indian  town,  at  the  time  of  the  Council 
alluded  to,  and  also  when  the  remains  of  the  party 
came  in  from  Yellow  creek;  thomas  Nicholson26  has 


24 On  the  origin  of  this  term  see  Thwaites,  Daniel  Boom 
(New  York,  1902),  p.  in,  note. — ED. 

25 Logan's  father  was  the  famous  Oneida  chief  Shickalamy, 
who  died  at  his  village  at  the  forks  of  the  Susquehanna  in 
1749.  See  Thwaites,  Early  Western  Travels,  i,  p.  235.  For 
the  life  of  Logan,  see  post. — ED. 

26  Thomas  Nicholson  was  a  well-known  scout  and  inter 
preter  who  guided  McDonald's  expedition,  and  later  served 
under  Dunmore.  With  his  brother  Joseph,  who  accompanied 


14  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

told  me  the  above  and  much  more,  another  person 
(whose  name  I  cannot  recollect)  told  me  that  he  was 
at  the  towns  when  the  Yellow  Creek  Indians  came  in, 
that  there  was  a  very  Great  lamentation  by  all  the 
Indians  of  that  places,  some  friendly  Indian  advised 
him  to  leave  the  Indian  Settlement,  which  he  did 

Could  any  person  of  common  rationality,  believe  for 
a  moment,  that  the  Indians  came  to  Yellow  creek  with 
hostile  intention,  or  that  they  had  any  suspicion  of  the 
whites,  having  any  hostile  Intentions  against  them, 
would  five  men  have  crossed  the  river,  three  of  them 
in  a  Short  time  dead  drunk,  the  other  two  discharging 
their  Guns,  puting  themselves  entirely  at  they  mercy 
of  the  whites,  or  would  they  have  brought  over  a 
Squaw,  with  an  infant  paupoos,  if  they  had  not  reposed 
the  utmost  Confidence  in  the  friendship  of  the  whites, 
every  person  who  is  acquainted  with  Indians  Knows 
better,  and  it  was  the  belief  of  the  Inhabitants  who 
were  capable  of  reasoning  on  the  Subject,  that  all  the 
depredations  Commited  on  the  frontiers  was  by  Logan 
and  his  party,  as  a  retaliation,  for  the  murder  of 
Logans  friends  at  Yellow  creek — I  mean  all  the  depre 
dations  commited  in  the  year  1774.  It  was  well 
Known  that  Michael  Cresap  had  no  hand  in  the  Mas 
sacre  at  Yellow  Creek. 


Washington  in  1770,  he  led  Crawford's  unfortunate  expedi 
tion  to  the  Sandusky  towns,  in  1782.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  retired  to  Pittsburg. — ED. 


OUTBREAK  OF  WAR  15 


[Information  given  to  Dr.  Draper  by  Michael  Cresap,  Jr.,  in 
the  autumn  of  1845.    288,  book  5,  pp.  33~35-] 

Jos.  Tomlinson  said,  that  one  of  the  Squaws  was  in 
the  habit  of  crossing  to  Bakers  to  get  milk,  &  Mrs. 
Baker  was  kind  in  giving  her  some  for  her  2  children, 
this  squaw  was  Logan's  sister,  &  the  father  of  her 
children  was  John  Gibson.  One  day  she  said  that  the 
Indians  were  angry  &  wd  be  over  next  day  by  a 
certain  hour,  &  advised  Mrs.  Baker  to  move  to  Cat 
Fish's  camp :  the  next  day  several  Indians  came  at  the 
appointed  time  with  their  faces  painted  black ;  the  men 
at  the  time  were  not  in  [the]  house ;  the  Indians  went 
into  Bakers,  &  without  permission  took  liquor  &  drank, 
&  also  took  what  rifles  there  were  there,  &  one  put 
on  Nathaniel  Tomlinson's  military  coat.  After  a  little, 
Daniel  Greathouse,  Danl.  ( ?)  Sappinton,  &  Nathl. 
Tomlinson,  George  Cox,  &  one  other  came  in.  Tom 
linson  wanted  his  regimental  coat,  which  the  Indian 
did  not  feel  disposed  to  yield  to  its  owner ;  &  Tomlin 
son  declared  he  would  kill  him,  if  he  did  not,  &  the 
probability  is  the  Indians  were  indulged  with  more 
liquor.  Cox  was  opposed  to  this  summary  course, 
said  it  would  breed  an  Indian  war,  &  that  he  would 
have  no  hand  in  it;  &  had  not  gone  far  in  the  woods 
[when  he]  heard  firing  at  the  house.  Greathouse, 
Tomlinson  &  Sappington  were  all  that  were  concerned 
in  the  affair.  Baker  had  no  hand  in  it,  nor  was  he 
probably  present. 


!6  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

[Recollections    of    Bazaleel    Wells,  "who    emigrated    to    this 

country  in  1779,"  related  to  Dr.  Draper  in  1845. 

28,  book  2,  pp.  5,  6.] 

Logan's  family  &c. — Cresap's  party  had  killed  an 
Indian  at  mouth  of  Capteen,  the  day  before  the  affair 
at  Baker's — &  also  one  killd.  in  canoe  above  Wheeling. 
Greathouse  &  his  party  from  Cross  Creek,  thinking 
the  war  now  broke  out,  went  to  Bakers,  concealed 
themselves,  &  engaged  Baker  to  get  the  Indians  drunk 
— one  of  whom  got  drunk,  took  down  a  military  coat 
&  put  it  on,  swaggering  around  swearing  "I  am  white 
man,"  when  John  Sappington  shot  him.  Then  the 
I'nds.  dropped  down  in  canoes  to  see  wht.  was  done 
when  Greathouse's  party  shot  in  &  killed  at  least  one. 
Then  killed  others  in  camp,  Logan's  sister  etc. 


[Recollections  of  George  Edgington  of  West  Liberty,  Pa.,  re 
lated  to  Dr.  Draper  in  1845.    28,  book  3,  p.  34.] 

Dunmore's  War. — On  the  Town'  Fork  of  Yellow 
Creek,  where  the  Indian  town  was,  a  small  one ;  and 
they  concluded  to  move  Elsewhere  down  the  river, 
stopped  at  Baker's,  drank.  Mrs.  Baker  told  Danl. 
Greathouse  that  a  squaw  told  her  (in  a  drunken  fit) 
that  the  Indians  intended  to  murder  Baker's  family 
before  leaving.  Greathouse  went  &  raised  a  party  of 
abt.  30  men,  George  Cox,  Edward  King  &  others  & 
went  to  Baker's  ;  there  an  Indian  [Logan's  brother. — 
L.  C.  D.]  was  drinking  &  strutting  around  in  a  mili 
tary  coat,  some  one  shot  him,  &  King  then  stabbed 


OUTBREAK  OF  WAR  17 

him  while  in  the  agonies  of  death,  saying  "Many  a 
deer  have  I  served  in  this  way."  Then  killed  another 
Indian  there;  &  two  squaws — the  two  latter  shot  by 
Danl.  Greathouse  &  John  Sappington.  One  of  the 
squaws  had  a  child,  which  was  saved  &  sent  to  Col. 
Gibson  as  its  father.  Twelve  Indians  were  killed  in 
all.  Greathouse  died  of  the  measles  the  following 
year. 


[Recollections   of   Capt.   Michael   Myers,27   Newburgh,   Ohio, 

given  to  Dr.  Draper  February  25  and  26,  1850. 

48132-134.] 

In  the  Spring  of  1774,  Mr.  Myers  was  residing  on 
Pigeon  Creek,28  in  now  Washington  Co.  Pa.  &  was 
called  out  to  guard  the  frontier,  with  others,  to  the 
Greathouse  Settlement  at  Baker's  Bottom. 

Two  men  came  there,  who  wished  to  cross  the  Ohio 
to  Yellow  Creek,  &  desired  a  pilot,  &  engaged  Mr. 
Myers  to  go  over  with  them.  They  swam  over  their 
horse  beside  the  canoe,  &  went  two  or  3  miles  up  on 
the  western  side  or  bank  of  Yellow  Creek.  Their  ob 
ject  was  to  examine  land.  It  was  near  night,  &  con 
cluded  to  stop,  spanseled  out  the  horse,  &  prepared  to 
camp.  The  horse  feeding,  rambled  over  a  rise  of 
ground  about  300  yards  distant ;  &  soon  after,  hearing 
the  bell  on  the  horse  rattling  rather  violently,  Myers 
and  the  men  picked  up  their  guns  &  went  to  see  what 
it  meant:  and  when  within  40  yards,  Myers  discov- 


27  Captain  Myers  was  born  in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Va.,  about 
1753-     He  is  a  man  of  great  respectability,  for  many  years  a 
justice  of  the  peace. — L.  C.  D. 

28  An  affluent  of  the  Monongahela,  below  Brownsville. — ED 

2 


18  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

ered  an  Indian  in  the  act  of  unspanselling  the  horse, 
who  was  rather  restive  (running  round  towards  the 
camp  of  his  white  masters)  not  seeming  to  like  his 
new  visitor.  The  Indian's  gun  was  lying  on  the 
ground  near  by.  Myers  drew  up  &  shot  the  Indian 
who  fell  over,  as  if  dead.  It  was  now  near  sun-down. 
Presently — in  a  few  minutes — Myers  discovered 
another  Indian  approach  with  a  gun  in  his  hand,  who 
had  been  attracted  thither  by  the  report  of  Myers'  shot ; 
&  when  about  30  yards  from  Myers,  looking  down  the 
hill  at  the  dead  fallen  or  wounded  Indian,  as  if  in 
astonishment,  Myers  having  reloaded  immediately 
after  his  former  shot,  now  fired,  &  this  second  Indian 
also  fell,  whether  dead  or  not,  Myers  did  not  wait  to 
see.29  The  Indian  camp  was  only  about  a  hundred 
yards  off,  with  a  large  number  of  deer  &  bear  skins 
presented  to  view.  By  this  time  the  two  white  men 
had  got  their  horse  &  ran  off ;  &  when  Myers  reached 
the  river,  the  men  were  partly  over  in  the  boat  with 
their  horse  swimming  beside,  &  would  not  consent  to 
return.  Myers  hurried  up  the  river  to  a  spot  where 
he  could  ford  it,  &  thus  got  over.30 

Next  morning  an  Indian  came  to  inquire  who  shot 
the  two  Indians  the  day  before ;  and  some  of  the  party 
stationed  there  (about  30,  Mr.  Myers  thinks)  killed 


29  If  this  evidence  may  be  taken,  then  we  have  the  prompting 
cause  of  the  Indians'  design   to  destroy  Baker's   family,  as 
divulged  by  the  squaw.     *     *     *     I  doubt  not  the  Indians  at 
Yellow  Creek  heard  of  it  (the  Cresap  attack)  during  the  30th 
of  April,    *    *    *    and  hence  while  in  their  cups,  they  might 
well  be  angry. — L.  C.  D. 

30  Mr.   N.   B.   Craig  adds,  he  learned   from   Mr.   Sloane  of 
Newburgh,  that  the   spot  indicated  by  Myers  where  he  shot 
the  two  Indians,  is  about  2  miles  up  Yellow  Creek  at  a  place 
known  as  the  Diamond  Rocks. — L.  C.  D. 


SCOUTS  RETURN  19 

this  Indian.  Myers,  however,  did  not  participate  in 
this  murder.  The  same  day,  or  the  next,  as  Myers 
thinks,  a  large  "dug-out"  came  over  a  few  rods  below 
the  mouth  of  Yellow  Creek.  Greathouse's  party,  and 
Myers  with  the  rest,  some  30  or  40,  were  posted  along 
the  Southern  bank  of  the  river  behind  trees  &  bushes, 
&  logs,  &  as  the  Indian  canoe  came  within  5  or  6  rods 
(Myers  says  he  thinks  nearer)  of  shore,  they  fired 
upon  the  Indians  as  directed  by  their  Captain  (Great- 
house),  the  Indians  had  guns  with  them,  [he]  thinks 
all  of  them  were  shot  (&  erroneously  supposes  there 
were  some  30  of  them.)31 

The  remainder  of  this  Indian  party,  who  did  not 
attempt  to  come  over,  went  down  the  river  to  Wheel 
ing  &  there  got  attacked. 

Sappington  lived  a  little  below  Greathouse's;  Geo. 
Cox  was  a  large  man  and  well  known  to  Myers. 

Mr.  Myers  was  not  out  with  McDonald,  Dunmore 
nor  Lewis  in  1774. 


SCOUTS  RETURN;  VIRGINIA  BOUNDARY 

[Capt.  William  Russell  to  Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ23-] 

DEAR  COLO. — Upon  my  return  from  Williamsburg, 
finding  the  upper  Settlers  on  Clinch  River  had  totally 


81 1  am  at  a  loss  what  confidence  Myers's  statement  is  de 
serving;  on  the  whole,  I  rather  think  I  should  not  like  fully 
to  adopt  it.  *  *  *  I  do  not  think  Myers  means  to  deceive, 
but  from  his  old  age,  and  long  familiarity  with  the  Yellow 
Creek  affair,  he  has,  I  suspect,  blended  some  subsequent  inci 
dent  with  it.  It  seems  to  me  that  he  was  one  of  Greathouse's 
party  and  aided  in  firing  upon  the  canoes. — L.  C.  D. 


20  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Evacuated  their  Plantations;  I  thought  it  my  Duty, 
agreeable  to  your  Instructions,  to  employ  four  Men, 
as  Runners,  in  the  service  of  the  Country ;  in  hopes 
thereby  to  prevail  on  the  remainder  of  the  Inhabitants 
to  desist  from  so  Ruinous  an  undertaking:  Accord 
ingly,  I  dispatched  them,  giving  them  such  Instruc 
tions,  as  I  thought  wood  most  likely  direct  them,  to 
intercept  the  March  of  any  parties  of  Indians  that 
might  be  comeing  in,  to  annoy  the  Inhabitants,  of  either 
Holston  or  Clinch  Rivers.  As  it  may  be  found  con- 
veniant,  to  take  with  you  those  Instructions  to  Will- 
iamsburg,  I  have  inclosed  for  your  satisfaction  a 
Copy.32  The  Runners  returned  the  6th  of  this  Instant 
haveing  faithfully  (I  believe)  performed  the  Service, 
both  as  Scouts,  and  in  regard  to  the  boundary  Line; 
and  made  the  Report  upon  Oath ;  which  I  have  also 
inclosed  that  it  may  be  laid  before  the  Assembly  Im 
mediately.  As  the  Report  is  upon  Oath,  I  think  it  will 
Admit  of  no  doubt  hereafter,  that  it  is  Louisa  River,33 
which  [is]  the  boundary  Line  between  the  Cherrokees, 
and  Virginia  Terminateson ;  as  it  may  make  a  wide 
difference  respecting  the  Entrys  made,  below  the 
Louisa,  and  above;  the  Information  at  this  Time, 
may  be  extreemly  usefull  especially:  as  the  dispute 
may  be  Immediately  Adjusted  before  the  Governor, 
Council,  and  House  of  Burgeses,  and  thereby  know 
whether  Patents  may  be  obtained  by  the  Officers  below 
with  the  same  Legallity,  as  above  if  not,  it  will 
afford  such  Gentlemen  time,  and  Opportunity  e'er  it 


32  See  ante,  p.  4. — ED. 

33  The  Kentucky  River,  first  called  Louisa  by  Dr.  Thomas 
Walker  in  1750.     For   note   on   the   boundary   line,  see  ante, 
p.  5.— ED. 


SCOUTS  RETURN  21 

be  too  late,  to  remove  their  Entrys,  at  the  expence  of 
a  Surveyors  fee  Extraordinary :  from  so  considerable 
an  advantage  I  hope  such  Interested  Gentlemen  will, 
exert  themselves,  to  have  the  Runners  pay  Levyd  for 
them  Immediately,  otherways  the  poor  fellows  must 
suffer  by  the  Service. 

None  but  Men  greatly  to  be  depended  on,  wood  have 
perform'd  this  Service  to  satisfaction ;  therefore  I 
thought  It  most  prudent  to  engage  Persons  of  some 
Veracity,  who,  were  oblige  to  hire  others  to  work  their 
Plantations  till  their  return.  I  hope  you  will  have 
great  Time  to  go  to  the  Assembly,  your  selfe,  which 
I  sinceerly  hope  may  be  conveniant  for  You ;  as  your 
Personal  appearance  will  (at  this  favourable  Juncture) 
Enable  You  to  have  things  set  in  Order,  of  the  greates 
Importance  to  all  the  Claiments  on  Ohio.  I  wood  Sir 
with  the  greates  pleasure  have  waited  on  you,  with 
the  Report;  but  as  my  Wife  has  been  Extreemly 
Indisposed,  ever  since  my  return  from  Wms.burg,  I 
flatter  my  selfe,  thro'  your  goodness,  the  excuse  will 
pardon  me. 

If  Mr  John  May34  has  not  gone  to  Williamsburg 
before  You,  request  your  good  Office  to  serve  me,  in 
applying  for  my  Warrant  with  Mr.  May,  and  should 
You  think  it  necessary,  I  was  favoured  with  Colo. 
Byrds35  kind  promise  to  wait  on  the  Governor  for  me, 


34  Of   a   prominent   Virginia   family,   John   May   became    a 
Kentucky  pioneer,  taking  up  the  land  on  which   May's   Lick 
and  Maysville  were  located,  in  Mason  County  of  that  state. 
He  was  killed  by  Indians    (1790)   while  descending  the  Ohio 
River. — ED. 

35  Col.  William  Byrd  of  Westover,  third  of  the  name,  was 
born  in  1728,  served  in  the  French  and  Indian  War,  and  died 
in  1777.— ED. 


22  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

to  obtain  it.  The  Messenger  is  waiting  to  convey  this 
to  Capt.  Campbells,  to  be  forwarded;  therefore  hope 
you'l  excuse  haste:  after  Tendering  my  Compliments 
to  your  Lady: 

Subscribe  my  selfe  Dr.  Colo,  your  Real  Friend,  and 
most  Obedt.  Humb.  Servt. 

W.  RUSSELL. 

May  the  7th.  1774. 


NEWS  OF  THE  SURVEYORS 

[Letter  of  Alexander  Spottswood  DandrHge  to  Col.  William 
Preston.    3QQ26.] 

May  ye  is«i.  1774 

Dr  SIR — I  make  no  doubt  but  you'l  be  much  Sur 
prised  at  the  News  of  my  Speedy  return  from  the 
Ohio,36  the  cause  of  which  was  the  meeting  of  one 
Lawrence  Darnold  an  experienced  woodsman  of  good 
reputation  &  extreemly  well  acquainted  with  the  Lands 
upon  the  Ohio  him  I  thought  a  proper  person  to 
entrust  the  locating  of  my  Lands  to  &  having  so  done 
&  being  mindfull  of  my  business  in  Hanover,  with 
three  other  Gentlemen  from  Frederick  County  I 
parted  with  my  Company  which  had  increased  to  the 
Number  of  thirty  three  on  the  twenty  seventh  day  of 
April  on  the  little  Giandott  about  thirty  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  New  River37  &  made  the  best  of  my  way 
home.  Nothing  worth  mentioning  happened  to  us 


86  See  letter  of  Floyd,  ante,  p.  7.— ED. 

37  The  Kanawha  was  frequently  called  New  River,  from  its 
principal  tributary. — ED. 


NEWS  OF  THE  SURVEYORS  23 

upon  our  Journey  to  the  Ohio  saving  overtaking  Han 
cock  Taylor  &  Seven  others  about  20  miles  from  the 
New  River  where  we  dug  canoes  and  went  together 
in  the  greatest  friendship  &  harmony38  I  left  the  whole 
company  under  great  apprehensions  of  danger  from 
the  Indians,  for  the  causes  of  which  Apprehensions  I 
[refer  you]  to  Mr  Floyd's  letter  of  which  I  was  the 
beare[r]  According  to  your  instructions  Mr  Floyd 
Surveyed  for  Colo.  Washington  2000  Acres  of  Land  & 
Sent  a  platt  of  the  Same  in  a  letter  to  you  by  Thos. 
Hogg  who  after  receiving  the  same  upon  the  Ohio 
has  with  two  other  men  never  been  heard  of.  I  am 
Sorry  it  is  not  at  this  time  in  my  power  to  wait  for 
your  return  &  in  person  give  you  an  Account  of  our 
adventures  but  expect  to  be  this  way  again  in  a  Short 
time  on  my  return  to  Hanover,  in  the  meanwhile 
please  to  enter  for  me  1000  acres  of  Land  upon  Law 
rence's  Creek  abt.  five  miles  from  the  Ohio  beginning 
at  a  large  lime  stone  Spring  &  thence  down  the  Said 
Creek  I  had  almost  forgot  to  inform  you  that  it  is 
the  desire  of  the  Surveyors  that  you'd  Send  for  their 
horses  from  Green  Briar  they  are  at  the  house  of  Jas. 
Davis  on  Muddy  Creek  in  the  Care  of  Jas.  Campbell 
who  expects  2O/  for  taken  care  of  them.  I'll  reserve 


38  Hancock  Taylor  was  brother  of  Richard,  a  pioneer  set 
tler  of  Kentucky,  father  of  the  president  Zachary  Taylor.  In 
1769  he  accompanied  a  party  of  explorers  to  the  Falls  of  the 
Ohio,  and  thence  they  floated  to  New  Orleans,  returning  by 
sea.  In  1773  Taylor  surveyed  in  Kentucky,  accompanying  the 
McAfees  and  Captain  Bullitt.  He  was  the  leader  of  one 
division  of  the  surveying  party  sent  out  in  the  spring  of  1774 
by  Colonel  Preston,  but  was  shot  by  the  Indians  and  died 
upon  Taylor's  Fork  of  Silver  Creek,  Madison  County. — ED, 


24  D  UN M ORE'S  WAR 

the  rest  of  the  News  untill  I  see  you  &  in  the  mean 
time  Sign  myself 

yr.  mot.  Obd.  Humble  Servt. 

.    SPOTSd.  DANDRIDGS39 


[Extract  from  a  letter  of  Col.  William  Preston  to  Col.  George 
Washington,  dated  Fincastle,  May  27th,  1774.     15879.] 

Agreeable  to  my  promise,  I  directed  Mr.  Floyd,  an 
assistant  to  survey  your  land  on  Cole  river40  on  his 
way  to  the  Ohio,  which  he  did,  &  in  a  few  days  after 
wards  sent  me  the  plat  by  Mr.  Thomas  Hogg:  Mr. 
Spotswood  Dandridge,  who  left  the  surveyors  on  the 
Ohio  after  Hogg  parted  with  them,  wrote  me  that  Mr. 
Hogg  and  two  other  men  with  him  had  never  since 
been  heard  of.  I  have  had  no  opportunity  of  writ 
ing  to  Mr.  Floyd  since ;  though  I  suppose  he  will  send 
me  the  courses  by  the  first  person  that  comes  up,  & 
so  I  shall  make  out  the  certificate  &  send  it  down. 
This  I  directed  him  to  do  when  we  parted  to  prevent 
accidents.  But  I  am  really  afraid  the  Indians  will 


39  Alexander  Spottswood,  son  of  Nathaniel  West  Dandridge, 
grandson  of  the  governor  of  Virginia  who  first  crossed  the 
Blue  Ridge  (1714),  and  a  near  relative  of  Martha  Dandridge 
Washington,  was  born  Aug.  I,  1753,  in  Hanover  County,  Vir 
ginia.    He  received  the  best  education  possible  at  the  time,  and 
was  a  young  man  of  great  promise  and  popularity.     He  went 
out  to  Kentucky  with  Henderson  in  1775,  when  the  Transyl 
vania  Company  made  the  Boonesborough  settlement.     On  the 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution  he  joined  the  colonial  army  and 
was  aide-de-camp  to  Washington.     About  1780,  he  married  the 
daughter   of   Col.   Adam    Stephen   in  Jefferson    County,   Va., 
where  he  died  in  1785. — ED. 

40  Coal  River  is  a  western  tributary  of  the  Kanawha,  flow 
ing  into  the  latter  a  few  miles  below  Charleston. — ED. 


PAY  FOR  SCOUTS  2$ 

hinder  them  from  doing  any  business  of  value  this 
season,  as  the  company  being  only  33,  &  daily  decreas 
ing,  were  under  the  greatest  apprehension  of  danger 
when  Mr  Dandridge  parted  with  them. 


PAY  FOR  SCOUTS 

[Col.  William  Preston  to  Capt.  Samuel  McDowell.41    3QQ27.] 

DEAR  SIR — I  take  the  Liberty  of  inclosing  to  you 
a  Certificate  to  lay  before  the  Committee  of  Claims 
for  an  Allowance. 

The  Reason  of  this  Service  was,  when  Capt.  Russell 
returned  to  Clinch  in  April  he  found  that  many  Fami 
lies  had  deserted  their  Plant  [at]  ions  under  Apprehen 
sions  of  Danger  from  the  Indians.  Upon  which  he 
sent  out  the  scouts,  having  Instructions  to  do  so  if  he 
saw  it  necessary,  and  the[y]  continued  no  longer  on 
Duty  than  was  necessary  to  perform  the  Rout  he  di 
rected  them.  This  eased  the  Minds  of  the  People  who 


41  Samuel  McDowell  was  the  eldest  son  of  John,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  the  Valley  of  Virginia.  Born  in  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1735,  he  removed  to  Augusta  County  when  but  two 
years  of  age.  Five  years  later  his  father  was  killed  by  In 
dians.  The  younger  McDowell  served  in  Braddock's  cam 
paign,  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  assembly  in  1773,  and 
led  a  company  in  Lord  Dunrnore's  War.  He  represented 
Augusta  in  the  state  convention  of  1776,  and  commanded  a 
regiment  that  fought  under  Greene  at  Guilford  Court  House 
(1781),  and  in  the  campaign  against  Cornwallis.  At  the  close 
of  the  Revolution  he  removed  to  Kentucky  (1783),  and  be 
came  one  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  of  that  common 
wealth,  serving  as  judge  of  the  first  district  court,  president 
of  seven  conventions  agitating  for  statehood,  and  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  of  1792.  He  died  near  Danville 
in  1817. — ED. 


26  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

returned  to  their  Habitations  again.  Beside  their 
going  down  the  Louisa  was  rendering  a  very  neces 
sary  service  to  the  Country  as  it  had  been  greatly  dis 
puted  whether  that  River  or  Cumberland  was  the  Line 
between  Virginia  and  the  Cherrokees.  The  Hunters 
or  Settlers  can  now  have  no  Excuse  or  Plead  Ignor 
ance  in  going  over  the  Louisa  or  Infringing  on  the 
Indians  Claim. 

I  hope  you  will  use  your  Interest  to  have  their  Pay 
allowed,  and  the  rather  as  I  verily  beleive  it  to  be  Just. 
They  have  made  no  Charge  for  Provisions  Therefore 
it  is  to  be  presumed  they  found  themselves  which 
ought  also  to  be  considered.  • 

I  only  got  the  Writ  for  the  Election  last  Night  & 
have  appointed  the  loth,  of  June  for  the  Election  of  a 
Burgess  in  the  Room  of  Mr.  Doack. 

I  wish  you  Health  and  am  sir 

Your  most  hble  Servt. 


May  27tb    I774 

To  Cap*.  Samuel  McDowell  in  Williamsburg 


DANGEB  OF  INDIAN  INROADS 

[Rev.  John  Brown  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ2Q.] 

My  Dr.  Br. — After  a  fataguing  Journey  with  a  View 
to  pay  you  a  Visit  at  Smithfields,  I  had  the  mortifica 
tion  to  be  disappointed. 

******** 

I  can  asure  I  am  no  ways  satisfied  with  your  situa 
tion;  you  lay  too  much  in  the  way  of  the  Indians. 
New  Rivet  has  been  the  Course  they  came  formerly 


DANGER  OF  INROADS  29 

to  War  &  probably  will  come  you  had  need  to  be 
upon  your  watch  &  take  every  prudent  method  to  pre 
vent  a  surprize,  you  have  a  great  number  under  your 
Care  whose  dependance  for  protection  (under  God) 
is  upon  you ;  a  loving  Wife  and  a  number  of  helpless 
Children  I  think  it  wou'd  not  be  amiss  if  any  apparent 
danger  come  to  remove  them  to  some  place  of  greater 
safty.  but  in  these  thing  I  am  only  a  Tyro.  I  envy 
this  letter  because  it  has  the  place  that  I  expected  to 
have  had  in  person  but  I  hope  you  will  accept  it  with 
my  Wife's  love  to  you  &  sister  Preston  together  with 
your  dr.  Children  &  believe  me  to  be  your  affectionat 
Br.  whilest  I  am 

JOHN  BROWN42 

May  28th  1774    From  Mr  Howards 

P.   S.     The  Brakenbridge  Boys  are  well  &  Jamy 
will  make  a  good  scholar.43 


42  The   Rev.    John   Brown   was   born   in    Ireland,   came   to 
America  while  still  a  youth,  and  was  graduated  from  Prince 
ton  in  1749.     In  1753  he  was  called  to  the  charge  of  the  New 
Providence   and    Timber    Ridge    Presbyterian    congregations, 
Augusta  County,  Va.,  and  remained  pastor  of  the  former  for 
forty-four  years.     He  married  Margaret,  sister  of  Col.  Will 
iam    Preston,  with  whom    he    was    on  terms    of  affectionate 
intimacy.     His  sons  John  and  James  became  prominent  Ken- 
tuckians.     In  1796-97,  Dr.  Brown  resigned  his  pastorate,  and 
joined  his  sons  in  Kentucky,  where  he  died  in  1803. — ED. 

43  Col.   Robert  Breckenridge  of  Botetourt   County  married 
Lettice,  sister  of  Col.   William  Preston,  and  had   four  sons, 
William,   John    (ancestor   of   the   Kentucky   branch),   James, 
and  Preston.     The  reference  is  doubtless  to  the  two  younger 
sons,  whose  father  had  died  in  1772,  and  of  whom  Colonel 
Preston    acted   as    guardian.     James    was   born   in    1763,    and 
after   serving   in    the   Revolution    was   graduated    from    Wil 
liam  and  Mary   in    1785.    He    settled    in    Botetourt    County, 
where  he  practiced  law,  representing  his  district  in  the  state 
assembly  and  in  congress   (1809-17).    He  died  at  Fincastle, 
1846.— ED. 


25  DUNMORE'S  WAR 


DELAW  ABES  FRIENDLY;  SHAWNEE  ON  WARPATH 

**- 

[Contemporary    newspaper    extracts.     2jJs8-6o.] 

Extract  of  a  letter  dated  Pittsburg,  May  jo44 
I  arrived  here  last  Wednesday  with  Messrs.  Duncan 
&  Wilson,45  guarded  by  a  party  of  Delawares,46  who 
treated  us  with  great  deal  of  kindness,  &  gave  us  great 
reason  to  think  they  mean  nothing  but  peace  &  friend 
ship  from  all  their  actions.  The  Shawanese  have 
raised  20  warriors  to  strike  the  Virginians,  who  sat  off 
last  Monday.  I  fear  all  the  traders  are  killed  at  the 
Shawanese  towns,  as  there  was  a  party  of  Mingoes 
gathered  for  that  purpose.47  I  am  of  opinion  it  will 


44  Printed    in    the    Maryland    Journal,    Saturday,    June  18, 
1774.— ED. 

45  Col.    George   Wilson,   a    Scotch-Irishman   who   was   born 
in  Augusta  County,  Virginia,  had  removed  to  Westmoreland 
County,  Pa.,  after  the  French  and  Indian  War,  in  which  he 
had   served   under   Braddock.     During  the   boundary   contro 
versy  he   sided  with  the   Pennsylvania  proprietors,   and   was 
a  magistrate  for  that  colony.     In  1776,  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  8th   Pennsylvania  and  died   in   ser 
vice  in  New  Jersey  (1777). — ED. 

46  The   Delawares   were   the  original   inhabitants    of   Penn 
sylvania,  but  by  this  time  the  larger  part  of  the  tribe  had  re 
moved  to  the   Ohio   towns   on   the   Muskingum  River.     They 
were   hostiles   during  the    French   and   Indian   and    Pontiac's 
wars;  but  they  kept  the  treaty  made  with  Bouquet   (1764), 
and,  largely  through  the  efforts  of  the  Moravian  missionaries, 
took  no  part  in  the  Shawnee  outbreak  of  1774. — ED. 

47  The  Mingo  are  usually  spoken  of  as  the  "Iroquois  of  the 
Ohio,"   although   there    is   reason   to   believe   that   they   were 
originally  the  kindred  tribe  known  to  the  Dutch  as  Minquas, 
to  the  French  as  Andastes,  and  to  the  English  as   Susque- 
hannocks  or  Conestogas.     See  Shea,  in  Historical  Magazine, 
ii,  pp.  294-301.     The   tribe   were    conquered    by    the    Iroquois 
about  1675,  and  the  remnant  incorporated  in  their  league.     The 
Mingo  of  the  eighteenth  century  were  a  mongrel  race,  chiefly 
wanderers  from  the  New  York  Iroquois  stock. — ED. 


DELAWARES  AND  SHAW  NEE  29 

be  a  general  Indian  war,  though  Col.  Croghan  thinks 
the  matter  will  be  settled  in  a  short  time. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Bedford,  May  jo 
I  suppose  you  have  heard  of  the  Indians  being 
killed  at  Whaling;  since  that  time  Indian  White 
Eyes,48  Mr.  Duncan  and  Mr.  Saunderson,  who  were 
sent  down  the  river  from  Fort  Pitt,  in  order  to  ac- 
comodate  matters  with  the  Shawanese,  are  returned, 
but  had  hard  work  to  get  back;  the  Delawares,  who 
at  present  seem  to  be  friends,  had  enough  to  do  to  save 
their  lives ;  the  poor  traders  among  the  Shawanese, 
no  person  can  tell  whether  they  are  dead  or  alive.49 
White-Eyes  on  his  return  to  Fort  Pitt,  said  the  Shawa 
nese  were  for  war,  &  that  forty  odd  of  them  were  at 
present  out,  intending  a  stroke  (as  it  is  supposed)  at 
some  part  of  Virginia.  The  Delawares  say  they  will  j 
not  go  to  war,  but  there  is  no  dependance  in  them; 
we  expect  every  day  to  hear  of  their  striking  in  some  » 
quarter.  It  is  lamentable  to  see  the  multitudes  of  poor 
people  that  are  hourly  running  down  the  country; 
such  of  them  as  stay,  are  building  forts;  God  knows 


48  "Indians  being  killed  at  Whaling"  refers  to  murders  by  the 
Cresap  band,  see  ante,  pp.  n,  12.     White  Eyes,  whose  Indian 
name  was  Koquethagechton,  was  a  Delaware  chief  of  great 
bravery  and  virtue,  who  proved  a  friend  to  the  whites,  and 
restrained  his  tribe  from  hostilities  during  this  war.     For  his 
services  to  Dunmore  in  making  peace,  see  post.    After  the  out 
break  of  the  Revolution,  he  endeavored  to  maintain  neutrality, 
but  finding  it  impossible  embraced  the  American  cause  (1778). 
His  death  the  same  year  was  a  loss  to  the  frontier. — ED. 

49  For   further   account   of   this   embassy   sent   by   Croghan 
to  the  Shawnee,  see  letter  of  St.  Clair  in  Pennsylvania  Ar 
chives,  ist   series,   iv,    pp.    501-504.    The   trader    here   called 
Saunderson  is  mentioned  as  Anderson  in  the  Archives      See 
also  account  of  Duncan's  danger  and  escape,  in   St.   Clair's 
letter.— ED. 


30  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

how  it  will  turn  out  with  them.  We  intend,  as  soon 
as  we  hear  of  any  damage  being  done,  to  erect  forti 
fications  here.  The  Shawanese  themselves  say,  that 
they  have  nothing  against  Pennsylvania,  but  only  Vir 
ginia  ;  but  we  may  depend,  as  soon  as  they  strike  Vir 
ginia,  they  will  also  fall  on  us. 


SETTLEMENTS  TO  BE  DEFENDED 

[Capt    Daniel    Smith    to    Col.    William    Preston.    3QQi4Q.] 

INDIAN  CREEK  50  30th  May,  1774. 

SIR— Your  Letter  of  the  24th  Inst.  came  to  hand 
yesterday  In  consequence  of  which  I  appointed  a 
muster  I2th.  June,  which  I  thought  as  soon  as  the  men 
could  get  notice  as  they  live  much  dispers'd.  I  shall 
very  carefully  observe  the  Directions  you  gave  me, 
and  exert  myself  in  keeping  the  people  from  abandon 
ing  their  settlements,  and  trying  to  make  them  punctu 
ally  obey  orders,  In  which  case  the  amendment  in  the 
Invasion  Law,  I  judge  will  be  very  helpfull.  There 
is  a  very  great  scarcity  of  Powder  and  Lead  in  this 
part  of  the  Country,  a  Circumstance  as  alarming  as 
any  that  occurs  to  me  now.  For  should  there  be  an 
immediate  invasion,  I  believe  that  one  half  the 
people  Could  not  raise  five  Charges  of  Powder,  Altho' 
I  have  threatned  to  fine  several,  who  on  hearing  these 
threats  have  assured  me  they  knew  not  where  to  buy 


50  Indian  Creek  is  an  affluent  of  Maiden  Spring  Creek  or 
the  South  Fork  of  Clinch  River.  See  Smith's  MS.  map,  in 
this  volume. — ED 


INHABITANTS  FLEEING  31 

it.  Would  it  not  be  prudent  to  cause  a  more  imme 
diate  supply  than  what  is  expected  from  Col.  Lewis's 
orders?  I  mention  this  because  Major  Philips51  in 
forms  me  that  Capt.  Arthur  Campbell  has  by  him  a 
large  quantity  reserved  against  a  time  of  need,  and  I 
have  engaged  Mr.  Watsion  to  go  by  his  house  and  en 
quire  its  goodness  &c.  and  make  report  to  you.  I  shall 
write  you  by  every  opportunity  how  matters  stand, 
and  shall  be  obliged  to  you  for  frequent  Instructions. 
I  am  Sir  With  much  respect  Your  very  humble 
Servt. 

DAN  SMITH. 

Capt.  Russell's  Letter  is  gone  to  him  by  a  safe  hand. 
Should  he  go  to  Court  or  see  you  shortly,  please 
to  engage  him  to  call  on  me. 


INHABITANTS  FLEEING;  SURVEYOBS  IN  DANGER 

{Abraham  Kites   to  Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ35-] 

HAMPSHIRE52  June  3d.  1774 

DEAR  SIR — There  is  two  Expresses  just  arrived 
from  Pitsburgh  to  Col.  Kites  my  Father53  who  is  from 

51  Probably  the  Captain  Philips  who  was  ambuscaded  in 
this  locality  in  1763.  See  Thwaites,  Withers' s  Border  Warfare 
(Cincinnati,  1895),  p.  97,  note. — ED. 

62  Hampshire  County  was  erected  in  1753,  out  of  Frederick 
County,  and  included  the  lower  part  of  the  Valley  of  Vir 
ginia.  This  division  of  the  Kite  family  lived  near  Moore- 
field,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  present 
Hardy  County. — ED. 

88  Col.  Abraham  Hite  was  fourth  son  of  Joist  Hite,  an 
early  settler  of  the  Virginia  Valley  (1732).  He  married 
Rebecca  Van  Meter,  and  was  a  man  of  wealth  and  influ 
ence,  frequently  sent  to  the  House  of  Burgesses.  He  joined 
his  sons  in  Kentucky,  where  he  died. — ED. 


32  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

Home  at  Baltamore;  the  Purport  of  which  are,  that 
an  Indian  War  is  commenced,  and  the  out  Inhabitants 
are  all  Porting54  [or]  fleeing  in;  the  Distress  which 
the  Inhabitants  are  in  your  own  Imaginetion  will 
easily  paint  to  you. 

There  is  likewise  a  Lad,  who  is  just  come  in  that 
says  he  was  at  the  Mouth  of  the  big  Connawas  about 
six  weeks  since,  that  my  Brother55  &  the  other  sur 
veyors  were  there  with  about  thirty  Men  besides,  But 
then  were  in  great  doubt  what  to  do,  wheether  to 
proceed  down  the  River,  as  this  Lad  had  been  stoped 
by  them  [the  Indians]  and  they  declared  none  should 
[go]  down,  or  else  make  a  halt  there  to  know  the  Issue, 
they  had  not  then  heard  of  any  thing  done  above  them, 
so  that  their  situation,  I  doubt,  is  attend'd  with  the 
greatest  Hazard. 

I  am,  dear  &  respectable  Sir,  in  hast,  your  asurred 
Frend  &c. 

ABRAHAM  KITES  Junr.36 

P.  S.     This  comes  with  an  Express  to  Col.  Lewis. 
Col.  Preston. 


54  Meaning  that  they  are  building  blockhouses,  for  refuge 
from  Indian  attacks. — ED. 

55Capt.  Isaac  Hite,  who  was  with  Floyd's  surveying  party. 
See  Hanson's  Journal,  post.  He  had  been  out  with  Bullitt 
in  1773,  and  in  1775  led  a  party  to  Kentucky,  which  made 
one  of  the  first  settlements  near  Boonesborough.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  the  early  events  of  the  Kentucky  settlement, 
being  member  of  the  Transylvania  legislature,  signing  the 
protest  to  the  Virginia  assembly  (1775),  and  taking  part  in 
the  first  Kentucky  court  (1781).  Later  he  removed  to  Jef 
ferson  County,  which  became  his  permanent  home. — ED. 

50 Abraham  Hite,  jr.,  also  joined  the  Kentucky  pioneer 
movement,  going  out  with  Harrod  in  1773,  and  with  his 
brother  in  17715.  He  likewise  settled  in  Jefferson  County, 
which  he  represented  in  the  state  senate  in  1800-03. — ED. 


PLAN  OF  CAMPAIGN  35 


PLANS  FOB  DEFENSE  AND  ATTACK 

[Circular  letter  of  Lord  Dunmore,  sent  to  the  county-lieu 
tenants.    3QQ39-] 

WILLIAM  SBURG  loth  June  1774 

SIR  —  The  intelligence  which  I  have  received  from 
Fort  Pitt,  of  the  Motions  and  disposition  of  the  Indians, 
giving  me  now  good  grounds  to  believe  that  hopes  of 
a  pacification  can  be  no  longer  entertained,57  and  that 
these  People  will  by  no  means  be  diverted  from  their 
design  of  falling  upon  the  back  parts  of  this  Country 
and  Committing  alj__the  outrages  and  devastations 
which  will  be  in  their  power  to  effect,  it  is  necessary 
(the  Assembly  not  having  thought  proper  to  pay  at 
tention  to  this  Momentous  business  though  they  were 
Sufficiently  apprised  of  it58)  that  we  Should  have  re 
course  to  the  only  means  which  are  left  in  our  power 
to  extricate  ourselves  out  of  so  Calamitous  a  Situation. 
You  are  therefore  upon  the  receipt  of  this  letter 
immediately  to  give  orders  that  the  Militia  of  your 
County  be  forthwith  embodied,  and  held  in  readiness 
either  to  defend  that  part  of  the  Country  or  to  march  to 
the  Assistance  of  any  other,  as  occasion  may  require, 


67  For  the  attempts  at  pacification  made  by  the  Indian 
agents  Croghan  and  McKee,  see  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series, 
i>  PP-  475~483.  These  councils  and  messages  were  successful 
in  regard  to  the  Delawares  and  Iroquois,  but  not  for  the 
Shawnee  and  Mingo. — ED. 

58  This  was  the  Virginia  assembly  dissolved  b'y  the  gover 
nor  for  passing  resolutions  of  sympathy  with  Boston,  and 
for  appointing  the  day  the  Boston  Port  Bill  took  effect 
(June  i),  as  one  of  fasting  and  prayer.  See  Amer.  Archives. 
4th  series,  i,  p.  350.— ED. 


3^4  DUN  MO  RE'S  WAR 

and  in  General  to  exert  those  few  powers,  which  the 
Act  of  Assembly,  in  this  Case,  authorizes,  in  the  best 
manner,  according  to  your  abilities,  that  may  answer 
the  present  exigence ;  leaving  it  to  your  own  Zeal  and 
discretion  to  provide  extraordinary  means  for  any 
extraordinary  occasions  that  may  arise,  as,  if  you 
Should  find,  by  following  the  Enemy  into  their  own 
Country  and  beyond  the  limits  prescribed  in  the  Act 

„  of  Assembly  and  can  prevail  on  your  Men  to  agree  to 
it,  that  it  would  be  an  opportunity  of  Stricking  Such  a 
Stroke  as  might  prove  decisive,  I  cannot  but  Suppose 

-  the  Necessity  of  it  would  Justify  you  with  your  Coun 
try,  and  the  benefit  accruing  from  it  ensure  you  their 
applause,  and  therefore  oblige  the  Assembly  to  in 
demnify  you ;  but  this  however  I  can  only  recommend 
to  your  own  Judgment  to  do  as  you  shall  think  best, 
as  people  will  be  more  apt  to  determine  the  merit  of 
such  a  Measure  by  the  event  than  by  the  reasons- which 
induced  you  to  adopt  it,  and  it  exceeds  the  Authority 
which  I  have  to  vest  you  with. 

I  also  recommend  to  your  own  Judgment,  whether 
you  Should  not  employ  your  men  to  erect  Small  Forts 
in  Such  places  as  would  Serve  best  to  protect  the 
adjacent  Settlers,  to  Secure  all  important  papers,  and 
likewise  to  Cover  the  retreat  of  the  Militia  in  Case  the 
Number  of  the  Indians  should  unfortunately  make  that 
Step  at  any  time  Necessary;  it  has  been  represented 
to  me  that  a  Fort  at  the  Conflux  of  the  Great  Kanha- 
way  and  the  Ohio  would  Answer  Several  good  pur 
poses  of  this  kind,  which  however  I  must  leave  to  be 
Considered  by  you,  and  the  other  Commanding  Offi- 

bf^rs  of  the  Militia,  whose  knowledge  of  the  Country 

whicn  rnake  them  proper  Judges  of  its  expediency. 


T  ./       PLAN  OF  CAMPAIGN  M 

^wr  «M 

You  ought  to  keep  up  a  constant  Correspondence 
with  all  the  Lieutenants  and  Commanding  Officers  of 
the  adjoining  Counties,  so  as  that  you  may  be  able  to 
assist  each  other  in  the  most  effectual  and  expedetious 
Manner,  and,  if  to  answer  any  good  purpose  to  join 
your  respective  Corps  of  Militia  into  one  body. 

And  you  are  to  report  to  me  from  time  to  time  all 
your  proceedings^ 

That  the.  Country  may  be  convinced  of  my  resolu 
tion  not  to  neglecTany  thing  in  my  power  to  Serve  it, 
I  shall,  at  my  own  risque  endeavour  to  furnish  you 
with  powder  and  ball;  and  as  expedetiously  as  pos 
sible. 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  humble  Servant 

DUNMORE89 

P.  S.  If  a  Communication  was  kept  open  between 
the  Mouth  of  the  Great  Kanahaway  and  Fort  Pitt  now 
called  Fort-  Dunmore,60  it  might  effectually  protect  the 
Settlers  in  that  part  of  the  Country  and  aw€  the  In 
dians.  D. 

Colo.  William  Preston. 


69  The  letter  is  written  by  a  clerical  hand,  but  signed  by 
Dunmore. — ED. 

60  Fort  Pitt  was  evacuated  by  order  of  Gen.  Gage,  in 
October,  1772.  When  Connolly  came  out  as  Dunmore's 
agent  in  January,  1774,  he  restored  the  fort  and  re-named  it 
for  his  chief. — ED. 


36  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 


SAVAGES  OF  INDIAN  INVADERS 

[Extract  of  a  letter  from  Fort  Pitt,  dated  June  12,  I774.61 
2jJ,  book  3.  p.  60.] 

We  have  great  reason  to  be  no  longer  in  suspense 
concerning  a  war  with  the  Indians,  as  they  have  al 
ready  been  guilty  of  several  massacres;  on  Saturday, 
the  4th  inst.  were  killed  &  scalped  by  them  one  Ben 
jamin  Spear,  his  wife  &  six  children,  on  Duncard 
Creek;62  and  the  Monday  following  one  Henry  Wall, 
within  sight  of  a  fort  that  is  built  on  Muddy  Creek ; 
one  Keener,  near  the  same  place;63  and  one  Procter, 
near  Grave  Creek ;  there  was  also  one  Campbell,  lately 
from  Lancaster  county,  killed  &  scalped  at  New 
Comer's-Town  by  the  Mingoes.64 


61  This   was  published   in   the  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  June 
22,  1774.— ED. 

62  For  a  further  account  of  this  attack,  see  Amer.  Archives, 
4th  series,  i,  p.  405.     Dunkard  Creek  is  a  branch  of  Mononga- 
hela  River,  in  Greene  County,  Pa.,  so  named  because  of  its 
early  settlers,  who  were  of  the  German  sect  of  that  name. 
See  Thwaites,  Withers 's  Border  Warfare,  pp.  75-77.— ED. 

63  Muddy   Creek   is    in    Pennsylvania,   a   Western    tributary 
of  Monongahela  in  the  present  Greene   (then  part  of  West 
moreland)  County.     See   the    Washington-Crawford   Letters, 
p.  93.     This  is  to  be  distinguished  from  the  Muddy  Creek  of 
Greenbrier.     The   leader  of  the  party   ravaging   in   Pennsyl 
vania  was  undoubtedly  the   chief  Logan,   who  desisted  only 
when    he   had   taken   thirteen    scalps,    supposed   to   equal   the 
number  of  Indians  killed  at  Yellow  Creek. — ED. 

64  Grave  Creek,   in   Marshall   County,  West  Va.,   with  the 
town  of  Moundsville  at  its  mouth,  takes  its  name  from  the 
"Big   Grave" — a  pre-historic   Indian   mound   in    the   vicinity. 

Newcomerstown,  or  Gekelemupechunk,  was  the  capital  of 
the  Delaware  tribe  on  the  Muskingum.  It  was  north  of 
Tuscarawas  Creek,  a  short  distance  from  the  present  Ohio 
town  of  that  name.  In  1771,  when  visited  by  the  Moravian 
missionary  Zeisberger,  it  contained  a  hundred  log  houses; 


INDIAN  FORAYS 


[Extract  from  a  letter  dated  Pittsburg,  June  13,  1774. 
2jJ6i.]« 

This  morning  we  received  certain  accounts  from  a 
place  called  Ten  Mile  Creek,  above  Red  Stone,  that 
the  Indians  killed  &  scalped  one  Francis  McQure,  who 
formerly  lived  at  Weilin  [Wheeling]  Creek,  down  the 
river,  &  shot  one  Samuel  Kinkade  through  the  arm, 
but  he  got  away.66 


FRONTIER  MOVEMENTS 

[Synopsis  of  letter  of  Lord  Dunmore  to  Capt.  John  Connolly, 
in  Amer.   Archives,  4th  series,   i,  p.  473.] 

WILLIAM  SBURG,  June  20,  1774. 

Entirely  approves  of  plan  of  building  fort  at  Wheel 
ing,  and  of  marching  to  Shawnee  towns,  if  he  has  suf 
ficient  force.  Hopes  he  will  prevail  on  well-affected 
Delawares  and  Mingo  to  remove  from  the  Shawnee. 
Necessary  for  Connolly  to  remain  at  Fort  Dunmore, 
Capt.  William  Crawford,  a  prudent,  resolute  officer, 


but  in  1775  the  majority  of  its  inhabitants  had  removed  to 
the  present  site  of  Coshocton. 

For  another  mention  of  these  attacks,  see  Penna.  Archives, 
iv,  p.  513-— ED. 

65  This  was  printed  in  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  June  29, 
1774.— ED. 

66  This  was  a  militia  company  sent  out  in  pursuit  of  Lo 
gan's   raiding-party,   commanded   by   Captain   McClure,   with 
Kinkead    as    lieutenant.      Ten    Mile    Creek    is    in    Greene 
County,   Pa.,   a   western   affluent   of   the   Monongahela.     For 
further  reports  see  American  Archives,  i,  pp.  435,  471 ;  Penna. 
Archives,   iv,  pp.   517,   519.     In   the    latter   account    St.    Clair 
says  that  Connolly  abandoned  an  intended  expedition  down 
the  Ohio,  to  the  Indian  towns,  because  of  this  accident. — ED. 


38  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

may  be  sent  to  co-operate  with  Lewis,  or  to  strike  a 
stroke  himself.  Recommends  making  prisoners  of 
Indian  women  and  children,  and  that  no  terms  be 
given  unless  six  hostages  are  furnished. 


CHEROKEE  INDIAN  KILLED 

[Letter  of  Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston. 
3QQ40.]67 

SIR  —  Since  the  rash  action  of  killing  a  Cherokee 
on  Wattaugo,68  the  lower  settlement  on  this,  and 
Clynch  Rivers,  is  greatly  alarmed,  some  preparing  to 
move  off :  and  indeed  from  the  behaviour  of  the  Squa 
&  Indian  fellow,  that  was  in  Company  with  the  one 
that  was  killed ;  we  may  expect  a  reprisal  will  be  made 
shortly,  if  there  is  not  some  Men  sent  to  cover  the  In 
habitants,  until  the  matter  can  be  made  up  with  the 
Chiefs.  I  imagine  a  Letter  from  Colo.  Lewis  (as  he  is 
an  old  acquaintance  and  it  is  a  relation  of  old  Outas- 
satus69  that  is  killed  called  Billey)  would  be  of  service 


67 Letter  undated,  about  June  20,  1774. — L.  C.  D. 

68  An  eastern  affluent  of  the  Holston.  Watauga  River, 
whose  upper  waters  pierce  Yellow  Mountains  and  form  a 
pass  from  North  Carolina,  was  the  site  of  one  of  the  earliest 
settlements  on  the  upper  Tennessee,  Robertson  building  a 
cabin  thereon  in  1770. — ED. 

68  Colonel  Lewis  had  had  long  experience  in  frontier  war 
fare,  and  had  accompanied  Colonel  Byrd  on  his  expedition 
against  the  Cherokee  in  1761. 

Campbell  probably  refers  here  to  the  great  Cherokee  chief 
usually  called  Oconastota.  He  had  visited  England  in  1730 
when  quite  a  youth.  In  1738  he  was  chosen  head-chief  of 
the  tribe,  with  his  seat  at  Chota,  on  Tellico  River.  He  led 
the  attacks  upon  the  English  forts  during  the  French  and 
Indian  War;  but  after  making  peace,  remained  the  friend 


CHEROKEE  KILLED  39 

at  this  time;  at  least  might  prolong  an  invasion  until 
we  are  better  prepared.  One  Crabtree  is  generally 
suspected  to  be  the  Principal,  in  the  late  dispatching  of 
Cherokee  Billey.  However  let  the  consequence  of  the 
affair  be  what  it  will,  I  am  persuaded  it  would  be  easier 
to  find  200  Men  to  screen  him  from  the  Law,  than  ten 
to  bring  him  to  Justice ;  Crabtrees  different  robberies, 
the  Murder  of  Russell,  Boons;  &  Drakes  Sons  is  in 
every  ones  mouth. 
I  am  Sir 

your  mo.  Obedient  Servt. 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU,™ 


of  the  English,  who  used  his  attachment  for  them  to  per 
suade  him  to  harry  the  border  during  the  American  Revolu 
tion.  He  made  the  treaty  with  the  Transylvania  Company 
(i775)  ;  but  about  1778  was  deposed  in  favor  of  a  more 
peaceable  chief.  He  is  said  to  have  been  still  living  in  1809, 
a  victim  of  strong  drink,  and  a  sad  example  of  fallen  great 
ness. — ED. 

70 Arthur  Campbell  was  born  in  Augusta  County  in  1743, 
son  of  David,  one  of  the  earliest  Scotch-Irish  settlers  of  this 
region.     When  a  boy  of  fifteen  he  was  captured  ne-  r  Dicken- 
son's  Fort  by  Northwestern  Indians,  carried  to  their  towns  * 
on  Lake  Erie,  and  after  three  years'  captivity  succeeded   in  -W   t " 
escaping  to  the   British   army.     His    return   to   Virginia   waVW-»  £  U  S 
hailed  with  great  joy,  and  the  state  allowed  him  for  his  ser-    ' 
vices  as  guide   1000  acres,   which  were  surveyed  in   1774  on  '    ! 
Beargrass  Creek,  near  Louisville,  Ky.    See  Hanson's  Jour 
nal,  post.     In    1665   his   father   purchased   the   "Royal   Oak" 
estate    on    the^Middle  Fork  of   Holston,   in    what  is  now 
Smyth    County.     Here   young   Campbell    built   the   first   mill    *    , 
in  the  vicinity    (1770),  and    upon  the  erection   of  Fincastle 
County  (1772^  was   chosen   justice   of  the  peace,   and   soon 
thereafter  ..major  of  the  militia.    As  one  of  the  most  prominent 
men  of  southwest  Virginia,  he  took  part  in  all  stirring  bor 
der  events.    In  1775  he  represented  his  county  in  the  Vir 
ginia    assembly;    in    1776    was   chosen    county   lieutenant    for 
the    newly-erected    Washington    County — an    office    held    for 
over   thirty   years.     In    1780,    he    conducted    a   brilliant    cam 
paign   against  the  Cherokee    but  resigned  the  leadership   'n 
the  King's  Mountain  expedition   (1780)    to  his  cousin,  Gen. 


40  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ4I.] 

ROYAL  OAKTI  June  22d.  1774 

SIR — Yesterday  I  received  your  Letter  with  the 
two  inclosed.  This  morning  I  had  a  favourable  op- 
pertunity  to  send  them  to  Wattago;  and  from  thence 
I  have  reason  to  expect  a  speedy  conveyance  to  the 
nation  As  I  had  some  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Cam 
eron,  I  took  the  liberty  to  write  to  him,  on  the  same 
subject  :72  mentioning  briefly  the  late  murder  on  Wat 
tago;  and  what  degree  of  detestation  it  is  held  in,  by 
the  sober  minded,  in  this  Country;  I  alsp_. enlarged 
fully  on  the  provocations  we  received  last  Fall;  tak 
ing  the  liberty  at_t_he_same  time  to  blame  his  conduct, 
for  giving  Orders,  for  robberies,  on  the  Indian  Lands 
whereby,  perhaps  the  profligate  part  of  the  nation,  is 
both  our  Judges,  and  executioners. 

Nothwithstanding  these  earnest  endeavours,  to  pre 
vent  a  calamity,  that  may  be  very  destructive  to  us; 
It  appears  that  Crabtree,  and  a  few  mislead  followers, 


William  Campbell.  The  following  year,  he  became  involved 
in  a  movement  for  a  new  state,  and  joined  Sevier  in  the 
Franklin  episode.  For  this  he  was  removed  from  office  by 
Gov.  Patrick  Henry,  but  reinstated  by  the  legislature,  and 
endorsed  by  the  suffrages  of  the  people.  A  man  of  much 
ability,  with  marked  literarv  tastes,  and  a  natural  leader  of 
men,  his  imperious  and  hasty  temper  made  him  many  ene 
mies.  In  the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  joined  his  sons  in 
Kentucky,  and  died  near  Middlesborough  in  1811. — ED. 

71  The  home  of  Arthur  Campbell,  near  the  present  Marion, 
Va.— ED. 

72 Alexander  Cameron  was  a  Scotchman  who  had  married 
a  Cherokee  wife.  Living  in  the  middle  towns  of  that  tribe, 
he  had  acquired  a  large  influence  over  them.  He  was 
deputy  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs  for  the  southern  dis 
trict,  and  during  the  Revolution  incited  attacks  upon  the 
borders,  in  favor  of  the  British. — ED. 


CHEROKEE  KILLED  41 

will  frustrate  all  we  can  do.  Last  Week  he  returned 
from  an  adventure  over,  at  Nola-Chuckee,  to  one 
Browns73  (a  Smith  that  Works  for  the  Cherokees) 
as  he  was  informed,  before  he  left  Holston,  that  there 
was  2  or  3  Indians  there  a  hunting  However  our 
Hero,  was  disappointed  in  his  expectations;  for  in 
stead  of  finding,  two,  or  three,  defenceless  wretches  he 
was  informed  of  37  Warriors  being  in  the  Neighbour 
hood,  who  were  apprized  of  his  intentions ;  and  would 
not  fail  to  examine  Strangers,  strictly ;  upon  this  in 
telligence,  he  departed  the  place,  with  precipitation, 
and  came  up  to  his  Fathers  at  the  Big  Lick.74  Yet 
still  restless  he  went  down  the  River  a  few  days  ago 
to  make  another  attempt. 

Since  the  alarm  on  Copper  Creek,75 1  think,  the  most 
of  people  seem  to  disapprove  Crabtrees'  conduct :  They 
were  ready  enough  then;  to  ascribe  that  supposed 
Murder,  to  his  doings ;  however  inconsistant  they  were 
before  in  avowing,  they  would  screen  him  from  Jus 
tice. 

I  shall  esteem  it  my  Duty  to  transmit  to  you  an  ac 
count  of  any  true  alarm,  that  may  happen ;  and  please 
favour  me  with  the  like  account,  if  the  War  has  actu 
ally  broke  out  to  the  Northward. 


78Nolichucky  River  is  an  eastern  affluent  of  the  Holston, 
in  northeastern  Tennessee.  The  first  cabin  built  on  this 
stream  was  that  of  Jacob  Brown,  who  in  1771  crossed  the 
mountains  to  this  valley.  He  had  a  considerable  influence 
with  the  Indians,  from  whom  he  made  a  large  purchase  of 
lands  in  1772. — ED. 

74  Big  Lick  was  on  the  North  Fork  of  Holston,  in  the  pres 
ent  Washington  County.  Virginia,  on  the  road  to  the  Clinch 
River  settlements.  See  Smith's  MS.  map. — ED. 

78  Copper  Creek  is  an  eastern  tributary  of  the  Clinch,  in 
southwestern  Virginia. — ED. 


42  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

I  am  very  uneasy  about  my  Friend  Floyd,  as  my 
night  tho't  of  him  seems  to  presage  his  fate:  I  hope 
he  is  only  in  Danger 

I  am  Sir  Your  Obedient  Humble  Servt 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 


PLAN  FOR  FORT  AT  MOUTH  OF  KANAWHA 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ42.] 

DuNKARD-BorroM78  Wednesday  morning  22<*.  June  74 
SIR — I  received  your  letter  yesterday  with  the  ex 
tract  from  Connellys  letter  in  which  he  observes  that 
a  party  of  Shawnese  were  gone  out  against  the  Inhabi 
tants  ;77  that  in  intelligence  from  the  Shawnese  must 
have  been  near  a  month  ago  and  of  course  if  true  they 
must  have  made  the  stroke  by  this  time.  As  that  is 
not  the  case  it  seems  more  probable  to  me  that  the 


76  Colonel  Christian's  home  in  the  present  Pulaski  County, 
on  the  west  side  of  New   River.    A  fort  was  built  at  this 
place  in  1755. — ED. 

77  Dr.  John  Connolly  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa., 
about  1750.     He  was  well  connected,  and  married  a  daughter 
of  Samuel  Semple,  a  noted  Pittsburg  lawyer.     In  1774  Lord 
Dunmore  chose  Connolly  as  his  agent.   The  latter  is  accused  of 
fomenting  the  boundary  dispute  between  Virginia  and  Penn 
sylvania,  and  of  bringing  on  the  border  troubles  with  the 
Indians.    At  the  rupture  between  England  and  the  colonies, 
Connolly  adhered  to  the  former.    He  was  arrested  in  Mary 
land    (early    in    1775)    anci    relieved    of   treasonable    corres 
pondence.     After    that   he   was   kept   a   prisoner   until    1781, 
when  escaping  to  Canada  he  plotted  a  descent  upon  Pitts- 
burg,  and  the  next  year  led  a  force  which  destroyed  Hannas- 
town.     Later    (1788-89),    he    wr      roncerned    in    English    in 
trigues  to  capture  New  Orleans,  and  visited  Kentucky  with 
that   purpose;   but   was   recognized,   and   expelled   from   the 
country. — ED. 


FORT  AT  KAN  AW  HA 


43 


Enemy  would  wait  the  resolutions  of  the  grand  coun 
cil  which  was  to  be  held ;  And  I  confess  I  still  think 
the  Surveyors  safe  until  some  of  them  comes  in,  they 
would  not  all  be  killed  if  fallen  on.  I  had  thoughts  of 
writing  to  Capt  Thompson,  or  Capt.  W.  Campble78 
whose  Company  he  is  in  to  encourage  Crabtree  to  go  in 
search  of  the  Surveyors,  and  if  he  did  that  business 
well,  it  might  serve  to  atone  for  his  guilt  in  killing  the 
Cherokee  but  I  was  afraid  to  do  it  without  having  your 
consent.  When  the  News  of  the  peoples  being  killed 
at  Copper  creek  proved  false  several  of  the  militia  were 
assembled  to  go  over  there,  and  it  was  said  they  were 
sorry,  exceedingly  so,  that  it  did  prove  false.  So  de 
sirous  are  some  of  them  for  an  Indian  War ;  tho  I 
cant  help  fearing  that  it  is  the  most  worthless  and  the 
men  least  to  be  depended  on. 

I  have  not  a  beast  to  ride  but  a  little  leazy  trotting 
mare  or  I  would  have  waited  on  you  to  day  my  self, 
and  being  also  uncertain  where  I  should  find  you ; 
whether  on  the  way  or  at  home.  I  observe  in  yours 
that  the  Governor  expresses  a  desire  that  a  Fort  might 


78  Capt.  James  Thompson  was  a  native  of  Augusta  County, 
being  a  grandson  of  its  first  settler,  Col.  James  Patton. 
He  early  removed  to  the  Holston,  being  in  1772  appointed 
justice  of  the  peace  and  captain  of  militia  for  the  newly-erected 
county  of  Fincastle.  He  remained  to  watch  the  frontier  dur 
ing  the  Point  Pleasant  campaign ;  but  acted  as  guard  to  Col 
onel  Christian  in  the  Cherokee  expedition  of  1776. 

William  Campbell  was  a  cousin  of  Arthur,  being  born  in 
Augusta  County,  in  1745.  In  1767  he  removed  to  the  Hol 
ston,  ^  and  in  1774  was  chosen  captain  of  a  militia  company, 
and  in  1777  lieutenant-colonel  of  Washington  County.  In 
that  capacity  he  commanded  the  troops  at  the  battle  of 
King's  Mountain,  later  served  at  Guilford,  and  died  (1781) 
in  Lafayette's  army  before  Yorktown.  For  further  details 
see  Draper,  King's  Mountain  and  its  Heroes  (Cincinnati, 
1881),  pp.  378-402.— ED. 


44  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

be  built  at  the  mouth  of  New  river,  how  that  could  be 
done  without  particular  orders  as  there  should  be  a 
large  body  of  men  &  a  method  of  finding  provisions  to 
support  them  when  there  I  dont  well  know:  But  I 
will  take  the  liberty  to  mention  some  thoughts  of  my 
own  which  I  think  would  answer  a  good  purpose  for 
some  time.  You  seem  to  signify  that  you  dont  think 
yourself  warrantable  in  ordering  out  the  Militia  unless 
we  are  actually  invaded,  that  may  be  so,  but  I  think 
you  could  sfafely  encourage  men  to  rise  and  go  out 
without  expresly  ordering  them  to  do  so.  From  what  I 
have  heard  I  think  one  100  might  be  got  in  a  few  days 
who  would  find  their  own  provisions  (&  Each  man  a 
horse)  sufficient  to  serve  2  or  3  weeks.  If  you  ap 
prove  of  the  Scheme  &  write  what  you  think  proper 
for  their  encouragement,  I  will  get  all  the  Captains 
who  you  think  could  best  spare  the  men  out  of  their 
companies  to  call  those  together  whom  they  have 
drafted,  &  see  if  they  are  willing  to  go  &  take  their 
chance  of  pay;  All  this  can  be  done  this  week  as  I 
suppose  Herbert,  Crockett,  Trigg,  &  Robertson79  would 


79  These  were  the  captains  of  militia  for  Fincastle  County. 
William  Herbert  later  went  on  the  expedition  in  command  of 
a  company  from  New  River.  He  died  in  1776.  Walter 
Crockett  belonged  to  a  family  that  early  settled  on  the  head 
waters  of  the  South  Fork  of  Holston.  He  'was  a  county 
magistrate  and  at  the  Battle  of  King's  Mountain  in  1780. 
Stephen  Trigg  was  a  prominent  Fincastle  man,  delegate  to 
the  Virginia  assembly  in  1774,  signed  the  articles  of  asso 
ciation  in  1775,  and  guarded  the  border  in  Revolutionary 
days.  In  1779  he  went  out  to  Kentucky  as  land  commis 
sioner,  erected  a  station  in  Lincoln  County,  represented  Ken 
tucky  County  in  1780,  and  was  killed  leading  his  men  to  a 
charge  at  the  Battle  of  Blue  Licks  (1782).  James  Robert 
son  was  not  the  pioneer  of  Tennessee,  but  belonged  to  the 
Augusta  family  of  that  name,  and  was  magistrate  of  Bote- 
tourt  County  in  1770,  and  of  Montgomery  1780.— ED. 


FORT  AT  KANAWHA 


45 


be  enough,  if  you  thought,  Cloyd  &  Taylor80  had  better 
not  spare  any.  Perhaps  50  would  be  enough — I  could 
find  ammunition  as  far  as  80  [Ibs]  powder  &  80  of 
lead,  which  I  would  run  the  risque  of  being  paid  for. 
Then  if  you  approved  of  it  I  would  march  down  the 
War  path  on  this  side  of  New  river,  as  far  as  the 
mouth,  and  if  any  Indians  are  coming  in,  we  would 
be  very  apt  to  meet  them,  if  any  small  Companies  were 
coming  &  see  our  Sign  they  would  not  proceed  but  im 
mediately  run  home. 

If  we  could  take  a  months  provision  we  could  stay 
some  time  about  the  Ohio  which  I  think  would  much 
alarm  the  Shawnese,  indeed  we  could  not  want  Fish  is 
so  plenty  there.  Perhaps  our  going  might  pave  the 
way  &  encourage  others  to  follow,  so  that  something 
could  be  done  towards  the  Fort  as  his  Lordship  de 
sired.  My  time  trouble  &  expense  I  will  freely  give 
as  well  as  find  ammunition.  Indeed  I  would  also  pay 
for  a  sufficient  Quantity  of  Meat  for  a  month  or  five 
weeks  if  that  would  do.  If  you  go  upwards  today  or 
to  morrow  pray  tell  the  boy  where  I  can  meet  you,  & 
I  will. 

I  really  think  I  could  get  the  men  to  go,  if  you  en 
courage  it  &  thinks  well  of  it. 

If  you  like  this  or  thinks  of  any  Scheme,  You'll 
please  to  Command  me  &  I  shall  not  loose  a  moment 


80Capt.  Joseph  Cloyd  was  one  of  a  family  settled  near 
Draper's  Meadows,  on  the  upper  waters  of  New  River,  who 
were  nearly  all  massacred  by  Indians  in  1764.  Joseph,  who 
escaped,  became  prominent  in  Fincastle  affairs,  was  field 
officer,  and  served  in  the  Revolution  as  major  of  militia, 
rescuing  Colonel  Preston  at  a  critical  moment  in  Greene's 
campaign. 

John  Taylor  settled  on  Clinch  in  1777.  In  1782,  he  was 
major  commandant  for  that  district — ED. 


46  DVNMORE'S  WAR 

in  putting  it  in  Execution.  I  sent  the  boy  to  my 
Fathers  for  the  musket,  they  had  taken  her  to  pieces  & 
oiled  her,  he  did  not  bring  her  but  I'll  send  her  to 
fields,  ( ?)  this  week,  I  would  have  sent  to  you  in  the 
night  last  night  but  feared  frightening  Mrs.  Preston. 

Farewell  WlLUAM  CHRISTIAN81 

To  Colo.  William  Preston  By  Tim 


[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ43-] 

NEW  DUBLIN82  Wednesday  n  :  OClock 
DEAR  SIR — I  came  up  a  while  ago  with  design  to 
meet  you  at  Sawyers's  today  but  my  Horse  has  such  a 
sore  back  and  sore  feet  that  I  cant  well  proceed. 

I  had  no  other  business  but  to  get  your  opinion  and 
Orders  about  the  trip  I  proposed,  in  case  it  was  ap 
proved  off,  and  thought  necessary  by  you.  So  that  I 
think  my  presence  needless,  as  you  can  issue  all  orders 
to  the  Captains  you  think  proper  above  here  tomor 
row,  or  say  nothing  about  it  as  you  judge  most  pru 
dent  ;  Whatever  you  do  will  please  me. 

I  have  not  talked  to  any  men  about  going,  but  from 
the  willingness  to  go  against  the  Indians,  that  has  ap 
peared  by  the  Mens  behaviour  in  turning  out  volun 
tarily;  I  conclude  one  hundred,  might  be  got  who 
would  take  their  chance  of  pay,  I  have  no  design  in  it 
but  to  serve  the  Inhabitants,  &  perhaps  cover  the  re 
treat  of  the  Surveyors  Could  I  save  one  life  I  should 


81  For  life  of  Col.  William  Christian,  see  post.— ED. 

82  Near  the  mouth  of  Peak  Creek,  on  New  River,  in  Mont 
gomery  County.     See  Hale,  Trans- Allegheny  Pioneers  (Cin 
cinnati,  1886),  pp.  326,  327.— ED. 


CHEROKEE  PEACEFUL  47 

think  my  self  recompensed.  Tho  I  cant  help  having 
some  distant  thoughts,  but  you  can  contrive  something 
about  the  desired  Fort.  In  one  week  a  small  one  could 
be  erected,  the  only  difficulty  that  occurs  to  me  is  to 
Occupy  it  afterwards  If  a  War  ensues  no  doubt  but 
it  would  be  approved  of. 

If  I  am  well  I  shall  be  at  Michael  prices  on  Saturday 
as  I  promised  Capt  Taylor  I  would  go  there ;  Perhaps 
I  may  see  you  on  your  way  home  in  the  evening. 

I  am  Sir  Your  Humble  Servant 

WILLIAM  CHRISTIAN 

To  Colo.  William  Preston  pr.  Mr.  Brander 


CHEBOKEE  INCLINED  TO  PEACE 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ44-] 

SIR — I  Received  yours  of  the  2Oth.  Inst.,  and  imme 
diately  afterwards  got  my  Brother  John,83  to  set  out 
down  the  River,  to  the  settlement  adjoining  the  Indian 
Line,  that  he  might  see  to  the  sending  out  the  Spy,  and 
your  Orders  in  other  respects  more  effectually  exe 
cuted,  than  could  be  done  by  Letter. 

I  have  recommended  it  to  the  Spy,  that  goes  from 
Holston,  to  go  as  far  as  the  Ford  on  Broad  River:84 
and  to  be  particularly  attentive,  to  observe  the  path,  as 


83  Capt.    John    Campbell,    a    younger    brother    of    Arthur, 
lived  near  the   latter  at   Royal  Oak.     He  served  as  a  lieu 
tenant  in  the  Point  Pleasant  campaign,  and  as  captain  at  the 
Battle   of  Long   Island   Flats    (1776).     He   was   county-clerk 
for  Washington  for  many  vears   (1779-1815). — ED. 

84  The  French   Broad,  a  large  eastern  affluent  of  Holston 
below   the    Nolichucky. — ED, 


48  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

tne[y]  go  along,  at  least,  twice  a  Day,  and  to  travel 
some  distance,  up,  and  down,  the  River,  after  they  ar 
rive  at  the  Ford.  If  this  piece  of  Duty  is  well  exe 
cuted,  I  have  reason  to  expect  we  will  have  timeous 
[timely]  notice,  to  be  prepared  to  met  a  large  Body,  if 
an  Enemy  approaches. 

From  the  expressions  of  the  Little  Carpenter,85  when 
last  on  Wattago;  and  the  behaviour  of  some  Indians, 
that  has  since  been  on  Nola-Chuckee^J  think  the  Cher- 
okees  would  willingly  avoid  a  War  with  us ";"  except 
some  repeated  affront  from  Crabtree,  provokes  them  to 
it ;  and  rather  so,  as  I  am  informed,  their  Magazine  of 
Powder  is  chiefly  damaged,  by  being  Stored  up  in 
Bags,  in  a  Cave,  or  some  such  place,  under  Ground. 
However,  it  may  be  prudent  for  us,  to  be  on  our  guard, 
as  it  may  be,  the  Seventy  that  was  to  meet  at  the 
Grand-Council,  may  return  with  some  Shawanese  in 
Company,  who  may  choose  to  take  some  Scalps  with 
them,  by  way  of  a  Declaration  of  War. 

I  have  wrote  to  Capt.  Shelby86  to  send  me  notice  im- 


85  Little  Carpenter  was  a  "half  king"— chief  of  a  large  vil 
lage — of  the  Overhill  Cherokee,  who  was  especially  favorable 
to  the  whites,  aiding  Henderson  and  Hart  on  their  expedi 
tion  to  effect  the  Watauga  purchase. — ED. 

86  Evan  Shelby  was  born  in  Wales  in  1720;  early  in  life  he 
emigrated  to  Maryland,  and  was  actively  employed  upon  the 
frontier,   going   out   under   Braddock   as    a   scout,   and   com 
manding  a  company  under  Forbes    (1758).     At  the  close  of 
the  French  and  Indian  War  he  engaged  in  Indian  trade,  and 
in  1771  removed  to  Holston,  where  he  settled  near  the  bor 
der  line  between   Virginia  and  Tennessee.     After  the   Point 
Pleasant    campaign,  in    which    he    distinguished    himself,    he 
went  put  second  in  command  to  Christian,  in  the  Cherokee 
expedition  (1776),  and  led  a  successful  raid  upon  the  Chick- 
amauga   towns    (1779).     Virginia   appointed   him    general   of 
militia;    therefore    during   the    troubles    connected    with    the 
state  of  Franklin,  the  old  frontiersmen  refused  to  join  the 


FORTS  BEING  BUILT 


49 


mediately  of  any  alarm  that  may  happen;  and  I  will 
then,  without  delay,  transmit  the  same  to  you  by  Ex 
press. 

I  expect  a  few  weeks  will  clear  up  our  Doubts,  by 
whom  we  are  to  be  attacked;  I  shall  be  very  uneasy 
until  the  Ammunition  arrives  from  Rocky  Ridge. 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  Servt 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 
June  23d   1774 


FORTS  BEING  BUILT;  BOONE  SENT  TO  WARN 
SURVEYORS 

[Capt.  William  Russell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ46.] 

DR.  COLO. — Your  favourable  Advices  Dated  the  2Oth 
of  this  Instent,  were  presented  me  Yesterday  Morning 
and  as  that  Day  was  an  appointed  Time  for  the  meet 
ing  of  my  Company,  I  had  an  opportunity,  to  lay  be 
fore  the  People,  so  much  of  your  Instructions  as  was 
necessary  for  their  Satisfaction. 

******** 

The  rest  of  my  Company  Yesterday,  Voted  two 
Forts  to  be  Immediately  built,  I  think,  in  as  convenient 
Places,  as  we  can  get ;  and  We  shall  begin  Instantly  to 
Erect  them.  I  am  sorry  to  hear  there  is  no  other  Pow 
der  to  be  had ;  but  that  sort  of  Mr.  Triggs ;  however 
being  satisfy'd,  that  yours,  and  Colo.  Christians  good 


movement  for  a  new  community.  His  home  at  King's 
Meadows  (now  Bristol,  Ten«.)  was  finally  adjudged  to  be 
on  the  North  Carolina  side  of  the  line,  and  there  he  died  in 
1794,  leaving  many  descendants,  of  whom  the  most  noted 
was  Gov.  Isaac  Shelby. — ED. 
4 


50  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

Endeavoures,  will  not  be  wanting,  to  Expedite  a  suf 
ficient  Quantity,  of  the  first  that  comes  to  Hand,  for 
our  Safety :  shall  in  the  Interim  take  the  greatest  care 
of  what  is  sent,  and  Use  my  Interest;  to  make  the 
People  easy. 

I  believe,  not  all  I  could  have  said  would  have  di 
verted  the  People  from  flying  had  not  your  Office  pro 
vided  a  Remedy :  by  satisfying  the  People,  I  might 
call  for  any  Number  of  Men  from  Holston,  whenever 
the  Service,  might  require. 

At  first  Sight  it  appeared  Strange  to  me,  to  hear  of 
the  ruinous,  and  Distressed  Situation,  the  People  ot 
Red  Stone,87  and  about  Fort  Pit  were  in ;  but  when  I 
consider  a  Combination  of,  all  the  Northern  Indians, 
together  with  the  Cherrokees;  the  Murders  they  will 
be  capable  to  perpetrate,  attended  with  a  general  Devas 
tation  of  the  Frontiers;  it  really  appears  shocking  to 
Humanity :  and  I  am  too  much  afraid  such  a  Confed 
eracy  will  be  form'd.  I  am  Sensible  good  Sir.  of  your 
Uncommon  concern  for  the  Security  of  Capt.  Floyd 
and  the  Gentlemen  with"  him,  and  I  sincerely  Sympa 
thize  with  You,  least,  they  should  fall  a  Prey,  to  such 
Inhuman,  Blood  thirsty  Devils,  as  I  have  so  lately  suf 
fered  by;  but  may  God  of  his  Infinite  Mercy,  Shield 
him,  and  Company,  from  the  present  appending  Dan^ 
ger,  and  could  we  (thro'  Providence)  be  a  means  of 
preserving  such  Valuable  Members,  by  sending  out 
Scouts,  such  a  procedure  wood  Undoubtedly  be,  of  the 
most  lasting,  and  secret  Satisfaction  to  us ;  and  the 
Country  in  general.  I  have  Engaged  to  start  Imme 
diately,  on  the  occasion,  two  of  the  best  Hands  I  could 

87  For  Red  Stone  Old  Fort,  the  site  of  the  present  Browns 
ville,  Pa.,  see  ante,  p.  12. — ED. 


FORTS  BEING  BUILT  5! 

think  of  Danl.  Boone,  and  MicEl.  Stoner;88  who  have 
Engaged  to  search  the  Country,  as  low  as  the  falls, 
and  to  return  by  way  of  Gaspers  Lick,  on  Cumber 
land,89  and  thro'  Cumberland  Gap :  so  that  by  the  as 
siduity  of  these  Men,  if  it  is  not  too  late,  I  hope  the 
Gentlemen  will  be  apprised  of  the  eminent  Danger  they 
are  Daily  in.  The  Report  prevailing  among  You,  of 
the  Family  being  kill'd  on  Copper  Creek,  is  altogether 
groundless,  as  is  that  of  three  Cherrokees  on  the  Head 
of  Clinch.  As  my  Company  is  sittled  very  remote,  I 
shall  esteem  it  a  favour  if  you  wood  appoint  a  second 
Lieutennant,  or  Ensign,  or  send  me  a  blank  Commis 
sion  for  that  purpose,  having  nothing  more  to  trou 
ble  You  with,  at  this  Time,  after  desireing  to  render 
my  best  Compliments  to  your  Lady,  beg  leave  to  sub 
scribe  my  selfe  Dr.  Colo,  yours  most  Affectionately. 

W.  RUSSELL 

CLYNCH  Sunday  June  the  26th.  1774 

88  Boone  said  he  was  sent  out  by  Lord  Dunmore,  and  relates 
his  instructions,  also  those  of  Col.  Andrew  Lewis,  at  whose 
house   he   stopped    before    setting   forth. — Draper    MSS.,   6C 
103-105.    For  the  career  of  this  pioneer,  see  Thwaites,  Daniel 
Boone   (New  York,  1902). 

Michael  Stoner  first  visited  Kentucky  in  1767,  when  he 
came  down  the  Ohio  from  Pittsburg,  proceeded  to  the  Illinois 
region,  and  as  far  south  as  the  site  of  Nashville.  In  1775  he 
went  out  with  Boone  to  the  Transylvania  settlement,  aided  in 
the  defense  of  Bopnesborough  in  1777,  where  he  was  wounded, 
and  finally  established  a  station  called  by  his  name,  in  Bour 
bon  County,  on  a  branch  of  the  Licking. — ED. 

89  Probably    Mansco's    Lick,    named    for    Kasper    Mansco 
(Mansker),  who  as  one  of  the  party  of  the  "Long  Hunters" 
visited  this  region  in   1769.     In    1772  he  discovered  the  lick, 
and  three  years  later,  on  a  hunting  excursion,  visited  it  again. 
In  1779  he  led  out  a  settlement  to  this  point,  soon  after  the 
founding  of  Nashville  by  Robertson.     Mansco's  Lick  is  in  the 
northeastern  part  of  Davidson  C  unty.     On  the  adventures  of 
this  pioneer  see  Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West,  i,  pp.  147- 
152.— ED. 


BANGING  PARTY  ORDERED  OUT 

[Col.  William  Preston  to  Col.   William  Christian.     3QQ47-] 

FORT  CHiswELL90  June  27**.  1774 

SIR  —  The  present  defenceless  Situation  of  the  Fron 
tier  Inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Fincastle  make  it 
absolutely  necessary  [to]  Raise  &  keep  on  foot  a  Num 
ber  of  Men,  to  Protect  the  Frontiers  &  annoy  the 
Enemy,  the  Neighbouring  [counties]  not  more  ex- 
pos'd  than  this  have  raised  men,  &  Lord  Dunmores 
Orders  Justifies  the  measure,  1  have  given  Orders  to 
Six  Captains  to  raise  twenty  men  out  of  each  of  their 
Companys  either  as  Volunteers  or  by  a  Draught: 
which  with  what  men  can  be  engag'd  from  other  Com 
panies,  will  make  up  the  party  one  Hundred  &  fifty 
men  besides  Officers. 

You  are  to  take  the  Command  of  this  party,  Cap 
tains  Crocket  &  Campbell  will  go  with  you  &  each  will 
have  fifty  men  beside  the  .Necessary  Officers,  the  re 
maining  fifty  will  be  under  your  Immediate  Command 
as  a  Company,  &  as  one  subaltern  will  be  enough,  I 
am  in  hopes  Ensign  William  Buchanan  will  answer 
that  purpose. 

You  will  endeavour  to  procure  ammunition  &  Pro 
visions  for  this  Service.  I  expect  a  good  many  of  the 
Soldiers  will  take  their  Horses  to  carry  the  provisions, 


90  Fort  Chiswell  was  built  (1758)  at  the  lead-mines  in  the 
present  county  of  Wythe,  by  Col.  William  Byrd,  and  named 
in  honor  of  the  owner  of  the  mines,  Col.  John  Chiswell.  At 
this  time  Fincastle  county-seat  was  located  at  this  place.  The 
fort  was  about  two  miles  south  of  the  present  town  of  Max 
Meadows.— ED. 


RANGERS  ORDERED  OUT  53 

for  which  they  ought  to  be  made  an  allowance  this 
allowance  &  the  value  of  provisions  or  whatever  else 
may  be  Necessary  for  this  Service  you  will  please  to 
have  Settled  by  two  honest  men  on  Oath ;  &  beside 
giveing  Certificates  to  the  Owners  you  will  be  pleasd. 
to  keep  a  fair  &  Just  account  of  every  article  you  re 
ceive  to  prevent  Confusion  in  adjusting  those  ac 
counts  hearafter. 

I  have  appointed  the  Soldiers  to  meet  you  at  the 
Town  House  on  Holston91  early  next  week,  from 
whence  you  are  to  begin  your  march  to  Clinch  &  from 
thence  over  Cumberland  Mountain  by  any  Gap  or 
pass  you  think  proper  that  Leades  to  the  head  branches 
of  the  Kentucky  &  there  Range  together  or  in  sepe- 
rate  parties  &  at  such  places  as  you  Judge  most  likely 
to  discover  &  repulse  the  Enemy  on  their  Approach 
to  our  Settlements,  it  is  believd.  there  is  a  large  party 
of  Cherokees  on  their  way  to  or  from  the  Shawneese 
Towns,  if  you  should  fall  in  with  this  Company  & 
knows  them  I  must  leave  it  to  your  own  Prudence  in 
what  Manner  to  treat  them,  tho  it  is  generally  Said 
that  these  Indians  are  about  [to]  Join  our  Enemies,  yet 
as  this  Report  is  not  reduced  to  a  Certainty,  I  cannot 
give  any  Particular  orders  herein,  You  will  Probably 
be  able  to  Judge  by  the  Manner  of  their  approach,  or 
other  Circumstances  that  cannot  now  be  foreseen, 
what  Indians  they  are  &  then  you  will  act  Accordingly 
but  upon  the  whole  I  would  earnestly  Recommend  the 
utmost  caution  and  Discretion  in  this  very  nice  &  Im 
portant  part  of  your  duty  Should  this  party  of  Chero- 


91  In  the  present  Smyth  County,  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  Hol 
ston. — ED. 


54  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

kees  which  is  generally  said  to  be  about  Seventy  in 
number,  come  in  a  Hostile  manner  there  is  no  doubt 
but  they  will  be  Accompanyd.  by  a  number  of  Shaw- 
nesse  or  other  Enemy  Indians  which  may  render  them 
formidable  to  your  party 

I  would  therefore  Recommend  Your  keeping  out 
some  active  Men  on  the  right  &  left,  in  the  front  & 
Rear  even  to  the  distance  of  a  mile  on  Your  march 
and  at  Camp  to  keep  out  a  proper  Number  of  Centi- 
nals,  to  prevent  a  Surprize  which  is  two  often  attended 
with  fatal  Consequences,  this  above  all  things  ought 
ever  to  be  Guarded  against,  nor  Should  this  Part  of 
the  duty  be  Neglected  or  even  Relaxed  on  any  occa 
sion  whatsoever. 

But  this  with  every  other  part  of  your  Duty  while  out 
I  must  leave  to  yourself,  only  Recommending  it  to  you 
to  Consult  your  Officers  when  there  is  Occasion,  who 
I  hope  will  not  only  be  very  alert  &  obedient  in  their 
Duty;  but  that  they  will  keep  Good  order  &  Disci 
pline  in  their  Companies  &  be  unanimous  &  Friendly 
amongst  themselves  that  every  Intention  of  Sending 
-out  the  Party  may  be  fully  answered. 

If,  on  your  Tour  there  is  any  Possibility  of  giving 
the  Surveyors  Notice  of  their  danger  (if  they  have  not 
already  fatally  felt  it)  it  would  be  rendering  an  Essen 
tial  Service  to  the  Country,  as  many  lives  thereby  may 
be  sav'd. 

Should  any  thing  extraordinary  happen,  you  are  if 
possible  to  give  me  Notice  thereof. 

You  will  keep  up  good  order  &  Discipline  amongst 
the  Officers  &  men,  who  are  hereby  Required  &  Com 
manded  to  Obey  you,  according  to  the  Militia  Laws 
now  in  force, 


RANGERS  ORDERED  OUT 


55 


As  it  is  expected  you  will  have  none  but  choice  offi 
cers  &  men  on  this  little  Expedition:  therefore  the 
Eyes  of  the  Country  will  be  upon  you :  So  that  I  have 
no  doubt  but  every  person  in  his  station  will  exert  him 
self  to  answer  the  wishes  &  expectations  of  his  Coun 
try,  and  serve  it  as  much  as  in  his  power  lies 

That  Heaven  may  give  you  Success  &  Safety  it  is 
the  Sincere  [wish] 

of  Sir  your  most  Humble  Servant 

Wm  PRESTON 

If  you  find  it  usefull  I  dare  Say  you  will  Endeavour 
to  Stay  out  a  month  or  Six  weeks 

Colo.  William  Christian 


[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.     3QQ48-] 

SAWYERS.92    Monday  Evening 

SIR — I  intend  to  go  home  to  night  if  I  can  possibly 
get  over  Peek  creek93  but  as  there  is  no  Canoe  I  doubt 
I  cant.  I  want  to  look  for  waggons,  I  find  there  is 
a  parcel  of  Men  who  would  be  Spared  very  well  along 
the  river  in  Triggs  Company.  If  I  cant  get  them  to 
go  freely,  I  propose  to  summon  them  (if  you  approve 
of  it)  as  far  as  seven  or  eight.  If  you  dont  I  beg  you 


92  Col.  John  Sawyers  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1745,  and  died 
in   Knox   County,  Tenn.,  in   1831.     He  removed   West  at  an 
early   day,   and   went   out   on    the    Point    Pleasant   campaign, 
in  Shelby's  Company.     See  muster-roll,  post.     He  served  on 
the  Cherokee    (1/76)    and  Chickamauga    (1779),   expeditions, 
and  commanded  a  company  under   Shelby  at   King's  Moun 
tain  (1780).     He  was  major,  next  colonel,  of  militia,  and  rep 
resented  his  district  in  the  state  assembly. — ED. 

93  Peak  Creek   is  a  western   tributary   of   New   River,   dis 
charging  neaj;  the  present  Newbern,  Pulaski  County. — ED. 


56  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

will  leave  a  line  at  Mr  Thompsons — Upon  second 
thought  I  Suppose  you  need  not  be  at  the  trouble,  as 
I  will  send  a  man  to  your  house  on  Saturday  or  Sun 
day,  for  Your  Orders  I  reckon  the  longer  the  better 
as  you  may  Get  some  intelligence  from  some  part  of 
the  Frontiers.  If  you  would  please  to  have  the  orders 
ready  the  messenger  could  return  the  same  day  I 
think  it  best  for  me  not  to  start  until  monday  morning 
early  &  then  evory  thing  will  be  before  me.  I  can  go 
to  Davis  or  A.  Campbells94  that  night,  as  I  wont  have 
any  luggage  myself. 

I  am  Sir  Your  hble  Servant 

CHRISTIAN. 


ATTACK  ON  GREENERIES, 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Capt.  Joseph  Cloyd.    3QQ49-] 

SIR — News  is  this  minute  come  that  Capt  Dicki- 
son95  has  had  a  battle,  with  the  Indians  at  green  Bryer, 
that  one  man  is  killed  &  two  wounded  the  rest  fled  to 
a  house  where  they  are  beseiged.  As  that  is  the  case 
I  make  no  doubt  but  more  parties  are  out.  I  therefore 
think  it  your  indispensable  duty  to  send  a  messenger 
to  Walkers  Creek,  blue  Stone96  &c.  to  warn  the  people 


94Davis's  Bottom  was  on    the    Middle    Fork    of  Holston, 
above  Royal  Oak,  the  home  of  Arthur  Campbell. — ED. 

95  For  Captain  Dickinson,  who  was  wounded  at  Point  Pleas 
ant,  see  post.    A  further  account  of  this  battle  is  in  Amer. 
Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  536. — ED. 

96  Walker's  Creek  and  Blue  Stone  River  are  western  tribu 
taries  of  New  River.     The  former,  in  Giles  County,  Va.,  was 
named  for  Dr.  Thomas  Walker,  probably  on  his  western  trip 


ATTACK  ON  GREENBRIER  57 

of  their  danger,  that  they  may  gather  together  for  a 
few  days,  &  be  on  their  guard  untill  we  hear  more,  in 
deed  I  think  the  high  waters  may  have  hindered  them 
from  making  more  attacks  at  the  same  time,  as  soon 
as  they  fall  we  may  expect  it. 

You  are  also  this  day  to  warn  all  the  men  to  whom 
you  gave  notice  at  your  muster  to  be  ready  to  meet 
you  at  Mr.  Thompsons  tomorrow  morning — there  to 
receive  further  orders — entreat  your  men  to  take  each 
a  horse,  all  the  ammunition  &  provisions  they  possibly 
can  to  the  place  as  it  is  uncertain  how  long  they  may 
be  wanted. 

I  expect  Colo.  Preston  will  pass  there  tomorrow  on 
his  way  home  &  then  you  will  know  what  more  to  do. 
You  will  no  doubt  advise  all  the  people  to  agree  upon 
proper  places  to  Erect  Forts  &  to  proceed  to  work  im 
mediately — &  by  no  means  to  think  of  moving  off 

I  am  yr.  hble  Servt. 

Wm  CHRISTIAN 

June  29.  1774 

To  Capt  Joseph  Cloyd 


CHEROKEE  BEGIN  HOSTILITIES 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ5O.] 

DEAR  SIR — The  hour  that  I  so  much  dreaded  (as  to 
the  peace  of  this  Country)  is  now  I  am  apprehensive 


in  1748.  Blue  Stone  River,  in  Mercer  County,  West  Va., 
is  supposed  to  have  first  been  visited  by  Christopher  Gist  in 
1751.  The  settlements  upon  this  stream  were  recent  and 
much  exposed. — ED. 


58  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

near  at  hand;    The  Cherokees  has  at  length  com 
menced  hostilities. 

Thefy]  have  murdered  their  Traders,  and  the  Mes 
sengers  that  went  from  Wattago  And  I  expect  the 
Principal  part  of  this  Country  will  meet  with  the 
same  fate  soon,  if  not  speedily  succored,  there 
is  forty  Shawanese  in  the  Cherokee  Towns  I  hope 
your  known  tenderness  and  humanity  will  ex 
cite  you  to  make  a  vigorous  effort  to  defend 
the  Inhabitants;  I  am  certain  the[y]  will  all 
below  Stalnacres97  fly  before  the  Enemy;  as  the  scar 
city  of  Ammunition  is  the  general  cry.  I  hope  the 
Pittsylvania  and  Bedford  Militia  will  be  drawn  out  on 
this  occasion.98  For  could  we  be  able  to  face  them 
about  the  lower  settlement  on  this  River  the  War  might 
not  be  so  calamitous.  In  consequence  of  your  former 
Orders  I  have  requested  of  Capt.  Crockett  &  Doack  one 
half  of  their  Men  to  meet  against  next  Tuesday  or 
sooner  at  the  Town  House.  You  can  direct  matters 
down  lower  as  may  be  best. 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 

July  ist.  1774 

[To  Colonel  Preston] 

97  Samuel  Stalnaker  was  a  Cherokee  trader  whom  Dr. 
Thomas  Walker  met  in  1750  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  Holston, 
and  assisted  in  raising  his  cabin.  "Stalnaker's"  is  marked  on 
Hutchins's  map  as  being  in  1755  the  farthest  western  settle 
ment  of  Virginia.  That  same  year  Indians  attacked  the  out 
lying  cabin  of  this  pioneer,  killed  his  wife  and  son,  and  took 
him  prisoner.  He  soon  escaped,  and  was  at  a  council  of  war 
held  in  this  neighborhood  in  1756. — ED. 

88  Pittsylvania  (formed  in  1767)  and  Bedford  (formed  in 
1753)  were  the  two  adjacent  southwest  counties  east  of  Blue 
Ridge. — ED. 


CHEROKEE  HOSTILE  59 

I  Col.  William  Preston  to  Col.  William  Christian ;  undated,  but 
written  about  July  3.     3QQ5I.] 

SIR — I  have  Just  now  reed,  a  letter  by  Express  from 
Capt.  Arthur  Campbell  on  Holston,  Informing  me  that 
he  has  Intiligence  from  the  Cherokee  Nation  that  the 
Traders  are  all  Murdered  &  that  they  have  also  mur 
dered  the  two  men  who  went  from  Watawgo  in  Behalf 
of  the  People  to  endeavor  to  Compromise  the  affair  of 
killing  the  Cherokee  at  the  Races;  that  there  [are] 
forty  Shawnesse  in  the  Cherokee  Nation,  who  it  is  be 
lieved  will  Join  the  Cherokees  &  fall  upon  the  People 
of  Holston  immediately. 

In  consequence  of  these  alarming  Accounts  it  will  be 
necessary  to  take  every  Measure  in  our  Power  for  the 
Defence  of  the  Country.  Therefore  you  are  to  give  Or 
ders  to  Capt  Herbert  and  Capt.  Madison"  to  draught 
fifty  Men  out  of  their  Companies.  Capts  Crockett  & 
Doack  thirty  Men  Capts  Arther  Campbell,  William 
Campbell  &  James  Thompson  forty  Men  besides  those 
already  Draught  for  the  Defence  of  the  Settlements  on 
Clinch 

You  are  also  to  give  immediate  Notice  to  the  Cap 
tains  of  the  three  lower  Companies  on  Holston  to 
have  Eighty  Men  in  Readiness  on  the  shortest  notice  to 
Join  the  Draught  above  mentioned  if  there  be  a  neces- 


99  Capt.  Thomas  Madison  was  a  brother  of  James,  president 
of  William  and  Mary  College,  and  of  George,  later  governor 
of  Kentucky.  They  were  descended  from  John,  an  early  set 
tler  of  Augusta,  and  distant  relatives  of  President  Madison. 
Captain  Madison  was  born  in  Augusta  in  1746;  he  did  not 
join  the  expedition  of  1774,  but  was  commissary  and  pay 
master  of  that  of  1776  against  the  Cherokee.  He  married 
Susanna,  youngest  sister  of  Patrick  Henry. — ED. 


6o  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

sity.  These  Men  are  to  Assemble  at  the  Town  House  as 
soon  as  Possible.  You  are  to  Order  a  L*.  &  Ensign  with 
thirty  Men  to  range  at  the  heads  of  Sandy  Creek  & 
Clinch  for  the  Defense  of  the  Inhabitants  on  that  Quar 
ter.1  And  the  Remainder  of  the  Draughts  are  to 
March  down  Holston  for  the  Defence  of  that  part  of 
the  Country,  if  you  find  they  are  realy  in  Danger. 

You  will  be  pleased  to  Send  at  least  seventy  five 
Men  out  of  the  first  Draught  under  proper  Officers 
from  the  Town  House  immediately  to  Clinch,  for  the 
Protection  of  the  People  on  that  Quarter ;  and  you  will 
march  the  remainder  Down  Holston  to  the  lower  Road 
to  Clinch  or  even  to  the  Road  through  Mockison  Gap2 
&  then  you  can  Judge  from  the  accounts  you  receive 
whether  it  will  be  most  for  the  Defence  of  the  Coun 
try;  to  March  to  Clinch  or  proceed  down  holston; 
and  which  ever  appears  most  proper  you  will  be  pleased 
to  take. 

If  you  proceed  down  the  River  you  will  take  both 
your  own  Party  and  the  new  Draft  under  your  Com 
mand  &  you  may  call  out"  such  other  officers  as  you 
Choose  to  be  over  the  men.  If  you  should  proceed  to 
Clinch  with  your  Party,  and  find  there  is  a  Necessity 
of  sending  any  men  down  the  River,  then  you  may  put 
them  under  the  Command  of  such  Officers  as  you 
think  proper. 

Upon  the  whole,  as  you  will  be  upon  the  Spot  you 
will  be  best  able  to  Judge  what  Steps  may  be  most  for 


1The  heads  of  Sandy  and  Clinch  rivers  approach  each 
other  in  Tazewell,  Buchanan,  and  Dickenson  counties,  Va. — ED. 

2  There  were  several  passes  over  Clinch  Mountain  to  the 
valley  of  that  river.  Of  these,  Mocassin  Gap,  where  the  creek 
of  that  name  breaks  through  to  join  the  Holston,  is  best 
known. — ED. 


PLANS  OF  GOVERNOR  6l 

the  Protection  of  the  Country,  and  those  Steps  you 
will  no  Doubt  take,  but  at  the  Same  time  I  would 
have  you  endeavour  all  in  your  Power  not  to  Incur 
any  Expence  to  the  Country  but  what  is  absolutely 
Necessary  for  the  Protection  of  the  People,  as  also 
not  to  Order  any  Forces  down  Holston  untill  your 
In[te]ligence  is  well  attested. 

If  you  find  it  Necessary  to  Augment  the  number  of 
Scouts,  I  think  it  ought  to  be  done,  &  these  should  not 
only  be  good  Woodsmen  but  Men  of  Property  and 
Veracity,  as  such  may  easily  be  procured  there. 

You  will  be  pleased  to  write  to  me  as  often  as  op 
portunity  offers,  and  if  any  thing  Extraordinary  hap 
pens  to  send  an  Express. 

If  you  find  it  necessary  to  take  any  other  Measures 
for  the  Defence  of  the  Frontiers  than  what  I  have 
above  directed,  you  will  be  [free]  to  adopt  them  & 
suit  your  Conduct  to  the  Danger  of  the  Country. 

I  am  Sr. 

Win.  PRESTON 

To  Colo.  \vm.  Christian 


FLANS  OF  GOVERNOR 

[Lord  Dunmore  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQS3-1 

WILLIAMSBURG  3d  July  1774 

SIR — I  have  received  your  letters  dated  the  2/th  of 
May  and  22d.  of  June. 

I  am  in  hopes  the  Steps  you  have  taken  will  pre 
vent  any  Considerable  damage  from  being  done  by 
the  Savages  on  your  frontier,  and,  that  if  they  should 


62  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

attempt  making  a  Stroke,  that  the  joint  forces  of 
the  frontier  Counties  will  be  able  to  repel  and  effect 
ually  Chastize  those  restless  and  inveterate  Enemys 
of  Virginia. 

By  the  last  Account  from  Fort  Dunmore,  dated 
the  7th.  of  June  Captn.  Connolly  informs  me  of  Sev 
eral  Murders  Committed  by  the  Indians  in  that  quar 
ter,  and  that  he  intended  in  a  few  days  to  March 
towards  the  Enemys  Country  at  the  head  of  a  Con 
siderable  Body  of  Men,  and  that  he  Should  halt  at  the 
Mouth  of  Wheelin  to  build  a  Small  Fort  there,  and 
an  other  on  the  opposite  Side  of  the  Ohio,  for  a  re- 
posetory  of  Stores,  and  if  possible  keep  the  Enemy 
engaged  in  their  own  Country,  by  small  parties  con 
tinually  detached  from  Wheelin  to  their  Towns ;  but 
in  this  he  expected  to  be  Supported  by  you  and  Colo. 
Andrew  Lewis,  as  I  had  informed  him  of  my  having 
recommended  building  a  Fort  at  the  Mouth  of  the 
Great  Kanhaway  or  some  where  near  it. 

This  plan  I  much  approved  of,  and  ordered  Captn. 
Connolly  to  inform  the  Commanding  Officers  on  the 
frontiers  of  his  notions,  and  keep  a  Constant  Corres- 
pondance  with  them  and  Co-operate  with  them  in 
Such  Measures  as  they  may  think  most  expedient 
and  effectuall.3 

I  am  Still  convinced  of  the  Necessity  and  Security 
it  would  be  to  that  part  of  the  Country  to  have  a 
Fort  erected  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Kan 
haway  ;  and  if  a  Body  of  Men  could  be  Marched  into 
the  Enemys  Country  that  it  would  put  a  Speedy  and 

3  See  Washington-Crawford  Letters,  pp.  95,  96,  on  the  of 
ficers  consulted.— ED. 


DISTRESS  ON  FRONTIER  63 

effectual  end  to  the  War,  and  Secure  you  a  lasting 
peace. 

I  can  give  no  farther  instructions  respecting  the 
Locating  of  the  Officers  and  Soldiers  Lands  than  the 
Order  of  Council  in  December  last  to  which  I  refer 
you. 

I  shall  not  fail  to  take  proper  Notice  of  the  Murder 
Committed  at  Watawgo,  tho  I  think  it  would  answer 
no  good  end  my  writing  to  the  Indians  at  this  time, 
but  that  [it]  will  be  more  proper  an  effectual  to  do 
it  through  the  Superintendant  of  that  district  or  his 
deputy. 

Inclosed  is  the  two  Majors  Commissions,  and  am 

Sir  Your  most  Obedient  humble  Servant 

DUNMORS 

To  Colo.  William  Preston 


DISTBESS  ON  THE  FRONTIER 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ54-] 

NEW  DUBLIN  Thursday  4  July  1774 
DEAR  SIR — The  people  on  New  river  up  to  Mouth 
[of]  reed  creek4  I  understand  are  gone  &  going 
of[f]  to  day  to  Fort  at  Bells  meadows.5  Smiths, 
Ninian  Cloyds,  &  Crouchs  families  are  there.  Smiths 
Wife  &  children  are  really  distressed,  as  the  woman  is 
helpless  &  unwell  Could  it  be  possible  to  let  them 


4  Reed  Creek  is  a  western  tributary  of  New  River,  and  its 
waters  interlace  with  the  upper  Holston.     It  was  named  for 
James  Reed,  who  settled  in  the  vicinity  as  early  as  1753. — ED. 

5  Named  probably  for  James  Bell,  an  early  settler  who  was 
captured  by  the  Indians  in  1756. — ED. 


64  DUN  MO  RE'S  WAR 

come  home,  I  know  you  will  but  how  to  relieve  them 
I  dont  know  6  men  out  of  this  Compy  that  went  to 
Clinch  are  not  returned,  &  I  hear  Draper6  got  15 
with  him.  I  expect  the  6  at  Clinch  next  week. 

Crouch  has  a  large  crop  of  oats  now  falling. 

Little  James  Skeggs,7  I  am  well  satisfied  saw  an 
Indian  last  Thursday  between  Ninian  Cloyds  &  Peter 
Poors,  or  some  person  dressed  like  one,  &  some  other 
signs,  tho  it  might  be  horsethieves  or  runaways 

I  am  told  just  now  that  there  is  a  report  come  that 
Some  people  were  killed  at  muddy  creek  last  week, 
but  I  never  depend  on  reports  unless  well  attested, 
there  being  so  many  false  ones. 

There  came  5olb  Powder  yesterday,  being  all  that 
Donald  sent  on  account  of  the  barrel  I  bespoke  for 
the  Expidition  the  complaints  are  so  great  here  for 
Powder  that  I  dont  know  how  to  keep  it,  I  have  put 
the  people  of[f]  by  telling  them  that  it  came  for  the 
Expidition  &  that  I  cant  undertake  to  touch  it  unless 
I  have  your  orders,  &  that  I  believe  you  cannot  break 
on  it  at  any  rate  unless  the  neighbourhood  is  really  at 
tacked. 


6  John  Draper,  born  in  1730,  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers 
of  Draper's  Meadows,  where  the  massacre  occurred  in  1755. 
His  wife  and  sister  were  captured  and  only  restored  after 
many  hardships.  In  1765  Draper  sold  out  his  interest  in 
Draper's  Meadows,  and  removed  west  to  Draper's  Valley,  on 
the  dividing  line  between  Pulaski  and  Wythe  counties.  His 
descendants  have  lived  here  in  recent  years.  In  1774  he  was  a 
lieutenant  in  one  of  the  Fincastle  companies,  his  commission 
being  yet  preserved  in  the  family.  Draper  lived  to  be  ninety- 
four  years  of  age,  dying  at  his  home  in  1824.  See  Hale, 
Trans- Allegheny  Pioneers,  pp.  105,  106. — ED. 

T  Probably  of  the  family  of  Henry  Skaggs,  one  of  the  famous 
"Long  Hunters"  of  Kentucky,  who  settled  in  the  new  state  in 
I775-— ED. 


DISTRESS  ON  FRONTIER  65 

Colo.  Byrd  &  Mr  Madison  are  set  off  for  Vausses8 
the  first  talks  of  proceeding  down  the  Country  whether 
he  will  or  not  I  dont  know  yet  I  will  let  you  know 
when  I  come  back  this  day  week. 

On  enquiry  I  find  Ingram  &  Waggoners  people  are 
at  home  &  I  believe  the  Montgomerys  [and]  Pattons.9 
So  that  I  cant  think  the  people  on  the  river  in  the 
least  danger  if  they  would  stay  at  home  but  I'm 
afraid  to  over  persuade  them,  as  they  will  return  of 
their  own  accord  in  some  days.  My  people  are  at  home, 
I  believe  that  is  all"  on  this  side  the  river  down  to 
peppers,10  but  they  have  had  several  races  up  here  as 
the  reports  come  &  so  goes  home  in  a  day  or  two. 

If  I  hear  anything  more  I  shall  send  for  my  family 
&  meet  them  at  Flemings  they  begin  to  be  distressed 
with  the  hot  weather  &  water,  the  great  want  of  rain 
below  is  alarming.  If  no  more  news  I  propose  set 
ting  of  in  the  afternoon  my  self.  Daniel  Trigg  will 
remain  here  till  I  come  back  &  will  obey  any  orders 
you  think  necessary 


8Vause's  (Vaux)  Fort  was  one  of  the  western  defenses  in 
the  French  and  Indian  War.  It  was  built  about  1755  on  the 
upper  waters  of  Roanoke,  in  the  present  Montgomery  County, 
not  far  from  the  town  of  Lafayette.  June  25,  1756,  it  was 
attacked  by  Indians  and  all  the  garrison  and  settlers  captured 
or  killed.  The  next  year  it  was  rebuilt  as  a  government  forti 
fication  by  Capt.  Peter  Hogg,  and  visited  by  Washington  on 
his  tour  of  inspection  of  western  defenses. — ED. 

9 The  Montgomerys  were  a  prominent  Holston  family,  lo 
cated  on  the  South  Fork,  near  the  North  Carolina  boundary 
line.  Capt.  James  was  a  magistrate  of  Washington  County. 
The  Pattons  were  not  descendants  of  Col.  James,  who  left  orly 
daughters  as  heirs. — ED. 

10  The  Peppers  were  a  pioneer  family  of  southwest  Virginia, 
two  of  whose  members  were  captured  at  Fort  Vause  in  1756. 
They  operated  a   ferry  above  Ingles's,  on   New   River.     See 
Thwaites,  Early  Western  Travels,  iii,  p.  48,  note  59. — ED. 
5 


56  DUN  MODE'S  WAR 

I  am  sorry  to  be  away  at  this  time,  but  I  will  make 
it  short  &  take  care  to  go  away  no  more,  But  stay 
and  assist  all  I  can. 

I  am  Sir  with  respect  Yours  ever 

Wm  CHRISTIAN. 

To  Colo  William  Preston 


WAR  INSTIGATED  BY  VIRGINIANS 

[Letter    from    Carlisle,    Pennsylvania,    dated    July    4,    1774. 
2jJ63-65.] " 

Our  last  accounts  from  Fort  Pitt  are  very  good  in 
one  sense.  The  traders  are  all  arrived  safe  with  their 
goods  at  that  place,  being  escorted  &  protected  by 
some  Shawnese  Indians,  who  were  sent  to  Col.  Crog- 
han's,  as  it  was  imagined  they  would  not  be  safe  at 
the  fort,  the  Virginians  having  a  party  of  militia  un 
der  arms  at  that  place.  Conolly,  their  captain,  as 
soon  as  he  heard  of  the  Indians  being  at  Croghan's, 
sent  forty  of  his  men  to  take  them  prisoners,  notwith 
standing  their  kindness  to  our  people ;  but  the  traders 
giving  them  notice  of  the  design,  they  immediately 
went  off.  Conolly's  party  followed  and  overtook 
them,  fired  upon  and  wounded  one  of  them ;  the  other 
two  took  the  wounded  Indian  off,  &  made  their  es 
cape,  and  a  day  or  two  afterwards  met  a  party  of 
Indians,  escorting  another  of  the  traders  with  his 
effects  from  the  Lakes.  The  escorting  party  of  In 
dians  no  sooner  saw  the  wounded  man,  but  they  im 
mediately  ordered  the  skins  to  be  unloaded,  and  held 

11  Copied  from  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  July  13,  1774. — ED. 


VIRGINIANS  INSTIGATE  WAR  67 

a  council  what  was  best  to  be  done.  But  the  traders, 
who  had  arrived  at  Fort  Pitt,  fearing  some  bad  con 
sequences  might  happen  from  the  conduct  of  the 
party,  which  Conolly  had  sent  out,  immediately  fol 
lowed  the  Indians,  &  came  up  with  them  the  day  after 
they  had  met  with  the  other  party,  and  advised  them 
to  return  to  their  own  country;  at  the  same  time  tell 
ing  them  that  Pennsylvania  had  no  part  in  the  mis 
chief  already  done,  and  that  the  Virginians  entirely 
were  in  fault.12 

We  hear  from  Virginia,  that  a  large  body  of  men 
are  going  out  against  the  Indians  by  order  of  govern 
ment,  the  rendezvous  to  be  at  the  mouth  of  the  great 
Kanhawa  river,  and  there  to  build  forts,  &  fortify 
themselves. 

We  are  informed  that  young  Cressop,  who  first 
began  the  quarrel  with  the  Indians,  and  murdered  a 
number  of  them  in  a  cowardly  manner,  has  received 
a  letter  of  thanks  from  Lord  Dunmore.  From  hence 
it  appears  that  the  scheming  party  in  Virginia  are 
making  a  tool  of  their  Governor,  to  execute  the  plans 
formed  by  them  for  their  private  emolument,  who, 
being  mostly  land-jobbers,  would  wish  to  have  those 
lands,  which  were  meant  to  be  given  to  the  officers  in 
general.13 


12  See  further  account  by  Richard  Butler  in  Penna.  Archives, 
iv,  pp.  569,  570.— ED. 

13  As  part  of  the  boundary  controversy  between  Pennsyl 
vania  and  Virginia,  the  partisans  of  the  former  accused  those 
of  the  latter  with  inciting  the  Indians  on  their  own  behalf. 
See  similar  accusations  in  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  pp. 
547-549,  674.— ED. 


68  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 


PREPARATIONS  FOB  ADVANCE 

[Receipt  of  Capt.  William  Harrod1*  to  Abraham  Van  Meter. 
4NN;.] 

July  4th.  1774  Then  Reed,  of  Abraham  Vanmeetre 
Three  Steers  &  one  Cow ;  one  Steer  &  the  Cow  mark'd 
a  Crop  &  half  penny  in  ye  Near  Ear  half  penny  in 
the  of  [f]  Ear,  one  Steer  unmark'd,  the  other  Mark'd, 
half  Crop  in  the  Near  Ear,  &  Slit  in  the  of[f]  Ear 
Being  Apprais'd  by  Jacob  Vanmeetre  &  Edmd.  Polke 
according  to  Order  of  Capt  John  Connoly  Commander 
at  fort  Dunmore  Being  for  the  Use  of  Governmt.  of 
Virginia  &  Apprais'd  To  Sixteen  Pounds  Ten  Shillings 
Reed.  Pr  me. 

HARROD] 


14  William  Harrod,  elder  brother  of  James,  founder  of  Har- 
rodsburg,  Kentucky,  was  born  at  Big  Cove,  Bedford  County, 
Pa.,  in  1737.  He  was  in  the  army  of  General  Forbes  (1758),  and 
about  1772  settled  on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Mo- 
nongahela.  He  was  commissioned  captain  by  Lord  Dunmore 
(Draper  MSS.,  4NNs),  and  acted  as  commissary  during  the 
summer  and  autumn  of  1774.  He  was  with  his  brother  James 
at  Harrodsburg  in  1775  and  again  in  1777 ;  but  seems  to  have 
retained  his  permanent  home  in  western  Pennsylvania,  where 
a  commission  of  captain  of  militia  was  issued  to  him  in  1776. 
In  1778  he  recruited  a  company  for  the  Illinois  expedition, 
joined  George  Rogers  Clark  at  the  Falls  of  Ohio,  and  acted 
efficiently  throughout  that  campaign.  The  next  year  he 
brought  a  company  from  the  Falls  of  Ohio  to  participate  in 
Bowman's  expedition,  and  in  1780  was  still  a  militia  captain 
in  that  neighborhood.  He  died  in  1801. — ED. 


SCOUTING  IN  SOUTHWEST  69 


SCOUTING  IN  SOUTHWEST  VIRGINIA 

[Capt.  Daniel  Smith  to  Col.  William  Prec-^on.    3QQ57-] 

SIR — The  constant  Rumor  of  the  Indians  being  just 
ready  to  fall  on  the  Inhabitants  hath  scared  away  al 
most  the  whole  settlement  at  the  head  of  the  north 
fork  of  Clinch  and  Bluestone.  I  am  sorry  to  find  that 
the  people  are  so  scary  and  that  there  are  so  many 
propagators  of  false  reports  in  the  country,  not  that  I 
think  there  is  no  danger  of  an  Indian  War,  I  would 
only  [MS.  torn]  reports  which  ought  to  stir  us  up 
to  common  Defence,  by  passing  thro'  the  mouths  of 
imprudent  people,  do  more  damage,  than  their  not 
coming  at  all,  by  causing  timorous  people  to  run  away. 
This  the  people  at  the  head  of  the  river  did  before  I 
got  the  least  notice  of  their  intention  to  start.  The 
Men  have  said  they  will  return  again  after  carrying 
their  wives  and  children  to  a  place  of  Safety;  If 
they  do  'twill  be  rather  more  than  I  expect.  They 
alledge  as  an  excuse  for  their  going  away  that  there 
was  no  Scout  down  Sandy  creek.  This  was  only  an 
excuse,  tho'  they  spoke  the  truth,  and  it  was  no  fault 
of  mine.  Mr.  Maxwell  (who  is  gone  down  to  Bote- 
tourt  to  see  his  family,  and  whose  return  is  not  ex 
pected  shortly)  and  myself  had  agreed  to  muster  our 
men  in  separate  companies,  for  the  convenience  of  the 
inhabitants  and  withal  because  it  would  conduce  more 
to  their  safety  in  general  as  we  thought;  especially 
as  we  agreed  to  send  each  other  word  by  express  in 
case  of  an  invasion,  or  any  other  important  news  that 
might  require  the  men  to  be  join'd.  As  he  lived  most 
convenient  to  the  head  of  Sandy  Creek  I  consulted  him 


7o  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

with  regard  to  scouts  that  should  go  down  that  water 
course.  His  brother  Thomas15  was  one  pitched  upon. 
On  their  return  from  their  first  trip,  altho  they  brought 
no  account  of  Indians  as  your  letter  of  the  2Oth  ult. 
came  to  hand  about  that  time  I  sent  two  scouts  down 
a  river  or  [MS.  torn]  called  Louisa,16  and  at  the  rec 
ommendation  of  Mr.  Th.  Maxwell  appointed  one  Israel 
Harmon  to  act  with  him  down  Sandy  Creek,  for  it  was 
natural  for  me,  as  I  reposed  much  confidence  in  Mr. 
James  Maxwell  to  pay  regard  to  what  his  Brother 
Thomas  advised.  I  am  now  to  inform  you  that  Mr 
Thomas  Maxwell  proved  Highly  unworthy  the  con 
fidence  I  reposed  in  him,  so  much  that  I  think  his 
behaviour  requires  that  he  should  be  called  to  an  ac 
count  at  the  next  court  martial,  as  I've  just  been  in- 
form'd  there  really  is  a  Militia  law  yet  subsisting; 
for  instead  of  going  down  Sandy  Creek  as  I  strictly 
charged  him  to  do  he  went  to  the  head  of  the  river, 
reported  the  danger  they  were  in,  and  Assisted  Jacob 
Harmon17  to  move  into  the  New  River  Settlement. 
It  was  at  least  a  Week  afterwards  before  I  knew  there 
was  no  Scout  down  Sandy  Creek.  As  soon  as  I  got 
such  information  I  rode  to  the  head  of  the  river,  learn'd 
the  truth  of  the  account,  and  employed  two  men  to  go 
down  that  stream  that  may  be  relied  on,  which  took  me 
two  days  constant  employ.  I  don't  think  my  time  lost 


15  Thomas    Maxwell    settled    on    Blue    Stone,    in    Tazewell 
County,  in  1772.     He  was  in  Capt.  Isaac  Shelby's  company  at 
the  battle  of  King's  Mountain  (1781),  and  was  killed  by  In 
dians  in  1787. — ED. 

16  The  north  branch  of  the  West  Fork  of  Sandy  River.— ED. 

17  Jacob  Harmon,  who  settled  on  Blue  Stone  in  1771,  prob 
ably  was  of  the  family  of  Adam,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
New  River    who  rescued  Mrs.  Ingles  on  her  journey  to  the 
settlement  (1755).— ED. 


SCOUTING  IN  SOUTHWEST  71 

as  I  prevailed  on  some  to  stay  at  the  same  time  that 
would  have  gone. 

As  the  Spirits  of  the  men  that  yet  are  left  in  my 
Company  Are  not  in  a  very  high  flow,  I  do  think  that 
a  Company  of  men  stationed  on  the  river  if  there  was 
not  over  20  [MS.  torn]  would  greatly  encourage  the 
settlers,  if  they  did  nothing  but  Assist  to  build  forts 
in  this  busy  time  of  laying  by  Corn.  I  really  shall  be 
greatly  pleased  if  you  should  be  of  the  same  Opinion. 
I  may  observe  to  you  that  they  may  be  in  readiness 
to  march  against  any  enemy  the  Scouts  shall  discover, 
or  join  any  Company  that  may  require  Assistance. 

You  have  inclosed  a  sketch  of  this  river,  and  the 
heads  of  some  of  the  adjacent  waters.  Had  I  ex 
pected  I  ever  should  have  been  called  on  for  such  a 
thing,  I  should  have  taken  better  observations,  that 
it  might  have  been  done  with  greater  accuracy.  As 
you  seem  to  want  it  now  I  let  you  have  the  same 
notion  of  the  courses  of  the  Waters  and  distances  of 
places  which  I  have.18  It  was  done  in  a  hurry,  there 
fore  I  hope  you  will  excuse  its  not  being  done  in  a 
fairer  manner.  The  north  fork  of  Holston  is  made 
too  big,  for  'tis  a  smaller  river  than  Clinch.  Should 
it  want  an  amendment,  or  you  any  information  on  the 
subject  that  is  in  my  power  to  give,  you  know  you 
need  only  signify  so  much. 

I  am  Dr  Sir  with  greatest  esteem  Your  very  humble 
Serv. 

DAN  SMITH 

8th  July  1774 


18  See  manuscript  map  reproduced  in  this  volume,  found  in 
Draper  MSS.,  4XX62.— ED. 


72  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Powder  and  lead  are  yet  very  scarce  articles  with 
us.  I  wish  that  may  come  to  hand  shortly  which  I 
hear  you've  sent  for 

To  Col  William  Preston  in  Fincastle    To  the  care  of  Cap*. 

Arthur  Campbell 


CHEROKEE  PEACEFUL;  BANGING  PLANS 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ5&] 

HOLSTON  July  gth  1774 

SIR — About  the  latter  end  of  last  Week  the  Wattago 
Messengers  returned  safe  from  the  Cherokee  Towns. 
They  say  that  upon  their  first  arrival  it  appeared  as  if 
they  Indians  intended  to  take  immediate  satisfaction 
for  the  loss  of  their  Man,  on  Wattago ;  But  thro  the 
interposition  of  some  of  their  chiefs  they  were  dis 
suaded  from  such  a  rash  step. 

The  consternation  this  appearance  give  the  Traders ; 
was  the  foundation  of  the  late  report,  as  some  of  them 
set  out  for  Carolina  in  time  of  the  hurry.  A  few 
days  before  the  Messengers  set  out  on  their  return, 
the  Great  Warriour  had  all  the  Principal  Chiefs  con 
vened,  when  the  Murder  of  Capt  Russells  son  &c  the 
robberies  of  the  Hunters  together  with  the  late  affair 
on  Wattago  was  debated;  They  deny'd  having  any 
share,  as  they  knew  of,  in  the  murder,  and  as  to  the 
robberies,  they  had  Mr.  Camerons  authority  for  it. 
They  confessed  the  Raven  with  four  others  had  gone 
to  the  Shawanese  early  in  the  Spring,  without  the 
approbation  of  the  Nation;  and  that  they  expected 
he  was  killed  as  the  Shawanese  had  killed  one  of  their 
men  lately  in  sight  of  their  Town. 


AUGUSTA  AND  FORT  PITT  73 

From  these  Mens  account,  I  would  willingly  believe 
that  peace  may  yet  be  preserved  with  the  Cherokees, 
if  some  fresh  provocation,  dont  put  them  out  of  all 
temper.  Crabtree  is  become  a  very  insolent  person ; 
but  I  believe  his  timidity,  on  dangerous  attempts,  will 
mostly  get  the  better  of  his  ferocity. 

About  the  time  the  above  account  came  to  Camp, 
Col.  Christian  received  a  Letter  from  Capt  Doack  in 
forming  him  of  some  Indian  signs  being  Seen  near  his 
Fathers,  upon  consultation  it  was  judged  impracti 
cable  to  attempt  a  long  March,  out  of  the  Inhabitants, 
until  more  Ammunition  arrived.  Therefore  it  was 
considered  as  best  for  the  present  to  divide  the  party 
to  cover  the  Frontier.  One  Company  under  Capt. 
Crockett,  was  to  range  about  the  head  of  Clinch  & 
Blue  Stone,  another  to  be  sent  to  Castle  Wood,  and 
the  other  to  range  at  and  near  Mockison  Gap  &  the 
Island.  The  new  draughts  was  on  this  disposition  dis 
charged  and  I  returned  home. 

I  am  Sir  your  most  Humble  Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 

[To  Colonel  Preston] 


NEWS  FROM  AUGUSTA  AND  FORT  PITT 

[Col.  Charles  Lewis  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQS9-] 

DE[A]R  SIR — I  Received  your  Letter  of  the  I9th  of 
June  and  will  take  all  oportunity  to  a  Quente  you  of 
Every  thinge  that  hapens  here  worth  your  Notise.  no 
Dout  but  you  have  herd  of  ye  engagement  that  Capt 
Dickenson  is  had  with  ye  Indians  he  had  one  man  killed 


74  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

and  his  Lieutenant  Wounded,  a  fewe  Days  ago  ye  In 
dians  fired  at  Wm  Mcfarlon  Neere  ye  Warm  Springs19 
and  wounded  him  slitly.  Ye  inhabitents  of  our  Frunt- 
ier  is  in  ye  Creates  Confuson  they  are  all  gethred  in 
forts.  I  have  ordered  out  Several  Compneys  of  Mi 
litia  which  I  am  in  hop[e]s  will  put  a  stope  to  thir 
indended  Hostilities.  I  hear  that  ye  Assembly  is  to 
Meet  ye  nth  of  Next  Month  when  I  hope  they  will 
fall  on  som  Method  to  but  [put]  an  End  to  ye  War. 
Since  I  begane  to  Rite  to  you  I  have  Red  by  way  of 
Ex[p]ress  from  fort  Pitt  that  ye  Indians  is  Suing  for 
P[e]ace  as  to  further  perticlers  I  will  Refer  you  to  my 
Brother  home  [whom]  I  have  sent  Capt  Connlly['s] 
letter  with  ye  Indians  speech.20 
I  am  Dr  Sir  your  Humb  Servent 

CHAS 

July  Qth  1774 


19  The  Warm  Springs  in  the  present  Bath  County,  then  in 
Augusta,  was  a  noted  landmark  of  the  region;  the  town  is 
now  the  county  seat. — ED. 

20  Andrew  Lewis  lived  at  this  time  in  Botetourt  County,  on 
Roanoke  River,  near  Salem.     Charles  Lewis  was  probably  at 
the  Lewis  homestead,  two  miles  east  of  Staunton. 

Connolly  issued  a  proclamation  June  18,  advising  the  inhab 
itants  to  prepare  for  war.  See  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i, 
p.  475.  Meanwhile,  McKee  was  negotiating  with  Delaware 
Indians,  who  said  that  all  chiefs  except  the  Mingo  were  fav 
orably  inclined  to  peace. — Ibid,  pp.  545,  546.  Letters  from 
the  frontiers,  however,  proved  that  attacking  parties  were  still 
carrying  on  their  bloody  work.  See  Ibid,  pp.  521,  526,  and  our 
own  preceding  manuscripts. — ED. 

21  Col.  Charles  Lewis,  youngest  son  of  the  Augusta  pioneer, 
John  Lewis,  was  born   (1733)  after  the  arrival  of  the  family 
in  Virginia.     He  was    especially    noted    as    a    gallant    Indian 
fighter  and   frontiersman;   tradition   relating  that  in   one  of 
his   escapes   he    exhibited    great   daring.     See   Waddell,   An 
nals  of  Augusta  County  (2nd  ed.  Staunton,  1902),  p.  127.    He 
was  captain  of  a  company  under  his  brother,  Maj.  Andrew 
Lewis,  and  Col.  George  Washington,  which  advanced  for  the 
defense  of  the  frontier  after  Braddock's  defeat.     A  copy  of 


FRONTIER  PATROL  75 


PATROLLING  THE  FBONTIEB 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ6o.] 

ANDREW  CoLViNS.22  July  9.  (Saturday  morning)  1774 
SIR — On  my  way  up  Reed  Creek  I  met  some  news 
about  the  Cherokees  which  made  me  think  it  best  to 
stop  all  the  last  ordered  draughts,  on  Tuesday  even 
ing  I  met  Wni  Falling  one  of  the  two  men  who  went 
from  Wataga  &  then  I  was  fully  satisfied,  nothing  was 
to  be  feared. 

******** 

Capt  Cample  marched  on  the  lower  settlement  in 
Holston  near  the  Island23  with  odds  of  40  men,  and 


the  journal  written  by  Charles  Lewis  during  this  campaign,  is 
in  Draper  MSS.,  i8U.  Charles  Lewis  was  first  lieutenant 
in  Captain  Preston's  ranging  company  in  West  Augusta 
(1757-59),  and  during  Pontiac's  War  (1763)  pursued,  over 
took,  and  defeated  a  native  raiding  party  on  the  South  Fork 
of  the  Potomac.  He  is  known  to  have  been  out  with  Bou 
quet  in  1764,  but  based  his  claims  for  land  upon  his  services 
as  a  ranger — Draper  MSS.,  2QQi53.  These  lands  were  lo 
cated  in  Kentucky,  and  were  part  of  his  heirs'  inheritance. 
As  county-lieutenant  for  Augusta,  he  led  its  troops  to  the 
Point  Pleasant  campaign,  where  he  was  killed  in  the  battle. 
His  words,  when  he  fell,  are  said  to  have  been,  "Push  on, 
boys.  Don't  mind  me." — Draper  MSS.,  iR75-  Charles  Lewis 
was  popular,  and  beloved  by  all  the  Western  army ;  his  loss 
was  a  general  affliction.  He  left  five  small  children,  whose 
descendants  still  live  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia. — ED. 

22  Capt.  Andrew  Colvill  early  settled  near  Wolf  Hills 
(Abingdon),  on  Holston.  He  commanded  at  Fort  Black  in 
1776,  and  through  several  years  ranged  for  the  protection  of 
the  frontiers,  distinguishing  himself  at  the  Battle  of  King's 
Mountain  (1780). — ED. 

23 Long  Island,  now  in  Sullivan  County,  Tenn.,  at  the  junc 
tion  of  the  two  forks  of  Holston,  was  then  thought  to  be  in 
Fincastie  County,  Va.  It  was  the  centre  of  a  considerable 
settlement,  the  site  of  a  fort,  and  the  rendezvous  for  Chris 
tian's  Cherokee  expedition  (1776). — ED. 


76  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

will  meet  me  to  morrow  on  Clinch,  he  goes  thro  Moc- 
cison  Gap,  I  cross  over  by  the  head  of  moccison,  the 
two  gaps  may  be  30  miles  apart. 

On  thursday  last  Mr  Doaks  letter  to  Crockett  was 
shown  to  me  at  Cedar  Creek24  about  9  miles  on  this 
Side  of  Stalnakers,  I  thought  it  best  to  send  Crockett 
of[f]  with  40  men  to  the  head  of  Sandy  creek,  that 
the  reed  creek  and  head  of  Holston  people  might 
know  where  to  send  to  him  in  case  any  attack  should 
be  made,  that  he  might  way  lay  or  follow  the  enemy. 
Breckinridge  told  me  that  he  thought  there  was  no 
chance  of  Mr  Doaks  getting  more  than  about  10  men 
together  on  the  last  orders.  I  wrote  to  him,  that  I 
thought  he  might  as  well  disband  or  range  a  few  days 
in  the  inhabitants  with  them  until  more  news,  or  or 
ders  from  you.  Yesterday  I  heard  a  report  that  50 
Indians  were  seen  at  Sandy  creek  but  as  it  came  thro 
several  hands  it  may  not  be  true,  And  this  morning 
I  reed,  an  Account  that  on  the  6  Instant,  you  got  word 
that  Robertson  &c  had  discovered  an  Indian  Camp  on 
Paint  Creek,  that  Capt.  Cloyd  had  stopt  at  Culber- 
sons25  to  wait  for  more  men.  The  report  goes  here 
that  there  was  300  Indians. 

I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  what  to  do,  but  I  am  thinking 
to  send  Capt  Campble  towards  Cumberland  Gap,  or 
to  the  lower  settlement  on  Clinch,  and  of  stoppi[ng] 
some  days,  about  half  way  betwixt  him  &  Crocket 
that  I  may  march  either  way  in  case  of  need — in  all 
there  will  be  130  men.  I  got  but  2$lb  powder  from 


24  For  this  creek,  see  Smith's  MS.  map.    It  is  a  branch  of 

Clinch.— ED. 

25Ctilbertson's  Bottom  was  on  a  creek  of  that  name,  an  east 
ern  affluent  of  New  River,  fifty  miles  below  Ingles's  Ferry. — ED. 


FRONTIER  PATROL 


77 


Brander,  more  will  be  wanted  soon, — I  cant  go  thro 
Moccison  gap  I  doubt  untill  more  arrives — Indeed  I 
am  afraid  to  go  thro  least  a  body  should  come  up 
Sandy  creek.  And  moreover  perhaps  you  might  want 
me  to  hurry  down,  blue  stone  or  Walkers  creek  if  any 
large  numb[er]  of  the  enemy,  comes  in  that  way.  as 
I  doubt  you  will  be  hard  put  to  to  get  any  body  of  men 
together,  the  great  road  being  almost  the  Fronteer 
from  Arthur  Campbells  to  new  river. 

It  appears  to  me  that  the  three  lower  Companies 
could  better  spare  men  than  any  part  of  the  County,  es 
pecially  Shelbeys  and  Cocks,  those  two  might  send  out 
50.  The  people  here  seems  to  think  themselves  in  the 
greatest  security.  The  news  of  the  enemys  being 
on  Sandy  creek,  made  the  Moccison  &  Copper  Creek 
people  come  of[f]  yesterday.  I  found  it  was  out  of 
my  power  to  go  over  before  this  day.  If  any  Ammu 
nition  is  come,  the  bearer  can  carry  some  powder  in 
a  Cagg,  or  should  you  choose  to  send  any  Quantity 
to  Capt  Campbles,  to  be  lodged  there  I  can  send  there 
for  it.  The  bearer  is  one  of  the  drafts,  and  I  thought 
might  as  well  be  employed  as  an  express  it  will  be  the 
cheapest  way — And  I  really  wanted  further  orders 
from  you,  as  I  thought  you  might  alter  the  disposi 
tion  of  some  of  the  parties  I  propose  placing  as  above, 
in  consequence  of  Events  down  New  river.  I  ordered 
Crocket  to  be  always  ready  at  an  hours  warning  to 
march  either  towards  New  river  if  you  called  on  him 
or  down  Clinch  if  I  sent  to  him. — when  I  get  over  if 
I  find  any  truth  in  the  report  of  the  enemys  being  on 
Sandy  creek,  I  will  hasten  up  that  way  to  Join  Crocket, 
&  send  in  messengers  to  the' Inhabitants  to  wait  the 
news  of  some  attack  that  I  may  waylay  or  follow  the 


78  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

enemy — or  if  I  can  find  their  track  I  will  follow  them 
in  to  the  Inhabitants.  Boone  has  been  gone  10  or  12 
days,  in  search  of  the  surveyors  I  had  some  thought 
of  sending  Drake  alone,  and  engaging  to  give  the 
pay  of  two  Scouts,  he  is  very  willing  to  go.26  but  I 
conclude  to  stop  him  about  10  or  12  days  more,  indeed 
he  must  wait  to  be  a  witness  against  Crabtree. 

******** 

As  soon  as  I  go  to  Clinch,  I  will  send  again  if  any 
thing  more  happens. 

I  am  Sir  your  most  hble  Servt. 

WILLIAM  CHRISTIAN 


FRONTIEB  FORTS  BEING  BUILT 

[Capt.  Robert  Doack  to  Col.  William  Preston.    $QQ6i.] 

SIR — Agreeable  to  your  Order  I  Drafted  men  & 
was  in  Readiness  to  March  to  the  heads  of  Sandy 
Creek  &  Clinch,  When  some  tracts  were  Seen  in  this 
Neighbourhood  Supposd.  to  be  Indians  which  Colo. 


26  Joseph  Drake  early  settled  on  the  frontiers  of  West  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  "Long  Hunters" 
(1770-71).  He  served  as  a  private  in  Bouquet's  Ohio  expe 
dition  (1764)  ;  married  (1773)  Margaret,  daughter  of  Col. 
John  Buchanan ;  and  served  the  next  year  in  Christian's  regi 
ment  on  the  Point  Pleasant  campaign.  Among  the  early  ad 
venturers  he  visited  Kentucky  in  the  spring  of  1775.  and  in 
June  aided  to  pilot  a  party  to  explore  the  region  of  Green 
River ;  and  the  same  year  he  settled  on  a  tract  of  land  six 
miles  below  Abingdon,  Virginia.  He  removed  to  Kentucky 
in  March,  1778,  and  was  killed  by  Indians  in  sight  of  Boones- 
borough,  in  August  following.  He  was  a  rough,  fearle?s  man, 
well-fitted  for  frontier  life  and  hardships. — L.  C.  D.  (Draper 
MSS.,  36251). 


FRONTIER  FORTS 


79 


Christian  hearing  Sent  Capt.  Crockett  to  where  I  was, 
Ordered  &  Directed  me  to  range  near  the  Inhabitants, 
we  were  informd,  that  Sixteen  Indians  Were  Seen  on 
Walkers  Creek  which  I  went  down  with  25  men  but 
not  finding  any  Signs  &  hearing  the  News  Contra 
dicted  Discharge!,  them.  The  people  were  all  in  Gari- 
son  from  Fort  Chiswell  to  the  Head  of  Holston  &  in 
great  Confusion.  They  are  fled  from  the  Rich  Val 
ley27  &  Walkers  Creek.  Some  are  Building  forts  they 
have  Began  to  Build  at  My  Fathers  James  Davis',  & 
Caspar  Kinders.28  I  think  they  are  not  Strong  enough 
for  three  forts  but  might  do  for  two.  If  you  thought 
proper  to  Order  that  a  Sergeants  Command  might  be 
Stationed  at  each  of  those  places  on  Mischief  being 
Done  Or  at  any  two  of  them — I  think  it  would  keep 
this  part  of  the  Country  from  leaving  it  &  would  en 
able  them  to  save  their  Crops  this  I  humbly  Con 
ceive  would  be  a  protection  &  encouragement  &  on 
an  alarm  when  people  fled  to  the  forts  wkh  their 
Familys  those  men  would  always  be  Ready  to  follow 
the  Enemy.  I  have  two  Scouts  in  the  Valley  and  Walk 
ers  Creek  by  Colo.  Christians  Orders  Shall  I  Con 
tinue  them  or  call  them.  I  sent  you  some  platts  by 
my  wife  who  I  Suppose  was  Afraid  to  leave  the  great 
Road  &  would  Send  them  from  Craigs.  I  am  Ready 
at  all  times  to  go  wherever  you  Command  let  the 


27  Rich  Valley  is  between  Walker's  Mountain  and  the  North 
Fork  of  Holston,  in  Washington  County. — ED. 

28  Probably    these    forts    were    at    David    Doack's    mill,    on 
Clinch  River,  and  at  James  Davis's    (or  Davis's  Fancy),  on 
the  headwaters  of  the  Middle  Fork  of  Holston,  which  this 
pioneer   had  purchased   in    1748,   and  where  his    descendants 
still  reside.     Kinders  was  probably  a  German  settler  at  the 
modern  Kinderhook,  on  the  west  side  of  the  North  Fork  of 
Holston,  in  Poor  Valley.— ED. 


80  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

party  be  ever  so  small  As  I  would  rather  at  this  time 
wish  to  be  Serviceable  than  to  look  for  high  pay.  I 
have  Sent  you  a  list  of  my  Company  which  at  this 
time  is  very  Scarce  of  Ammunition.  If  any  is  Come 
up  for  the  Country  pray  let  us  have  Our  proportion  of 
it.  Should  it  not  be  made  use  of  in  Defending  the 
Inhabitants  I  will  take  Care  that  it  shall  not  be  wasted 
&  Such  Orders  as  you  give  About  it  Shall  be  Obeyd. 
I  am  Dr.  Sir  with  great  Esteem  your  Most  Obedient 
&  very  humble  Servant 

ROBERT  DOACK 

July  I2th.  1774 

To  Colo  William  Preston  Fincastle    Favoured  by  Mr.  Davis 


EXPEDITION  TO   OHIO  TOWNS  PLANNED 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ63.] 

CAPT.  RUSSELL'S  FoRT,29  July  I2th  1774 
SIR — I  arrived  at  this  place  on  Sunday  last,  and  on 
Monday  Capt.  Campbell  joined  me  with  his  Company, 
after  marching  through  Mockison  Gap  about  thirty 
Miles  below  this  place,  and  coming  up  Clinch  River. 
There  are  now  here  ninety  nine  Men,  Officers  included ; 
and  with  Capt.  Crockett  forty.  I  wrote  to  you  by 
Hamilton  the  Cause  of  my  sending  him  to  the  Heads 
of  Clinch  &  Sandy  Creek.  The  inclosed  Letter  [is] 
from  Capt.  Doack  to  Crockett ;  the  Messengers  Report 
that  Capt.  Doack  could  not  possibly  raise  the  thirty  men 


29  At  Castle  Woods,  on  Clinch — likewise  called  Cowan's 
Fort,  from  David  Cowan,  on  whose  land  it  was  built.  Rus 
sell  later  named  it  Fort  Preston ;  see  post. — ED. 


EXPEDITION  TO  OHIO  8 1 

You  had  ordered ;  &  the  Report  of  the  Discovery  that 
should  have  been  made  down  New-River,  made  Me 
think  it  my  Duty  to  cover  the  Inhabitants  that  lie  ex 
posed  to  the  Sandy  Creek  Pass,  untill  your  further 
Pleasure  should  be  known.  That  step,  and  the  Chero 
kee  affair  have  delayed  the  first  proposed  Trip.  When 
I  got  here,  I  found  that  Boon  &  Stoner  had  set  off 
Yesterday  two  Weeks,  in  search  of  the  Surveyors : 
They  were  to  go  down  the  Kantucky,  to  Your  salt 
Lick :  from  thence  across  the  Country  to  the  Falls  of 
Ohio ;  &  from  there  home  by  way  of  Gaspers  Lick,  on 
Cumberland  River.  If  they  find  Them  on  the  Kan 
tucky,  they  will  be  back  in  a  few  Days ;  if  not  'till  they 
go  to  the  Falls,  it  will  probably  be  ten  Days  from  this 
Time  before  they  return.  Captain  Russell  thinks  they 
have  passed  the  Falls  some  Days  ago,  as  Boone  would 
loose  no  Time,  if  he  could  not  find  the  People:  this 
makes  Me  think  it  unnecessary  to  send  Drake,  as  1 
before  proposed,  until  Boone's  Rout  is  known 

Tomorrow  the  Pack-Horses  will  be  sent  over  for 
the  Flour  that  was  left  at  Mr.  Cummins's.30  There  is 
no  Beef  to  be  had  in  this  Neighbourhood;  I  have 
heard  there  is  some  about  12  Miles  off.  Benjamin 

30  Probably  Rev.  Charles  Cummings,  the  well-known  Pres 
byterian  clergyman  of  the  Wolf  Hills  (Abingdon)  Sinking 
Spring  church.  A  Scotch-Irishman  from  Pennsylvania,  he 
first  preached  at  North  Mountain  church,  Augusta  County 
(1766-72).  Receiving  a  call  to  the  Holston,  he  built  the  first 
church  in  that  valley,  and  served  without  interruption  until 
his  death  (1812).  He  was  a  strong  upholder  of  the  Revolu 
tionary  cause,  is  supposed  to  have  drafted  the  Fincastle  reso 
lutions  of  1775,  and  served  for  several  years  on  the  committee 
of  safety.  He  was  also  a  fighting  parson,  and  accompanied 
Christian  on  his.  Cherokee  expedition  (1776),  and  organized 
a  company  for  the  relief  of  Fort  Watauga  when  besieged  by 
Indians  in  1776. — ED. 
6 


82  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

Logan  on  Hols  [t]  on,81  wanted  to  drive  over  forty 
Beeves  but  I  would  not  encourage  him  when  he  spoke 
to  me.  We  are  very  ill  provided  with  Kettles.  I 
know  where  to  get  about  1500  of  flour,  more  than  we 
have ;  and  I  am  told  about  fifteen  Bushels  of  Corn 
may  be  had  on  Clinch.  Neither  Corn  or  Flour  are  to 
be  had  on  Hols  [t]  on  River.  I  am  advised  by  the  Offi 
cers  to  have  the  Flour  brought  over  &  to  collect  the 
Corn  as  soon  as  I  can ;  but  not  to  have  the  Beeves 
drove  over,  until  I  receive  an  Answer  from  You. 

We  have  these  two  Days  been  consulting  what  is 
best  to  be  done :  the  Result  of  which  is,  that  I  should 
let  you  know,  it  is  the  Opinion  of  the  Officers  here, 
that  150  or  200  Men  are  sufficient  to  March  to  the 
Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of  Sciota ;  &  then  if  nothing  extra 
ordinary  happened,  that  we  might  go  over  &  attack  the 
lower  Shawnese  Town,  which  is  not  above  45  Miles 


31  Benjamin  Logan  was  born  of  Scotch-Irish  parents  in 
Augusta  County,  Virginia,  in  1743.  His  father  died  when  he 
was  but  fourteen  years  of  age,  whereupon  young  Logan  took 
upon  himself  the  care  and-  support  of  his  mother  and  the 
younger  children.  In  1764  he  went  out  as  a  sergeant  with 
Bouquet;  and  about  1771  removed  to  the  Holston,  where  he 
raised  hemp,  on  which  there  was  a  royal  bounty.  In  the  Point 
Pleasant  campaign  he  was  a  lieutenant;  and  the  following 
year  (1775)  removed  to  Kentucky,  where  he  built  Logan's 
Station,  ten  miles  from  Boonesborough.  His  family  was 
brought  out  the  next  year,  and  in  the  autumn  the  fort  was 
besieged  by  a  large  body  of  Indians.  Logan  went  to  the  Hol 
ston  settlements  for  ammunition,  and  returned  on  foot  in  ten 
days.  In  1779,  he  was  second  in  command  of  Bowman's  ex 
pedition,  and  brought  a  relief  party  to  Blue  Licks  (1782), 
but  too  late  for  the  battle.  He  was  a  noted  Indian  fighter, 
and  in  1793  allied  himself  with  the  proposed  Kentucky  enter 
prise  against  the  Spaniards  at  New  Orleans.  The  same  year 
he  removed  to  Shelby  County,  where  he  died  in  1802.  Logan 
was  a  tall,  spare  man,  with  thin  visage,  and  a  wiry  frame, 
He  was  a  typical  Westerner,  with  the  faults  and  virtues  of 
his  race. — ED. 


EXPEDITION  TV  OHIO  83 

from  that  Place :  A  good  Pilot  can  be  had,  who  can 
lead  us  thro'  the  Woods  either  by  Night  or  Day.  It 
is  thought  by  the  Gentlemen,  that  is  not  best  to  say 
any  thing  publickly  of  attacking  the  Towns,  but  only 
to  propose  going  to  Ohio  &  returning  up  New-River, 
as  it  is  doubted  among  us  whether  the  Soldiers  would 
be  willing  to  cross  the  river:  tho  the  majority  are  of 
Opinion  they  would  after  going  so  near  the  Enemy's 
Country ;  &  if  nothing  of  this  kind  can  be  effected,  our 
marching  up  the  New  River  might  be  of  considerable 
Service.  Capt.  Russell  informs  me  it  is  only  120  Miles 
to  the  Ohio,  from  this  Place,  which  makes  it  not  more 
than  165  Miles  to  the  lower  Town  from  here. 

In  order  to  raise  the  Men,  Capt.  Russell  can  get  30  on 
Clinch;  the  three  lower  Companies  on  Hols [t] on  75; 
Out  of  these,  &  the  140  now  on  Duty,  it  is  proposed  to 
get  200  to  march  from  here,  out  of  which  150  of  the 
best  Men  are  to  cross  the  River  at  the  Mouth  of  Sciota, 
&  might  in  all  probability  reach  the  Town  undiscov 
ered,  by  travelling  thro  the  Woods  below  Sciota,  where 
an  Enemy  would  not  be  expected.  It  is  also  pro 
posed,  that  the  tired  &  lame  Men  should  erect  a  small 
house  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio,  to  assist  the  Men  when 
crossing,  on  their  return  in  case  of  a  Defeat. 

I  am  advised  to  delay  marching  to  the  Heads  of  the 
Kentucky  according  to  your  first  Orders  &  from  seek 
ing  for  the  Surveyors;  for  should  they  be  alive  it  is 
very  probable  they  are  now  on  their  return ;  &  we  do 
not  know  which  way  they  will  come.  If  an  Attack 
should  be  made  on  New-River,  I  flatter  myself  you 
will  give  me  the  speediest  Notice  thereof,  that  I  may 
endeavour  to  way-lay  the  Enemy  on  their  return  home 
about  the  Banks  of  the  Ohio.  The  Gentlemen  here 


84  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

assert  to  me  that  this  place  is  nearer  the  Mouth  of  the 
New-River,  than  where  you  live;  I  am  convinced  it 
is  to  the  Mouth  of  the  Sciota:  for  such  an  attempt 
I  could  take  choice  Men  enough  from  here  out  of 
those  now  on  Duty,  without  calling  away  Capt.  Crock 
ett's,  who  I  am  afraid  to  send  for  as  I  think  Hols  [t] on 
can  better  spare  Men  than  New-River. 

Should  you  be  of  Opinion  that  our  Scheme  of  going 
to  the  Town[s]  is  impracticable,  I  yet  hope  you  will 
allow  me  to  go  [to]  the  Ohio  with  the  Men  I  now  have. 
I  confess  I  want  to  delay  some  time  to  see  whether 
Boone  returns,  &  by  that  time  every  thing  could  be 
well  fix'd,  £  have  nothing  to  stop  us  but  a  Defeat: 
As  to  this  your  Orders  shall  determine  me. 

I  shall  send  Capt.  Campbell  with  a  Party,  to  range 
20  odd  miles  down  the  River,  toward  Cumberland 
Gap;  and  Lieut.  Edmiston82  about  15  Miles  up,  as  I 
think  it  will  be  better  to  keep  the  Men  moving  slowly, 
than  have  them  remain  at  Camp. 

I  think  I  shall  in  a  few  Days  ride  over  to  Arthur 


82  Lieut  William  Edmiston  ( Edition dston)  was  born  in 
Maryland  (1734),  but  early  emigrated  to  Virginia,  where  he 
owned  the  tract  in  Augusta  on  which  Liberty  Hall  was  situ 
ated.  He  was  a  private  in  the  French  and  Indian  War,  and 
on  the  Cherokee  campaign  of  1760.  This  experience  led  to 
his  appointment  as  ensign,  and  later  as  lieutenant  (1763), 
of  Augusta  militia.  One  of  the  earliest  settlers  on  the  Middle 
Fork  of  Holston,  along  with  the  Campbells,  he  long  served 
second  in  command  to  William  Campbell,  and  acted  in  that 
capacity  at  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain.  Upon  the  death  of 
his  chief,  he  took  his  place  as  colonel  of  the  Washington  mili 
tia  (1782).  He  was  an  ardent  Whig,  signed  the  Association 
in  1775,  and  was  one  of  the  committee  of  safety  (1776).  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Washington  County  in  1822.  Prominent 
in  all  the  affairs  of  southwestern  Virginia,  his  relatives  and 
descendants  were  among  the  most  influential  of  the  region. 
Eight  members  of  this  family  were  in  service  at  King's  Moun 
tain,  where  three  were  killed  and  one  badly  wounded. — ED. 


EXPEDITION  TO  OHIO 


Campbell's  to  meet  your  Orders  :  should  they  be  for 
the  Ohio  Scheme,  I  can  then  set  about  fixing,  &  send 
ing  over  the  Necessarys  &  Men;  at  any  rate  as  I 
hinted  above  the  Gentn.  think  a  Trip  to  the  Kantucky 
had  better  be  postponed,  'till  you  consider  the  Propo 
sals  of  going  to  the  Ohio  ;  &  to  the  Towns  if  thought 
practicable  when  at  the  River. 

There  are  four  Forts  erecting  on  Clinch  in  Capt. 
Russell's  Company  ;  one  at  Moore's,  four  miles  be 
low  this,  another  at  Blackmore's  16  Miles  lower  down, 
&  one  at  Smiths  12  Miles  above  this  Place.33  I  am 
about  to  Station  10  Men  at  Blackmore's  &  10  here; 
Capt.  Russell  thinks  this  will  do,  as  the  other  Forts  are 
very  strong  &  well  supplyed  with  Men.34 

Colo  Christian  1774 

The  number  of  men  to  be  ordered  at  several  places 
on  the  Frontiers  of  Fincastle 

at  Blackmores  back  of  Moccison  gap  30 

at  Moores  —  Capt  Thompson  10 

at  Russells            .             .  10 

at  J.  Smiths          .             .  10 

at  D.  Smiths         .             .  10 

at  head  Sandy  creek        .  30 

at  Cove  &  Walkers  creek  15 


It  is  recommended  by  the  officers  that  Colo.  Preston 
should  allow  5  horses  to  every  Company  of  50  men  to 
carry  their  Baggage  &  Blankets  &  such  like. 


33  Blackmore's  Fort  was  the  lowest  on  Clinch,  at  the  mouth 
of  Stony  Creek,  in  Scott  County.  The  Blackmores  removed 
to  Cumberland  settlement  in  Tennessee  in  1779.  Moore's 
(Fort  Byrd)  was  at  the  home  of  William  Moore,  who  was 
wounded  at  King's  Mountain,  but  lived  to  an  old  age,  dying 
in  this  vicinity  in  1826.  The  fort  at  Daniel  Smith's  was 
named  Fort  Christian. — ED. 

34 Endorsed  by  Colonel  Preston:  "Col.  Christians  letter 
delivered  by  himself  but  not  finished." — ED. 


86  DUNMORE'S  V/AR 


GOVERNORS   INSTRUCTIONS   TO   COLONEL   LEWIS 

[Lord  Dunmore  to  Col.  Andrew  Lewis.    46J7.] 

SIR — I  have  Just  now  received  yours  of  the  5th  Inst. 
and  am  Sorry  to  find  there  is  so  great  a  probability 
of  your  being  engaged  in  a  war  with  the  Indians; 
especially  as  you  are  not  I  doubt  so  well  provided  for  it 
as  I  could  wish.  All  I  can  now  say  is  to  repeat  what 
I  have  before  said  which  is  to  advise  you  by  no  means 
to  wait  any  longer  for  them  to  Attack  you,  but  to  raise 
all  the  Men  you  think  willing  &  Able,  &  go  down  im 
mediately  to  the  mouth  of  the  great  Kanhaway  &  there 
build  a  Fort,  and  if  you  think  you  have  forse  enough 
(that  are  willing  to  follow  you)  to  proceed  derectly 
to  their  Towns  &  if  possible  destroy  their  Towns  & 
Magazines  and  distress  them  in  every  other  way  that 
is  possible,  and  if  you  can  keep  a  Communication 
open  between  you,  Wheeling  Fort,35  &  Fort  Dunmore 
I  am  well  persuaded  you  will  prevent  them  from  cross 
ing  the  Ohio  any  more  &  Consequently  from  Giving 
any  further  Uneasiness  to  the  Inhabitants  on  the 
Waters  of  the  Ohio.  I  am  now  so  far  on  my  way  up  to 
the  blue  Ridge  from  whence  there  is  alreafdy]  march'd 
a  large  body  of  Men  to  Join  you,  thinking  you  would 
be  ere  this  at  the  Mouth  of  the  Great  Kanhaway.38 


35  The  fort  at  Wheeling — named  Fincastle,  for  one  of  Dun- 
more's  titles — was  built  early  in  June  by  Maj.  William  Craw 
ford,  whom  Connolly  sent  down  the  river  for  this  purpose. 
See  Penna.  Archives,  iv,  pp.  519,  552 ;  and  Washington-Craw 
ford  Letters,  p.  95.  During  the  Revolution  the  name  was 
changed  to  Fort  Henry,  in  honor  of  Gov.  Patrick  Henry. — ED. 

3CDunmore  left  Williamsburg  July  10  on  this  visit  to  the 
Western  frontier.  See  Amer,  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  536; 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  LEWIS  87 

and  I  shall  immediately  on  my  going  up  see  if  more 
men  fit  for  that  Service  are  to  be  had  [and]  send  them 
down,  if  I  should  think  it  Necessary.  I  make  no  doubt 
that  Colo.  Preston  will  do  all  in  his  power  to  Assist  you 
&  I  flatter  myself  that  from  your  Joint  efforts  you  will 
be  able  to  give  a  pritty  good  Act.  of  them  &  wishing 
you  all  Success  I  am 

Sir  your  most  Ob*.  &  very  Hbl.  Servt 

DUN  MORE. 

ROSEGILL8T  July    1 2th    1774 


SOUTHWEST  VIRGINIA  BACKWARD 

[Portion  of  a  letter  of  Col.  Andrew  Lewis  to  Col.  William 
Preston.    3QQ62.] 38 

******** 

[The  go]venor  from  what  he  wrote  us  has  taken 
it  for  granted  that  we  would  fit  out  an  Expedition  & 
has  acted  accordingly  I  make  no  doubt  but  he  will 
be  as  much  Surprised  at  our  backwardness,  as  he  may 
call  it,  as  we  are  at  ye  precipetet  steps  in  ye  other  quar- 


and  the  following  from  Pennsylvania  Gazette  of  July  27. 
"Williamsbtirg,  July  14. — Last  Sunday  morning  his  Excel 
lency  our  Governor  left  this  city,  in  order  to  take  a  view  of 
the  situation  of  the  frontiers  of  this  Colony.  It  seems  his 
Lordship  intends  to  settle  matters  amicably  with  the  Indians 
if  possible,  and  purposes  to  have  conferances  with  the  dif 
ferent  nations,  to  find  out  the  cause  of  the  late  disturbances." 
Dunmore  refers  in  his  letter  to  the  men  who  composed  Maj. 
Angus  McDonald's  expedition,  which  left  Pittsburg  the  latter 
part  of  July. — ED. 

"Rosegill,  in  Middlesex  County,  was  the  home  of  Ralph 
Wormsley,  one  of  the  councillors  for  the  colony. — ED. 

38 Unfortunately  the  manuscript  of  the  first  portion  of  this 
letter  is  too  mutilated  to  be  readable. — ED. 


88  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

ter.     Don[t]   faile  to  come  and  let  us  do  something. 
I  would,  as  matters  stand,  use  great  risque  rather  than 
a  misscarrage  should  happen. 
I  am  Your  Humble  Servt. 

ANDW. 


SITUATION  ON  CLINCH  BIVEB, 

[Capt.   William  Russell  to   Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ64.] 

Dr.  Colo. —  Since  I  wrote  you  last,  the  Inhabitants  of 
this  River  have,  altered  the  Plan  for  two  Forts  only, 
on  this  River  below  Elk  Garden,  and  have  erected 
three,  one  in  Cassel  Wood,  which  I  call  Fort  Preston, 
a  second  ten  Miles  above,  which  I  call  Ft.  Christian, 
the  third  five  Miles  below  the  first,  which  I  call  Fort 
Byrd,  and  there  are  four  Familys  at  John  Blackmores 
near  the  mouth  of  Stoney  Creek,39  that  will  never  be 
able  to  stand  it,  without  a  Commd.  of  Men,  therefore 
request  you,  if  you  think  it  can  be  done,  to  Order  them 
a  supply  sufficient  to  enable  them,  to  continue  the  small 
fortification  they  have  erected.  I  am  in  hopes,  from 
this  time,  in  about  two,  or  three  Weeks  Mr.  Boone  will 
produce,  the  Gentn.  surveyors  here,  as  I  can't  believe 
they  are  all  Kill'd:  Boone  has  Instructions  to  take 
different  routs,  till  he  comes  to  the  Falls  of  Ohio,  and 
if  no  discovery  there,  to  return  Home  thro'  Cumber 
land  Gap,  which  will  give  them  opportunity  to  discover, 
if  they  are  about  the  upper  Entrys  on  Salt  Lick  River,40 


39  Elk  Garden  was  upon  a  branch  of  Clinch,  Cedar  Creek. 
See  Smith's  MS.  map,  in  this  volume.     For  the  other  forts, 
see  ante,  p.  85. — ED. 

40  An  early  name  for  Licking  River,  Kentucky. — L.  C.  D. 


CLINCH  RIVER  89 

or  have  Advanced  towards  Cumb:  River,  to  make 
what  few  surveys,  were  to  be  there :  in  which  Tower 
(if  they  are  alive)  it  is  indisputable,  but  Boone  must 
find  them.  I  have  kept  the  other  Scouts  out  continu 
ally  on  Duty  some  to  watch  the  Head  of  Kentuckey, 
and  between  that  and  Sandy  Creek;  and  the  others 
about  Cumberland  Gap,  and  down  Clynch  River,  and 
as  they  are  Men  that  may  be  depended  on,  I  hope  the 
Enimy  cannot  come  upon  us,  without  being  discovered, 
before  they  make  a  stroak,  if  so,  there  is  a  probability 
of  Rewarding  them  well  for  their  trouble  between  this 
and  Ohio.  Colo,  Christian,  and  Gentlemen  under  him, 
Arrived  here  Sundy  last.  I  am  sorry  to  find  Sir.  I 
can't  be  Indulged  to  serve  my  Country  with  a  Captns. 
Command,  as  early  as  others ;  who,  are  but  new 
Hands :  when  I  accepted  of  the  Commission,  War 
then  threatened,  and  together  with  a  desire  of  shew 
ing,  I  had  not  the  least  Objections,  of  serving  under 
You ;  my  only  Inducement  was  my  Country ;  which 
was  your  Intentions ;  I  must  beleive,  at  the  Time  you 
was  pleased,  to  honour  me  with  it ;  but  Sir.  I  can't  help 
thinking,  the  Result  of  your  Council  at  Ft.  Chiswell, 
is  a  Procedure  which,  intirely  disables  me,  from  at 
tempting  to  comply  with  your  late,  Orders;  as  these 
Companys  are  sent,  without  any  Orders  for  me  to  join 
them,  upon  an  Alarm ;  and  they  to  reconnoitre  the 
very  Warriour  Paths,  most  convenient  to  me ;  whence 
it  follows,  that  upon  any  Acct.  from  my  scouts ;  to  pre 
vent  greater  Expence  to  the  Country :  It  wood  I 
think,  be  my  duty  to  inform  Colo.  Christian  of  it, 
reather  then  take  any  Steps  to  Inlarge  the  Expence, 
by  calling  out  more  Men  ;  when  this  Command,  might 
be  sufficient  to  pursue  any  Party,  that  wood  ever  come 


90  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

at  once;  upon  our  Frontier.  T  hope  good  Sir.  you'l 
Pardon  me,  and  am  persuaded  your  Courtesy  cannot 
help  considering  the  Inhabitants  of  this  River,  who  are 
liable  to  a  Stroke  from  the  Northward  Indians,  before 
those  on  Holston,  and  when  ever  that  is  the  case,  it's 
certain  we  in  general,  poor  as  we  are,  must  be  ruined, 
and  tho'  the  pay  of  the  Country  as  soldiers  cannot  be 
thought  Adequate  to  such  risques  yet  it  might  in  a 
small  measure,  encourage  the  People,  to  stand  their 
Ground :  indeed  was  there  to  be  no  War,  a  month, 
or  two  in  Service,  wood  never  make  us  whole,  for  the 
trouble  we  have  been  at,  in  building  Fortifycations ; 
which  we  might  have  avoided,  by  taking  our  Family's 
down  the  Country,  And  have  left  the  People  on  Hols- 
ton  in  our  present  situation,  and  was  that  to  be  the  case, 
I  am  persuaded  theres  not  a  Man  on  the  River,  but 
what  wood  think,  such  an  Indulgence  was  his  due. 
Was  I  to  keep  a  Commission,  in  hopes  of  Benefiting 
my  Country,  or  selfe,  and  my  only  hopes  was,  from  a 
set  of  Gentlemen;  who,  were  all  desireous  to  serve  as 
well  as  my  selfe;  I  am -assured  against  such  power 
ful  Connexions,  as  are  upon  Holston,  and  New  River 
Waters,  It  wood  be  useless  for  me  to  mention,  one 
Word  about  it.  And  to  be  plain,  unless  a  singular 
favour,  of  your  own  Authority ;  Places  me  in  the  ser 
vice,  it  would  be  more  to  the  Interest  of  my  helpless 
Family,  and  the  Cr[ed]it  of  my  selfe,  to  be  without 
such  Commission.  I  am  satisfied  the  Gentlemen  Offi 
cers  appointed  to  the  present  Detachment,  are  worthy 
Men,  and  were  the  Men  as  Zealous  to  serve  their  Coun 
try,  as  the  Officers;  they  might  Distroy  some  of  the 
Enimy  in  a  Week  or  two.  The  Ammunition  is  so  bad, 
that  the  Inhabitants  in  the  Different  Forts  seam  easy 


VOLUNTEERS  CALLED  OUT  91 

about  it,  whether  they  have  it  by  them  or  not  to  make 
Defence,  and  they  are  Intirely  without,  and  we  have 
only  fifty  wt  of  Lead  with  the  Fodder;  I  have  sent 
over  a  Man  for  some  of  the  other  Kind,  as  Capt.  A. 
Campbell  wrote  me,  it  wood  be  up  last  Week.  I  hope 
by  this  Time,  you  have  had  some  Acct.  from  Ft.  Pitt, 
whether  it  is  like  to  be  peace,  or  \Var,  and  till  I  have 
the  pleasure  to  hear  from  You  remain  Dr.  Colo,  your 
most  Obedt.  Humbl.  Servt. 

W  RUSSELL 
FORT  PRESTON  July  the  13**  1774 

N.  B.  pray  excuse  haste,  my  Hands  are  so  sore  at 
Work  about  the  Fort,  I  can  scarce  Write. 


VOLUNTEEBS  FOB  EXPEDITION  CALLED  OUT 

[Circular  letter  of  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQI39-1 

SMITHFIELD  2oth  July  1774 

DEAR  SIR — Inclosed  you  have  a  Copy  of  Lord  Dun- 
more's  Letter  to  Colo.  Lewis  of  the  I2th.  Instant,  In 
Consequence  of  which,  the  Colo,  has  Called  upon  me  to 
Attend  on  the  Expedition,  with  at  least,  two  Hundred 
&  fifty  Men,  or  more  if  thefy]  can  Possibly  be  raised; 
This  Demand  if  Possible  must  be  Complyed  with,  as 
it  is  not  Altogether  our  Quota;  &  indeed  it  appears 
reasonable,  we  should  turn  out  cheerfully  On  the  pres 
ent  Ocasion  in  Defence  of  our  Lives  and  Properties, 
which  have  been  so  long  exposed  to  the  Savages ;  in 
which  they  have  had  too  great  Sucess  in  taking  away. 
We  may  Perhaps  never  have  so  fair  an  Opportunity  of 
reducing  our  old  Inveterate  Enemies  to  Reason,  if  this 


92  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

should  by  any  means  be  neglected.  The  Earl  of  Dun- 
more  is  Deeply  ingaged  in  it.  The  House  of  Burgesses 
will  without  all  Doubt  enable  his  Lordship  to  reward 
every  Vollunteer  in  a  handsome  manner,  over  and 
above  his  Pay ;  as  the  plunder  of  the  County  will  be 
valltiable,  &  it  is  said  the  Shawnese  have  a  great 
Stock  of  Horses.  Beside  it  will  be  the  only  Method 
of  Settling  a  lasting  Peace  with  all  the  Indians  Tribes 
Arround  us,  who  on  former  Occasions  have  been 
Urged  by  the  Shawnese  to  ingage  in  a  War  with  Vir 
ginia  This  useless  People  may  now  aft]  last  be  Ob- 
blidged  to  abandon  their  Count [r]y  Theire  Towns 
may  be  plundered  &  Burned,  Their  Cornfields  Dis- 
troyed ;  &  they  Distressed  in  such  a  manner  as  will  pre 
vent  them  from  giving  us  any  future  Trouble ;  There 
fore  I  hope  the  men  will  Readily  &  cheerfully  engage 
in  the  Expedition  as  They  will  not  only  be  conducted 
by  their  own  Officers  but  they  will  be  Assisted  by  a 
great  Number  of  Officers  &  S[o]ldiers  raised  behind 
the  Mountains  whose  Bravery  they  cannot  be  Doubt- 
full  of,  while  they  Act  from  the  same  Motive  of  Self 
Defence.  The  whole  will  be  under  the  Command  of 
an  Officer  whose  Experience,  Steadiness  &  conduct  op 
former  Occasions,  has  Induced  his  Country  to  Call 
him  forth  at  an  Advanced  Age  to  Command  the  pres 
ent  Expedition.  The  nec[ess]ary  Provisions  will  be 
procured  without  loss  of  time,  Amunition  will  also  be 
provided.  Every  man  Inter [e]sted  &  that  I  think,  is 
every  man  in  the  County  will  I  hop[e]  exert  himself 
to  the  Utmost  to  Forward  this  Expedition ;  on  the 
Success  of  which  so  much  Depends  I  would  Willingly 
hope  for  the  Honour  as  well  as  the  interest  of  the 
County  of  Fincastle,  that  we  shall  not  be  behind  our 


VOLUNTEERS  CALLED  OUT 


93 


Neighbours  in  furnishing  men,  Provisions  or  any 
other  ne[ce]ssaries  the  County  can  Spare  The  Opper- 
ttmty  we  hav  So  long  wished  for,  is  now  before  us, 
The  Eyes  of  this  &  the  Neighbouring  Colonies  are 
upon  us.  The  Governor  of  Virginia  calls  for  us,  Our 
County  is  ready  to  pay,  &  support  us ;  &  all  the  Coun 
tries  [counties]  behind  the  great  Mountains  are  will 
ing  to  Join  in  Assisting  us.  Our  Cause  is  good;  & 
theirfore  we  have  the  greatest  Reason,  to  hope  &  ex 
pect  that  Heaven  will  bless  us  with  Success  in  the  De 
fence  of  ourselves,  &  families  against  a  parcel  of  Mur 
dering  Savages  Interest  Duty,  Honour,  Selfpreser- 
vation,  and  every  thing,  which  a  man  ought  to  hold 
Dear  or  Valuable  in  Life  ought  to  Rouze  us  up  at 
present ;  &  Induce  us  to  Join  unanimously  as  one  man 
to  go  [on]  the  Expedition.  The  Len[g]th  of  the 
Journey,  or  the  badness  of  the  Road  ought  not  to  be 
Objected  to,  as  we  cannot  expect  any  Rest  from  these 
Indians,  until  it  is  Travelled  for  this  purpose ;  &  their 
cannot  be  a  finer  Season  than  what  is  now  before  us  & 
I  am  fully  poswaded  our  young  Active  Woodsmen  will 
Heartily  engage  in  this  Service,  which  will  be  of  so 
short  a  Continuance ;  &  from  the  well  known  Justice, 
&  Generosity  of  our  Assembly;  I  have  not  a  single41 


41  This  letter  is  a  rough  copy,  made  by  some  inept  scribe, 
of  the  circular  letter  which  Preston  undoubtedly  sent  out  to 
the  captains  of  militia,  and  through  them  to  the  people  in  gen 
eral.  The  copy  terminates  abruptly.— ED. 


94  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

BOBEBTSON  TO  COMMAND  AT  CTTLBERTSON'S 

[Maj.  James  Robertson  to  Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ66.] 

Tuesday  night  July  ipth  1774 

SIR — Since  I  Reed,  your  Letter  I  have  been  Con 
tinually  on  Horse  Back  amongst  the  People.  I  will 
get  1 8  or  20  men  Ready  to  Start  Thursday  Evening 
or  friday  morning,  for  My  Soul  I  Could  not  get  them 
to  March  Sooner  and  to  Leave  them  behind  I  never 
Expected  to  See  them  untill  the  new  Draft  again  and 
Scare  then.  I  am  in  Hopes  there  will  be  no  Great 
Danger  untill  we  get  there. 
I  am  Sir  Your  Servant 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 
To  Col.  William  Preston 


Wednesday  morning  20*^  July  1774 
SIR— Since  I  Reed,  your  letter  I  have  not  had  an 
Hours  Rest  I  am  Sure.  I  have  with  A  Great  Deal  of 
Both  good  words  and  Bad  ones  Prevail'd  on  the  fol 
lowing  Persons  to  march  with  me  Thursday :  Samuel 
Lister,  John  Lister,  Blackburn  Atkins,  Samuel  Keith, 
Edmond  Vancee,  Jeremiah  Pate,  Rubn.  Skaggs,  John 
Shillin,  Wm.  Ratliff,  James  Hill,  Zach.  Skaggs, 
Thomas  Luallen,  Jonathen  Davise,  Willm.  Lessly  Adg, 
Skaggs,  Shorgan  Bryans,  Samuel  McGeehey,  William 
Robinson,  John  Craig 

The  following  Persons  has  promised  to  follow  me 
in  less  then  8  days :  John  Shain,  Thomas  Alley,  Jesse 
Elkins,  John  Elswick  There  is  three  or  four  more  I 


AT  CULBERTSON'S 


95 


Can  Pick  up  I  believe  I  thought  to  Got  them  marchd 
to  day  but  it  was  not  in  my  power  Some  had  Grain 
to  put  up  and  to  Leave  them  would  [n]ot  do  for  I 
would  Scarcely  Ever  See  them  again.  I  am  your 
Servt. 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

N.  B.  This  last  news  I  Expect  is  no  more  than 
Some  of  the  Usual  Alarms.  But  if  they  are  about  I 
am  in  hopes  we  will  be  there  time  Enough  for  them. 
Pray  Sir  if  Possible  Procure  me  a  Quire  of  Paper  as 
I  cannot  get  one  Sheet. 

To  Col.  William  Preston.    To  be  forwarded  by  Mr.  Fetter 

Stiffay    In  Haste. 


[Instructions  of  Colonel  Preston  to  Major  Robertson. 
3QQI38.] 

SIR — You  are  to  march  immediately  down  the  River 
with  what  Men  you  have,  &  when  you  go  to  Culber- 
son's  Bottom  take  the  Command  of  the  Officers  and 
Men  there.  If  there  are  more  Officers  than  are  al 
lowed  by  Law  for  the  proportion  of  Men,  they  are  to 
be  discharged,  or  take  their  chance  for  their  Pay  when 
the  Accounts  come  to  be  settled.  You  are  to  use  your 
utmost  Endeavours  to  prevent  the  Enemy  from  come- 
ing  by  that  important  Pass,  &  to  Protect  the  Settlers 
at  that  Place  as  well  as  at  Rich  Creek.  You  are  with 
your  Men  &  the  Inhabitants  at  the  Bottom  to  con 
struct  a  small  Stockhade  Fort  for  the  Protection  of 
the  Inhabitants,  and  the  Reception  of  a  Company.  I 
will  not  engage  that  the  Men  shall  be  paid,  but  on 
your  keeping  a  just  account  of  their  Labour,  I  shall 


96  DUN M ORE'S  WAR 

use  my  endeavours  for  that  Purpose.  This  Fort 
when  built  must  be  a  place  for  the  Company  to  resort, 
in  order  to  be  supplied  with  Provisions  when  they  are 
ranging.  I  need  not  tell  you  how  necessary  it  is  to 
be  constantly  on  your  Guard  to  prevent  a  surprize, 
upon  this  depends  the  Lives  of  many  of  your  Com 
pany  &  many  of  the  Inhabitants  as  also  your  own  and 
the  Company's  Reputation  as  Soldiers.  The  detest 
able  practice  of  wantonly  firing  Guns  without  any 
cause  is  also  to  be  avoided,  as  it  not  only  wastes  Am 
munition  which  is  so  very  scarce,  but  gives  the  Enemy 
notice  where  you  are,  so  that  they  will  either  take 
the  advantage  of  your  Imprudence  and  surprize  you, 
or  Pass  by  the  Company  &  ravage  the  Country.  You 
are  to  keep  up  a  strict  Discipline  amongst  the  Men 
&  see  that  every  Officer  under  your  Command  punct 
ually  and  faithfully  perform  their  duty  and  if  any  are 
Mutinous  disobedient  or  neglegent  thereof,  you  are 
to  keep  an  Account  &  return  such  to  me  when  you 
come  that  they  may  at  least  lose  their  Pay;  and  be 
otherwise  punished  as  the  Invasion  Law  directs.  But 
as  the  Officers  &  Soldiers  are  out  with  a  view  to  serve 
&  protect  their  Country  &  share  the  benefit  of  such 
Protection ;  I  hope  they  will  behave  in  the  best  manner 
&  not  subject  you  to  the  disagreeable  Necessity  of 
Reporting  any  bad  Conduct,  or  me  to  the  Task  of 
having  any  Punished,  either  by  loss  of  Pay  or  other 
wise.  But  you  are  by  no  means  to  secrete  or  over 
look  Breeches  of  Duty,  as  you  may  also  depend  in  this 
case  of  being  proceeded  against  as  the  Law  directs, 
&  not  being  called  upon  active  duty  for  the  future. 
You  will  endeavour  to  have  the  Men  provided  for  on 
the  cheapest  and  easiest  Terms  you  Possibly  can.  You 


EXPEDITION  TO  OHIO  97 

are  also  to  have  the  Care  of  any  Scouts  on  that  Quar 
ter,  this  is  a  most  important  duty,  &  must  be  carefully 
looked  into.  You  are  to  write  to  me  as  opportunity 
offers,  or  by  Express  if  there  is  Occasion.  In  every 
part  of  your  duty  you  are  to  behave  yourself  as  a  good 
an[d]  faithful  Officer  ought  to  do.  I  wish  you  Safety 
and  Success  &  am  Sir  Your  humble  Servt 

WM.  PRSSTON 

July  22d  1774 

To  Major  James  Robertson  who  is  to  take  command  of  a 
Company 


EXPEDITION  TO  OHIO  ORDERED 

[Lord  Dunmore  to  Col.  Andrew  Lewis.    3QQi4i.42] 

SIR — I  received  your's  and  Colo.  Charles  Lewis  Let 
ters,  the  general  Confederacy  of  Different  Indian 
Nations  their  repeated  Hostilities  (there  were  six  Men 
Murdered  on  Dunkard  Creek  on  the  i8th  instant)43 
the  Discovery  of  Indians  &  universal  Alarm  through 
out  all  the  frontiers  of  the  Colony  &  the  unhappy 
situation  of  the  Divided  People  settled  over  the  Ala- 
gany  Mountain's  makes  it  necessary  for  [me  to]  go 
in  Person  to  Fort  Dunmore  to  put  Matters  under  the 
best  Regulation  to  Support  that  Country  for  a  Bar 
rier  [and]  give  the  Enemies  a  Blow  that  will  Breake 
the  Confederacy  &  render  their  plans  abortive  I  in- 


42  This  letter  is  a  copy  made  for  Colonel  Preston  by  some 
illiterate  person. — ED. 

43  On  the  massacre  at  Dunkard  Creek,  see  Amer.  Archives, 
4th  series,  i,  p.  678;  Penna.  Archives,  iv,  p.  550;  and  Crumrine, 
Washington  County  (Phila.,  1882),  p.  69.— ED. 

7 


98  DVNMORE'S  WAR 

tend  to  take  as  [many]  men  from  this  quarter  as  I 
Can  get  in  order  in  some  [so]  short  time  &  Desire 
you  to  raise  a  respectable  Boddy  of  Men  and  join  me 
either  at  the  mouth  of  the  greate  Kanaway  or  Waiten 
as  is  most  Convenient  for  you.  the  Indians  having 
Spies  on  the  Frontiers  thefy]  may  Bring  all  the  Force 
of  the  Shawnees  against  you  in  your  march  to  the 
Mouth  of  the  Kenawey  so  I  would  have  you  Consider 
in  What  Time  You  Could  get  them  and  other  things 
ready  so  to  meet  me  at  eny  Place  at  Ohio  in  as  Short 
time  as  you  Can  let  me  know  the  Same  by  the  return 
of  the  express  and  forward  the  Letter  to  Colo.  Wm. 
Preston  with  the  greatest  Dispatch  as  I  want  his  As 
sistance  as  well  as  that  of  your  Brother,  Charles  Lewis, 
the  Expense  of  the  Numerous  scouting  Parties  in  the 
Different  Counties  forming  an  Expensive  Frontere 
Will  soon  exceed  the  Expences  of  an  Expedition 
Against  their  Towns  which  will  be  more  effectiaul  & 
we  may  as  well  depend  on  the  House  of  burgess  pro 
viding  for  the  Expedition  as  for  a  greater  Expence  of 
Acting  on  the  Defensive  at  eny  rate  we  know  the 
Old  Law  [is]  Still  in  force  as  far  as  it  goes  we  are 
sure  of  being  reimbersed  I  wish  you  would  Acquaint 
Colo.  Preston  of  Contents  of  this  Letter  that  those  he 
Sends  Out  may  joine  you  and  Pray  be  as  explicit  as 
you  Can  as  to  the  time  &  place  of  Meeting  I  need  not 
inform  You  how  necessary  Dispatch  is. 
I  am  Sir  Your  Most  OR  &  very  Hbl.  Ser 

DUNMORE 
WINCHESTER  July  24^  1774 

Col°.  Lewies 


NEW  RIVER  99 


DEFENSE  OF  NEW  BIVEB 

[Maj.  James  Robertson  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ67, 68.] 

FORT  DUN  MORE44  26th  juiy  ^74 

SIR — I  have  met  at  this  Place  Six  or  Seven  men 
that  Left  Culberson's  and  has  Perswaded  them  all 
Back  but  one  (William  Atkins)  Tomorrow  I  Ex 
pect  they  will  Set  off  all  hands  as  they  Declare  they 
will,  unless  I  Can  Stop  them  this  Evening  this  morn 
ing  I  met  with  Seven  men  Just  making  Ready  to 
Leave  this  Fort  that  had  Given  up  their  Crops  Intirely 
as  they  were  some  on  Blue  Stone  though  Every  one 
Lived  a  Great  Distance  from  here,  they  have  En 
gaged  to  be  Ready  at  a  Call  at  any  time  Hary  Tom- 
son  Sets  of  [f]  to  morrow  they  tell  me  and  his  Party  all 
Goes  off  with  him,  Onless  you  Send  Some  men  down 
the  Case  will  be  Bad  So  that  I  must  stay  with  not 
more  then  Six  men  unless  I  kill  part  and  tye  the 
Other  I  Expect  we  will  have  a  war  amongst  our 
Selves  without  that  of  the  Indians,  these  men  tells  me 
they  are  fresh  Signs  of  Indians  Seen  Every  Morning 
about  the  plantation  at  Forbes,  Sir  Both  men  and 
Amunition  will  be  much  wanted  about  this  Place 
verry  Soon  as  I  Expect  A  Large  Body  of  Indians 
Emediately.  I  Shall  Stand  by  the  Place  Agreeable 
to  my  Orders  if  Death  Should  be  my  Fate  I  am  Sir 
yours 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

N,  B.    the  men  I  got  to  day  I  Station  Here  as  the 


44  Not  the  fort  at  Pittsburg ;  evidently  a  local  blockhouse  on 
New  River. — ED. 


100  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Setters  here  was  under  the  Necessity  of  moving  I 
have   made   them  up   Ten   Soldiers   and   they    Seem 
Satisfy'd 
To  Col.  Wm.  Preston  Pr  Rob*.  Cravat 


FORT  BvRD45  28th  July  1774 

DR.  SIR— we  will  have  our  Fort  Genteely  finished 
this  week,  we  have  25  private  at  this  Place  I  have 
ten  at  old  Billey  wood's.  I  would  be  glad  to  have 
Some  more  men  and  Amun[i]tion  if  it  was  not  So 
good,  it  would  do  to  keep  the  fort,  there  is  Signs  of 
the  Indians  Seen  here  Every  morning  and  I  Expect 
they  will  give  us  a  Salute  when  they  Assemble  their 
party  altogether  if  I  had  Some  more  men  I  Could 
turn  out  with  a  party  which  I  would  be  Extreamly 
fond  of.  I  have  Sent  out  the  Scouts  this  morning  and 
to  Continue  out  three  days  unless  they  See  much  signs 
of  Indians. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir  your  Hbl.  Servant 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

N.  B.  there  is  a  good  many  of  the  men  in  this 
place  will  go  with  me  to  the  Shany's  [Shawnee]  towns 
Tom  Masdin  is  Sick  and  wants  to  go  home.  Harry 
Thomson  Set  off  yesterday  with  Some  men.  I  Could 
not  Prevail  on  him  to  Stay  a  few  days,  untill  the  men 
would  Come  out,  as  he  Said  his  Business  was  So 
Urgent  at  Court.  Sir  as  I  [am]  on  Duty  here  and  has 
no  Chance  to  Raise  A  Company  for  the  present  Expdn. 


45  Not  the  one  of  that  name  on  Clinch,  see  ante,  p.  85 ;  prob 
ably  the  fort  at  Culbertson's,  which  Robertson  was  ordered 
out  to  build.  Col.  William  Byrd  was  popular  with  the 
frontiersmen,  and  no  doubt  more  than  one  stockade  received 
his  name. — ED. 


THE  COMMISSARIAT  IOI 

Please  to  give  my  Comlmts.  to  Old  Will  In[g]les46  & 
with  a  Litle  of  your  own  assistance  I  hope  you  Can 
Engage  us  Some  men 

I  am  yrs.     J  R 
To  Col  William  Preston  pr.  Tho«.  Masdin 


PROVISIONING  THE  EXPEDITION 

[Capt.  John  Connolly  to  Capt  William  Harrod.    4NN8.] 

FORT  DUN  MORE  July  i6*h  1774 

SIR — As  Capt.  Pentecost47  has  engaged  to  furnish 
all  the  Militia  on  Service  with  Provisions,  you  will 


46  William  Ingles  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1729;  at  an  early 
age  he  emigrated  with  his  father  to  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1744 
started  on  an  exploring  trip  to  southwest  Virginia,  where  in 
1748,  with  John  Draper,  he  made  the  earliest  settlement  on 
western  waters  at  Draper's  Meadows  (Smithfield).  Two 
years  later  he  married  Mary  Draper,  who  was  captured  by  In 
dians  during  his  absence  from  home  in  1755.  She  afterwards 
made  her  famous  escape,  and  remarkable  journey  home,  from 
the  Ohio  towns  to  the  settlements.  See  Hale,  Trans-Alle 
gheny  Pioneers,  pp.  29-98;  Waddell,  Augusta  County,  pp. 
110-115.  Ingles  was  occupied  during  all  the  Indian  wars  in 
defense  of  the  frontier.  In  1756,  he  went  as  lieutenant  on  the 
Sandy  Creek  expedition ;  from  1758-60  he  was  ranging  or  de 
fending  the  fort  at  Ingles's  Ferry.  In  1763,  he  overtook  a  raid 
ing  party,  rescued  several  prisoners,  and  regained  much  booty. 
On  the  Point  Pleasant  campaign  he  acted  as  commissary,  with 
the  rank  of  major.  Upon  the  organization  of  Montgomery 
County  (1777),  he  was  made  colonel  of  militia;  but  his  loyalty 
to  the  American  cause  was  considered  somewhat  doubtful, 
and  in  1780  a  court  was  convened  to  try  him  for  complicity 
in  a  Loyalist  plot.  The  evidence  proved  inconclusive,  but  he 
was  held  to  a  large  bond.  Two  years  later  (1782),  he  died  at 
his  home  at  Ingles's  Ferry,  where  his  descendants  still  reside, 
the  principal  people  of  the  neighborhood. — ED. 

47Dorsey  Pentecost  was  a  Virginian,  who  settled  in  the 
present  Westmoreland  County,  Pa.,  in  1769.  He  served  as 
magistrate  for  Pennsylvania,  but  in  the  boundary  dispute 


102  DUN M ORE'S  WAR 

please  to  let  Him  have  the  Cattle  you  have  bought  for 
Whalin,  for  to  be  sent  down  there  with  all  possible 
expedition.  The  Men  who  you  have  had  in  pay  you 
are  to  discharge  immediately,  &  give  them  a  certificate 
for  their  Services  done. 

They  had  better  enter  into  some  Companies  that  are 
on  actual  Service  of  Government  to  the  end  that  they 
may  be  completed 

I  am  Sir  Yours  &c: 

JNO.  CONNOLLY 

Capt  Wm.  Harrod  Ten  Mile 


[Capt.  Dorsey  Pentecost  to  Capt  William  Harrod.    4NNg.] 

July  2otb  1774 

DR  SIR — I  am  appointed  conductor  of  stores  and 
provisions  and  Contractor  for  the  Army  and  Capt. 
Connolly  Tells  me  you  have  purchased  up  a  percel  of 
Cattle  for  the  use  of  the  Militia  in  actual  Service,  if 
you  have  Convey  them  to  the  mouth  of  Wheeling  as 
Quick  as  Possible,  &  Take  an  acct.  of  our  Expences, 
what  you  gave  for  them  and  when  you  deliver  them 
have  them  appraised  and  Take  cear  of  all  the  aces,  as 
I  may  be  able  to  Settle  with  you,  Capt.  Connolly  desire 
you  may  discharge  what  men  you  have  Except  you 
can  raise  a  Company.  I  am  D.  Sir  yrs. 

DOR  PENTECOST 


sided  with  Virginia,  and  was  one  of  Connolly's  ablest  lieuten 
ants.  In  1777  he  removed  to  Youghiogheny  River,  and  for  sev 
eral  years  was  judge  for  Washington  County.  In  1778  he 
aided  as  county  lieutenant  in  gathering  troops  for  Clark's 
Illinois  expedition.  He  died  in  1802  at  his  home  on  Char- 
tier's  Creek.— ED. 


GREENBRIER  AND  NEW  RIVER  103 

[Receipt  of  Capt.  William  Crawford  to  Capt  William  Harrod. 
4NN9.] 

August  the  2d.  1774 

Received  of  Capt.  Wm.  Herrad  Twenty  Five  Beeves 
for  the  use  of  the  militia  at  Fort  Fincastle    I  say  Reed. 

CRAWFORD48 


ATTACKS    ON    GREENBBIER;    DEFENSE    OP    NEW 
RIVER 

[Maj.  James  Robertson  to   Col.   William  Preston.    3QQ6Q- ] 

CULBERSONS  i^t  August  1774 

SIR — About  three  hours  agoe  John  Draper  Came 
here  with  thirteen  men,  which  makes  our  Number  33 
or  thereabouts  this  minet  I  got  flying  news  of  the 
Indians  Shooting  at  one  of  Arbuckles  Centery's  on 
mudy  Creek.49  they  Say  Likewise  that  they  Atacted 


48  William    Crawford    was   born    about    1722,    in   Virginia, 
whence   he  removed  to  the   frontier   in   early  manhood.     He 
learned  surveying  from  Washington,  and  in  1755  was  an  en 
sign  of  Virginia  troops  serving  thtoughout  the  French  and 
Indian  War  and  that  of  Pontiac  (1763).     In  1765  he  removed 
to  the  Youghiogheny  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  most 
influential  settlers,  accompanying  Washington  down  the  Ohio 
in  1770.     In  Lord  Dunmore's  War,  he  made  three  expeditions 
toward  the  Indian  territory,  in  the  second  of  which  he  built 
Fort  Fincastle.    He  was  major  in  Dunmore's  division,  and 
commanded   a   side   expedition    which   destroyed   the   Mingo 
towns — see  post.    He  was  colonel  of  a  Virginia  regiment  in 
the  Revolution,  and  in  1782  led  an  expedition  against  the  Wy- 
andot  at  Sandusky,  when  he  was  captured,  and  tortured  to 
death    at    the    stake.      See    Butterfield,    Expedition    against 
Sandusky  (Cincinnati,  1873). — ED. 

49  Capt.  Matthew  Arbuckle  was  one  of  the  most  experienced 
woodsmen   and   Indian   fighters   of  his   time.    He   was   born 
about  1742,  and  removed  while  young  to  the  upper  James.     In 
1765,  with  one  or  two  companions,  he  explored  the  Kanawha 


104  DUNM ORE'S  W 'AR 

one  Kelley's  yesterday  about  half  a  mile  from  that 
Fort  where  they  Tomhak'd  Kelley  and  Cut  him 
Vastly,  but  the  men  from  the  fort  heard  the  Noise 
and  Ran  to  their  Assistance  and  drove  the  Indans.  off 
before  they  Either  Kill'd  or  Sculp'd  Kelley  they  took 
his  Daughter  Prisoner  its  Said;50  but  the  Certainty  of 
any  of  the  newes  I  Canot  Assert  I  am  in  hopes  they 
will  be  able  to  defend  themselves  at  no  great  Risque 
there,  as  John  Stewart  has  A  Company  they  tell  me  in 
the  Levils  of  Greenbrier  not  more  then  Six  miles  from 
Arbuckles  fort51  I  keep  the  Scouts  out  Continualy 
and  has  Seen  no  fresh  Signs  this  four  or  five  days.  I 


Valley  to  the  Ohio — the  first  white  man  to  pass  this  way  ex 
cept  as  an  Indian  prisoner.  On  this  campaign  he  was  chosen 
captain  of  a  company  of  scouts,  and  as  guide  for  Lewis's  divi 
sion  of  the  army.  In  1776  he  was  sent  to  command  Fort 
Randolph,  erected  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha,  and  defended 
this  important  frontier  post  for  three  years,  being  in  charge 
when  Cornstalk  was  killed.  He  was  an  able  and  efficient  of 
ficer,  much  trusted  by  General  Hand,  the  head  of  the  division 
at  Fort  Pitt.  Captain  Arbuckle  was  killed  on  his  way  home 
from  Staunton  to  Greenbrier  (1781),  by  a  falling  tree  in  a 
great  storm.  His  son,  of  the  same  name,  was  a  general  in 
the  regular  army. — ED. 

50  For  full  details  of  this  disaster,  see  Stuart's  "Narrative," 
in  Virginia  Historical  Collections,  i,  pp.  37-68;  and  Magazine 
of  American  History,  i,  pp.  668,  740.  The  captive  was  Kelly's 
niece. — ED. 

51Capt.  John  Stuart  (his  autograph  signature  reads  at  dif 
ferent  times  both  Stuart  and  Stewart)  was  born  in  Scotland, 
1749,  and  twenty  years  later  made  the  first  settlement  on 
Greenbrier,  where  the  town  of  Frankfort  now  is.  He  had  a 
private  fort  on  his  own  estate,  called  Fort  Spring.  In  1770 
he  was  a  magistrate  of  Botetourt  County,  and  later  first  clerk 
of  Greenbrier.  He  commanded  a  company  under  Col.  Charles 
Lewis  for  the  Point  Pleasant  campaign,  and  in  his  old  age 
(1820)  wrote  a  narrative  thereof  (see  preceding  note).  He 
died  at  his  Greenbrier  home  in  1823. 

The  "Levils  of  Greenbrier"  was  the  present  site  of  Lewis- 
burg  (organized  as  a  town  in  1782),  where  Camp  Union  stood, 
the  rendezvous  of  Lewis's  army. — ED. 


GREENBRIER  AND  NEW  RIVER  105 

Set  out  tomorow  with  about  Twenty  men  and  will 
take  a  Trip  Nigh  to  the  Glades,  and  Return  as  Quick 
as  possible  again  Least  there  Should  be  use  for  us 
nearer  Our  fort,     as  John  Draper  Came  down  Yes 
terday  he  Surely  Seen  the  Tracks  of  five  or  Six  In 
dians  he  says  on  Wolf  Creek,52  and  they  made  in  to 
wards  the  Setlement,     it  would  be  well  for  the  people 
to  be  on  their  Guard  or  Indeed  some  party  sent  that 
way  to  Range  about,     as  to  my  Going  in  Sir  its  Im 
possible  Unless  we  Give  up  this  place  Intirely  for  the 
men  Swairs  the  minet  I  set  off  they  Will  Start  Like 
wise,     and  Indeed  I  cannot  leave  the  Compy.  as  I  See, 
for  there  is  no  one  that  Can  keep  any  Accts.  or  do  any 
thing    towards    Geting    Provisions    for    the    Compy. 
Which  is  Realy  Vastly  hard  to  get     I  was  in  hopes 
there  would  been  some  flower  fr[om]   M.  Thomsons 
for    us    before    now     the    Place    must    Undoubtedly 
Bre[ak]   up  Unless  we  Get   Some  Amunition     there 
has  not  been  three  Loads  of  the  Powder  that  I  got 
from  you  made  use  of  but  that  Ouaintyty  to  Pretend 
to  keep  A  Fort  and  Range  About  in  Such  A  Place  is 
Equail  almost  to  none.     I  Should  be  Sorry  to  Urge 
but  there  is  no  Possibility  of  Defending  our  Selves  or 
doing  any  good  Without  Amunition.    we  have  finished 
our  fort  and  I  think  not  a  dispiseable  one.     I  have 
been  about  Raiseing  a  House  for  to  hold  Provisions 
and  Amunition  but  I  am  Afraid  the  Place  wont  be 
Over  Stocked  with  Either,  in  haste,  as  the  one  Cant 
be  Possibley  got,  and  the  Other  People  Seems  Easey 
About    furnishing    us    with.     Sir  I  Abide  by  Your 
Directions  and  Waits  for  any  Orders  from  you  which 


62  Wolf  Creek  is  a  southwestern  affluent  of  New  River.— ED. 


106  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Shall  be  Obey'd  with  as  much  Exactness  as  in  my 
power  Lys  Sir  I  heartyly  wish  you  &  your  Famyley 
Safety  and  am  your  Obdt.  Servant 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

N.  B.     I  am  afraid  111  be  far  behinn  about  my  Corny, 
for  the  Shany  Expdn.  as  I  am  confined  here 

Holton  Monoy  Jos.  Turner 

W™.  Neal  Jn°.  Corder  10 

Jn°.  Alsup  Michael  Stump 

Wm.  Day  Ab  Mounts 

Alex1'.  Mares  Jn<>.  Denton 

Peter  Dingus  Jos.  Mares  14 

John  Smith  Jas.  Adair  15 

Thos.  Shannon  Jn<>.  Shannon  16 

To  Col.  William  Preston    To  be  forwarded  by  Mr.  W^. 
Thompson    In  Haste 


OFFICERS  FOB  HOLSTON 

[Col.  William  Preston  to  Capt.  Evan  Shelby.    5XX4-] 

DEAR  SIR — I  wrote  to  you  last  night  begging  your 
acceptance  of  a  Commission  in  our  Militia.  Since 
which  time  Capt.  Bledsoe53  Resigned  alleging  he  did 


53  Anthony  Bledsoe  was  born  in  Culpeper  County  in  1733. 
In  early  life  he  left  home  and  pushed  to  the  frontier,  being 
a  merchant  at  Fort  Chiswell  as  early  as  1766.  He  removed 
in  1774  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  Shelbys.  He  was  active 
in  all  public  affairs,  being  magistrate  of  Botetourt,  Fincastle, 
and  Washington  counties.  In  1777-78  he  was  member  of  the 
assembly  for  Washington.  In  1784  he  removed  to  Cumber 
land,  and  settled  at  Bledsoe's  Lick,  immediately  becoming 
prominent  in  that  country,  representing  his  district  in  the 
North  Carolina  assembly  from  1785  until  killed  either  by 
Indians  or  white  enemies  (1788).  In  military  affairs  Bled 
soe  was  most  useful.  He  went  on  the  Point  Pleasant  cam 
paign  (see  letters,  post)  as  commissary  for  Christian's 
division,  with  rank  of  major.  In  1776  he  held  high  rank 


OFFICERS  FOR  HOLSTON. 


107 


not  get  the  Rank  he  ought  to  have  done.  I  have  ap 
pointed  Mr.  Wm.  Cocke  a  Captain54  Therefore  the 
lower  part  of  the  old  Company  will  fall  to  you.  The 
Division  may  be  made  by  You  and  Capt  Cocke;  &  I 
have  filled  a  Lieutenants  Commission  for  your  Brother 
who  I  hope  will  accept  thereof,  as  Mr.  Logan  will  be  in 
Cockes  Company. 

I  hope  my  Dear  Captain  Shelby  you  will  Excuse  my 
giving  you  so  much  Trouble  but  the  apology  I  made 


under  Christian,  and  commanded  the  forces  at  Long  Island 
until  July,  1777.  He  went  out  against  the  Chickamaugas  in 
1779;  and  only  remained  at  home  from  King's  Mountain  upon 
the  representation  that  it  was  his  duty  to  protect  the  frontier. 
A  prominent,  able  officer  and  representative,  his  death  was  a 
great  loss  to  the  young  community  of  which  he  made  part. 
Many  of  his  autograph  letters  are  in  the  Draper  MSS. — ED. 

54  William  Cocke  was  one  of  the  remarkable  men  of  this 
region,  serving  in  the  legislatures  of  four  states,  and  in  the 
federal  senate,  as  well  as  on  many  military  campaigns.  He 
was  born  (1748)  in  Amelia  County,  son  of  a  well-known 
colonial  family  (for  his  antecedents,  see  sketch  in  American 
Historical  Magazine,  Nashville,  July,  1896).  He  studied  law 
before  removing  to  Holston,  where  he  settled  in  1769.  He 
was  an  orator  of  brilliancy  and  power,  and  popular  with  his 
community.  After  his  service  in  Lord  Dunmore's  War,  he 
went  out  to  Kentucky  with  the  party  that  settled  Boonesbor- 
ough,  but  returned  to  the  Watauga,  and  participated  in  the 
Cherokee  campaign,  in  which  he  was  accused  of  cowardice, 
and  suspended  from  his  office.  In  1777,  however,  he  was  sent 
to  the  Virginia  assembly,  and  in  1780  led  a  company  at  King's 
Mountain.  Upon  the  formation  of  the  State  of  Franklin,  he 
embraced  the  new  movement  with  enthusiasm,  and  was  sent 
to  Washington  in  its  behalf.  After  that  failure,  he  was  made 
brigadier-general  of  militia  for  Tennessee,  and  in  1796  one  of 
the  first  of  its  federal  senators — an  office  to  which  he  was 
re-elected  in  1799.  In  1809  he  was  circuit  judge  for  Tennes 
see,  and  later  a  member  of  its  legislature.  In  1812  he  re 
moved  to  Columbus,  Miss.,  and  upon  the  outbreak  of  the 
War  of  1812-15  volunteered  as  a  private  soldier.  Appointed 
Cherokee  Indian  agent  in  1814,  he  died  at  Columbus,  Miss., 
in  1828.— ED. 


ic8  DUN  M  ORE'S  WAR 

last  night  in  my  Letter  is  all  I  can  make  now.     There 
fore  hopes  it  will  Suffice. 

I  am  with  great  Respect  Dr  Sir  your  most  Obedt. 

Servt  WM.  PRESTON 

Wednesday  Evening  2nd  [Aug]ust  1774 
To  Cap*  Shelby  on  Holston 


HARROD'S  PARTY  GO  OUT  ON  EXPEDITION 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ70.J 

SIR — I  have  just  now  met  the  Bearer  Mr.  Harod, 
and  has  communicated  to  him  what  was  agreed  upon, 
about  his  affairs  Yesterday;  He  Wishes  that  the 
Name  of  the  Command  of  his  own  Men,  may  be 
given  him,  and  that  he  may  be  esteemed,  and  con 
sulted,  as  their  Chief  officer,  on  future  Occasions  ;65  I 
told  him  that  all  that  was  intended,  was  that  he  was 


55  In  March,  1774,  James  Harrod,  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1742,  then  resident  upon  Ten  Mile  Creek,  in  Washington 
County,  Pa.,  advertised  that  he  would  lead  a  party  to  take  up 
lands  in  Kentucky — a.  region  he  had  explored  the  preceding 
year.  About  thirty  young  men  thereupon  collected  at  Grave 
Creek,  upon  the  Ohio,  and  in  canoes  floated  down  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Kentucky,  thence  up  that  river  and  the  Licking, 
where  they  began  improvements  on  the  site  of  Harrodsburg. 
Nearly  forty  cabins  had  been  raised  and  much  corn  planted, 
when  Boone  and  Stoner  warned  the  party  of  the  danger  of 
Indian  assaults.  The  entire  party  set  out  for  the  Holston 
settlements ;  and  Harrod,  finding  recruiting  going  on,  per 
suaded  most  of  his  party  to  enlist.  They  were  in  Christian's 
brigade,  and  so  too  late  for  the  battle  at  the  Point.  In  1775 
Harrod  returned  to  Kentucky;  and  thenceforward  lived  per 
manently  at  Harrodsburg,  much  respected  by  the  community 
until  his  death  in  1793.  He  died  in  the  woods,  and  his  fam 
ily  believed  that  he  had  been  murdered. — ED. 


RANGING 


I09 


to  be  joined,  to  Capt.  Russell  only  in  making  Returns, 
to  the  General  officer,  and  the  pay  Roll ;  he  has  wrote 
back  to  Mr.  Cowan  (who  Acts  as  his  Lieutenant)56  to 
bring  the  Men  to  my  House,  or  whatever  place  I  ap 
point  on  Holston,  for  Rendezvous.  It  may  be  well 
to  encourage  such  a  Man  as  Capt.  Harod.  \vrith  his 
party,  on  the  present  occasion :  as  far  as  may  be  con- 
sistant  with  the  discipline,  that  may  be  necessary  on 
the  Expedition,  as  he  seems  very  forward  to  go  against 
the  Enemy;  Please  write  me  back  by  him  about  this 
affair  that  I  may  inform  Capt.  Russell. 
I  am  Sir  your  most  Humble  Servt. 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 
Augt.  3^.  1774 


RANGING  AND  ENLISTING 

[Maj.  James   Robertson  to  Col.   William  Preston.    3QQ7I-] 

Saturday  6th  August  1774  CULBERSONS 
SIR — I  suppose  you  heard  of  the  Indians  Killing 
Kelley  on  mudy  Creek,  we  heard  Some  Flying  accts 
of  it,  but  not  the  perticulars  I  have  been  Out  and  Sent 
Party's  Out  Every  Other  day  Since  I  came  down 
John  Draper  Sets  off  to  day  with  about  Twenty  men 
to  the  Clover  Bottom  on  Blue  Stone,  and  if  no  Signs 
there  he  Will  Take  Round  by  the  Glades  and  Into  the 


56  John  Cowan  was  with  Harrod  in  1774  and  again  in  1775. 
He    settled    at  Harrodsburg,  and  was    a    prominent    Indian 
fighter.— ED. 

57  James  McCall  was  a  pioneer  who  lived  on  Reed  Creek 
as  early  as  1750,  when  Dr.  Walker  passed  that  way.     One  of 
the  same  name  acted  as  scout  in  the  Cherokee  campaign  of 
1776.— ED. 


1 10  DUNMORE'S  IV AR 

Garison  by  the  mouth  of  Blue  Stone  the  Scouts  is 
Constantly  out  but  Wheither  or  no  they  are  to  be 
trusted  with  Such  A  Weighty  Afair  or  not  I  Cannot 
tell.  Sir  I  would  be  Glad  you  Could  Send  a  few  hands 
down  to  Joyn  John  Draper  and  his  Party  which  is  only 
thirteen  as,  the  most  of  the  men  that  Came  with  me 
and  mastins  party  that  Came  with  him  wants  to  be  Re- 
leiv'd  Against  the  last  of  Next  week  as  Several  of 
them  is  Determined  to  go  with  me  to  the  Shanesse 
towns,  Sir  you  must  know  the  Great  Necessity  I  have 
to  be  in,  to  try  to  make  up  my  Compy.  and  make  Ready 
as  well  as  these  men  that  goes  with  me.  I  would  been 
m  Sooner  but  by  no  means  Could  Leave  the  men  for 
several  Reasons,  and  the  Day  I  Set  off  I  Am  Sure 
they  will  all  be  Along,  and  Against  we  get  in  it  will  be 
three  weeks  and  Some  A  month,  as  Long  as  one  party 
I  believe  Can  Well  Stay.  Sir  I  am  Your  Hble.  Servant 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

N.  B.     we  have  not  Seen  the  Signs  of  any  Indians 
Since  I  Came  here.     Pray  Sir  Send  down  Some  flower 
and  Powder  and  Lead  if  Possible,    Let  it  be  Good  or 
Bad 
Col.  William  Preston    P*.  John  Shillin. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL,  APRIL  7— AUGUST  9 

[Extract  from  a  Journal  kept  on  the  River  Ohio  in  the  year 
1774.     I4J58-84-58] 

April  7th.  gth.     We  left  Col.  Wm  Preston's  in  Fin- 
castle  County  at  one  o'clock  in  high  spirits,  escorted 

68 This  journal  was  copied  in   1855   for  Lyman   C.   Draper 
from  the  original  in  the  possession  of  Mrs.  Louisa  Johnston 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  III 

by  the  Coin,  three  miles,  eight  of  us  being  in  company, 
viz  Mr.  John  Floyd  assistant  surveyor,  Mr.  Douglas,59 
Do.  Mr.  Hite,  Mr.  Dandridge,  Thos  Hanson,  James 
Nocks  [Knox.60— L.  C.  D.]  Roderick  Me  Cra  &  Mor- 
decai  Batson.  We  travelled  fifteen  miles  to  John 
Me.  Guffin's  at  Sinking  Creek.61 

9th.  We  rose  early  in  the  morning,  and  crossed 
Rich  Creek  mountain  &  travelled  27  miles  to  Robt. 
Carliles  and  were  entertained  very  well  according  to 
the  People's  ability 


Trigg  of  Abingdon,  Virginia,  by  Prof.  George  F.  Holmes  of 
the  University  of  Virginia.  In  May,  1890,  W.  D.  Hixson 
compared  with  this  his  copy,  also  taken  from  the  original,  and 
made  a  few  corrections.  See  also  notes  in  Roosevelt,  Win 
ning  of  the  West,  i,  pp.  159-164. — ED. 

59  For    Floyd    see  ante,    p.    9.     James    Douglas    had  visited 
Kentucky   the  year  before    (1773),   having  led   an   exploring 
party  down  the  Ohio,  and  visited  the  Big  Bone  Lick,  where 
he  built  a  tent,  using  the  giant  bones  as  poles.     As  will  ap 
pear  later,  the  outbreak  of  the  war  and  the  massacre  of  three 
men    near   Harrodsburg   caused    Douglas's   party    to    escape. 
They  went  in  a  big  perogue  down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to 
New   Orleans,   thence  via   Pensacola  and  Charleston   to  Wil- 
liamsburgh,  where  Douglas  arrived  in  Dec.,   1774   (autograph 
letter  in  Draper  MSS.,  3QQi37).     The  next  spring  this  pio 
neer  went  out  to  Harrodsburg,  whence  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the    Transylvania    Convention  (1775).     He    finally    settled  in 
Bourbon  County,  Ky.,  where  he  died  in   1793. — ED. 

60  James  Knox  was  an  Irishman,  who  emigrated  to  America 
when  but  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  began  a  career  as  hunter 
and  trapper.     He  was  a  leader  of  the  "Long  Hunters"  of  1769, 
and  scout  in  Lord  Dunmore's  War.     At  its  close  he  enlisted 
a  company  of  men  for  Morgan's  rifle  corps,  and  served  with 
distinction    at    Saratoga    and    Stillwater,    retiring    with    the 
rank  of  major.     He  settled  in  Kentucky,  where  he  acquired 
land  and  distinction,   was  colonel  of  militia,  member  of  the 
state  legislature,  and  married  the  widow   of  Gen.   Benjamin 
Logan.     He  died  at  his  home  in  Shelby  County  in  Dec.,  1822. 
See  Draper  MSS.,  30251,  252.— ED. 

61  Sinking  Creek  is  so  called  because  at  low  water  it  sinks 
below  ground,  and  empties  into  New  River,  below  the  surface 
of  the  latter,  at  the  base  of  Anvil  Cliff.— ED. 


112  DUNMORE'S 

roth.  We  travelled  to  Mr.  Hardy's,  27  miles  the 
land  mountanious  with  some  good  bottoms  or  pieces  of 
Low  Grounds, 

nth.  We  travelled  to  Mr.  Kelly's  old  house  15 
miles  over  a  Mountain,  and  bought  a  brass  kettle  for 
18  shillings. 

1 2th.  We  traveled  about  30  miles  over  a  Ridge  and 
Hills — &  stopped  at  a  Laurel  Branch. 

1 3th.  We  traveled  about  27  miles — crossing  Gauly 
Mountain,  &  overtook  Mr.  Hancock  Taylor,  assistant 
surveyor  &  his  Companey  of  seven  men  and  Himself. 

I4th.  We  arrived  at  Mr.  Kelly's  below  the  falls  of 
New  River62 — 24  miles  where  we  expected  to  have 
got  a  canoe,  but  were  disappointed,  Taylor  likewise 
stopped  to  make  a  Canoe,  and  Mr.  Floyd  hearing  there 
was  one  at  Elk  River  unfinished  hired  a  man  at  35  per 
day  to  go  &  finish  it. 

1 5th.  We  proceeded  14  miles  down  the  river  pass 
ing  by  the  burning  springs — which  is  one  of  the  won 
ders  of  the  world.63  Put  a  blaze  of  pine  within  3  or 


62  The  expedition  passed  up  the  east  side  of  New  River, 

crossing  Sinking  Creek,  then  Rich  Creek — a  branch  not  far 
from  Grey  Sulphur  Springs.  Laurel  Branch  is  an  affluent  of 
Greenbrier,  which  latter  river  the  journal  fails  to  mention. 
Walter  Kelly's  cabin  was  farther  out  in  this  wilderness  than 
any  other  habitation,  at  the  mouth  of  Kelly's  Creek  in  Kana- 
wha  County,  West  Va.  On  the  fate  of  Kelly  see  post,  and 
Wither's  Border  Warfare,  pp.  159^161. — ED. 

63  The    Burning    Spring   of   the    Kanawha,    located    in    the 
county  of  that  name   about  fifteen    miles   above   Charleston, 
W.  Va.,  was  first  discovered  by  Arbuckle's  party  in  1773.     It 
was  a  pool  of  water  through  which  natural-gas  forced  its  way 
and  kept  burning  over  the  surface  of  the  water.     In  1775  the 
place  was  located  by  Washington  and  Col.   Andrew  Lewis. 
The  former  intended  to  leave  his  portion  as  public  property, 
but  for  some  reason  this  plan  was  never  carried  out,  and  the 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  113 

4  inches  of  the  water,  and  immediately  the  water  will 
be  in  a  flame,  &  Continue  so  until  it  is  'put  out  by  the 
Force  of  wind.  The  Springs  are  small  and  boil  con 
tinually  like  a  Pot  on  the  Fire ;  the  water  is  black  & 
has  a  Taste  of  Nitre.  The  spring  never  rises  above 
its  Bank,  nor  does  any  water  run  from  it  above  ground, 
tho'  it  continually  boils  up.  One  of  the  springs  was 
dry,  at  the  time  we  were  there — and  the  earth  in  the 
hole  of  it  was  burning. 

1 6th.  We  proceeded  to  Elk  River,64  6  miles  &  found 
the  canoe  on  the  opposite  shore  of  New  River.  Mr 
Floyd  and  a  stranger  went  out  to  hunt ;  whilst  we  fin 
ished  the  canoe,  which  was  done  when  he  returned, 
after  shooting  a  Deer  &  a  Pike  43  inches  long. 

1 7th.  We  called  our  canoe  the  Good-Hope,  imbarked 
on  board  of  her,  sailed  9  miles  down  the  river,  there 
saw  two  canoes  ashore,  which  caused  us  to  land,  We 
found  Majr  Fields85  in  company,  who  gave  us  some 

land  was  sold  to  private  parties,  who  in  1843  bored  a  natural- 
gas  well  at  this  place.  See  Fleming's  description  in  his  Jour 
nal,  post.  ED. 

64  The  mouth  of  Elk  River  was  a  well-known  landmark  in 
the  Kanawha  Valley.    In  1773  Colonel  Bullitt  surveyed  the 
tract  for  himself,  and  no  settlement  was  made  thereupon  un 
til   1788,   when   George  Clendennin  purchased  the  land,   and 
built  the  first  house  in  what  is  now  Charleston,  established  as 
a  town  in  1794. — ED. 

65  John  Field   was  born  in  Culpeper  County  in   1720.     He 
was  of  a  good  pioneer  family,  and  early  showed  the  traits  of 
a  popular  leader.     He  was  in  service  during  the  French  and 
Indian  War,  protecting  the  frontier  in   1756,  and  serving  as 
captain   under   Forbes  in    1758.     Being  out   with   Bouquet  as 
major  in   1764,  that  title  became  the  most  popular  one,  al 
though  after  serving  in  the  legislature    (1765)   he  was  made 
colonel  of  militia  (1766).     Concerning  his  narrow  escape  from 
the  Indians  in  this  exploring  trip  on  the  Kanawha  in  July, 
1774,  see  Stuart's  "Narrative,"  as  cited  above.    His  son  and 
negro  maid  were  captured,  and  in  revenge  Field  enlisted  a 

8 


H4  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

Bear  meat,  which  was  acceptable  at  that  time,  as  we 
had  no  Provisions.  The  People  informed  us,  that  the 
Indians  had  placed  themselves  on  both  sides  of  the 
Ohio,  and  that  they  intended  war.  The  Delaware  In 
dians  told  them  that  the  Shawnese  intended  to  rob  the 
Pensylvainans  &  kill  the  Virginians  where  ever  they 
could  meet  with  them,  We  parted  with  them  &  pro 
ceeded  to  Crab  River  3  miles. 

1 8th.  We  surveyed  2000  acres  of  Land  for  Col. 
Washington,  bordered  by  Coal  River  &  the  Cana- 
wagh.cc  Mr.  Dandridge  crossed  Coal  River,  &  lost 
himself,  which  put  Mr.  Floyd  to  a  great  deal  of  trou 
ble  to  find  him  in  the  night.  Mr.  Taylor  and  his  com 
pany  joined  us.  The  Bottoms  or  Low  Grounds  here 
are  but  narrow  &  not  very  good.  We  catched  a  Cat 
fish  that  weighed  40  pounds. 

iQth.  We  passed  on  from  hence,  passing  Pokatalico 
River  at  6  miles,  to  a  bottom  Mr.  Hogg  is  improving 
in  all  14  miles,67  Mr.  Hogg  confirmed  the  news  we  had 
of  the  Indians,  He  says  there  were  13  People  who  in 
tended  to  settle  on  the  Ohio,  and  the  Indians  came  upon 
them  and  a  battle  ensued,  The  white  People  killed  3 


company  of  forty  men  in  his  own  county,  and  joined  Lewis's 
army  at  Camp  Union.  There  is  a  tradition  that  he  considered 
himself  entitled  to  outrank  Colonel  Lewis.  For  his  fall  on 
the  field  of  battle,  see  accounts  post.  His  son  Ephraim  was 
rescued  from  captivity,  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  and  was  slain 
at  the  battle  of  Blue  Licks  (1782).— ED. 

6(5  For  Washington's  plan  to  improve  this  land,  see  his  Writ 
ings  (edition  of  1889),  ii,  pp.  451-455,  459-462.— ED. 

67  Hogg  and  two  or  three  of  his  men  were,  killed  soon  after 
this  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  See  Amer.  Archives,  i,  pp. 
707,  1015.  Some  of  his  clothes  were  found  by  the  army;  see 
Fleming's  Journal,  post. — ED. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL 


1*5 


Indians  (imagined  to  be  Chiefs)  and  then  fled.68  This 
caused  the  Indians  to  hold  a  council  &  they  are  deter 
mined  to  kill  the  Virginians  and  rob  the  Pensylvanians. 
This  is  a  very  good  bottom,  &  there  is  a  Pine,  &  a 
Cherry  Tree,  within  19  feet  of  each  other ;  tfiey  are  3 
feet  in  Diameter. 

2oth.  We  proceeded  to  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha, 
26  miles.  At  our  arrival  we  found  26  People  there  on 
different  designs — Some  to  cultivate  land,  others  to  at 
tend  the  surveyors,  They  confirm  the  same  story  of 
the  Indians.  One  of  them  could  speak  Indian  lan 
guage,  therefore  Mr.  Floyd  &  the  other  Surveyors  of 
fered  him  3  per  month  to  go  with  them,  which  he 
refused,  and  told  us  to  take  care  of  our  scalps.  We 
passed  but  one  bottom  which  is  within  7  miles  of  the 
mouth  of  the  River,  &  I  am  informed  it  runs  20  miles 
deep  &  is  good  Land,  is  on  the  South  Side  about  6  miles 
broad  on  the  side  of  the  River.  On  the  North  point, 
where  we  met  the  People  is  very  fit  for  a  fort,  and  to 
my  opinion  does  not  overflow  which  is  not  the  case  of 
the  other  bottoms.69  Mr.  Floyd  and  the  other  Sur 
veyors  were  received  with  great  joy  by  the  people  here. 

2 1  st.  Mr.  Floyd  wrote  to  Coin.  Preston  letting  him 
know  how  affairs  are  at  present  &  what  happened  on 


68  This  must  be  the  fight  referred  to  by  George  Rogers  Clark 
in  his  letter  of  1798,  when  he  says :     "Only  eighty  or  ninety 
men  assembled  at  the  place  of  rendezvous   [mouth  of  Little 
Kanawha],  where  we  lay  some  days;  a  small  party  of  hunters 
which  lay  about  ten  miles  below  us  were  fired  upon  by  the 
Indians,    whom   the   Hunters   beat   off   and    returned    to   our 
Camp."     Mayer,  Logan  and  Cresap,  p.   150.     Note  that  this 
was  some  days  before  the  Pipe  Creek  and  Yellow  Creek  mas 
sacres. — ED. 

69  The  site  of  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  and  later  of  Fort 
Randolph. — ED. 


Il6  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

the  journey.  Mr.  Floyd  and  the  rest  of  the  People 
are  in  high  Spirits,  and  determined  to  go  down  the 
river,  to  do  the  business  they  came  on  &  try  the  conse 
quences  unless  a  superior  Force  should  attack  them, 

22nd.  The  Company  consisting  of  1 8  men  with  4 
Canoes  proceeded  down  the  Ohio  River,  Messrs. 
Floyd  &  Taylor  going  on  foot  down  the  other  side 
about  10  miles  to  a  Creek.  On  the  East  Side,  the 
Bottoms  are  narrow,  but  on  the  West  side  of  the  Ohio 
they  appear  broader.  We  passed  2  small  Islands. 

23rd.  We  aired,  and  dried  our  small  stores  and 
some  of  the  Company  went  a  hunting. 

24th,  We  proceeded  down  to  the  little  Giandot  14 
miles,  the  Bottoms  good  that  we  passed  and  even  but 
not  very  large.  We  found  a  Battoe  loaded  with  corn, 
we  took  about  3  Bushels  of  it  with  us. 

25th.  We  waited  for  the  rest  of  the  Company  that 
we  left  at  the  mouth  of  New  River  The  River  Ohio 
fell  2  feet  within  24  Hours  and  we  found  a  spring  at 
the  foot  of  the  Bank. 

26th.  At  3  o'clock  this  afternoon  3  men  came  to 
our  Camp,  who  had  been  20  miles  below  us  and  were 
alarmed  by  Indians,  &  made  their  escapes.  2  of  them 
joined  Mr  Floyd,  viz  Nash  &  Mr.  Glen,  and  Law 
rence  Darnell  joined  Mr.  Taylor. 

27th  Mr  Douglas  &  Mr  Kite  joined  us  with  13 
men,  which  makes  us  37  strong.  But  the  alarm  be 
fore  mentioned  occasioned  4  to  return  back,  viz  Mr. 
Dandridge,  Taylor,  Holloway  &  Waggoner,  which  re 
duced  us  to  33  but  we  proceeded  down  to  Great 
Giandot  20  miles.  We  saw  4  Deleware  Indian  men  & 
about  14  squaws  besides  children,  who  gave  us  to  un- 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  117 

derstand  that  there  were  50  Indians  below  us.  The 
Bottoms  we  passed  are  good  land,  But  low  consi- 
quently  overflow  very  much. 

28th.     We  were  stopt  by  rainy  weather. 

29th.  We  proceeded  to  Big  Sandy  Creek,  passing 
little  Sandy  Creek  at  six  miles,  thence  to  Big  Sandy  7 
miles  is  one  continued  Bottom,  in  all  13  miles,  where 
we  stopet  and  cooked  our  kettle,  and  then  embarked 
in  our  Canoes,  and  floated  all  night.  In  the  morning 
we  discovered  that  we  had  floated  25  miles. 

3Oth.  We  proceeded  15  miles  to  a  Creek  called  4 
Mile  creek,70  where  we  stopt  to  hunt,  except  Mr.  Kite 
and  two  of  his  men,  who  proceeded.  After  we  had 
killed  some  meat,  Mr.  Floyd  did  not  think  it  proper  to 
let  Mr.  Hite  go  on  alone.  WTe  therefore  proceeded  4 
miles  lower,  which  brought  us  opposite  to  the  mouth 
of  the  River  Sciota.  By  this  time  it  was  dark,  but 
we  saw  Mr.  Kite's  Fire  and  call  to  him,  but  he  would 
not  answer,  therefore  we  landed  below  the  Fire,  and 
went  thro'  the  woods  with  caution,  until  we  discovered 
it  to  be  Mr.  Hite  and  his  men.  On  the  upper  side  of 
4  Mile  Creek  is  very  good  land,  I  suppose  to  the  Quan 
tity  of  2  or  3000  acres. 

May  i  st.  It  being  Sunday  we  took  our  rest,  and 
looked  at  an  old  Fort  we  found  about  4  or  500  yards 
from  the  Banks  of  the  River.  It  is  a  square  Figure, 
each  side  300  Paces  long.  It  has  4  Gates  and  2  Sally 
Ports,  and  it  is  so  antient,  that  the  Indians  cannot  tell 
when  it  was  built,  or  by  whome.  There  has  been  an 


70  The  creek  now  called  Tygert's,   so  named  for  Michael 
Tygert,  who  explored  it  in  1773. — ED. 


n8  DUN  MO  RE'S  WAR 

Indian  Town  there  formerly  &  there  is  some  remains 
of  it  to  this  Day.71 

2nd.  We  made  a  survey  of  this  Bottom  for  Paterick 
Henry.  It  contains  4  or  500  acres,  of  very  good  land, 
including  the  Fort  &  Town.  There  is  a  Sycamore  tree 
37  feet  in  Circtimferance  on  this  bottom.  The  River 
here  is  494  1/2  yards  wide.  At  9  o'clock  we  embarked, 
and  went  down  7  miles,  then  landed  and  Surveyed  a 
Bottom,  which  Contains  5  or  600  acres  for  Wm.  Henry. 
The  land  is  excessive  good.  From  there  we  proceeded 
13  miles  lower  down  the  River,  passed  Shot  Pouch 
Creek,72  five  miles  below  the  last  Bottom  wre  surveyed. 
The  Bottoms  here  are  but  small  &  not  very  good.  We 
had  rain  this  night  which  gave  us  wet  skins,  as  we 
were  ill  provided. 

3rd.  We  proceeded  4  miles  lower  to  Salt  Lick 
Creek,73  and  made  a  survey  of  200  acres,  the  Bottoms 
.narrow  &  beachey,  We  had  a  hard  frost  this  night, 
which  killed  almost  every  thing  that  was  green. 

4th.  We  proceeded  5  miles  lower,  and  then  Mr. 
Floyd  made  a  survey  of  2000  acres  on  a  large  Bottom 


71  The  first  Shawnee  town  at  the  mouth  of  the  Scioto  was 
built  on  the  west  bank.     This  being  abandoned  because  of  a 
flood  (1753),  a  less  substantial  village  was  erected  on  the  site 
of  Portsmouth,  which  was  abandoned  during  the  French  and 
Indian    War    for    Chillicothe,    and    villages    higher    up    the 
Scioto.     See  Croghan's  "Journals,"  in  Thwaites,  Early  West 
ern   Travels,  i,  pp.    133,   134.     Croghan   had   a   stone  trading 
house  on  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  river,  probably  the  "fort" 
to  which  Hanson  here  refers.     See  Thwaites,  On  the  Storied 
Ohio,  p.  152.     From  this  Shawnee  village  Mrs.  Ingles  made 
her  escape  in  1755. — ED. 

72  Apparently  Kinniconick  Creek,  in  Lewis  County. — ED. 

73  Salt  Lick  Creek,  at  whose  mouth  is  the  modern  Vance- 
burg,  was   surveyed  by  Bullitt  in   1773.     For  an  account   of 
early  salt-making   in  this   region   see  Cumming's   "Tour,"  in 
Thwaites,  Early  Western  Travels,  iv,  pp.  164,  165. — ED. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  119 

which  runs  5  miles  down  the  River,  and  ends  opposite 
to  an  Island,  whereon  we  lodged.  This  night  the 
Frost  was  very  severe,74  the  Island  is  called  Oppony 
Island. 

5th.  We  proceeded  5  miles  lower  and  then  landed 
on  a  bottom,  which  Mr.  Floyd  surveyed  for  Mr.  John 
May.75  It  contains  about  700  acres,  very  good  land. 
There  was  frost  again  this  night.  We  lay  on  a  very 
large  Island  opposite  our  Survey. 

6th.  We  proceeded  3  miles  and  then  landed  on  a 
Bottom,  which  Mr.  Floyd  surveyed  It  runs  on  the 
River  3  miles,  but  is  narrow,  he  finished  the  survey 
at  a  small  Creek,  which  he  called  Nashes  creek76  from 
his  valiant  behaviour  on  the  following  occurrence. 
While  we  were  surveying,  Nash  hunted  thro'  the  Bot 
tom  &  at  the  Creek  met  with  two  Indians,  who  called 
him  Brother,  but  attempted  to  change  Guns  with  him, 
which  Nash  refused.  When  they  found  he  would  not 
change,  They  would  have  killed  him  for  her,  but  he 
was  much  on  his  guard,  and  they  had  but  one  Gun 
between  them.  Therefore  by  his  Quickness  &  Alert 
ness,  he  got  Clear.  Soon  after  the  Indian  that  had 
no  Gun  overtook  one  Me  Culloch  and  took  his  double 
barriled  Rifel  from  him.  This  alarmed  us,  and  12  men 
went  in  search  of  the  Indians,  6  of  them  one  Way  &  6 
another.  The  first  6  men  saw  the  Indian,  that  had 
taken  the  Gun  &  one  of  the  men  fired  at  him  but 
missed  him,  we  kept  under  arms  until  evening,  and 


74  Great  May  Frost.— L.  C.  D. 

75  For  John  May,  see  ante,  p.  21. — ED. 

76  The  creek  now  called  Sycamore,  a  very  small  stream  two 
miles  below  Ohio  Brush  Creek.     On   this  Indian  alarm,  see 
statement  of  Sodowsky,  in  Collins,  Kentucky,  ii,  p.  466. — ED. 


120  DUNMORES  WAR 

then  embarked  &  floated  4  miles  down  the  River,  & 
then  landed, 

7th.  We  rose  early  this  morning  and  serched  the 
woods  for  Indians,  but  found  none.  We  then  em 
barked  and  went  14  miles  down  to  a  small  run,  passing 
Lee's  Creek,77  where  lies  a  small  Bottom  of  land,  Sur 
veyed  200  acres  on  Brackin's  Creek78  for  Thos.  Han 
son  good  land  with  a  high  Ridge  on  the  back  of  it. 
We  had  heavy  Rain  &  Thunder. 

8th.  We  proceeded  19  miles  down  the  river  then 
encamped,  The  Bottoms  narrow  &  broken. 

Qth.  We  proceeded  to  Locust  Creek  12  miles,  & 
there  began  a  Survey  on  the  Bottom  which  extended 
7  miles,  &  Contains  3000  acres.  We  lay  all  night  at 
the  end  of  the  bottom.  The  land  very  good. 

loth.  We  proceeded  down  the  River,  passed  Little 
Miamia  at  2  miles  went  from  thence  to  Licking 
Creek79  8  miles.  A  survey  was  made  on  the  upper 
side  of  this  Creek,  good  land  &  there  is  part  of  the  bot 
tom  on  the  lower  side  not  Surveyed  very  good,  we 
proceeded  n  miles  lower  &  then  encampt;  It  Thun 
dered  &  rained  this  night. 

nth.  We  rose  early  in  the  morning,  &  proceeded 
down  6  miles,  which  brought  us  to  a  Bottom  of  good 


77 In  Mason  County,  still  bearing  the  same  name;  the  creek 
was  named  for  Hancock  Lee,  who  explored  Kentucky  in  1773. 
The  party  has  passed  Limestone  Creek,  later  the  entrepot 
to  the  state,  without  mention. — ED. 

78  Bracken  Creek,  in  the  county  of  the  same  name,  took  its 
cognomen  from  Matthew  Bracken,  who  surveyed  with  Han 
cock  Taylor  in  1773,  and  was  killed  at  Point  Pleasant  in 
J774-— ED. 

79 The  future  site  of  Cincinnati  (settled  1788)  and  its  Ken 
tucky  suburbs,  Covington  and  Newport.— ED. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  121 

land.80  We  made  a  survey  of  the  same  for  Doct. 
Hugh  Mercer,  containing  1000  acres.  4  miles  below 
this  Bottom,  is  great  Miamia  coming  in  on  the  West 
ern  side  of  it.  There  is  a  fine  Bottom  on  the  Eastern 
side  of  the  Ohio,  not  surveyed.  We  proceeded  12 
miles  lower  down  to  an  Island  &  there  encamped. 

1 2th.  We  proceeded  down  to  a  Creek  8  miles  which 
lies  within  3  miles  of  the  big  Bone  Lick.  There  was 
1000  acres  surveyed  for  William  Christian,  about  the 
Lick.  The  Land  is  not  so  good  as  the  other  Bottoms, 
likewise  a  little  broken.  There  is  a  number  of  large 
Teeth  to  [be]  seen  about  this  Lick,  which  the  People 
imagined  to  be  Elephants,  There  is  one  Seven  Feet 
&  three  Inches  long.  It  is  nine  inches  in  Diameter 
at  one  End  and  five  inches  at  the  other.81 

1 3th.  Mr.  Douglass  made  a  Survey  of  2000  acres 
on  the  upper  side  of  the  Creek  for  Mr.  William  Chris 
tian,  good  land.  At  Mr  Douglasses  return,  we  em 
barked  &  floated  down  the  River  to  Kentucky,  47 
miles  &  by  daybreak  landed.  In  our  passage  we  came 
to  an  Indian  Camp,  landed  &  found  two  Delewares,  & 
a  Squaw,  we  gave  them  Some  Corn  &  Salt. 

I4th.  Our  Company  divided,  eleven  men  went  up 
to  Harrod's  Company  one  hundred  miles  up  the  Ken 
tucky  on  Louisa  River,  (n.  b.  Capt  Harrod  has  been 
there  many  months82  building  a  kind  of  Town  &c.)  in 


80  Nearly  opposite  North  Bend,  Ohio. — ED. 

81Nine  years  earlier  (1765),  Croghan  had  visited  this  lick, 
and  found  similar  tusks  of  the  extinct  mammoth.  Fossil 
bones  are  still  found  in  this  locality.  See  Croghan's  "Jour 
nals,"  in  Thwaites,  Early  Western  Travels,  i,  p.  135. — ED. 

82  Harrod's  party  started  in  March.  A  note  by  Draper  is 
to  the  effect  that  the  Hixson  copy  says  this  phrase  should  be 
"but  a  few  days."  But  see  Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West, 
i,  p.  161. — ED. 


122  DUN M ORE'S  WAR 

order  to  make  improvements.  This  day  a  quarrel 
arose  between  Mr.  Lee  and  Mr.  Hyte.  Lee  cut  a  stick 
and  gave  Kite  a  whipping  with  it,  upon  which  Mr. 
Floyd  demanded  the  Kings  Peace,  which  stopt  it 
sooner  than  it  would  have  ended  if  he  had  not  been 
there. 

1 5th.  We  lay  here  in  hopes  of  somebody's  coming 
down  to  let  us  know  where  the  Line  came  down  the 
Ohio,  (i.  e.  the  line  Col.  Donaldson  run  between  us  & 
the  Cherokees,  which  line  is  said  to  be  Kentucky  River 
itself).  We  saw  a  Canoe  coming  down  which  stopt 
as  soon  as  they  perceived  us,  &  we  saw  no  more  of 
them. 

i6th.  Mr.  Floyd  and  Mr.  Taylor  surveyed  eight 
miles  &  a  quarter  up  the  side  of  the  Ohio,  but  the  land 
is  not  so  good  as  the  other  Bottoms  we  passed,  for  it 
is  Beachy  &  of  a  more  sour  nature. 

1 7th.  Mr.  Floyd  and  Mr.  Kite  &  5  men  with  them 
went  20  miles  up  Kentucky  to  a  Salt  Spring,  where 
we  saw  about  300  Buffaloes  collected  together.  The 
Bottoms  were  broken  &  Beachy  all  the  way  we  went 
up.  Mr.  Floyd  landed  several  times  to  look  at  the 
land,  But  found  none  to  please  him, 

1 8th.  We  looked  over  the  land  &  examined  the 
spring  of  salt  water — The  land  is  worth  nothing  but 
the  springs  if  collected  together  would  afford  a  very 
good  salt  work.  Mr  Floyd  offered  Mr.  Kite  his  men 
to  assist  him  to  make  his  Survey  there;  but  Mr.  Hite 
neglected  it. 

i9th.  Went  into  the  country  for  8  or  10  miles  & 
find  it  something  better  than  at  the  springs ;  but  seemed 
rather  of  a  sour  nature.  Mr.  Floyd  with  three  men 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  123 

went  by  land  to  see  the  country  Mr.  Kite  &  2  men 
returned  to  the  Canoes  &  floated  down  the  River. 

2Qth.  We  found  Mr.  Floyd  &  his  3  men  within  9 
miles  of  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky  at  a  creek  which 
we  called  Bear  Creek.  We  all  embarked  &  went  down 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky. 

2 1 st.  Mr.  Floyd  surveyed  600  acres  of  land  on  the 
lower  side  of  the  mouth  of  Kentucky  which  takes  in 
little  Kentucky  for  Coin.  Preston.  The  land  is  very 
good,  but  I  think  some  of  it  overflows. 

22nd.  In  the  evening  we  embarked  and  went  down 
the  river  three  miles  &  half,  leaving  a  letter  at  the 
mouth  of  Kentucky  to  direct  any  Person  or  Persons 
that  followed  the  line  how  to  find  us. 

23d.  As  we  were  on  a  bottom,  Mr  Taylor  surveyed 
1000  acres  &  then  Mr  Douglas  began  at  his  line,  & 
Surveyed  another  1000  acres,  which  took  in  the  Bot 
tom,  except  a  small  point  at  the  lower  end.  It  is  7 
miles  long.  We  campt  at  the  lower  end,  Good  land. 

24th.  Mr.  Floyd  went  on  the  top  of  the  hill  from 
the  River  &  surveyed  a  tract  of  land  which  is  good  and 
well  Timbered  &  watered.  We  encampt  5  miles  below 
on  a  small  bottom,  where  it  rained  in  the  time. 

25th.  Mr  Floyd  surveyed  the  Bottom  and  some 
upland  to  the  Quantity  of  1000  acres.  It  was  Showery 
weather. 

26th.  We  embarked  &  at  the  same  time  saw  a  canoe 
coming  down  the  river  with  a  Red  flag  flying.  We 
hailed  them  but  they  would  not  come  to  us,  therefore 
we  went  to  them  and  found  them  to  be  2  Indians. 
One  of  them  was  called  Dickirson  who  had  a  pass 
from  the  Commandant  at  Fort  Pitt,  to  go  down  the 
River  in  order  to  collect  their  Hunters,  and  cause  them 


124  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

to  go  home,  as  they  expected  a  war  between  the  white 
people  &  the  Shawnese.  They  told  us  that  the  people 
on  the  river  near  Fort  Pitt  had  left  their  Habitations 
and  were  gone  to  the  fort,  But  expected  they  were 
returning  again  to  their  homes.  That  they  thought  it 
would  be  made  up  again.  They  said  the  white  people 
&  the  Indians  had  a  skirmish  &  that  the  white  people 
had  killed  16  Indians  viz.  13  Shawnees  2  Mingoes  &  I 
Deleware.  We  parted  with  them  but  were  afraid  that 
they  would  follow  us.  Therefore  Mr.  Floyd  Mr.  Tay 
lor  Mr.  Douglas  &  and  an  other  man  got  into  a  canoe 
by  themselves  thinking  to  have  a  further  conference 
with  the  Indians,  but  they  being  fearful  would  not 
come  nigh  us  any  more.  This  put  our  people  into  dif 
ferent  opinions  as  to  what  to  do.  Some  were  for  go 
ing  down  the  river  by  way  of  the  Mississippi  But  Mr. 
Floyd  and  the  rest  of  the  surveyors  were  determined 
to  do  the  business  they  came  on,  If  not  repulsed  by  a 
greater  force  than  themselves.  We  proceeded  to  Otter 
Creek,  4  miles  and  Mr.  Taylor  surveyed  the  Bottom 
containing  1000  acres.  Good  Land. 

27th.  We  went  down  the  River  7  miles  where  Mr. 
Taylor  made  another  survey,  and  then  went  4  miles 
further  where  we  encampt. 

28th.  Mr.  Floyd  made  a  survey  of  2000  acres  of 
upland  &  proceeded  8  miles  down  the  river  to  an 
Island.  The  upland  is  very  good. 

29th.  We  left  the  Island  &  went  down  to  the  falls 
12  miles,  &  encampt  on  an  Island  at  the  Fall.  Mr. 
Douglas  surveyed  the  Shore  from  Harrod's  Creek  to 
Bear  Grass  creek.88 


83  Harrod's  Creek,  in  Jefferson  County,  was  named  for  that 
pioneer  on  his  surveying  trip  of  1773. — ED. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  125 

3Oth.  Mr  Douglass  made  a  survey  at  the  falls,  for 
Dr.  Connelly,  of  4000  acres.84  Here  is  a  large  body 
of  flat  land,  which  is  indifferant  next  to  the  River  but 
a  Piece  back  it  is  very  good  land. 

3 1 st.  Our  Company  divided,  Mr.  Taylor  Mr  Doug 
las  &  their  Companies  went  towards  Harrad's  Creek, 
to  make  their  surveys,  &  Mr.  Floyd  with  Mr.  Hite 
stayed  on  the  land  next  to  the  Falls  &  surveyed. 
Floyd  made  a  survey. 

June  ist  1774  We  made  a  survey  of  1000  acres  for 
Col.  Preston.  Good  land  &  well  watered,  including 
part  of  Bear  Grass  Creek,  &  another  small  Creek  run 
ning  through  it.  Mr.  Floyd  &  Mr.  Hite  made  a 
survey  each,  of  1000  acres,  one  for  Mr.  Boyer  &  the 
other  for  Mr.  Ware.  Roderick  Me  Cra  got  lost  today. 
Mr.  Douglass  joined  us  again,  &  had  surveyed  7000 
acres. 

3rd.  Mr.  Floyd  &  Mr.  Douglass  made  a  survey  of 
looo  acres  for  Mr.  Me  Corkle  &  Mr.  Hite  surveyed 
another  1000  acres.  Roderick  refused  to  carry  the 
Chain  &  went  into  the  country  by  which  means  he  got 
lost  again. 

4th.  We  waited  all  day  for  Roderick  fearing  the 
Indians  had  met  with  him,  therefore  left  our  camp  & 
lodged  on  a  rising  Hill  that  night. 


84 This  survey  had  been  made  by  Bullitt  in  1773 — 2,000  acres 
for  Connolly,  and  2,000  for  another  officer,  whose  claim  Con 
nolly  had  purchased.  Preston  refused  to  recognize  the  sur 
vey,  as  not  being  made  by  his  own  deputy.  Lord  Dunmore, 
however,  issued  the  patent  Dec.  16,  1773,  but  Preston  insisted 
on  re-surveying  the  tract.  In  1780,  after  Connolly's  adherence 
to  the  British  cause,  the  land  was  declared  escheated.  See 
Durrett,  "Centenary  of  Louisville,"  in  Filson  Club  Papers,  No. 
8.— ED. 


126  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

5th.  We  returned  to  our  camp  &  found  that  Roder 
ick  had  been  there.  We  called  low  &  he  came  to  us, 
then  went  with  our  package  4  miles  up  the  Creek  & 
surveyed  1000  acres  for  Mr.  Dandridge. 

6th.  Mr.  Floyd  surveyed  1000  acres  for  himself, 
very  good  land  &  full  of  springs.  Mr.  Douglass  sur 
veyed  another  1000  acres. 

7th.  The  company  scattered  to  look  for  good  land, 
Mr.  Floyd  with  Allen  found  a  large  tract. 

8th.  Mr.  Floyd  took  2  men  &  surveyed  the  land 
which  he  found  to  be  7000  acres.  Mr.  Douglass  sur 
veyed  2000 — one  for  himself  the  other  for  Mr.  Chris 
tian. 

9th.  Mr.  Floyd  &  the  two  men  returned  this  even 
ing. 

loth.  We  went  to  the  waters  of  Salt  River,  3  miles, 
there  are  several  pieces  of  land  not  yet  surveyed. 

nth.  We  lay  in  camp  &  some  hunted  for  meat,  as 
we  were  quite  out  of  meat, 

June  1 2th.  We  packd  up  our  alls  &  marched  for 
Salt  Lick  near  Salt  River,85  12  miles  bearing  to  the 
South  West.  We  passed  a  large  body  of  good  land 
well  watered  &  well  timbered. 

1 3th.  Mr.  Douglass  made  a  survey  for  Mr.  Chris 
tian  of  1000  acres,  round  the  Lick,  then  marched  off 
for  Salt  River.  We  went  five  miles  &  met  with  a 
branch  &  called  it  Floyd's  River.  The  land  is  broken 
and  stony. 

1 4th.     We  proceeded  up  Salt  River  20  miles  &  found 


85Bullitt's  Old  Licks,  in  the  county  of  the  same  name,  sur 
veyed  by  Colonel  Bullitt  in  1773.  The  fiist  salt-works  in  Ken 
tucky  were  established  here,  three  miles  from  Shepherds- 
ville. — ED. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL 


127 


it  very  crooked,  the  land  chiefly  stony  hills,  except  one 
small  bottom. 

1 5th.  It  rained  &  thundered,  which  caused  us  to 
stay  in  camp.  Nox  &  Allen  seemed  very  sullen,  &  left 
the  camp  which  made  us  imagine  they  had  a  mind  to 
leave  us.  But  in  the  evening  they  returned  again 
dried  their  blankets  &  stayed  with  us  that  night.  Mr. 
Floyd  did  not  like  the  land  here. 

June  1 6th.  We  rose  early  and  began  our  journey 
up  the  River.  Nox  &  Allen  walked  so  fast  that  they 
left  the  rest  of  the  Company,  &  we  never  saw  them 
more.88  Mr.  Douglas^  killed  an  Elk,  therefore  we 
stopped  to  breakfast.  We  travelled  25  miles,  the  land 
good  for  nothing. 

i^th.  We  traveled  but  six  miles  as  it  was  showery. 
The  land  begins  to  be  tolerably  good.  Mr.  Floyd  says 
he  is  not  very  well. 

1 8th.  Mr.  Floyd  is  very  bad  &  cannot  sit  up,  there 
fore  we  must  stay,  &  have  no  nourishment  for  him. 

iQth.  Mr.  Floyd  geting  worse  we  gave  him  an 
Indian  Sweat,  which  gave  him  some  ease  but  weakened 
him  very  much.  It  thundered,  &  rained  this  afternoon. 

2Oth.  Mr.  Floyd  being  something  better  Mr.  Hite 
&  Mr.  Nash  went  in  search  of  Kentucky  river,  at  night 
they  returned  they  said  they  thought  they  had  been 
on  the  waters  of  the  little  Kentucky. 

2 1 st.  Mr.  Floyd  finding  himself  better  ventured  to 
march  again.  But  as  he  was  very  weak  we  only  went 
6  miles,  about  N.  E.  Course,  &  crossed  the  river,  the 
land  is  good. 


86Knox  got  in  to  the  Holston  settlements  the  last  of  July. 
See  Preston's  letter  in  Atner.  Archives,  i,  p.  707. — ED. 


128  DUN  MO  RE'S  WAR 

22nd.  We  rose  early  this  morning  &  traveled  very 
sloly,  for  the  space  of  9  miles.  &  Roderick  was  taken 
ill  of  Fever  &  ague,  which  caused  us  to  stop.  The 
land  is  good  &  well  watered  &  timbered.  We  crossed 
a  branch  of  Salt  river  bearing  N.  E.  It  rained  & 
thundered  most  of  the  night. 

23rd.  We  divided  into  two  Parties,  went  up  a 
branch  to  a  fork,  made  by  another  Creek  &  then  began 
a  survey  of  10000  acres,  which  took  us  to  the  waters 
of  Kentucky.  We  run  our  End  line  two  miles  &  half 
N.  and  our  side  line  6  miles  &  quarter  E.  8000  acres 
of  it  is  good  land,  the  other  2000,  is  broken  next  to  the 
waters  of  the  Kentucky.  Here  we  waited  for  Mr. 
Douglas  and  Company. 

24th.  We  were  short  of  provision.  Mr.  Douglas 
joined  us  in  the  afternoon  &  as  Mr.  Nash  had  killed 
two  Elks  about  4  miles  down  the  Creek,  We  went  to 
them,  about  a  N.  N.  W.  Course  but  was  obliged  to 
carry  Roderick's  pack  for  him  as  he  was  very  sick. 

25th.  We  traveled  about  17  miles  different  courses, 
which  brought  us  to  the  Kentucky  on  a  small  creek. 
We  heard  the  Voice  of  one  man  calling  to  another, 
which  made  us  imagine  there  were  Indians  about 
therefore  as  soon  as  night  came  on  we  went  about  3 
miles  up  the  river  &  lay  without  fire.  The  land  was 
broken  that  we  traveled  over  this  day. 

26th.  We  traveled  7  miles  up  the  river  &  made  a 
bark  Canoe  by  which  we  crossed  the  river.  As  soon 
as  we  had  crossed  it  we  heard  the  report  of  a  gun,  we 
therefore  travelled  a  little  way  up  the  river  &  then 
took  off  into  the  country.  We  traveled  about  12 
miles  E.  S.  E.  which  brought  us  to  Elk-Horn  Creek, 
where  we  found  some  good  land. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL 

27th.  Mr.  Floyd  &  Mr.  Douglas  surveyed  the  good 
land  we  saw  yesterday,  Containing  near  3000  acres. 

28th.  We  traveled  a  S.  E.  Course  to  a  small  Creek, 
&  Mr.  Floyd  went  a  land  hunting  &  found  Mr.  Taylor's 
last  years  line,  of  20,000  acres,  surveyed  by  him  on  Elk- 
Horn  Creek. 

2Qth.  Mr.  Douglas  made  a  survey  of  2000  acres 
which  joins  Mr.  Floyds  survey.  Mr.  Floyd  went  out 
to  examine  land. 

30th.  Mr.  Floyd  went  to  the  Creek  &  there  found 
Mr.  Taylor's  old  corner,  &  began  at  the  same  to  survey. 
He  surveyed  6000  acres,  but  in  running  the  back  line 
found  a  new  marked  line,  by  which  he  knew  that  Mr. 
Taylor  had  been  there,  &  we  left  off  surveying. 

July  i  st.  1774.  Mr.  Floyd  &  Nash  went  in  search  of 
Taylor  &  Co.,  whom  they  found  in  a  short  time,  &  who 
took  us  to  their  Camp  about  8  miles  up  the  river  at  a 
large  spring.  All  the  land  that  we  passed  over  today 
is  like  a  Paradise  it  is  so  good  &  beautiful. 

July  2nd.  1774.  Mr.  Taylor  went  with  Mr.  Floyd  to 
shew  him  where  he  might  begin,  to  be  clear  of  his  sur 
vey. 

July  3^.  Mr.  Taylor  returned  but  Mr.  Floyd  & 
Nash  went  farther  into  the  Country  that  he  might 
judge  how  to  lay  his  survey 

4th.  Mr.  Floyd  having  not  returned,  Mr.  Douglas 
sent  out  a  man  to  look  out  land  for  him. 

5th.  Mr.  Floyd  returned  &  seemed  well  pleased  at 
what  he  had  found.  It  thundered  &  rained  this  day, 

6th.  Mr.  Floyd,  Nash,  Me  Cra  &  Hanson  left  the 
rest  of  the  company  with  an  agreement  to  meet  at  Mr. 
Harrod's  Cabbin  20  miles  off,  higher  on  the  Kentucky, 


130  DUNM  ORE'S  WAR 

on  the  first  of  August,  as  they  thought  that  we  would 
all  be  done  surveying  by  that  time.  We  went  to  one 
of  the  main  branches  of  Elk  Horn  Creek,  &  there  began 
our  survey,  it  thundered  &  rained. 

7th.  We  continued  our  survey  &  had  to  swim  the 
Creek,  with  our  Gun,  &  Packs,  on  our  heads.  Our  sur 
veys  begin  on  the  North  branch  of  the  Elk  Horn  Creek, 
about  7  or  8  miles  from  the  forks. 

8th.  We  continued  our  Surveys,  the  lines  all  run 
ning  paralel  with  each  other  —  running  in  length  N  20 
E.  in  breadth,  S.  70  E.  The  land  is  so  good  that  I 
cannot  give  it  its  due  praise.  Its  under  growth  is 
Clover  Pea  vine  Cane  &  Nettles  —  intermixed  with 
Rich  weed.  Its  Timber  is  Honey  Locust,  Black  wal 
nut,  Sugar  tree,  Hickory,  iron  wood,  Hoop  wood,  Mul 
berry,  Ash,  &  Elm,  &  some  Oak. 

Qth.  We  surveyed  part  of  the  day  &  then  Mr.  Floyd 
&  Nash  went  in  search  of  a  spring,  which  they  found, 
&  here  abouts  we  continued  our  Surveying  til  the  i8th. 
day  of  the  month,  One  plot  joining  another,  &  all  of 
eaqual  goodness,  Well  watered.  Then  we  returned  to 
Floyd's  Spring.87 


We  leveled  Mr.  Floyd's  Spring,  &  found  it 
to  have  a  fall  of  13  feet  7  inches. 

2oth.  We  began  Mr.  Floyds  survey  of  1000  acres 
about  his  spring,  which  is  the  largest  1  have  ever  seen, 
in  the  whole  country  and  forms  a  creek  of  itself. 


87  Royal  Spring,  near  the  site  of  Georgetown,  Scott  County. 
The  latter  name  was  given  it  in  1775 ;  and  in  that  year  or 
early  the  next,  McClelland's  Station  was  established  at  this 
place. — ED. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL 


2 1  st.  We  finished  Mr.  Floyd's  Survey,  &  set  off  for 
the  Cabbin  &  traveled  20  miles  &  Campt.  The  land  all 
good  &  level  that  we  passed  over  today. 

22nd.  We  changed  our  course  to  the  S.  W.  &  struck 
the  River  in  10  miles  traveling,  a  little  above  Dicks 
river  which  is  10  miles  above  the  Cabbin.  We  kept 
down  the  river  about  8  miles.  The  land  near  the  river 
is  high  Hills  with  Cliffs  of  Rocks  facing  the  river  on 
both  sides,  which  is  lime  Stone.  (Mr.  Floyd  says  that 
he  observed  some  free  stone  there  also) 

23rd.  We  Crossed  the  river,  some  of  us  on  a  Raft 
with  our  packs  &  Guns,  &  others  of  us  Swam  over, 
we  then  traveled  out  straight  into  the  Country  6  miles 
&  lay  down. 

24th.  We  Steared  West  Course  to  find  the  road  that 
is  between  Salt  River  &  the  Cabin  &  we  found  it  in 
4  miles  travel  &  proceeded  to  the  Cabin  4  miles  further. 
At  our  arrival  we  were  surprised  to  find  every  thing 
squandered  upon  the  ground  &  two  fires  burning.  Mr. 
Floyd  &  Nash  went  down  to  the  landing  place  &  found 
these  words  wrote  on  a  tree.  "Alarmed  by  finding 
some  people  killed  we  are  gone  down  this  way."88 
Mr.  Kite's  &  Mr.  Douglas  party  that  arrived  here  2 
days  before  us,  which  we  knew  by  a  note  found  there, 
We  took  a  Canoe  we  found  here  &  crossed  the  river,  & 


88 The  men  killed  were  James  Hamilton  and  James  Cowan, 
the  tragedy  occurring  July  8,  1774.  The  survivors  escaping  to 
Harrodsburg,  warned  that  party,  and  they  all  set  out  for  the 
settlements,  arriving  July  29.  The  notice  on  the  tree  puzzled 
Floyd,  who  was  at  a  loss  to  understand  the  phrase  "gone 
down."  It  did  apply,  however,  to  the  descent  of  Douglas  and 
party  to  New  Orleans.  See  ante,  p.  in,  note  59;  also  Amer 
ican  Pioneer,  ii,  p.  326;  Amer.  Archives,  i,  p.  707;  and  Drapei 
MSS.,  3B3Q5,  306.— ED. 


I32 


DUN  MORE' S  WAR 


traveled  8  miles  north  into  the  Country.  We  made 
search  for  Mr.  Floyd's  saddle  bags  but  could  not  find 
them. 

25th.  We  Steered  our  Course  E.  S.  E.  which 
brought  us  in  sight  of  the  river  again,  therefore 
we  changed  our  course  E.  N.  E.  6  miles,  &  then  stopt 
for  the  night.  We  were  in  a  very  bad  plight  for  trav 
eling  home  but  about  15  rounds  of  powder,  &  none  of 
us  knew  the  way,  the  land  here  is  good. 

26th.  We  traveled  22  miles — 16  of  them  an  E. 
Course.  &  6  N.  E.  the  land  all  good  except  4  miles 
with  several  Creeks  running  through  it. 

27th.  We  traveled  22  miles  E.  Course  12  miles  of 
it  good  land. 

28th.  We  traveled  20  nr'1es  as  near  E.  as  the  moun 
tains  would  let  us,  crossing  north  branch  of  Kentucky. 
The  mountains  here  were  so  steep,  that  we  were 
obliged  to  throw  all  away  that  we  had,  except  our  Knit 
Leggins  &  Mockasons. 

29th.  We  changed  our  course  to  the  S.  E.  as  we 
thought  we  were  too  far  North  &  traveled  but  18  miles, 
the  mountains  so  steep  and  tiresome. 

3<Dth.  We  traveled  but  9  miles  a  S.  E.  course  & 
then  were  obliged  to  hunt,  as  our  provisions  were  out. 
We  crossed  another  branch  of  Kentucky, 

3 1 st.  We  traveled  about  4  miles  on  another  branch 
of  Kentucky,  leading  E.  Mr.  Floyd  had  a  very  sore 
foot  which  caused  us  to  stop  here. 

Aug.  i st.  1774  We  traveled  about  25  miles  S.  E. 
&  came  on  another  branch  of  Kentucky  that  we  crossed 
which  did  not  lead  on  our  course. 

2nd.  We  traveled  about  25  miles,  &  came  on  the 
3rd  branch  of  Kentucky  that  we  crossed. 


HANSON'S  JOURNAL  133 

3rd.  We  traveled  up  the  river  20  miles.  Its  chief 
bearing  is  a  S.  E.  course  small  bottoms  on  the  River. 

4th.  We  traveled  5  miles  up  the  river  &  met  with  a 
gang  of  Buffaloes,  killed  two  &  provided  ourselves 
with  Provisions. 

c;th.  We  traveled  30  miles  up  the  river  still  bearing 
to  the  Southward  of  East  small  bottoms  along  the  river. 

July  [Aug.]  6th.  We  traveled  17  miles  up  the  River 
Easterly,  then  it  turned  Northward,  which  made  us 
leave  it,  &  go  up  a  branch  bearing  Eastward  I  mile. 
We  passed  a  large  Vein  of  Cole,  that  makes  its  ap 
pearance  in  the  River  Bank. 

July  [Aug.]  7th.  We  traveled  up  the  branch — to 
a  large  mountain  which  we  found  to  be  Cumberland 
Mountain.  We  think  we  came  30  miles  this  day. 

8th.  We  had  a  blazed  road  which  took  us  through 
the  gap  of  a  large  mountain,  &  brought  us  to  the  head 
of  Powels  river,  where  we  lost  the  Blazes,  and  steared 
our  Course  over  the  mountain,  S.  E.  which  brought  us 
on  Guess's  River  a  water  of  Clinch  River,  running 
nearly  east,  &  we  traveled  this  day  30  miles.89 

Qth.  We  kept  that  River  in  sight  til  we  came  to 
Clinch  river  in  the  afternoon  to  Mr.  Blackburns  near 
the  Rye  Cove  where  we  found  them  forted  in,  pre 
pared  for  war  with  the  Shawnees. 


89  Preston  (Amer.  Archives,  i,  p.  707)  speaks  of  this  as  "an 
extreme,  painful,  and  fatiguing  journey  of  sixteen  days 
through  mountains  almost  inaccessible  and  ways  unknown." 
Dr.  Draper  thinks  they  came  through  Pound  Gap,  a  depres 
sion  in  Cumberland  Mountains  in  Russell  County,  Va. 
Guest's  River,  a  western  branch  of  Clinch,  mingles  its  head 
waters  with  those  of  Pound  Fork  of  the  Big  Sandy.  Chris 
topher  Gist  took  a  similar  route  in  1751,  and  the  name  of  the 
river  appears  to  be  a  variant  of  Gist's  River.  See  "First  Ex 
ploration  of  Kentucky,"  in  Filson  Club  Papers,  No.  13. — ED. 


134 


DUNMORE'S  WAR 


SINKING  CBEEK  MASSACRE  DELAYS  THE  EXPE 
DITION 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Capt.  Daniel  Smith.    4X43.] 

ROYAL-OAK,  Augt.  9  1774 

DEAR  SIR — I  have  this  moment  Received  intelligence 
of  several  people  being  killed  last  Monday  by  the  In 
dians  on  Sinking-Creek  about  10  miles  from  Colo. 
Prestons.90  This  makes  it  necessary  that  we  should 
be  strictly  on  our  guard  least  some  straggling  party 
should  visit  us.  Therefore  endeavour  without  loss  of 
time  to  get  the  Inhabitants  in  your  Company  col 
lected  together  into  2  or  3  convenient  places  for  forts, 
and  let  them  keep  up  strict  and  regular  Duty  until 
more  Men  can  be  sent  over  to  assist  them  which  I  will 
endeavour  to  have  done  with  all  possible  speed.  This 
alarm  will  retard  the  expedition  at  least  a  Week,  there 
fore  all  young  men  that  chooses  to  do  regular  Duty 
may  be  taken  into  pay  I  expect  an  Express  Tomor 
row  from  Colo.  Preston  after  which  you  shall  have 
further  Instructions.  Pray  do  every  thing  in  your 
power  for  the  safety  of  the  Inhabitants. 

I  am  Dr  Sir,  very  sincerely  Yours 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 

On   his   Majestys   Service    To   Captain    Daniel   Smith   on 
Clinch 


90  This  refers  to  the  massacre  of  the  family  of  Balser  Ly~ 
brook — see  Robertson's  letter  of  August  12,  post.  The  father 
was  wounded,  but  escaped  by  hiding  in  a  cave.  Of  the  boys, 
John  was  still  living  in  the  vicinity  in  1836.  For  his  account 
of  the  massacre  and  his  own  escape,  see  Draper  MSS.,  318, 
book  3,  pp.  47,  55,  57-61 ;  see  also  Preston's  account  in  Amer. 
Archives,  i,  p.  707. — ED. 


SINKING  CREEK  MASSACRE  135 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ79-] 

[Aug.  9,  1774] 91 

SIR — I  have  just  Received  an  account  by  one  Bates 
(who  lodged  last  Sunday  Night  at  Billey  Robinsons) 
that  the  Indians  had  done  some  damage  on  Sinking 
Creek  I  therefore  tho't  it  my  Duty  least  the  Enemy 
might  be  out  also  upon  this  Quarter,  to  send  Expresses 
to  Capt.  Russell  and  Smith  to  be  on  their  Guard  and 
to  collect  the  Inhabitants  immediately  into  the  Forts. 
I  have  also  Ordered  some  of  the  Captains  on  this  side 
to  draught  about  40  Men  to  join  them;  I  would  be 
glad  you  would  order  some  Men  to  be  draughted  out 
of  Capt.  Herberts  and  the  late  Capt.  Doacks  Company, 
to  join  Capt.  Smith  at  his  Station  near  the  Head  of 
Clinch  if  those  two  Companys  furnish  about  30  Men 
I  think  I  can  compleat  ye.  two  Companys  afterwards 
from  this  River  I  am  extremely  anxious  that  these 
draughts  may  not  interfere  with  the  expedition.  I 
have  even  gone  so  far  as  to  say  that  such  as  has  al 
ready  turned  out  or  Young  Men  that  can  be  spar'd 
will  not  be  suffered  to  get  pay  if  they  would  go  to  the 
Forts.  However  by  accounts  from  the  lower  settle 
ment  today  Capt.  Shelby  is  succeeding  very  well  20 
Men  being  coming  from  Wattago  to  join  him  I 
shall  make  use  of  this  late  outrage  to  Spirit  up  our 
people  to  go  on  the  expedition. 

Excuse  my  anticipating  your  Orders  about  sending 
Men  out,  as  I  tho't  a  Days  delay  might  be  dangerous. 


91  This  letter  is  undated,  but  internal  evidence  proves  that 
it  must  have  been  written  at  the  same  time  as  that  of  Captain 
Smith. — ED. 


136  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Please  give  me  instructions  how  the  Forts  is  to  be 
provided  with  Provisions  especially  Flour  viz  Whether 
the  Capts.  is  to  engage  it  themselves  or  a  Commission 
be  appointed  to  provide  it.  Before  Capt.  Harrod92  re 
turned  his  Men  was  billeted  out  at  places  that  pleased 
them ;  They  have  now  concluded  to  stay  here  until 
the  Holston  Troops  March  with  them  to  the  place  of 
Rendezvous. 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 


FINCASTLE  OFFICERS    FOB  THE  EXPEDITION 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ72.] 

ROYAL  OAK  Augt.  10**.  1774 

DEAR  SIR — The  Bearer  Capt.  Looney  will  wait  on 
you  about  some  Business  concerning  the  Expedition 
It  appears  by  what  I  am  informed  by  him  and  Capt. 
Shelby  that  there  is  not  quite  so  good  an  understand 
ing  subsisting  between  them  as  I  could  Wish ;  how 
ever  if  both  could  be  gratifyed  as  they  are  good  old 
hands  it  might  turn  out  well;  If  Capt.  Russell  goes 
on  the  Expedition  I  think  there  will  be  an  absolutely 
necessity  for  Capt.  Looney93  to  be  put  in  business  on 
that  Quarter  as  I  cannot  think  of  any  Officer  on  this 
River  that  will  suit  so  well:  I  had  a  Letter  Yester- 


92  For  Capt.  James  Harrod  from  Kentucky,  see  ante,  p.  108, 
note  55. — ED. 

93  The  Looneys  were  a  well-known  pioneer  family  of  South 
west  Virginia.    Captain  Looney  did  not  accompany  the  expe 
dition. — ED. 


FINCASTLE  OFFICERS  137 

day  from  Capt.  Russell  who  mentions  his  doubts  of 
raising  a  Company  which  if  he  could  not  he  would 
rather  continue,  or,  rather  be  employed,  on  the  Fron 
tiers  ;  he  also  mentions  some  tracts  lately  being  discov 
ered.  I  am  informd  by  another  hand  that  his  Wife  is 
extremely  against  his  going.  I  think  I  can  be  a  judge 
in  a  few  days  whether  it  would  best  for  him  or  Capt. 
Looney  to  goe  on  the  Expedition.  I  think  also  that 
it  will  be  necessary  to  appoint  Capt.  Doacks  men  to 
go  under  Capt.  Crockett  or  Capt.  Wm.  Campbell  As 
not  a  Man  of  that  Company  I  am  informed  will  go 
under  Capt.  Herbert.  I  know  you  would  willingly  re 
move  every  reasonable  objection  to  forward  the  Expe 
dition.  I  dont  know  as  they  mens  objection  is  very 
reasonable  against  Herbert  but  yet  it  may  be  proper 
to  gratify  them.  I  wish  Capt.  Herbert  may  give  way 
on  this  occasion  as  perhaps  five  Capts.  may  do  as  well 
with  2  or  3  extraordinary  subalterns  as  the  first  ap 
pointment,  or  you  can  be  a  judge  at  the  place  of  ren 
dezvous  who  may  be  properist  to  appoint  for  the 
sixth.94  Capt.  Looney  can  inform  you  how  we  are 
embarrassed  about  finding  flour  for  the  Forts.  I 
have  not  yet  heard  from  Reed  Creek  perhaps  some 
may  be  got  there.  Capt.  Wm.  Campbell  desires  me  to 
recommend  one  John  Anderson  to  you  for  Ensign  to 
Capt.  Looney  I  believe  you  are  acquainted  with  the 
Young  Gent,  and  I  think  he  may  be  a  proper  person.98 


94 The  five  captains  were,  William  Campbell,  William  Rus 
sell,  Evan  Shelby,  Walter  Crockett,  and  William  Herbert. 
John  Floyd  also  raised  a  company  in  this  region.— ED. 

95  The  Anderson  family  was  one  of  the  oldest  in  Augusta 
County,  settling  there  in  1738.  This  was  probably  a  grandson 
of  the  first  John,  and  eldest  son  of  Andrew.  See  Waddell,  Au 
gusta  County,  p.  332. — ED. 


138  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

I  am  now  waiting  with  impatience  to  receive  the  Let 
ter  you  promised  to  write  me  from  Colo.  Lewis's; 
that  I  may  know  what  department  I  am  to  act  in. 
The  Expedition  is  the  Principal  object  of  my  atten 
tion  ;  but  if  you  order  the  care  of  this  Frontier  to  me ; 
I  will  submit. 

The  late  stroke  in  your  Neighborhood  is  alarming. 
I  hope  it  will  rouse  our  Spirits  to  make  speedy  re 
prisals. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  Esteem    Your  Obedient  Sert. 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 

To  Colo.  William  Preston    pr.  R  of  Cap*.  Looney 


INDIANS  HARASS  THE  FRONTIER 

[James  Robertson  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ73.] 
CULBERSONS  n^h  August  1774 

SIR — I  was  Expecting  Orders  to  Gone  Home  to 
Seen  Some  What  About  my  Affairs.  I  have  a  good 
deal  to  do  before  I  Can  Start  to  the  Expedition  Which 
I  would  by  no  means  miss  if  I'  Can  Possibly  make  out 
to  go.  There  has  been  three  or  four  Indians  Visiting 
the  Waste  plantations  Above  us  on  the  River  they 
Burnt  a  House  About  five  miles  above  the  fort  Last 
Sunday,  we  got  word  that  night  of  it  and  I  Set  out 
monday  morning  Early  and  was  Constantly  on  Search 
of  them  untill  Last  night  but  there  was  So  few  of  them 
they  made  not  the  Least  Sign  that  we  Could  follow 
I  will  Send  out  A  party  to  clay  and  Watch  About  the 
Old  Plantations  as  they  will  Perhaps  be  Sculking 
About,  the  men  Seems  Resolute  for  A  Sculp  or  two, 


FRONTIER  HARASSED  139 

and  I  have  Offered  £5  for  the  first  Indians  hand  that 
will  be  brought  in  to  the  fort  by  any  of  the  Compy. 
John  Draper  set  out  Sunday  Last  with  20  men  up  Blue 
Stone  as  far  as  the  Clover  Bottoms,  on  their  march 
they  Came  Across  the  Tracks  of  four  or  five  Indians 
they  folow'd  them  Some  way  but  they  Scatered  so 
they  Could  not  folow  them  they  were  making  into 
new  River  by  their  Course  about  the  place  where  they 
Burnt  the  House,  they  Left  a  War  Club  at  one  of 
the  wasted  Plantations  well  made  and  mark'd  with 
two  Letters  I  G  (well  made)  So  that  I  think  there 
Party  to  Range  with  though  they  are  All  Distracted 
Eight  or  Ten  men  that  Came  with  me  and  mastin  1 
with  the  Rest  that  Came  with  me  will  Continue  untill 
monday  when  we  must  Start  as  there  is  Severals  of 
them  going  on  the  Expedition. 

The  party  that  Came  with  Draper  and  Patton  will 
be  plenty  to  Keep  the  fort  and  Likewise  have  a  Smart 
Party  to  Range  with  though  they  are  All  Distracted 
Already  for  Home  I  Keep  the  Scouts  out  as  far  as 
the  Glades  they  Cannot  See  any  Signs  of  the  Indians 
that  Road  I  Supose  these  Indians  Came  up  Sandy 
River  and  In  by  the  Head  of  Blue  Stone.  I  will  make 
the  Scouts  go  up  High  on  Blue  Stone  and  Watch  the 
Roads  that  way.  Sir  I  dare  say  you  have  a  Good 
Deal  of  Trouble  Geting  hands  to  us,  and  I  am  Sure  I 
have  a  Vaste  Deal  of  Trouble  in  Keeping  them  in 
Tune  as  they  are  A  Distracted  Enough  party  I  assure 
you  my  Complmts.  to  your  famyly  and  Sir  I  Heartyly 
wish  you  Luck  from  your  most  Obd  S. 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 


140 


DUNMORE'S  WAR 


N.  B.     I  have  had  a  Severe  Spell  of  a  Great  Cole! 
and  the  worst  tooth  Ache  that  ever  was 

JAS.  ROBERTSON 
To  Col.  William  Preston    P*.  Mr.  Edmond  Vance 


[James  Robert«on  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ74-] 

CULBERSONS  1 2th  August  1774 

SIR — This  morning  Our  Scouts  met  with  a  Couple 
of  Poor  Little  Boys  betwen  this  and  Blue  Stone  one 
A  Son  of  John  McGriffs  the  Other  a  Son  of  Widow 
Snydoes  at  Burks  fort,96  that  made  their  Escapes  from 
the  Indians  Last  Tuesday  night  about  midnight  away 
up  towards  the  Clover  Bottoms  on  Blue  Stone  or  Be 
tween  that  and  the  lower  war  Road  on  Blue  Stone 
They  were  taken  from  Falser  Lybrooks  Sunday  Last 
there  was  two  Indians  and  a  white  man  Only  that  did 
the  mischief,  they  Emediately  set  off  from  there 
with  the  greatest  Caution  the  Boys  Says  Walking 
on  Stoney  Hills  the  worst  way  Imaginable  they  have 
five  or  six  small  sculps,  which  I  Imagine  is  Poor 
Lybrooks  Children,  as  they  were  in  A  Canoe  and  the 
Boys  Say  they  See  the  Indns.  Sculping  the  Chldn.  in 
the  Canoe,  they  were  three  poor  Sons  of  Bitches  In- 
tirely  naked  without  Either  Blankets  or  match  Coats 
and  the  Boys  Say's  they  were  dividing  their  Powder 
with  Each  Other  and  they  are  Sure  they  had  not  Ten 
Loads.  I  was  making  up  a  party  to  Send  out  that 


86 At  Burke's  Garden,  in  Tazewell  County,  where  James 
Burke  had  settled  in  1753.  The  original  proprietor  and  all  his 
family  were  either  killed  or  captured  by  Indians. — ED. 


FRONTIER  HARASSED 


141 


way  where  the  Boys  left  the  Indns.  and  I  had  Sent  out 
a  Sarjt.  with  Eight  men  this  morning  by  Sun  Rise  up 
the  River  to  go  as  far  as  Rich  Creek  East  River  and 
Wolf  Creek97  if  they  were  to  See  any  Signs  Some 
of  the  party  at  Wood's  fort  was  to  Joyn  them,  there 
Is  15  men  kept  there — they  had  not  gone  more  then 
three  miles  along  the  Road  from  this  Place,  on  the 
North  Side  of  the  River  before  they  Came  on  the 
Tracks  of  Eight  or  Ten  Indians  or  whitemen  that  had 
gone  Since  a  Grait  Rain  that  was  Yesterday  about  the 
midle  of  the  day  I  know  not  any  Chance  of  white 
men  being  that  way  unless  About  that  number  I  Dis 
charged  yesterday  had  Delay'd  their  time  though  the 
Bearer  Can  Inform  you.  I  Sent  the  party  [which] 
was  going  on  Search  of  the  Indians  the  Boys  left 
After  these  Signs  nighest  Home  we  have  about  36 
men  here  besides  the  party  at  woods  though  some  of 
them  has  been  a  month  out  almost  and  Drapers  & 
Pattons  Party  is  Distracted  to  get  Home  already  as 
their  famylys  in  a  great  measure  is  the  frontiers 

Sir  Unless  you  keep  your  own  Side  of  the  moun 
tains  well  Guarded  there  them  Stragling  little  partys 
will  do  Abundance  of  Damage  where  People  is  Gath 
ered  in  forts  there  Ought  to  be  men  under  Pay  Just 
Ready  on  any  Occasion  these  Small  partys  passes 
Scouts  and  Companys  with  out  Possibly  being  Dis 
covered  if  my  Life  and  Honour  and  the  Lives  of  all 
my  Relations  and  the  Lives  of  all  my  well  wishers  was 
at  Stake  I  Can  do  no  more  then  I  have,  or  is  Ever 


97  For  Rich  Creek,  see  ante,  p.  112,  note  62.  East  River  and 
Wolf  Creek  are  western  affluents  of  the  New,  in  Giles 
County. — ED. 


I42  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Willing  to  do.  Youl  Please  to  make  the  Oficers  Draft 
Some  of  their  Compy.  that  has  not  yet  been  on  Duty 
and  Send  them  out,  as  the  party  that  Come  with  me 
is  all  Expecting  to  Set  of[f]  monday  Next  and 
Against,  they  get  Home  they  will  be  a  month  out  I 
had  A  thought  of  Seting  home  next  monday  but  I 
wont  Atempt  it  untill  I  See  if  we  Can  Rub  up  these 
Yalow  Dogs  A  Little  I  supose  my  helpless  famyly 
is  in  Great  fear,  and  Indeed  not  with  out  Reason. 
Perhaps  I  look  on  you  to  be  in  A  Dangerouser  Sta 
tion  there  then  we  are  here  and  would  advise  you  to 
keep  a  party  Constantly  on  their  Watch,  as  there  is 
white  men  amongst  them  they  Undoubtedly  know 
men  of  the  Best  Circumstance  and  that  is  What  they 
Generaly  Aim  at 

Dear  Sir  I  am  Your  most  Hbl.  Servant 

JAM£S  ROBERTSON 

N.  B.  Sir  I  have  been  in  the  Greatest  misery  Ever 
any  felow  was  in,  Since  Last  monday  with  A  pain  in 
my  Jaw  one  of  my  Eyes  Has  been  Shut  up  Ever 
Since  and  has  hardly  Either  Eat  or  Slept  I  Declare 

JR 

we  never  heard  of  the  Damage  being  done  untill  the 
Boys  Came  in,  the  party  Came  up  Sandy  and  Cross  by 
the  Clover  Bottoms  and  I  Imagine  is  going  that  way 
Again 


ARRANGEMENTS  FOR  ENLISTING 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ75-] 

ROYAL-OAK  Augt.  i2th  1774 

SIR — Yesterday  I  had  a  meeting  of  the  Inhabitants 
of  the   three   upper   Companys   on   this    River  at  the 


ENLISTMENTS 


143 


Town-House  And  am  Sorry  to  find  too  many  of  the 
Officers  making  partys;  in  going  on  the  Expedition, 
One  Vance  Capt.  Wm.  Campbells  Ensign  his  effectu 
ally  put  a  stop  to  the  Men  in  Capt.  Smiths  Company 
from  going  under  Capt.  Russell  and  Joseph  Drake  has 
made  a  party  in  Capt.  Wm.  Campbells  Company; 
I  did  all  I  could  to  divert  them  from  such  irregular 
proceedings ;  But  Mr.  Drake  persisted  and  became 
very  noisy,  and  nine  Men  which  I  observed  was  Crab- 
trees  late  adherents  together  with  Richardson  turned 
out  and  refused  to  go  without  Mr.  Drake  went  their 
Officer.  The  Men  in  the  other  two  Companys  insists 
that  they  may  have  an  Officer  out  of  their  own  Com 
pany  over  them  and  that  they  will  have  no  connection 
with  Crabtrees  Friends :  I  had  tho'ts  of  first  Order 
ing  Mr.  Drake  to  the  Fort,  but  upon  further  consider 
ation  I  will  encourage  the  whole  to  go  to  the  Camp  at 
Mr.  Thompsons;  and  I  have  left  it  to  Capt.  Wm. 
Campbell  to  make  report  to  you,  of  the  whole  proceed 
ing. 

On  my  way  home  I  met  with  your  Letter  of  the  8th 
Ins.  which  was  a  little  unlucky  it  came  to  hand  so 
late;  as  I  could  sent  the  Orders  From  ye.  Town- 
House  with  speed  to  Capts.  Shelby  and  Russell  how 
ever  no  time  shall  now  be  lost  as  I  will  hire  Expresses, 
To  day  for  that  purpose 

By  Capt.  Floyd  and  other  accounts  Capt.  Russell 
seems  now  inclined  to  decline  going  on  the  Expedi 
tion  provided  he  can  be  employed  on  the  Frontiers. 
He  has  generously  offered  what  Men  he  can  raise  to 
Capt.  Floyd  who  is  fond  of  going.  I  wish  this  altera 
tion  may  take  place ;  as  you  will  soon  know  what  Capt. 


144  UUNM0R&S  WAR 

Floyds  Merit  on  late  Occasions  intitles  him  to.  And 
I  know  your  willingness  to  serve  him.  Perhaps  be 
tween  Russell  and  Harrod  some  thing  can  be  done 
and  perhaps  [it]  may  be  seen  proper  that  Herbert 
stays  at  home. 

But  of  these  matters  I  only  aim  at  now  giving  you 
a  hint  When  the  whole  meets  at  ye.  Camp  at  Mr. 
Thompsons  matters  can  then  be  more  precisely  regu 
lated.  I  shall  use  my  utmost  influence  to  get  as  many 
as  possible  started  down  there;  and  I  believe  several 
supernumery  Officers  which  I  expect  when  they  have 
started  that  far,  will  choose  to  go  as  single  Volunteers 
rather  than  turn  back. 

Want  of  Powder  for  the  Forts  is  a  general  cry,  in 
deed  I  dont  know  what  they  Men,  that  goes  out  will 
do  for  want  of  it.  and  I  also  find  great  difficulty  of 
providing  Flour  I  believe  I  shall  have  to  purchase  it 
at  a  certain  Price  at  my  own  risque : — However  I  hope 
to  receive  a  Letter  from  you  in  a  few  Days;  with  a 
further  account  of  the  Expedition  and  more  particular 
extensive  Orders  to  me  if  I  stay  at  home  or  if  you 
dont  Order  it  to  the  contrary  before  that  time  I  in 
tend  to  wait  on  you  the  2Qth  Ins.  at  the  Camp  at  Mr. 
Thompsons  especially  as  several  of  the  Officers  going 
on  the  Expedition  has  requested  it  of  me  I  shall 
only  order  a  subaltern  to  Head  of  Clinch  in  ye.  Room 
of  the  late  Capt.  Doack  until  I  see  or  hear  from  you : 
I  believe  Capt.  Thompson  will  be  deceived  in  geting 
Men  without  drafting  however  I  shall  wait  until  he 
makes  trial.  Excuse  my  prolixty,  I  heartily  Wish 
your  Family  safety  from  so  near  dangerous  visitants 

And  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBSW, 


ENLISTMENTS 


145 


[Col.  William  Preston  to  Maj.  Arthur  Campbell.    3QQ76.] 

SMITHFIELD  Augt.  13th.  1774 

SIR — I  reed,  yours  by  Capt  Loony,  &  have  given  him 
Instructions  to  raise  a  Company  so  as  not  to  interfere 
with  any  of  the  Captains  already  appointed.  This 
need  not  preclude  Capt.  Russell  as  his  Company  will 
also  be  necessary  if  it  is  Consistant  with  his  private 
affairs  to  go  out;  as  I  am  apprehensive  there  will  be 
Occasion  for  as  many  as  can  be  raised.  I  would  be 
glad  to  know  his  full  determination  on  this  Head  as 
Soon  as  Possible. 

I  wrote  to  you  last  Monday  agreeable  to  my  Prom 
ise  at  the  meeting  of  the  Officers.  The  Letter  I  ex 
pected  the  Governor  would  send  to  Colo.  Lewis  had 
not  come  to  his  hand  yesterday  Evening  when  I  left 
that  Place. 

The  News  of  Capt.  Doacks  Death  came  to  me  after 
I  wrote  you,  So  that  some  Lieuts.  must  be  sent  to  the 
Head  of  Sandy  with  a  proper  Party  to  range  there. 
I  have  demanded  100  Men  with  proper  Officers  from 
the  County  Lieuts.  of  Pittsilvania  to  cover  the  Fron 
tiers  in  the  absence  of  the  Troops.  Those  will  be  em 
ployed  from  the  Head  of  Clinch  to  Culbersons.  I 
hope  men  enough  can  be  raised  in  the  County  to  guard 
the  Western  Frontier. 

I  can't  think  of  applying  to  Capt.  Herbert  to  drop 
the  Expedition  a  Second  Time,  when  he  gave  it  up 
so  genteely  at  first,  &  now  he  has  gone  so  far  in  the 
Business.  When  the  men  Assemble  at  Mr.  Thomsons 
I  hope  it  will  be  so  contrived  as  to  give  Sattisfaction 
to  all. 

10 


146  TTUNMOKR'^  WAR 

I  expect  Major  Ingles  here  to  Day  or  to  morrow  & 
shall  endeavour  to  engage  him  to  lay  in  Some  Flour 
at  your  House 

The  Governor  has  ordered  me  to  Stay  on  the  Fron 
tiers,  Colo.  Byrd  is  gone  down  the  Country  &  Colo. 
Christian  will,  I  believe  go  on  the  Expedition,  There 
fore  I  cannot  see  how  you  can  be  Spared  from  Hol- 
ston  where  it  is  absolutely  Necessary  there  should  be 
a  Field  Officer. 

I  beg  of  you  to  Press  the  Officers  to  put  their  men 
in  motion,  as  it  will  encourage  the  People  not  only 
in  this,  but  the  Neighbouring  Counties  to  prepare  for 
the  Journey ;  &  indeed  there  is  no  time  to  be  lost. 

I  am  Sir  your  most  Obedt  Servt. 

.  PRESTON 


[Col.  William  Preston  to  Capt.  John  L.  Joanes.    3QQI47-] 

SMITHFIELD  Augst  13^  1774 

SIR — I  returned  from  Botetourt  Court  about  two 
hours  ago,  I  was  at  Colo.  Lewis's  yesterday  Where 
I  met  with  Colo.  Fleeming  &  Colo.  Christian  when 
amongst  other  things  which  we  consulted  concerning 
the  expedition  it  was  concluded  that  I  should  write 
to  you  agreeable  to  my  promises;  and  let  you  know 
that  your  kind  offer  of  raising  50  men  fit  for  the  Ex 
pedition  is  thankfully  accepted  of  &  that  you  will  meet 
with  all  due  encouragement  according  to  the  Number 
of  men  you  can  engage  for  that  necessary  service.  It 
is  therefore  hoped  &  expected  that  you  will  not  Loose 
a  moment  in  raising  the  Men  &  having  them  prepared 


ENLISTMENTS  I47 

for  the  journey  &  to  march  them  immediately  to  Mr. 
Wm.  Thompsons  within  Ten  Miles  of  New  River 
where  the  necessary  Provisions  will  be  prepared  for 
them,  this  I  hope  you  will  be  able  to  effect  by  the 
24th  or  25th  Inst.  at  furthest  but  I  would  rather  you 
Could  do  it  sooner  as  the  Men  will  Rendezvous  at  the 
Levels  of  greenbrier  before  the  3Qth  You  may  assure 
your  Men  that  they  will  be  Paid  &  Regulated  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  militia  from  Fincastle  and  all  the 
other  Counties  are  &  that  their  duty  will  be  as  easy  as 
the  nature  of  the  service  will  admit  at  any  Rate  it 
will  be  no  harder  than  our  neighbours  &  friends  who 
are  engaged  in  the  same  service. 

I  would  have  no  objections  to  your  engageing  ten 
or  fifteen  more  than  ye  Company  to  stay  on  the  Fron 
tiers  dureing  the  absence  of  the  Forces  these  men 
would  be  under  my  direction  &  you  may  be  assured 
they  shall  be  well  used  Perhaps  a  few  might  engage 
in  this  part  of  the  service  that  might  not  incline  to  go 
on  the  expedition  but  I  would  not  have  you  loose  a 
moment  in  Complying  with  this  last  requist  as  the 
season  is  so  far  advanced  every  Minute  is  Precious 

I  wish  you  success  in  Raising  the  men  &  am  Sir 
your  verry  Hble  Set 

[WILLIAM  PRESTON] 

Cap*  John  Litton  Joanes 


[Col.  William  Preston  to  Capt.  David  Long.    3QQi40.] 

SIR— As  I  make  no  doubt  but  Capt.  Shelby  &  Capt. 
m.  Campbell  have  before  this  Time  complcated  their 


I48  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Companys  for  the  expedition  &  as  it  would  be  for  the 
Honour  &  Interest  of  the  County  to  send  out  a  large 
Body  of  Men  on  the  Occasion  &  the  rather  as  we  are 
not  Limited  to  any  Particular  number  I  would  there 
fore  be  glad  you  could  raise  a  company  capable  for 
Service.  You  tell  me  you  can  get  25  or  20  Men  off 
Watawgo  provided  they  can  have  Robt.  Lucas  for  a 
Lieutenant.  I  have  no  Objection  to  him  on  these 
Terms.  Mr.  John  Anderson  or  Mr.  Abraham  Bled- 
soe98  will  be  your  Ensign,  &  I  make  no  doubt  of  his 
endeavouring  to  get  some  Men  for  the  service;  but 
you  must  by  no  means  attempt  to  engage  any  one  man 
in  any  Company  that  has  promised  to  go  with  either 
Capt.  Shelby  or  Capt.  Campbell  or  their  Officers  this 
would  breed  endless  confusion  and  perhaps  retard  if 
not  ruin  the  expedition 

The  time  of  Rendesvouz  is  near  at  hand  therefore 
you  have  not  a  moment  to  Loose  in  raising  prepairing 
&  marching  your  men  to  Join  the  other  Companies  at 
Mr.  William  Thompsons  should  you  be  a  Day  or  two 
behind  you  might  overtake  them  before  they  asemble 
at  Greenbrier.  I  would  be  glad  to  hear  from  you  soon 
that  I  may  act  accordingly. 

I  wish  you  health  &  success  &  am  Sir.  yr.  Hble  Sert 

[WILUAM  PRESTON] 

August  I3th  1774 
To  Capt  David  Long 

98  Abraham  was  a  younger  brother  of  Isaac  and  Anthony 
Bledsoe. — ED. 


ENLISTMENTS 


149 


[Col.  Andrew  Lewis  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ77-] 

RICHFIELD"  August  ye.  i4th  1774 

SIR — By  John  Crinar  I  have  received  I  &  2  half 
barrels  gun  Powder,  i  ^  of  which  Sent  by  Robt. 
Donald,  he  has  for  you  I  y%  barrels  as  he  tells  me. 
I  have  likewise  received  by  him  16  galls  Spirits  & 
Sundry  other  Articles  which  exclusive  of  the  Spirits 
will  wegt.  about  150  Ibs.  This  I  mention  that  on  your 
giving  him  a  certificat  this  may  be  included  any  thing 
else  he  has  for  ye  Expedition  You  will  Order  out  by 
Your  Troops  &  I  hopfe]  you  will  send  by  them  all  ye 
powder  that  you  can  posably  spare.  Pray  let  me 
know  as  soon  as  Posable  what  Success  your  officers 
have  had  in  Recruteing.  Capt.  Love  will  have  very 
few  Crocket  Less  &  I  am  told  Rentfrow  will  have 
none,  it  is  sayed  ye  Little  River  people  are  all  fled.1 
I  am  afread  Draughting  must  [MS.  torn]  and  this  I 
have  no  opinion  of  I  am  [MS.  torn.] 
The  Bearer  had  2  Bushals  Corn  from  me 


DUNMORE  PREPARES  FOR  WAR 

[Lord  Dunmore  to  Lord  Dartmouth.     15.7149.] 

FREDERICK  COUNTY,  Aug.  14.  1774. 
I  wrote  your  Lordship  that  I  expected  a  War  with 
the  Indians,  since  that  the  Shawnees,  Mingoes,  and 


"The  home  of  General  Lewis,  whither  he  removed  from 
the  neighborhood  of  Staunton  in  1770.  It  was  near  Salem,  on 
the  Roanoke,  then  in  Botetourt,  now  in  Roanoke  County. — ED. 

1  Little  River  is  an  eastern  affluent  of  New,  entering  it  in 
Montgomery  County,  above  Ingles's  Ferry. — ED. 


150  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

some  of  the  Delawares,  have  fallen  on  our  frontiers, 
killed,  scalped,  and  most  cruelly  murdered,  a  great 
many  men,  women  and  children.  I  have  ordered  out 
a  good  many  parties  of  our  Militia,  one  of  which  fell 
upon  one  of  their  towns  called  Wahatomakie  on  the 
Muskingham  waters,  where  they  took  a  few  scalps, 
killed  some  and  made  one  prisoner,  destroyed  their 
Town  and  totally  erased  their  plantations,  but  I  find 
that  has  not  yet  called  those  home  that  were  out  on 
this  side  of  the  mountain,  for  whilst  I  was  at  dinner 
yesterday,  I  was  informed  by  a  person  who  made  his 
escape,  that  they  were  murdering  a  family  about  four 
teen  miles  from  me,  but  I  hope  in  eight  or  ten  days 
to  march  with  a  body  of  men  over  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  and  then  down  the  Ohio  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Scioto,  and  if  I  can  possibly  fall  upon  these  lower 
towns  undiscovered  I  think  I  shall  be  able  to  put  an 
end  to  this  most  cruel  war  in  which  there  is  neither 
honor,  pleasure,  nor  profit.  Enclosed  I  send  your 
Lordship  the  Resolutions  and  Instructions  of  the  Dele 
gates  of  the  different  counties  of  this  Colony;  and  I 
think  it  is  but  justice  to  His  Majesty's  Attorney  Gen 
eral  here,  to  send  your  Lordship  his  Considerations 
on  the  present  state  of  Virginia,  published  by  him  on 
this  occasion. 

[DUNMORS] 


McDONALD'S  EXPEDITION  151 

RAVAGES  ON  THE  FRONTIER;  RETURN  OF 
SURVEYORS 

[Extract  from  a  letter  of  Col.  William  Preston  to  George 
Washington.  15880.*  Consult  also  letter  of  Preston, 
Aug.  13,  1774,  in  Amer.  Archives,  i,  pp.  707,  708.] 

SMITHFIELD  Aug.  is**1,  1774: 

Mr.  Thomas  Hog  who  brought  the  plats  of  your 
land  on  Cole  River  from  Capt.  Floyd  in  April  last  with 
two  other  men  has  never  since  been  heard  of,  so  that 
there  is  no  doubt  of  their  being  killed  or  taken,  but  I 
fear  the  former  is  the  case.  Capt.  Floyd  with  three 
others  came  in  last  Saturday ;  the  other  surveyors  with 
a  party  of  men  are  still  out,  but  there  is  some  reason  to 
hope  they  are  safe. 
******** 

We  are  greatly  harrassed  by  the  enemy  in  this  coun 
try:  Abt.  ten  days  ago,  a  small  party  killed  five  per 
sons,  mostly  children,  &  took  three  prisoners  about  15 
miles  from  this  place,  which  is  greatly  exposed.  I  be 
gan  yesterday  to  build  a  fort  about  my  house  for  the 
defence  of  my  family. 


McDONALD'S  EXPEDITION 

[Extracts  from  a  letter  from  Maj.  Angus  McDonald  to  Maj. 
John  Connolly.  Reprinted  from  English  Historical  Man 
uscripts  Commission,  nth  Report,  v,  p.  359.] 3 

On  the   2d  instant  I   and  my   party   attacked   the 


2  This  extract  was  copied  by  Dr.  Draper  from  the  Washing 
ton  MSS.  in  the  State  Department,  Washington. — ED. 

3 The  following  extracts  were  enclosed  in  a  letter  from 
Thomas  Walpole  to  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  dated  Oct. 
27.— ED. 


152  DUNM ORE'S  W AR 

Upper  Shawnesse  towns ;  I  destroyed  their  corn  fields, 
burnt  their  cabins,  took  three  scalps  and  made  one 
prisoner;  I  had  two  men  killed  and  six  wounded. 
Simon  Girty4  being  returned  from  Wheeling  to  Pitts 
burgh  gives  the  following  information  the  nth  Aug 
ust,  1774.  That  he  met  David  Owens  and  twelve 
men  upon  Captina,  on  their  return  from  attacking  the 
upper  Shawnesse  Towns,  where  they  had  been  with 
Major  McDonald,5  who  told  him  that  the  day  before 


4  Simon  Girty,  frequently  known  as  the  renegade,  or  "White 
Indian,"  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1741.    At  the  age  of 
fifteen  he  was  captured  by  the  Indians,  and  lived  among  the 
Seneca  for  three  years.     After  his  return  he  served  as  inter 
preter,  and  learning  the  Delaware  language  was  made  a  chief 
of  their  tribe.     He  accompanied  Dunmore  as  interpreter,  and 
early  in  the  Revolution  enlisted  men  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Fort  Pitt  for  the  Continental  service.     In  1778  he  left  Fort 
Pitt  with   McKee  and   Elliott,  to  join  the   British  forces   at 
Detroit.     For  five  years  he  lived  among  the  Indians,  leading 
their    raids    against    the    border     settlements — work    which 
brought  much  obliquy  upon  him.    He  is  said  to  have  consented 
to  the  torture  of  Crawford,  and  is  known  to  have  been  at  St. 
Clair's    defeat    (1791)    and    Wayne's    victory    (1794).     Soon 
after  this  he  settled  on  the  Canada  side   of  Detroit   River, 
where  he  died  in  1818.     Sec  Butterfield,  History  of  the  Girtys 
(Cincinnati,  1890). — ED. 

5  Angus  McDonald  was  a  Scotch  Highlander  of  clan  Glen 
garry,  born  about  1727,  and  reared  and  educated  in  Glasgow. 
Having  participated  in  the  rebellion  of  1745,  he  fled  to  Amer 
ica  and  about  1754  removed  to  the  then  far-western  town  of 
Winchester    (Va.).     He   served    in    defense    of    the    frontier 
during  the  earlier  Indian  wars,  and  retired   (1763)    with  the 
rank  of  captain,  entitling  him  to  2,000  acres  of  Virginia  land, 
which  was  to  be  surveyed  by  Hancock  Taylor.     In   1769  he 
was  appointed  major  of  militia  for  Frederick  County,  and  at 
the  close  of  this  expedition  (December,  1774),  lieutenant-col 
onel.     Although  a  staunch  Whig,  he  refused  to  enter  the  Con 
tinental  army,  being  unwilling  to  serve  second  in  command  to 
a  colonel  without  military  experience.     He  died  early  in  1779. 
Major    McDonald    was    a    man    of    commanding    figure    and 
strong  personality,  and  a  rigid  disciplinarian  with  his  troops. 
After  this  Wakatomica  expedition,  McDonald  served  under 


McDONALD'S  EXPEDITION  153 

the  pilots  (Owens  being  one)  had  reached  Wacki- 
tomika;6  they  came  across  an  Indian  coming  towards 
them  at  whom  Owens  fired  but  missed  him,  then  the 
guides  found  a  horse  with  some  baggage  on  him. 
And  upon  their  arrival  at  Wackitomika,  they  were 
informed  by  a  prisoner  (afterwards  taken)  that  this 
Indian  was  going  for  bears'  oil  at  some  adjacent  en 
campment.  That  they  encamped  that  night,  and  the 
next  morning  proceeded  on  their  march  when  three 
men  (pilots  or  spies)  being  forward  they  heard  a  kind 
of  noise,  like  a  cough  on  the  path  before  them  which 
alarming  them,  they  saw  an  Indian  coming  up  towards 
them  on  the  road,  at  whom  they  fired  but  missed  him, 
advancing  a  little'  further  they  perceived  where  the 
Indians  had  made  blinds  on  the  path  side  to  waylay 
the  party  who  they  expected  to  be  coming  against 
them,  after  proceeding  a  little  further  they  were  fired 
upon  by  a  party  of  Indians  by  which  five  white  men 
were  wounded  and  two  killed;  and  one  Indian  sup 
posed  to  be  a  Delaware  also  killed,  but  how  many 


Dnnmore  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  an  autograph  letter 
of  Jan.  1775,  he  says  "all  the  Country  is  well  pleased  with  the 
Governours  Expeditions."  (Draper  MSS.,  4NN22). — ED. 

6Wakatomica  (Wapatomica)  was  a  group  of  Shawnee 
towns  on  the  Muskingum,  in  the  county  of  that  name,  not  far 
from  the  site  of  the  present  Dresden.  These  were  the  eastern 
most  of  the  Shawnee  villages,  and  the  home  of  the  most  hos 
tile  of  that  tribe.  Zeisberger,  the  Moravian  missionary, 
preached  here  in  1773  and  hoped  for  their  conversion ;  but  the 
wrongs  of  Logan  and  other  Ohio  Indians  were  discussed  at 
this  place  with  much  rancor,  and  from  here  war-parties  had 
gone  out  against  the  frontier  in  spite  of  the  intercession  of  the 
friendly  Delawares.  Early  in  the  summer  of  1774,  the  Shaw 
nee  had  deserted  the  Muskingum  towns  in  anticipation  of  an 
attack — see  Penna.  Archives,  iv,  pp.  552,  554,  559;  this  being 
so  long  delayed,  they  had  returned,  and  defended  their  homes 
against  the  Virginia  invasion. — ED. 


154  UUNMORE'S  WAR 

Indians  were  wounded  is  unknown,  but  they  suspected 
there  were  some  more  either  killed  or  wounded. 
Leaving  25  men  to  guard  the  wounded,  they  pursued 
the  Indians  into  the  Snakes'  Town,  and  the  advanced 
party  observing  an  Indian  making  from  the  water  up 
the  bank,  whom  they  suspecting  to  be  in  the  preceding 
battle,  fired  at  and  wounded  him,  the  main  body  then 
coming  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  to  the  said 
town,  Joseph  Nicholson  called  over  to  the  Indians  and 
told  them  that  he  was  one  of  the  six  nations;  the 
Indians  reply  and  asked  if  he  was  Simon  Girty,  Nich 
olson  answered  that  he  was  not  Simon  Girty,  for  that 
he  was  at  Fort  Pitt,  upon  which  four  of  the  Indians 
came  over.  Major  McDonald  then  gave  it  out  in 
orders  that  no  white  man  should  attempt  to  come  near 
them  or  molest  them.  A  council  then  commencing 
between  Major  McDonald  and  these  Indians,  one  of 
his  men  fired  across  the  river  and  killed  an  Indian. 
The  Indians  after  receiving  orders  from  Major  Mc 
Donald  to  bring  over  two  white  women  they  had  pris 
oners,  which  they  promised  to  obey,  were  dismissed, 
however  none  of  them  returned  except  one  Indian  an 
Onondaga  but  without  the  prisoners,  and  him  they 
detained  as  a  prisoner.  They  then  crossed  the  river 
and  attacked  the  Snakes'  Town,  where  they  found 
some  Indians  on  whom  they  fired,  killed  one,  and  one 
of  their  own  men  was  wounded,  last  of  all  they  pro 
ceeded  on  through  the  several  upper  towns,  destroying 
them  all  and  all  the  corn  they  found  standing  as  like 
wise  between  three  and  four  hundred  bushels  of  old 
corn.7 


7  The  best  single  account  of  McDonald's  expedition  is  the 
unpublished  one  by    Dr.    Draper    in    Draper    MSS.,  305-11. 


McDONALD'S  EXPEDITION  155 

I  Contemporary    newspaper    extract — Maryland    Journal    for 
Wednesday,  Sept.  7,   1774-    2JJ66.] 

WlLLIAMSBURG,   Aug.   1$: 

By  an  Express  from  the  frontiers  we  learn,  that 
Col.  Me  Donald  had  just  arrived  from  Wahato- 
makie,  a  Shawanese  town  on  the  Muskingum,  which 
he  has  destroyed  with  all  the  plantations  round  it, 
taken  three  scalps,  killed  several  of  the  Indians,  and 
made  one  prisoner,  with  the  loss  of  only  two  of  his 
people  &  six  wounded:  and  that  an  expedition  is 
planned  against  some  of  their  other  towns,  which,  if 


Consult  also  Amer.  Archives,  i,  pp.  682,  684,  722-724;  Wash 
ington-Crawford  Letters,  p.  95 ;  Penna.  Archives,  iv,  pp.  558, 
574;  Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West,  i,  p.  216;  Withers 
(Thwaites  ed.),  Border  Warfare,  pp.  153-155;  Crumrine, 
Washington  County,  Pa.,  p.  55;  Howe,  Ohio  (Cincinnati, 
1852),  pp.  382-384;  and  Jacob,  Life  of  Cresap,  pp.  67-70. 

Early  in  June  Dunmore  planned  an  expedition  against  the 
Indian  towns,  but  it  was  not  until  July  that  McDonald  suc 
ceeded  in  securing  a  force  sufficient  to  move  out.  About  400 
were  then  recruited,  chiefly  on  the  Monongahela  and  Youghio- 
gheny,  under  the  following  captains:  Michael  Cresap, 
Michael  Cresap,  Jr.  (nephew  of  the  preceding),  Hancock  Lee, 
Daniel  Morgan,  James  Wood,  Henry  Hoagland,  and  probably 
two  others.  Marching  across  country  and  joining  Crawford 
at  Wheeling,  where  he  was  left  in  command  of  Fort  Fincastle, 
McDonald  ordered  every  man  to  take  seven  days'  provisions 
in  his  pack,  and  crossed  the  river  (July  26)  at  the  mouth  of 
Fish  Creek,  some  twenty-four  miles  below  Wheeling,  whither 
they  had  floated  down  in  canoes.  George  Rogers  Clark,  who 
had  a  land-claim  in  this  vicinity,  was  a  subaltern  in  Cresap's 
command.  From  the  point  of  crossing,  the  towns  were  about 
ninety  miles  distant.  No  enemy  was  seen  until  within  six 
miles  of  Wakatomica,  where  about  thirty  Indians  awaited  the 
columns,  in  ambush  at  the  head  of  a  swampy  crossing.  A 
slight  skirmish  of  thirty  minutes  resulted  in  the  killing  of 
four  Indians  and  wounding  others,  when  the  enemy  broke  and 
fled.  The  whites  lost  two  killed  and  five  wounded,  among 
the  former  a  frontiersman  named  Martin  ;  among  the  latter 
Nathaniel  Fox,  William  Linn,  and  John  Hardin.  Leaving  a 
small  party  to  care  for  the  wounded,  the  army  pushed  on  to 


156  DVNM ORE'S  WAR 

successful,  will  probably  put  an  end  to  the  war.  Sev 
eral  parties  of  Indians  are  daily  seen  on  this  side  of 
the  Allegheny  Mountains,  but  they  have  done  little 
mischief  of  late,  except  scalping  one  family  on  the 
head  of  Cedar  Creek. 


FINCASTLE  MEN  MARCH  OUT 

[Capt.  William  Russell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ78.] 

DR.  COL°. — I  have  long  expected  to  have  been  re- 
leived,  by  Men  at  our  Forts,  that  the  Volunteers  might 


the  Muskingum,  where  they  arrived  about  nightfall  of  the 
second  of  August.  The  Indians  were  posted  on  the  opposite 
bank,  prepared  to  dispute  the  passage,  and  protect  the  first 
town.  After  some  sharp-shooting,  darkness  put  an  end  to  the 
combat,  and  the  whites  withdrew  to  hold  a  council  of  war  on 
the  expediency  of  forcing  passage  across  the  stream.  Cresap's 
and  Hoagland's  companies  were  detached  to  deploy  some 
miles  below,  and  at  the  break  of  day  cross  and  make  a  flank 
movement  on  the  towns.  Meanwhile  an  interpreter  brought 
in  a  Delaware  and  Mingo,  who  requested  peace.  The  former 
was  told  that  strict  orders  had  been  issued  to  molest  no 
friendly  Indians,  the  latter  was  sent  to  bring  hostages  from 
the  Shawnee.  He  returned  later  unsuccessful,  and  was  the 
prisoner  brought  back  by  the  expedition.  Cresap  spent  the 
night  in  preparation,  and  moved  out  two  hours  before  dawn, 
crossed  the  river,  and  had  a  slight  skirmish  in  which  the 
leader  himself  killed  one  Indian,  and  others  were  wounded. 
The  towns  were  found  abandoned.  After  burning  five  vil 
lages,  and  cutting  down  seventy  acres  of  standing  corn,  the 
army,  then  almost  entirely  destitute  of  provisions,  crossed 
country  to  Wheeling.  A  small  party  of  Pennsylvanians,  led 
by  Devereux  Smith,  and  of  Delaware  Indians  under  White 
Eyes,  had  come  to  Wheeling  two  days  after  the  army  had 
started  on  their  out-going  march.  Crawford  discouraged 
their  attempting  to  overtake  the  expedition,  whereupon  they 
returned  to  Pittsburg.  The  results  of  the  expedition  were 
slight,  ravages  upon  the  frontiers  thereafter  increasing  rather 
than  diminishing.  But  the  body  of  men  who  had  been  en 
listed,  awaited  at  Redstone  the  wing  of  the  army  taken  out 
by  Lord  Dunmore. — ED. 


MARCH  OF  FIN  CASTLE  MEN  157 

March,  to  the  appointed  place  of  Rendezvous:  such 
relief  was  promised  the  Men  when  they  Engaged  and 
such  they  must  have;  other  ways  are  ready,  only 
some  brown  Linen  which  Mr.  Brander  told  me,  should 
be  up  before  the  Army  Marched  from  Rendezvous. 
I  have  been  apply 'd  to  by  Majr.  Campbell  to  resign 
my  Interest  to  Capt.  Floyd,  of  the  Volunteers :  this 
[I]  wood  gladly  do,  to  serve  my  good  Friend;  which 
I  proposed  to  himself e,  and  am  still  Anxious,  if  I  can 
get  the  Command  of  a  Company  on  Clinch,  till  his 
return,  or  at  least  as  long  as  it  shall  be  thought  neces 
sary,  to  keep  Men  under  pay,  in  this  Quarter. 

I  have  heard  Capt.  Thompson  is  appointed  to  Com 
mand  a  Company  at  Blackmores,  should  I  be  granted 
a  Command,  and  it  shall  be  agreeable  to  you,  and  Capt. 
Thompson,  should  be  proud  it  could  be  your  pleasure, 
to  appoint  him  towards  the  head  of  the  River,  as  that 
will  give  him  a  more  Immediate  opportunity,  of  Secur 
ing  the  Inhabitants  about  his  Fathers,  and  even  his 
own,  and  I  think  Sir  You  will  think  it  absolutely  nec 
essary  to  have  two  Captains  to  Command  on  Clinch, 
at  this  Critical  season,  that  ought  to  be  Ranging,  be 
sides  those  in  the  Forts,  as  Constant  Guards,  to  the 
Inhabitants. 

Could  I  meet  with  this  Indulgence,  will  use  all  my 
endeavours  to  get  the  Men  to  go  with  Capt.  Floyd,  as 
it  is  my  sinceer  desire  [to]  serve  him :  but  otherways 
must  still  hope  for  your  promisd  favours,  of  Joining 
some  of  the  Ensigns  Recruits  in  the  County,  to  my 
Company  to  Complete  it;  there  are  about  thirty  that 
will  certainly  go  with  me;  and  Capt.  Smith  says  Wm. 


158  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

Bowen8  has  about  four  with  him  that  will  gladly  go 
with  me;  I  hope  to  have  Orders  (if  my  next  is  to 
march  for  the  Expedition)  to  take  Horses  proportion 
able,  with  what  has  been  granted  to  Capt.  Shelby,  as 
the  Men  look  for  the  same  Indulgence.  I  hope  to 
here  from  You  as  soon  as  possible,  in  the  Interim, 
relying  on  your  Charatable,  and  beneign  Endeavoures 
to  serve  me,  subscribe  my  selfe  Dr.  Colo, 
your  Most  Obedt  Humb.  Servt. 

W  Russmj, 
FT   PRESTON  August  the  i6t&.  1774 

N.  B.     The  Scout  give  Accts  of  Scattering  Tracts, 
about  Powels  Mtn.  supposed  to  be  Indians 

On   his   Majestys   Service    To   Colo.   William   Preston   on 
New  River    Pr.  fav.  of  Mjr.  Campbell 


[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell   to  Col.  William   Preston.    aQQSo.J 

SIR — About  ten  Minutes  ago  I  Received  yours  of 
the  1 7th  and  as  I  have  now  an  Oppertunity  by  Mr. 
Logan  will  write  to  Capt.  Looney.  I  wrote  Capt. 
Russell  Yesterday  much  to  the  same  purport  you  now 
desire  me  and  shall  now  press  him  more  earnestly, 
not  to  loose  a  moment.  I  expect  he  will  be  at  New 


8  William  Bowen  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1744.  When 
very  young  he  emigrated  to  Augusta  County,  and  as  a  lad  of 
fifteen  joined  Christian  in  pursuit  of  an  Indian  party  (1759). 
At  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  he  had  a  terrific  hand-to-hand 
struggle  with  an  Indian  antagonist,  whom  he  finally  over 
powered.  Ten  years  later  (1784),  he  removed  to  what  is 
now  Sumner  County,  Tenn.,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of 
his  life.  (Information  furnished  Dr.  Draper  by  his  daughter 
in  1844.  Draper  MSS.,  6Ci7).— ED. 


AUGUSTA  COUNTY  MEN  159 

River  by  the  26th.  This  day  the  Capts.  Shelby,  Wm. 
Campbell  &  Harwood  [Herbert]  March  in  high 
Spirits  from  this  place  with  upwards  of  80  Men 
Looney  and  Drake  has  done  hurt  to  Shelby,  &  Billey 
Campbell  and  one  Vance  has  done  the  like  in  Capt. 
Smiths  company  to  the  prejudice  of  Russell,  how 
ever  I  will  endeavour  to  humour  all  parties  until 
the[y]  come  to  rendezvous,  and  perhaps  you  can  fall 
on  some  method  then  for  the  best,  as  I  now  find  most 
of  the  Men  would  make  it  a  matter  of  indifference,  to 
join  their  first  proposed  Officers,  and  go  on  the  Expe 
dition  cheerfully  If  some  matters  is  once  explained  by 
you :  in  regard  to  their  pay.  I  propose  meeting  you 
at  Mr.  Thompsons  against  ye.  22d.  That  I  may  re 
ceive  Orders  fully  in  regard  how  I  am  to  act  on  the 
Frontier;  and  I  wish  you  to  be  there  to  Review  the 
Holston  Voluntiers. 

I  am  Sir  [MS.  torn]  most  Humble  Scrvt. 

[MS.  torn]  CAMPBEIA 

ROYAL-OAK  Augt.  igth.  1774 

On  his  Majestys  Service    To  Colo.  William  Preston 


AUGUSTA  COUNTY  CONTINGENT 

[Rev.   John    Brown   to   Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ8i.] 

VERY  DB.  SIR — The  frequent  alarms  that  reach  my 
Ears  from  your  quarter  of  the  Indians  appearing  & 
killing  your  Neighbours  gives  me  a  melancholy  damp, 
when  I  think  on  your  dangerous  situation,  &  your  con 
finement  to  it,  by  both  your  Business  &  honour,  that 
forbidd  your  moving  from  it.  I  hope  your  prudence 


160  DUN  MO  RE'S  WAR 

will  direct  you  to  every  apparent  method  that  will  tend 
to  secure  your  dr.  Family  from  the  barbarious  inten 
tion  of  the  heathen,  as  it  is  in  your  power  to  order 
men  for  the  def fence  of  the  Fronteers ;  let  not  your 
Courage  or  modesty  prevent  keeping  a  sufficient  gaurd 
about  your  own  House  as  a  means  of  preservation.  I 
trust  in  God  that  he  will  preserve  (my  dr.  Friend) 
from  all  Enemies. 

I  was  in  Town  last  week  Capt.  Mathies9  &  Me  Clan- 
achan10  Marched  with  noble  Companies  all  cheerfully 


9  Capt.  George  Matthews  was  of  Irish  descent,  born  in 
Augusta  County  in  1739.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  pursued 
a  raiding  party  of  Indians,  and  defeated  and  killed  nine  of 
their  number.  After  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  he  joined 
the  Revolutionary  army  as  colonel  of  the  9th  Virginia,  was 
captured  at  the  battle  of  Germantown,  and  confined  upon  a 
prison  ship  in  New  York  harbor  until  his  exchange  (1781),  in 
time  to  join  Greene's  army  at  the  head  of  the  3d  Virginia 
regiment.  A  few  years  later  he  removed  to  Georgia,  and  was 
twice  governor  of  the  state  (1787-89;  1793-96).  In  his  first 
term  he  befriended  Sevier  and  the  Franklin  government;  in 
his  second,  he  signed  the  notorious  Yazoo  acts,  and  although 
not  charged  with  personal  corruption  was  discredited  there 
for.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  constitutional  conven 
tion,  and  first  representative  in  congress  from  the  state.  In 
1811  he  was  appointed  commissioner  to  settle  the  East  Florida 
troubles,  and  in  1812  incited  a  rebellion  therein  against  Span 
ish  authority,  which  the  government  at  Washington  sup 
pressed  and  repudiated.  Matthew's  anger  thereat  was  great, 
and  he  started  for  Washington  to  remonstrate  with  the  au 
thorities,  but  was  taken  ill  of  a  fever  and  died  at  Augusta, 
Ga.  (1812).  He  was  a  unique  and  pronounced  character. 
For  personal  anecdotes  see  Gilmer,  First  Settlers  of  Upper 
Georgia  (New  York,  1855).  The  officers  of  his  company  in 
Lord  Dunmore's  War,  according  to  Draper  MSS.,  2ZZ52, 
were:  William  Robertson,  1st  lieutenant;  George  Gibson,  2nd 
lieutenant;  William  Kennedy,  sergeant,  the  latter  being  left 
with  sixteen  men  in  command  of  a  Greenbrier  fort. — ED. 

10 The  McClanahans  were  a  prominent  family  of  Augusta 
County.  Robert,  the  father,  settled  near  Staunton  about  1735; 
he  was  in  command  of  the  militia,  and  high  sheriff  until  1709. 
Two  sons  commanded  companies  in  Lord  Dunmore's  War. 


DEFENSE  OF  FRO*  i  lER  161 

willing  to  go  to  the  Shanee  towns.  Capt.  McDowel11 
marched  thursday  last ;  but  had  not  the  number  of 
men  allotted  to  him  by  the  Colo.  viz.  75.  I  under 
stand  that  25  that  were  drafted  refuse  to  go  with  him 
&  design  to  run  the  hazzard  of  the  fine  I  am  sorry 
that  both  parents  &  those  that  have  refused  speak  & 
act  so  unreasonably  relative  to  the  present  expedition, 
but  men  act  like  themselves. 

I  am  dr.  sr.  your  Brother  in  the  Strictest  friendship 

JOHN  BROWN 

August  22<i.  1774 

To  Col.  William  Preston  in  Smith-Fields  N.  River 


DEFENSE  OF  FRONTIER 

[Col.  William  Preston  to  Maj.  Arthur  Campbell.    3QQ82.] 

SIR — Agreeable  to  the  Conclusion  come  to  by  a 
Council  of  the  Militia  Officers  of  this  County,  the  sec 
ond  of  this  Month,  for  the  Defence  of  the  Frontiers, 
in  the  absence  of  the  Troops,12  I  ordered  Capt.  Thomp 
son  with  sixty  men  to  guard  the  lower  settlements  on 
Clinch,  which  Duty  I  suppose  he  is  upon  by  or  before 
this  time;  &  as  the  upper  Settlements  are  still  un 
covered,  I  would  have  you  appoint  Capt.  Daniel 
Smith  to  that  Service,  with  such  Officers  as  you  think 


This  was  the  elder,  Alexander,  named  for  his  maternal  grand 
father,  Alexander  Breckinridge.  He  was  colonel  of  the  7th 
Virginia  in  the  Revolution,  resigning  in  1778;  later,  he  was 
county  clerk  of  Augusta  for  many  years.  His  wife  was  a 
sister  of  Patrick  Henry's  first  wife. — ED. 

11  Capt.  Samuel  McDowell,  see  ante,  p.  25,  note  41. — ED. 

12 The  Indians  continued  their  depredations;  see  reports  in 
Amer.  Archives,  i,  p.  737. — ED. 
11 


1 62  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

proper;  &  there  must  be  thirty  men  draughted  from 
Capt.  Herbert's  &  the  late  Capt.  Doacks  Companies. 
The  men  are  to  be  disposed  of  along  that  Frontier  as 
was  agreed  on  at  the  meeting  of  the  Officers  above 
mentioned.  In  appointing  the  Subalterns,  I  would 
recommend  it  to  you  to  send  them  from  the  Com 
panies  which  produces  most  men ;  And  you  are  to  be 
particularly  careful  that  each  person  concerned,  per 
forms  the  Duty  incumbent  on  him. 

I  would  also  request  that  you  would  examine  care 
fully  into  the  number  of  Scouts  on  that  Quarter,  &  if 
you  see  it  necessary,  to  abridge  them.  You  will  like 
wise  make  enquiry,  how  they,  &  each  of  them,  have 
performed  the  trust  reposed  in  them,  and  make  report 
to  me  accordingly. 

WM.  PRESTON, 

[To  Major   Campbell] 
Augt.  25^.  1774 


[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ83-] 

ROYAL  OAK  Augt.  26.  1774 

SIR — By  a  Petition  I  seen  to  day  and  the  informa 
tion  of  Capt.  Russell  and  Smith,  it  appears  that  the 
Inhabitants  on  Clinch,  desire  to  be  employed  in  the 
Service;  the[y]  further  intimated  that  the[y]  hoped 
you  would  enlarge  the  Number  on  Duty ;  this  I  could 
by  no  means  en[cou]rage  until  I  had  Orders  from 
you:  This  far  I  let  th[e]  Gentlemen  know,  that  the 
Inhabitants  that  strictly  did  regular  Duty  might  be 
continued  on  the  Lists  unti[l]  a  sufficient  Number  of 
Draughts  might  arrive  to  compleat  the  Companys,  and 


RECRUITING  163 

then  I  would  recommend  it  to  the  Officers  to  keep  the 
best  Woodsmen  of  ye  Inhabitants  in  pay  for  the  pur 
pose  of  ranging  in  preference  to  any  that  might  offer 
themselves  from  Holston  or  New-River;  This  much 
don't  seem  to  give  satisfaction  I  would  therefore  be 
glad  to  receive  your  particular  Orders  on  this  sub 
ject;  I  am  afraid  if  the  Inhabitants]  is  not  indulged 
in  some  measure  at  least:  that  thefy]  may  lea[ve] 
the  settlement.  Capt.  Smith  informs  me  that  he 
thin[ks]  there  was  an  Indian  in  his  Cornfield  a  few 
Days  ago  It  is  likely  some  scattering  fellows  is  about, 
for  what  intent  I  cannot  certainly  judge 
I  am  Sir  Your  most  Humble  Servt 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELI, 

To  Colo.  William  Preston 


RECRUITING  FOR  THE  EXPEDITION 

[Capt.  John  Floyd  to  Col.  William  Preston.    33835-49.] 

ROYAL  OAK,  26th  Aug.  1774. 

Dr.  SIR — I  have  engaged  only  3  men  on  my  way  to 
this  place;  there  are  several  others  about  the  Mines 
&  Cripple  creek  ;13  I  have  sent  Ephm.  Drake  that  way 
with  a  few  lines,  who  says  he  makes  no  doubt  of  get 
ting  eight  more:  There  are  four  on  the  south  fork 
which  I  am  told  will  go  with  me.  I  can't  inform  you 
how  many  Jos.  Drake  has  got  since ;  but  I  understood 
there  are  near  forty  at  the  Town  House  waiting  till  I 

13  For  the  lead  mines  near  Fort  Chiswell,  see  ante,  p.  52, 
note  90.  Cripple  Creek  is  a  tributary  of  the  upper  New  River, 
whose  waters  interlace  with  those  of  the  upper  Holston. — ED. 


1 64  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

go  down ;  he  writes  me  that  the  men  wouldn't  go  on 
as  you  directed  before  he  started  himself,  &  now  de 
clare  they  will  not  go  under  any  Captain  except  he  is 
also  along.  I  am  told  he  disclosed  his  orders  before 
he  endeavored  to  send  down  the  men;  but  by  his  let 
ter  to  me  it  is  not  so.  Major  Campbell  &  his  brother 
are  much  incensed  against  him,  &  I  understand  the 
Major  has  sent  word  to  Capt.  Shelby  that  Drake  is 
stopping  his  men  as  they  come  by,  but  I  am  told  he  has 
only  engaged  two  that  came  from  Watauga.  I  hope 
you  will  not  take  too  much  notice  of  news  you  hear 
before  I  go  down,  &  I'll  write  you  exactly  how  it  is. 
I  shall  use  my  endeavors  to  send  down  every  man  to 
their  captain  if  I  find  they  had  promised  them  to  go; 
but  if  they  will  not  go  under  any  of  the  officers  already 
marched,  I  shall  bring  all  I  can,  &  the  matter  may  be 
settled  when  they  all  meet.  Upon  the  whole  I  make 
no  doubt  of  getting  my  number  of  men  &  overtake  the 
army  in  due  time. 

You  will  hear  by  Capt.  Russell  of  the  death  of  Mr. 
H.  Taylor  &  one  of  his  company,  my  poor  brother 
sufferers,  whose  death  I  hope  to  revenge  yet.14 

I  am  Dr.  Sir,  yours  affectionately,  while 

Jn.  Floyd. 

To  Colo.  \ym   Preston    Fincastle    Pr.  Capt.  Russell 


Cor,.  WM.  PRSSTON,  DEAR  SIR— The  chief  of  the 
men  Mr.  Drake  has  engaged,  as  well  as  those  he  before 


14  Hancock  Taylor,  the  surveyor  who  was  killed  by  Indians 
in  Kentucky,  together  with  one  James  Strother.  See  ante,  p. 
23,  note  38. — ED. 


RECRUITING  1165 

promised,  are  now  ready  to  march.  There  were  five 
men  of  the  number  he  before  promised  that  have  al 
ready  gone  and  joined  their  captains:  He  will  let 
you  know  who  they  are,  &  also  tell  you  how  many  of 
those  with  him  were  listed  since  he  last  returned. 
There  are  ten  on  the  way  from  Watago,  &  we  expect 
some  from  Clinch.  I  should  be  glad  Mr.  Drake  could 
return  &  assist  me;  you  may  depend  on  my  sending 
down  all  the  men  as  fast  as  they  are  ready.  Perhaps 
if  Mr.  Drake  should  not  return,  those  from  Watago 
may  not  be  so  well  satisfied,  as  I  am  not  acquainted 
with  them. 

If  Mr.  Bledsoe  resigns  his  interest  to  us,  I  think  we 
can  soon  be  ready  to  follow  the  army,  which  I  shall 
know  immediately  on  his  brother's  return  from  Caro 
lina  which  he  hourly  expects.  Mr.  Drake  can  inform 
you  how  things  are  here  better  than  I  can  write,  as  he 
is  in  haste.  Pray  let  have  the  news,  if  any,  by  all  op 
portunities.  I  am  Dr.  Sir  your  most  obt.  servant, 

JN.  FLOYD. 

2p[2;]th  Aug.  I774-15 

P.  S.  The  six  men  that  joined  their  captains  are — 
Wm.  Rodgers,  Wm.  Fowler,  Thos.  Baker, — Horn, 
James  Barnet,  & — Champe. 


TOWN  HOUSE,  August  28th. 

MY  DEAR  SIR — I  this  moment  reed,  yours,  &  have 

prevailed  with  the  men  to  march  down  with  Vance. 


16 In  the  copy,  the  letter  is  dated  2gth  Aug.;  but  as  it  is 
placed  before  the  letters  of  the  28th,  and  the  context  seems  to 
show  precedence,  the  assumption  is  it  should  be  the  27th. — ED. 


l66  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

I  have  promised  them  nothing  in  particular,  but  told 
them  when  they  came  to  you  they  would  be  dealt  fairly 
&  candidly  with,  &  that  you  would  do  everything  in 
your  power  to  make  them  easy.  The  chief  of  the  men, 
I  think,  wants  to  go  with  us ;  I  have  told  them  if  they 
were  not  satisfied,  we  should  endeavor  to  exchange 
one  for  another. 

I  read  part  of  your  letter  to  them  which  seems  to 
make  them  fully  satisfied.  I  wrote  you  yesterday  that 
I  made  no  doubt  of  raising  my  company,  but  when  I 
came  to  enquire  particularly  of  Drake,  I  find  he  has 
engaged  but  few,  I  imagine  about  15  with  what  I  en 
gaged  going  out:  Had  I  not  reed,  your  letter,  I  was 
in  a  fair  way  to  get  the  men  sent  down  with  Vance. 
There  are  several  of  the  men  engaged  with  Drake  who 
did  not  live  in  Mr.  Campbell's  bounds,  &  others  that 
did  not  live  in  the  colony,  but  I  have  sent  them  all 
along.  My  dearest  friend,  I  know  you  are  often  con 
fused  &  put  out  of  humor  with  settling  differences.  I 
shall  endeavor  to  carry  on  things  here  in  such  a  man 
ner  as  to  give  you  as  little  concern  as  possible;  but  I 
now  wish  I  had  done  as  I  think  you  would  have  ad 
vised  me  if  you  had  not  seen  I  was  anxious  to  go — 
but  I  always  intended,  &  for  the  future  always  will  be 
directed  by  you  in  all  my  future  undertakings.  You 
are  sensible  of  the  expense  I  have  been  at,  and  as  I 
have  undertaken  it  I  would  willingly  go.  Capt.  Bled- 
soe  has  wrote  you  about  going  out,  but  does  not  know 
whether  it  will  be  agreeable  to  you,  but  he  is  now  here 
&  says  if  has  not  fortune  in  getting  men  from  Caro 
lina  by  his  brother,  he  will  resign  his  interest  and  as 
sist  me  all  he  can.  If  he  has  done  anything  that  may 


RECRUITING  167 

displease  you,  pray  write  kindly  to  him  as  I  think  it 
may  be  an  advantage  to  me  as  I  know  with  his  help  I 
can  get  a  company.  Vance  thinks  you'll  be  angry 
with  him,  &  says  that  he  has  done  nothing  that  he 
thought  contrary  to  your  orders,  please  to  speak  calmly 
to  him  &  the  men,  &  endeavor  to  satisfy  them,  as  they 
rely  much  on  what  you  wrote  me.  They  are  not  al! 
ready,  but  shall  try  to  start  them  this  evening  or  soon 
of  the  morning.  I  have  heard  every  man's  sentiments 
with  regard  to  Joseph  Drake's  conduct  &  upon  the 
whole  when  you  are  made  more  sensible  of  it,  I  hope 
you  will  not  be  quite  of  the  same  opinion.  Mr. 
Lewis's  certificate  I  think  you  may  rely  on.  I  think 
the  men  yet  expect  to  go  with  us,  as  they  say  Capt. 
Campbell  has  his  full  company,  &  suppose  it  will  make 
no  difference  with  him ;  but  I  know  they  will  do  as  you 
order  them.  I  am  unwell  and  confused  by  people 
pressing  on  me  to  hear  news;  but  I  will  write  you 
again  by  every  opportunity 


August  28**.  1774. 

DR.  SIR — I  thought  a  few  hours  ago  I  had  every 
thing  in  order,  &  the  soldiers  to  march  down  imme 
diately  with  Vance;  since  which  Vance  has  refused  to 
go,  the  men  revolted  &  say  (the  greatest  part  of  them) 
they  will  go  with  nobody  but  Capt.  Drake,  who  was 
not  here  when  the  men  agreed  to  go  with  Vance. 
Billy  Bowen  can  tell  you  by  word  better  how  it  is,  or 
how  he  thinks  it  is  managed.  I  cannot  judge  what  is 
the  reason  why  Vance  declines,  or  why  the  men  refuse 
to  go  without  Drake.  Since  the  men  are  last  deter- 


1 68  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

mined,  they  blame  me  and  say  I  wanted  them  to  go 
with  Vance  to  get  some  of  my  own  ends  answered. 
In  short,  my  dear  sir,  I  don't  know  upon  what  terms 
I  am  here  myself;  I  again  wish  I  never  had  under 
taken  any  such  thing  as  raising  a  company,  but  as  I 
have,  I  would  not  be  disappointed  for  a  £100,  as  I 
never  yet  undertook  with  more  ardency. 

You  will  hear  of  Mr.  Boone's  return,  &  desire  of  go 
ing  out.16  If  Mr.  Drake  gets  a  birth  down  there  & 
does  not  immediately  return  to  me,  &  assist  according 
to  your  instructions,  I  may  let  Boone  join  me  and  try. 
Capt.  Bledsoe  says  Boone  has  more  interest  [influence] 
than  any  man  now  disengaged ;  &  you  know  what 
Boone  has  done  for  me  by  your  kind  directions,  for 
which  reason  I  love  the  man.  But  yet  do  as  you  think 
proper  in  every  thing  respecting  me.  Drake  wants 
to  see  you,  he  says,  to  clear  up  his  character.  Pray 
let  me  hear  from  you  by  Mr.  Ramsey,17  or  if  he  has 
come  away  by  the  first  opportunity  possible,  &  excuse 
my  letter,  for  I  am  angry,  confused  &  sick. 

JN.  FUJYD. 


16  Boone  reached  the  settlements  Aug.  27th.  See  ante,  for 
his  setting  out. — ED. 

17Josiah  Ramsey,  son  of  Thomas,  of  western  Virginia,  was 
captured  by  Indians  when  a  child,  being  returned  to  the  set 
tlements  after  Bouquet's  treaty  (1764).  He  was  at  the  battle 
of  Point  Pleasant,  and  suffered  from  lack  of  provisions  on 
the  homeward  route.  He  was  a  scout  in  the  Cherokee  cam 
paign  of  1776;  and  in  1780  removed  to  Kentucky,  the  next 
year  going  to  the  Cumberland  settlement,  where  he  was  major 
of  militia,  and  frequently  served  against  the  Indians.  He 
died  at  an  advanced  age,  at  his  son's  home  in  Missouri. 
See  Draper  MSS.,  5857-63.— ED. 


RECRUITING  169 

[Anthony  Bledsoe  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ86.] 

TOWN  HOUSE  Augt.  28th.  1774 

SIR — The  call  of  the  Contrey  on  me  for  my  Cattle 
hath  detained  me  from  making  so  great  a  Progress  in 
Rasing  a  Company  as  I  otherways  should  have  done, 
after  what  pas'd  at  Court  at  the  Council  of  Officers  I 
concluded  if  you  ware  Desirous  that  I  should  have  re 
cruited  a  Company,  in  North  Carolinia,  you  would 
have  given  me  orders  for  that  Purpose,  on  my  re 
ceiving  Colo.  Christians  Instructions  I  declair'd  my 
Intentions  to  go  on  the  Expedition  and  engaged  some 
men,  not  thinking  it  might  give  umbraige  to  any 
Gent,  and  am  heartyly  sorry  to  be  inform's  it  Disaf 
fected  you  at  my  Proceedings,  I  should  not  have 
Attempted  it  had  it  not  been  the  Officers  from  those 
Parts  had  marched 

I  sent  to  Carolinia  as  I  look'd  on  [considered  that] 
the  delay  of  the  Cattle  might  be  more  disagreeable  then 
the  delay  of  fifty  Men,  I  have  not  yet  had  any  return 
from  Carolinia  until  Which  return  I  shall  Continue 
to  engage  all  the  men  in  these  Parts,  except  forbid  by 
your  Orders.  I  hope  you  will  Condescend  to  give  me 
all  Indulgence  the  nature  of  the  case  will  allow.  I 
ani  desirous  of  Cowing  on  the  Expedition  and  have 
at  all  Times  shewed  a  Willingness  to  Serve  my  Con- 
trey  in  any  Station  Whereunto  I  was  call'd,  your  per- 
ticular  Instructions  by  Mr.  Ramsey  will  greatly 
oblige 

Dear  Sir  your  most  huml  Servt 

ANTHONY  BLKDSOE 

N.  B.     Please  to  excuse  hast 

On   his  Majestys    Service    To   Colo.   William   Preston   Pr 
Favr.  of  Mr.  Ramsey 


I  ;0  DUN  MO  RE'S  WAR 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William   Preston.    3QQ8S.] 

SIR — This  morning  I  went  to  the  Town-House  with 
Mr.  Bowen ;  As  Capt.  W^i.  Campbell  requested  me  in 
Order  to  notify  some  of  his  Men  that  former  faults  or 
breaches  of  their  Words  would  now  be  overlooked, 
provided  thefy]  marchd.  to  the  Camp  according  to 
your  directions :  All  the  Men  I  conversed  with  seem'd 
very  well  agreed  to  what  I  told  them  and  professed  an 
anxiety  to  go  on  the  Expedition  without  loss  of  time. 
Capt.  Floyd  communicated  your  Instructions  to  Vance 
which  he  agreed  to:  soon  after  Mr.  Drake  came,  and 
your  letter  was  delivered  him,  he  seemed  confused  for 
some  time  at  length  I  observ'd  him  to  have  several 
private  consultations  with  Vance  and  some  of  the 
Men,  after  which  it  was  signified  to  me  that  Vance 
would  not  March  to  the  Camp ;  although  he  had  agreed 
to  do  so  not  an  Hour  before.  I  then  asked  and  re 
quired  him  in  a  public  Manner  to  go  which  he  also 
refused;  Mr.  Bowen  was  then  proposed  to  march 
the  men  down :  when  Mr.  Drake  interposed  in  a  Clam 
ourous  manner,  and  said,  he  would  March  them  down 
himself.  He  was  expostulated  with  on  the  impropri 
ety  of  such  a  proceedure  since  your  Orders  could  not 
then  be  obey'd  in  assisting  Capt.  Floyd  to  raise  his 
Company:  however  he  obstinately  persisted,  and  I 
was  not  willing  to  bring  matters  here  to  any  further 
hight,  and  then  agreed  to  furnish  him  with  provisions 
for  the  Journey  and  Vance  immediately  went  off  home. 
I  don't  know  by  what  term  to  express  the  idea  I  have 
of  Mr.  Drakes  Character  and  behaviour  it  seems 
to  be  a  complication  of  such  Qualities  as  deserves  a 


RECRUITING  I7! 

very  coarse  name;  I  should  have  tho't  according  to 
my  idea  of  Military  regulations ;  that  if  the  first  Offi 
cers  in  the  county  under  you,  had,  so  prevaricated, 
and  trampled  on  Orders  thefy]  would  deserve  to  be 
severely  cashiered;  But  these  matters  you  know  best 
how  to  manage  at  this  critical  juncture. 

Capt.  Floyd  seems  uneasy  at  the  way  Drake  has  used 
him  as  he  now  plainly  discovers,  that  he  was  expect 
ing  to  be  appointed  to  a  separate  command.  For  this 
reason  and  to  relieve  Mr.  Floyds  anxiety  I  wrote  press- 
ingly  to  Mr.  Boon  to  raise  men  with  all  expedition  to 
join  Capt.  Floyd;  and  I  did  not  doubt  but  you  would 
do  everything  in  your  power  to  encourage  him.  And 
what  induced  me  particularly  to  apply  to  Mr.  Boon 
was  seeing  his  Journal  last  Night,  and  a  Letter  to  Capt. 
Russell  wherein  he  professes  a  great  desire  to  go  on 
the  Expedition,  &  I  am  well  informed  he  is  a  very 
popular  Officer  where  he  is  known  So  I  hope  Capt. 
Floyd  will  still  succeed  as  I  have  good  reason  to  be 
lieve  Mr.  Boon  will  get  all  in  Capt.  Looneys  Company 
that  intended  to  go  with  Bledsoe,  and  perhaps  you  can 
asist  a  Little  out  of  Waggoners  recruits  as  I  have 
heard  to  day  he  is  likely  to  get  some  Men.  I  have 
been  informed  that  Mr.  Boon  tract  a  small  party  of 
Indians  from  Cumberland  Gap,  to  near  the  Settlement, 
upon  this  intelligence  I  wrote  pressingly  to  Capt. 
Thompson  to  have  a  constant  look  out  and  to  urge  the 
Spys  strictly  to  do  their  duty 

I  am  embarrassed  about  geting  Flour,  Billy 
Sayers18  half  says  he  can  get  some,  but  I'  believe  he  is 


18  The  Sayers  were  one  of  the  earliest  families  to  remove 
to  Fincastle  County,  of  which  William  Sayers  was  deputy 
sheriff  in  1776. — ED. 


172  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

not  to  be  depended  on,  I  have  purchased  some  Corn, 
which  the  men  must  do  with  until  a  supply  can  be  got 
of  Flour.  I  was  apply'd  to  Yesterday  to  know  if 
Crabtree  could  be  taken  into  the  service  at  the  Forts ; 
I  discouraged  such  a  step  but  agreed  I  would  inform 
you,  and  be  guided  accordingly.  It  may  be  best  not 
to  drive  the  Wretch  to  despair  at  this  time.  Donelson 
can  easily  be  taken  if  there  is  a  Warrant  sent. 

I  am  Sir   with   much   Esteem   Your  most  Humble 
Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 
Augs,  28th.  1774 


[Cant.  William  Russell  to   Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ84.J 

..  t 

DR.  COLO. — I  have  got  as  fare  as  Mr.  Branders  with 
a  handful  of  Men  out  of  my  own  Company.  I  think 
our  Number  of  private  Men  is  thirty  one ;  in  what 
Manner  our  Company  is  to  be  compleated ;  you,  I  hope 
can  best  Determin.  the  Men  I  have,  are  fit  for  the 
business,  but  are  badly  fix'd,  for  want  of  Hunting 
shirts,  and  Blankets ;  but  as  I  hear  Mr.  Branders  Wag 
gon,  is  on  this  side  New  River;  I  hope  we  shall  get 
supply'd.  Mr.  Jno.  Green  and  three  others  of  Mr. 
Taylors  Company  have  Arrived  on  Clinch,19  but  did 
not  see  them,  as  they  only  came  to  Blackmores  the 
Night  before  we  Started:  and  this  Day  an  Express, 
from  Mr.  Boone  overtook  me,  to  informe  me  of  his 
return;  and  desire,  to  go  on  the  Expedition.  Mr. 
Taylor  with  two  others  of  his  Company  was  fired  on 


18 John   Bell,   Abraham  Hempinstall,  and  one  whose  name 
has  not  been  preserved. — ED. 


RECRUITING  173 

by  the  Indians,  in  the  Kentuck,  on  their  way  down  the 
River,  to  bring  up  some  Provisions  &c,  they  had  left. 
Mr.  Taylor  Received  two  balls  in  his  Boddy,  one  of 
which  proved  Mortal :  he  traveled  two  or  three  days, 
and  his  Company  carried  him,  two  more;  before  his 
Death :  the  Company  Buried  him  the  first  of  this  In 
stant:  one  more  of  the  Compy.  was  shot  ded  in  the 
Canoe  but  the  Works  are  brought  in,  except  one  Sur 
vey. 

I  hope  to  be  near  the  Camp,  at  Mr.  Thompsons  to 
morrow  night,  if  not  quite  there ;  when  I  hope  to  see 
You,  and  Colo.  Christian,  with  the  other  Gentlemen 
for  the  Expedition.  I  shall  be  glad  Sir.,  if  it  can  be 
done,  to  have  a  Gun  provided  against  we  come  down, 
as  I  have  a  very  good  Hand  without :  when  I  was  :~ 
the  service  before,  there  was  near  twenty  press'd  (*,  ^  : 
which  the  Country  freely  pay'd  for,  and  I  doubt  not, 
but  the  same  necessity  will  be  allowed  now.  Till  I 
have  the  pleasure  to  see  you ;  am  Dr.  Colo. 

your  most  Qbedt.  Humb.  servt. 

W.  RUSSELL 

Sunday  August  the  28th.  1774 

[Enclosure  in  above.] 

To  Col.  William  Preston  at  Camp  at  Capt.  Thompsons 
pr.  David  Gass20 

20  David  Gass  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  born  about 
1729.  In  early  life  he  removed  to  Albemarle  County,  Va.,  and 
about  1769  came  out  to  Castle  Woods,  on  Clinch.  He  pre 
pared  to  remove  with  his  family  to  Kentucky,  in  Boone's 
company  (1773)  ;  but  the  party  were  deterred  by  the  killing 
of  Boone's  and  Russell's  sons,  and  returned  to  the  Clinch, 
where  the  Boones  passed  the  next  few  years,  neighbors  to  the 
Gass  family.  In  1774,  Gass  was  employed  as  a  scout,  and  the 
next  year  went  with  Boone  to  Kentucky,  where  he  died  in 
Madison  County  (1806).  These  facts  were  obtained  from 
correspondence  with  his  son.  See  Draper  MSS.,  24C74,  84, 
92. — ED. 


1^4  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

Reed  from  Robt  Preston21  for  the  Use  of  the  Expe 
dition  the  Articles  following  Viz  one  Cask  of  Powder 
&  250^  of  Lead  Nine  sacks  of  Salt  &  twenty  nine 
Axes  also  two  baggs  Witness  my  hand  this  27111  Day 
of  August  1774 

W:  BUCHANAN22 


[James   Robertson  to  Col.   William  Preston.    3QQ88.] 

SIR — I  thought  to  been  at  your  House  friday  or 
Saturday  but  Cannot  be  there  untill  Sunday  night  or 
monday.  I  have  been  through  the  whole  Company 
and  meets  with  poor  Success  though  picked  up  Some. 
I  Gather  them  all  Together  Saturday  and  Pretends  to 
make  A  Draft  by  your  Orders  I  tell  them,  and  dont 
want  to  Concern  with  any  that  has  famylys,  but  Only 
these  Hulking  yonnge  dogs  that  Can  be  well  Spar'd. 
if  you  please  give  me  a  Line  or  two  to  Back  me  I 
would  be  Glad  you  would  desire  the  Oficers  in  Cap*. 
Cloyd's  and  Capt.  Taylers  Compy.  to  Stir  up  Some 
Backward  Scoundr[els]  in  their  Company s  to  turn 
Out  or  Else  force  them  for  no  Honour  nor  Intreateys 


21  Robert  Preston  was  a  distant  relative  of   Col.   William, 
and  became  first  surveyor  of  Washington  County,  which  office 
he  held  for  over  fifty  years.     He  left  a  large  patrimony  to  his 
son  John,  who  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Col.  William 
Preston. — ED. 

22  William  Buchanan  was  afterwards    (1776)    captain  of  a 
militia  company  from  Montgomery  County,  employed  in  rang- 
ranging  in  Kentucky.     A  tree  in  Warren  County,  of  the  latter 
state,  bore  his  name  with  the  inscription  "1775."     In  1778,  he 
was  at  Boonesborough,  being  one  of  the  nine  selected  to  treat 
with  the  Indians,  from  whom  they  had  a  narrow  escape.     He 
was  killed  in  Holder's  Defeat   (1782),  and  left  no  descend 
ants. — ED. 


RECRUITING 


175 


will  move  them.  I  Could  Stay  untill  the  midle  of  next 
week  and  Overtake  the  Army  before  they  go  to  the 
falls.  Perhaps  you  have  Seen  Some  what  of  Capt. 
Woods,  or  heard  what  number  he  has  to  Joyn  us 

I  am  Sir  Your  Obedt.  Servant 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

ist.  of  Sepbr.  1774 

To  Colo.  William  Preston     P*  Mr.  Thos.  Lewis 

N.  B.  I  have  had  more  uneaseyness  this  Eight 
days  Amongst  these  Deels  Buckeys  then  I  have  had 
this  three  years  there  is  some  precarious  Gent, 
amongst  us  who  makes  some  mutiny  amongst  the 
men  as  they  want  Compns. 


[Michael  Woods  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ88.] 

I  thought  to  have  Come  over  to  you  my  Selfe  to 
Reed.,  Such  order  as  you  Should  think  fit:  but  I  am 
Disappointed  in  gcting  a  horse :  therefore  I  thought 
it  was  proper  to  acquaint  you  that  I  have  got  about  14 
men  that  appears  to  be  willing  to  go  to  the  Shawanese 
towns ;  also  to  Let  you  know  that  there  is  some  that 
has  Engaged  with  me  some  time  agone  that  Refuses : 
besides  there  is  several  in  those  parts  that  has  little  or 
nothing  to  Keep  them  Excepting  hunting  and  Killing 
of  the  Dear:  therefore  Sir  I  hope  you  will  send  me 
orders  how  to  proceed  with  such  persons :  also  to 
Let  you  know  that  I  Expect  Mr.  Stephen  Inglish  up 
out  of  pitsylvenia  County  with  about  20  or  25  Men 
with  him  for  me  and  whether  I  am  disappointed  of 
them  or  not  I  am  will  [ing]  to  Join  Companies  with 


176  DUNMORE'S  WAR 


jor.  Robertson  as  I  do  not  Expect  to  make  up  a  full 
Company  my  self 

All  from  yr.  Servt.  at  Command 

MICHAEL  WOODS  23 
3  Sept.  i774 
To  Coln.  William  Preston  in  fincastle  County 


MARCHING  TO   THE   RENDEZVOUS 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William   Preston. 

HEAD  OF  RICH  CREEK,  Septr.  3 : 
SIR — Yesterday  I  reached  this  place,  which  is  about 
32  miles  from  Mr.  Thompsons  &  about  42  from  the 
levels.  I  am  greatly  detained  by  the  Cattle  as  they 
are  long  gathering  every  morning,  there  are  now 
about  200. 

I  have  lodged  at  Woods  Fort  between  7  and  eight 
hundred  pounds  of  Flour,  as  it  would  have  been 
more  than  a  days  journey  out  of  our  way  to -have  gone 
near  there.  I  have  ordered  four  of  the  men  in  pay  at 
Woods  fort  to  take  over  to  your  house  some  horses 
with  bad  Saddles  &  some  with  none,  as  I  heard  you 
proposed  that  they  should  be  better  fixed,  and  sent 
with  the  other  Men.  ^ 

I  have  desired  Capt  Wood  to  go  over  to  your  house 
this  day  to  see  what  he  is  to  do:  I  told  him  he  had 


23  Michael  Woods  was  one  of  the  first  emigrants  to  the  Val 
ley  of  Virginia,  coming  through  Wood's  Gap  and  settling  west 
of  the  Blue  Ridge  about  1734.  The  Captain  Woods  who  in 
dites  this  letter  was  probably  a  grandson  of  the  pioneer  set 
tler.— ED. 


ON  THE  MARCH 


177 


better  join  Majr.  Robertson;  which  he  inclines  to  do 
as  he  comes  along. 

I  think  it  will  be  next  tuesday  before  we  can  get  to 
the  rendezvous  this  day  is  rainey  &  I  doubt  we  can 
go  but  a  little  way ;  several  of  our  horses  are  not  found, 
altho  it  is  at  least  10  OClock  in  the  day.  The  Cattle 
cannot  travel  in  the  heat  of  the  day.  we  are  also  much 
plagued  with  the  pack  horses. 

I  will  inclose  you  a  return  of  the  Men,  which  is  the 
same  or  nearly  as  at  Mr  Thompsons,  none  have  de 
serted  since.  Jacob  Starn  &  Thomas  Robinson  from 
Capt.  Herberts,  and  Joseph  McCall  from  Capt 
Crockets,  I  did  not  know  of  the  last  until  the  day 
after  we  marched.  I  wish  you  would  Advertize  them 
as  Deserters 

Capt.  Thompsons  men  say  that  you  did  promise 
them  that  John  Read  should  neither  draw  pay  nor  act 
as  Ensign  in  Capt.  Campbells  Compy,  some  of  them 
say  you  told  them  so  in  the  house  after  what  passed 
out  of  doors,  which  they  can  make  oath  to.  I  mention 
this,  that  you  may  know  every  circumstance,  Mr. 
Read  still  says  he  thinks  he  can  make  himself  agree 
able. 

I  am  informed  that  Men  &  provisions  were  moving 
from  Stanton  Wednesday  and  thursday  was  a  week 
and  that  several  Compy s  were  at  the  Warm  Springs. 
It  is  also  said  Mathews  dont  propose  taking  out  all 
the  flour  at  once,  but  to  send  back  the  pack  horses  from 
the  mouth  of  Elk.  That  IA  Dunmore  wrote  to  Ch. 
Lewis  that  some  of  his  men  had  taken  some  little 
Towns  &  killed  three  or  [four]  people  &  that  his  Lord 
ship  was  at  fort  Pitt.  The  above  news  came  by  one 
12 


1 78  VUNM  ORE'S  WAR 

of  the  Woods's.  He  says  also  that  there  is  Jents 
plenty  and  all  goods  necessary  for  the  men  such  as 
Shirts  Blankets  Leggons. 

Stevens  is  just  come  and  says  that  Drake  came 
down  with  the  Men  &  that  you  had  prevailed  on  those 
of  D.  Smiths  Compy  to  Join  Capt.  Russell  but  says  he 
did  not  understand  anything  was  done  about  Capt. 
Campbells  men  as  he  thinks  the  men  insisted  Mr 
Campbell  had  no  right  to  them.  Capt  Campbell  says 
that  several  of  them  were  of  his  own  Compy  at  Hol- 
ston  &  even  some  of  them  turned  out  as  volunteers,  at 
Clinch  to  go  with  him,  which  he  is  sure  they  would 
have  done,  had  they  been  dealt  with  in  the  same  man 
ner  he  did  with  other  Companys,  &  he  still  thinks 
he  ought  to  have  them 

Capt.  Shelby  bids  me  also  mention  that  he  expects 
you  will  order  his  men  to  Join  him. 

Capt.  Shelby  and  Capt.  Campbell  both  desires  me  to 
write  to  you  that  as  they  have  both  been  at  great  trou 
ble  &c  that  they  hope  you  will  at  least  direct  that  all 
those  men  they  claim  &  have  a  right  to  may  be  Joined 
in  their  pay  rolls,  several  men  are  Sick,  Two  of  the 
Packmen  have  the  fever  &  ague  and  must  be  left  at 
Woods :  they  catched  it  I  suppose  at  the  big  lick 

Ma  jr.  Robertson,  if  he  has  no  Cattle  may  get  here 
easy  in  two  days  &  to  the  levels  in  two  more :  I  hope 
to  see  him  there  next  week.  I  could  wish  we  had  300 
men  before  we  march  from  there,  tis  reported  here 
that  the  first  party  Marches  next  tuesday,  but  no  cer 
tainty 

I  shall  write  you  at  large  from  the  levels  by  Allsup, 
I  take  him  there  on  purpose. 


THE  COMMISSARIAT 


179 


Capt  Herbert  wants  Jamey  Newell  to  Act  as  Ensign 
&  to  take  his  Chance  of  pay.  I  told  him  I  thought 
you  had  no  objections 

I  would  be  glad  of  a  Letter  from  you  by  Ma  jr.  Rob 
ertson  about  every  particular  step  you  would  have  me 
take. 

I  am  sir  with  respect  yr.  Servant 

WM.  CHRISTIAN 

Capt.  Crocket  &  Draper  sets  up  a  claim  to  the  two 
Manifields  &  Grayson  because  they  were  in  Madisons 
Compy.  where  Draper  lived  Since  I  wrote  the  Cap 
tains,  desire  me  to  write  that  they  dont  propose,  or  de 
sire  that  you  should  take  any  step  that  would  make 
the  men  run  away,  but  begs  that  you  will  give  me  di 
rections  what  to  do  in  it 

CoR  Wm   Preston  Smithfield 


PROVISIONING  THE  EXPEDITION 

[James  Robertson  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ9I.] 

SIR — I  am  this  minet  Return'd  from  Greasey  Creek 
after  a  parcel  of  Fellows  that  Engagd  with  Tomey 
Ingles 24  Some  time  Agoe  they  are  Every  one  of  them 


24  Thomas  Ingles,  son  of  William  and  Mary,  was  captured 
with  his  mother  (1755)  when  about  four  years  old.  His  par 
ents  did  not  succeed  in  recovering  him  from  the  Indians 
until  1768,  when  he  was  found  to  be  practically  a  young  In 
dian  in  his  habits  and  manner  of  living.  Sent  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Walker  of  Albemarle  County,  he  acquired  something  of  an 
education  during  the  next  three  or  four  years;  but  he  never 
became  entirely  accustomed  to  civilized  life.  During  his 


180  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

gone  to  ye  mountains  for  fear.  The  Orders  you  Sent 
me  I  will  put  in  Execution  with  the  Help  of  my  good 
Freind  Davey  Hughs.  I  apointed  a  muster  Yesterday 
and  Left  Some  of  the  Clevir  fellows  that  goes  with 
me  to  do  what  they  Could,  but  not  one  of  the  younge 
fellows  Apfared  that  Could  go  I  would  [have]  Sent 
you  3  or  4  Beaves  Yesterday  but  Could  not  find  them 
untill  to  day  I  will  send  them  to  morow  there  is  no 
word  yet  from  Madison  or  Kent  about  the  flower. 
Jacob  Lorton  told  me  that  Joe  Gray  had  200  Bushels 
of  Corn  he  would  fondly  spare  to  ye  Expedition  as  the 
mill  is  handy  to  it  you  might  perhaps  be  supplyd. 
there  is  Two  Cursed  Scoundrels  Old  Pate  and  his  son 
Jacob  has  Corn  Beef  and  Old  Bacon  Plenty  to  Spare 
and  will  by  no  means  Let  it  go  with  out  the  Ready 
Cash  I  would  fondly  furnish  them,  from  what  I  Ima 
gine  they  do  all  they  Can  to  Hurt  the  Expedition 
I  am  Dr.  Sir  your  Hbl.  Servant 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 
4<*  Septr  1774 

N,  B.  the  Bearer  is  in  want  of  A  gun  and  has  no 
Chance  of  Geting  One  I  wish  we  Could  fall  on  Some 
Method  to  furnish  him  Perhaps  you  Could  Spare  him 
one  J  R 

To  Col.  William  Preston  pr.    Favour  of  Mr.  David  Hughs 

winter  at  Point  Pleasant,  where  he  remained  in  garrison  after 
the  battle,  he  visited  his  Indian  friends  on  the  Scioto.  The 
following  year  he  married  and  settl-ed  at  various  places  in 
southwestern  Virginia,  where  in  1782  his  wife  was  captured 
and  his  home  burned  by  Indian  marauders.  Later  he  re 
moved  to  Tennessee,  thence  to  Mississippi,  where  he  finally 
died.  See  Hale,  Trans- Allegheny  Pioneers,  pp.  115-143.— ED. 


AT  CAMP  UNION  n8l 


THE  CAMP  AT  GREENBRIER 

[Col.  William  Fleming  to  his  wife.    2ZZi.] 

UNION  CAMP  on  the  LEVELS  G[REEN]  B[RiER]25  Septr.  4.  1774 

MY  DR.  NANCY. — I  have  by  Accident  met  with  an 
Opportunity  to  the  Court  house,  and  am  in  hopes  it 
will  reach  you.  I  reached  this  place  on  Monday  last 
having  delayed  a  day  or  two  on  purpose  to  fall  in  with 
some  provision  eschorts  tho  without  effect.  I  found 
Col  Charles  Lewis  here  from  Augusta  there  will  be 
Six  hundred  or  near  it  from  that  County.  Colo  Lewis 
came  here  the  first  Septr.  and  Companies  have  been 
coming  in  every  day,  since,  a  party  Marches  to  mor 
row  or  next  day,  to  fall  somewhere  on  New  River  near 
Kellys  place  I  imagine  it  will  be  the  Augusta  Volun- 
tiers.  when  1  shall  march  will  be  uncertain,  there  are 
some  Indian  Spies  attending  us,  and  now  and  then  fir 
ing  on  a  stragling  person  they  can  have  an  advantage 
over,  that  is  not  too  near  the  camp,  as  our  motions  will 
fully  imploy  them  I  think  the  Inhabitants  will  be  alto 
gether  safe  whilst  we  are  out,  and  would  not  have  you 
give  way  to  Apprehensions  of  dainger.  Col  Lewis 
informs  me  he  has  ordered  three  Men  to  Belmont,26 
if  they  behave  well,  with  Allen  &  the  other,  they  will 

25  The  place  was   designated  as   Camp   Union    because   the 
forces  from    the    different    counties  were    here    united.     The 
rendezvous  chosen   was  known  as  "The  Savannah"   or  "Big 
Levels  of  the  Greenbrier,"  where  an  early  settlement  had  been 
raided  by  Comstock    in    1763.     The    fort    at    this    place  was 
again   attacked   in    1778,    in   revenge    for   Cornstalk's   murder. 
The  town    of    Lewisburg    was    established    here    by    law  in 
1782.— ED. 

26  In  1768  Colonel  Fleming  removed  to  an  estate  in  Mont 
gomery   (then  Botetourt)   County,  which  he  named  Belmont, 
where  he  resided  the  remainder  of  his  life. — ED. 


DUNMORE'S  WAR 

be  sufficient  if  they  are  troublesome  Capt  Trigg  who  I 
understand  commands  the  Compy.  will  Chainge  them, 
should  you  be  Apprehensive  of  dainger,  or  dismiss 
them  alltogether  at  your  discretion,  there  has  bein 
no  damage  done  here  since  we  came  out,  but  one  man 
Slightly  wounded,  and  one  Shot  through  the  Jaw 
these  were  country  People  near  little  Forts  about  3 
miles  from  this,  there  are  not  above  two  parties  of 
Indians  of  three  or  four  in  each  party  on  these  fron- 
teers  so  that  you  must  give  no  Attention  to  any  Re 
ports  you  hear  that  may  Allarm  You.  I  am  thus  per- 
ticular  to  remove  any  uneasiness  you  might  be  under. 
I  have  been  in  good  health  since  I  left  home,  and  have 
met  with  nothing  that  gives  me  uneasiness,  but  the  Ab 
sence  of  my  horses.  I  imagine  they  have  made  home 
wards  from  this  place,  and  mention'd  it  that  should 
they  get  home  you  need  not  be  surprized,  or  if  they 
are  taken  up,  you  may  chance  to  hear  of  them,  and  get 
them.  I  have  inclos'd  a  description  of  them  as  I  ad 
vertized  them  in  a  Camp  advertizement.  I  have  noth 
ing  more  perticular  to  write  but  Sentiments  not  proper 
to  commit  to  paper,  you  know  my  warmest  wishes 
are  for  your  and  my  Lenny27  happiness.  I  shall  take 
Opportunities  as  they  offer  to  Acquaint  you  with  our 
Motions.  Remember  me  to  all  My  Friends.  And  be 
lieve  me  faithfully  Yours  whilst 

WM.  FLEMING 

P.  S.     I  expect  your  brother  here  this  week.28 
To  Mrs.  Fleming,  Belmont.  Recommended  to  the  care  of  Mr 
Patk  Lockheart  Mercht.  Botetourt 

27  Leonard   Israel   Fleming,   eldest  son  of  the  writer,  was 
born  in  June,  1764.     In  later  life  he  became  a  pioneer  of  Ken 
tucky. — ED 

28  Col.  William  Christian.— ED. 


AT  CAMP  UNION  183 

[Col.  William  Fleming  to  his  wife.    2ZZ2.] 

UNION  CAMP  Sepf.  7.  1774 

MY  DEAREST  NANCY — I  have  an  Opportunity  which 
I  gladly  embrace  to  let  you  hear  that  I  am  well,  I 
wrote  to  you  once  since  we  reach'd  this  Place,  which 
I  imagine  you  have  receiv'd  we  have  had  nothing 
happen'd  new  since.  Your  Brother  &  the  Companies 
from  Fincastle  reached  this  place  Yesterday  Mr. 
Jones  informd  me,  he  cal'd,  and  that  you  were  all  well 
&  that  you  were  in  good  Spirits,  this  gave  me  great 
satisfaction.  Trust  in  God  and  you  need  have  no 
fear.  I  wrote  you  that  my  horses  were  Missing  and 
that  I  imagined  they  were  gone  homewards.  I  have 
got  them  again  so  that  I  am  as  easy  as  a  person  can  be 
that  has  left  so  near  &  dear  conections  behind  him. 
but  consider  my  Dr.  Girl  the  Cause  engaged  in  is  a 
good  one,  and  Our  Seperation  only  for  a  small  time, 
but  I  must  stop  writing  on  this  subject.  You  surely 
know  my  reasons  for  it.  I  have  heard  of  Sympathiz 
ing  thoughts  posessing  the  breasts  of  two  Distant 
Lovers  if  there  is  anything  in  this  fond  Oppinion 
You  must  know  what  passes  in  my  heart  at  present 
and  not  accuse  this  letter  of  coldness,  more  I  need 
not  say,  nor  would  it  be  prudent  to  commit  more  to 
paper.  Colo.  Charles  Lewis  march'd  Yesterday  with 
Six  hundred  Men.  Colo.  A.  Lewis  and  myself 
Marches  on  Monday  Next,  with  four  or  five  hundred, 
&  your  Brother  in  a  few  days  after  with  two  or  three 
hundred  more.  My  Lord  Dunmore  is  near  Pitsburg 
by  this,  he  will  have  upwards  of  Seven  hundred  with 
him,  that  is  400  that  march'd  with  Maj.  McDonnald 


184  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

&  three  hundred  with  himself,  you  have  heard  that 
McDonnald  with  a  part  of  his  men  destroyed  an  Indian 
town  Wakatomakee.  &c:  Remember  me  to  Lenny 
tell  him  I  would  have  sent  him  his  horse,  but  I  think 
he  will  stand  the  Journy  bettar  than  any  I  can  get 
here,  however  if  I  can  get  two  I  will  send  both  him 
and  Eurus  in.  and  tell  my  boy  to  learn  his  book  & 
write  every  day,  that  I  may  see  what  a  fine  boy  he  is 
when  I  return  I  have  got  the  horses  Appraised  that 
if  he  should  be  lost  tell  him  he  will  get  Six  pounds  for 
him.  Remember  me  aifectionatly  to  Your  Mammy 
who  I  hope  is  still  with  you  and  to  Rosy,  Prissy  & 
Polly29  If  I  have  an  Opportunity  I  will  write  before 
we  march,  if  not  I  recommend  You  &  the  Family  to 
the  Protection  &  Guidance  of  Divine  Providence. 
And  I  hope  that  All  Sufficient  power  will  grant  us  a 
happy  meeting  again  in  a  little  time,  till  which  my 
Dr.  Nancy  I  remain  Your  Affectt  &  Faithfull. 

WM.  FILMING 

P.  S.  I  have  met  with  an  Opportunity  and  have 
sent  in  our  horses  by  Martin  McFerrin,30  and  a  Son  of 
Saml.  McRoberts,  who  will  deliver  them  to  Mr  Lock- 
heart. 

Wm.  F. 


29  Mrs.  Fleming's  nieces,  daughters  of  Col.  William  Chris 
tian.      Rose     later     married    Judge     Caleb     Wallace;     Mary 
(Polly),  Col.  Stephen  Trigg;  and  Priscilla  died  young. — ED. 

30  Martin    McFerran    was    later   (1788)   colleague    of    Col. 
William  Fleming  at  the  Virginia  convention  to  ratify  the  con 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  and  voted  against  the  adoption 
of  that  instrument. — ED. 


AT  CAMP  UNION  185 

[Col  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ92.]81 

CAMP  UNION  at  the  GREAT  LEVELS.  Septr.  7.  1774 
DEAR  SIR — I  reached  this  place  yesterday;  a  little 
after  Colo  Chas.  Lewis  marched  with  about  600 
Augusta  men.  His  business  is  to  proceed  as  far  as  the 
mouth  of  Elk  &  there  to  make  Canoes  to  take  down 
the  Flour.  He  took  with  him  $00  P[ack]  Horses  car 
rying  54,000  pounds  of  Flour  &  108  Beeves.  Colo. 
Andrew  Lewis  talks  that  himself  &  Colo.  Fleming  will 
march  next  monday  with  a  large  body  of  men  &  200  P 
Horses,  there  are  about  450  men  from  Botetourt. 
He  signifies  that  I  must  stay  and  bring  up  the  Rear 
some  days  after  him.  What  to  do  I  dont  know  when 
our  men  hears  they  are  to  stay  behind,  I  doubt  they 
will  be  much  dissatisfied.  I  intend  to  try  to  get  our 
men  all  to  be  together  which  I  find  they  earnestly  wish 
for.  Colo.  Field  marched  this  evening  with  about  35 
&  he  expects  100  more  will  be  here  to  morrow,  He 
proposes  joining  C.  Lewis  He  brought  orders  from 
Lord  Dunmore  to  Colo.  Lewis  requiring  him  to  be 
received  with  his  men. 

On  the  30th.  of  August  His  Lordship  was  on  his 
way  at  Cresops,32  about  80  miles  from  Winchester. 
He  will  have  about  700  men  with  him,  &  Colo  Fields 
thinks  will  be  at  Mouth  of  great  Kanhawa  some  days 
after  the  2Oth.  I  wish  we  may  get  [there]  soon 


31  Roosevelt  in  Winning  of  the  West,  i,  p.  223,  epitomizes 
this  letter,  which,  however,  he  had  only  from  a  copy.     The 
original  is  in  tl     Draper  MSS.,  and  the  date  is  September  7, 
not  9. — ED. 

32  The  home  of  Col.  Thomas  Cresap,  at  the  site  of  Oldtown, 
Maryland. — ED, 


1 86  JDUNM  ORE'S  WAR 

enough.  Colo.  Lewis  seems  to  think  the  number  of 
men  greatly  exceeds  his  expectations,  and  that  you 
may  as  well  or  had  better  let  but  about  100  more  men 
follow  me,  that  our  County  may  have  Compleat  or 
some  little  more  than  300  Rank  [&]  file,  And  that 
you  could  employ  Any  others  that  are  raised  to  protect 
your  Fronteers  I  think  it  was  last  Friday,  one  John 
McGuire  was  badly  wounded  by  a  party  of  Indians,  a 
day  or  two  after  another  man  was  wounded.  A  party 
of  Indians  was  discovered  in  the  Woods  on  Horseback, 
about  Sunday  but  had  their  blankets  over  their  heads 
&  deceived  our  men  or  the  foremost  man  who  first 
discovered  them  cried  "here  they  are  boys."  which 
alarmed  them  &  gave  them  time  to  slip  off  the  Horses 
and  run  away  without  being  fired  at.  They  were 
mounted  on  some  of  the  Pack  Horses  &  others  that 
grazed  near  the  Camp  but  tis  supposed  by  the  Signs 
that  they  had  not  discovered  the  Camp  when  they  shott 
at  McGuire,  but  tis  believed  they  did  since. 

Colo.  Fields  says  Majr  McDonald  with  400  men,  be 
ing  L,d.  Dunmores  advanced  party  below  Fort  Dun- 
more  were  boldly  attacked  by  about  30  Indians.  His 
men  were  marched  in  3  Columns,  himself  at  the  head 
of  the  middle  one,  which  was  attacked,  and  about  4 
men  killed  &  6  wounded.  He  ordered  they  right  & 
left  Columns  to  File  of  [f]  &  try  to  Surround  the 
Enemy  which  could  not  be  effected  but  they  killed  3  or 
four  Indians  &  took  one,  McDonald  afterwards 
marched  into  a  little  Town  and  found  his  mens  scalps 
hung  up  like  Colours  but  the  Town  evacuated.  Fields 
says  the  Shawnese  with  their  near  friends  can  meet  us 
with  about  1200  good  men  on  short  warning. 


AT  CAMP  UNION  187 

This  Camp  is  about  140  miles  from  the  Mouth  of 
Kanhawa  &  from  that  into  the  Town[s]  70,  in  all  210 
miles. 

I  cannot  think  of  any  particular  occurrence  respect 
ing  your  Men,  since  I  left  you  to  inform  you  of. 
Every  body  has  done  as  well  as  could  be  expected. 
And  tis  said  here  that  no  Troops  have  yet  appeared, 
equal  in  goodness  to  them.  And  if  I  may  add  none 
disciplined,  or  equal  to  them,  as  to  the  order  of  their 
march  &c.  Henry  Paullen33  "says,  he  bore  the  Crack 
till  we  come  but  now  he  gives  up"  So  much  for  that 
part. 

May  I  request  you  to  hurry  on  Ma  jr.  Robertson  & 
the  men  you  choose  to  send  after,  if  I  am  to  be  left 
behind,  pray  let  us  go  on  together,  &  try  to  overtake 
the  rest  at  mouth  of  Elk  or  at  the  Mouth  of  the  river. 
I  would  not  for  all  I  am  worth  be  behind  crossing  the 
Ohio,  and  that  we  should  miss  lending  our  Assistance. 
I  believe  from  my  heart  that  our  men  would  all  turn 
home  if  they  thought  they  could  not  be  with  the  fore 
most.  As  the  men  you  send  will  have  a  good  many 
Pack  Horses  &  but  little  Flour  I  hope  they  will  come 
quick.  It  may  be  70  miles  to  your  house,  &  from  the 
road  I  think  they  may  easily  march  in  here  the  fourth 
day.  Capt  Russell  marched  25  miles  one  day,  there 


38Capt  Henry  Pauling  led  a  company  of  Botetourt  troops, 
for  the  muster-roll  of  which,  see  post  In  1777  he  went  out 
with  Col.  Bowman  at  the  head  of  a  militia  company,  to  succor 
the  hard-pressed  settlers  of  Kentucky,  especially  those  at  St. 
Asaph's.  Later  he  settled  in  Kentucky,  was  a  member  from 
Lincoln  County  to  the  convention  ratifying  the  United  States 
Constitution.  Like  most  others  from  his  section,  he  was 
against  that  instrument.  The  next  year,  he  represented  the 
the  same  county  in  the  Virginia  assembly. — ED. 


188  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

is  no  bad  road  but  Rich  creek  &  Toms  Creek  moun 
tains. 

Jno  Taylor  Went  off  with  Ch.  Lewis  with  a  Brigade 
of  horses  he  was  well.  There  was  no  [Beeves]  left 
here  when  I  came  I  fear  beef  will  be  Scarce  tho  Me 
[MS.  torn]  he  expects  agrea  [MS.  torn]  soon. 
Matthews  is  to  have  brought  out  160000  weight  54 
is  gone  26  is  here  &  the  rest  on  the  way.  The  400 
horses  that  are  started,  will  return  as  fast  as  they  can. 
Tis  said  that  about  800  horses  are  employed.  I  ob 
served  a  letter  from  Matthews  directed  to  Messrs 
Ingles,  Simm[s],  Hamilton,  &  Hill  Companys  giving 
orders  what  to  do.  Ingles  goes  on  &  Barnes  is  to 
assist  him. 

I  hope  to  see  Mr.  Floyd  with  Majr.  Robertson  if 
Johney  has  no  Tent  there  is  room  in  mine.  He  need 
not  provide  one. 

I  will  inclose  you  a  return  &  am  Dear  Sir  Your  Most 
Humble  Servt. 

J/VM  CHRISTIAN 


'AT  CAMP  UNION 


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CHRISTIAN 
To  Col.  William  Preston,  Fincastle    By  Allsup 


190  DUNMORE'S  WAR 


THE  EXPEDITION   MARCHES 

[Col.  Andrew  Lewis  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ93-] 

CAMP  UNION  on  the  GREAT  LEVELS  Sept.  gth  1774 34 
DKAR  SIR — On  the  it.  day  [of]  this  month  I  reached 
this  place  where  was  the  most  of  ye  Augusta  Troops 
and  part  of  those  of  Botetourt.  Colo.  Christian  Joined 
us  tuesday  last,  from  Augusta  we  have  600.  of  this 
County  about  450  Ma  jr.  Field  is  joined  with  40  & 
has  about  100  more  on  ye  way,  by  Order  of  his  Lord 
ship,  &  should  yours  be  Augmented  to  300  we  shall  on 
ye  whole  have  1490.  some  of  which  that  are  least  fit 
for  service  I  purpose  leaveing  to  Gareson  ye  small 
Forts :  but  still  we  shall  have  a  much  Larger  Num 
ber  than  was  Expected,  &  consequently  must  have  an 
Equal  addition  of  Provitions,  which  is  ordered,  &  can 
be  Brough[t]  out,  &  carryed  from  this  Camp  by  ye 
Last  Marching  Party  to  ye  Mouth  of  Elk  where  it 
must  be  stored,  &  taken  down  by  water  as  we  shall 
have  ocation  for  it.  My  Brother  with  ye  Augusta 
Troops  &  Capt  Arbuckles  Compy  Marched  for  ye 
Mouth  of  Elk  on  Teusday.  &  I  propose  Marching 
with  Botetourt  &  one  Compy  of  the  Fincastle  Troops 
Next  monday.  It  is  with  pleasure  I  can  inform  you 
that  I  have  had  but  little  trouble  with  ye  Troops  to 
what  I  expected,  and  I  hop[e]  they  will  continue  to 
do  their  duty  with  the  same  cheerfulness.  I  received 
a  letter  from  his  Lordship  last  Sunday  Morning,  which 


34  Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West,  i,  p.  222,  note  2,  prints 
part  of  this  letter  from  a  copy.  We  follow  the  text  of  the 
original. — ED. 


AT  CAMP  UNION 

was  dated  ye  3oth  August,  at  old  Town,  which  I  take 
to  be  chrisops  He  then,  I  am  told,  had  Colo. 
Stephens36  &  Major  Connoly  at  his  elbow  as  might 
be  easily  discovered  by  ye  contents  of  his  Letter,  which 
expressed  his  Lordships  warmest  wishes,  that  I  would 
with  all  the  troops  from  this  quarter  Join  him  at  ye 
Mouth  of  the  Little  Kanaway  I  wrote  his  Lordship 
that  it  was  not  in  my  Power  to  alter  our  rout,  and  men- 


35  Gen.  Adam  Stephen  was  a  Scotchman  educated  as  a  phy 
sician  ;  he  early,  removed  to  Virginia  and  settled  in  the  lower 
valley.  In  1754  he  was  the  senior  captain  in  Col.  Joshua 
Fry's  regiment,  and  when  Washington  took  command  Stephen 
was  made  major.  He  was  with  Washington  at  Great 
Meadows,  and  the  next  year  was  severely  wounded  at  Brad- 
dock's  defeat;  recovering,  he  served  throughout  the  French 
and  Indian  War,  and  commanded  the  Virginia  regiment  raised 
in  Pontiac's  War  (1763).  The  following  year  he  was  magis 
trate  of  Frederick  County,  and  when  Berkeley  was  laid  off 
(1772)  was  made  high  sheriff  thereof.  In  Lord  Dunmore's 
War,  he  served  second  in  command  to  the  governor,  and  at 
Fort  Gower  made  a  speech  in  favor  of  the  colonial  cause. 
Stephen  was  an  ardent  Whig,  and  in  communication  with 
the  Virginia  leaders  of  the  Revolution.  A  member  of  the  con 
vention  of  1775,  the  next  year  he  was  made  brigadier-general 
of  troops,  serving  at  Princeton,  Trenton,  and  elsewhere  in 
New  Jersey.  Early  in  1777  he  was  promoted  to  a  major- 
generalship,  serving  with  honor  at  the  Brandywine.  But 
after  the  battle  of  Germantown,  he  was  cashiered  for  having 
been  intoxicated  upon  that  important  occasion.  He  retired  to 
his  home  at  Martinsburg,  Va.,  whence  he  was  several  times 
sent  to  the  Virginia  assembly  (1780-85).  In  1788,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  ratifying  convention,  and  made  sev 
eral  vigorous  speeches  in  favor  of  the  constitution,  attacking 
the  opposition,  especially  that  shown  by  Patrick  Henry.  See 
"History  of  Virginia  Federal  Convention"  in  Virginia  His 
torical  Collections,  new  series,  ix,  x.  Three  years  later 
(1791),  General  Stephen  died  at  an  advanced  age  at  his  home 
in  Martinsburg.  He  was  a  man  of  great  stature  and  power 
ful  strength,  much  feared  by  the  Indians,  although  beloved 
by  his  friends — see  letter  of  Fleming  to  Stephen,  post.  One 
of  his  daughters  was  the  wife  of  Alexander  Spottswood  Dan- 
dridge.  This  note  is  abbreviated  from  a  sketch  by  Dr.  Draper 
in  his  MSS.,  3D,  chap.  xvi. — ED. 


192  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

tioned  to  him  such  circumstances  as  I  thought  Neces 
sary  for  him  to  know.  I  wish  he  had  done  so  in  his 
letter  to  me.  If  more  troops  should  offer  their  service 
to  you  for  this  Expedition  then  [than]  would  make 
the  Number  you  have  sent  me  300  please  to  make  some 
other  use  of  them,  if  need  be.  the  Next  day  after  I 
came  to  this  place  ye  Indians  wounded  a  man  within 
2  miles  of  us  &  ye  Next  day  they  wounded  another, 
from  this  we  may  expect  they  will  be  picking  about 
us  all  ye  March.  Had  I  time  to  sit  I  might  think  of 
many  other  little  circumstances  to  inform  you  of  at 
present  I  can  only  tell  you,  what  you  I  hope,  will  at  all 
times  believe,  that  I  am 

Your  Most  affectionat  friend  &  very  Humble  Servt. 

[ANDREW  LEWIS.] 

P.  S.  Should  you  send  any  addition  to  your  Fin- 
castle  troops  Now  with  me  furnish  them  with  Powder 
we  shall  not  have  more  than  *4  lb  pr.  Man.  I  am  &c 

LEWIS 

On  His  Majestys  Service    To  Col°.  William  Preston    Fin- 
castle 


GTJABDING  THE  FBONTIEB 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ94-] 

ROYAL-OAK    Sept.  gth.    ^74 

Sir — Yesterday  Morning  early,  One  John  Henry 
was  dangerously  wounded;  upon  Clinch  about  four 
Miles  from  Capt.  Smiths  Station,  and  it  is  supposed 
his  Wife,  and  three  small  Children,  is  taken  Prison 
ers.  Henry  was  standing  in  his  door,  when  two 
Indians  fired  at  him,  his  Wife  and  Children  was  in 


GUARDING   THE   FRONTIER  193 

Bed ;  He  immediately  ran  to  the  Woods ;  and  shortly 
after,  accidently  met  with  Old  Jno.  Hamilton  who  con 
cealed  him  in  a  Thicket  until  he  should  go  and  alarm 
the  Fort,  and  bring  him  assistance36  Hamilton  had 
the  courage,  to  go  by  Henrys  House ;  but  seen  noth 
ing,  either  of  the  Indians,  or  the  Woman  and  Chil 
dren,  afterwards,  he  took  one  Bradshaws  on  his  way; 
who  just  before  he  came  was  alarmed  by  some  Indian 
Signs  in  his  Cornfield  Bradshaw  immediately  set 
out  for  the  Settlement,  thro  the  Woods  after  he 
came  about  3  Miles  past  the  place,  where  the  Mischief 
had  been  done,  in  the  morning,  he  came  upon  a  place 
where  about  12  or  15  Indians  had  Breakfasted  they 
leaving  behind  them,  some  of  their  Provisions.  After 
wards  he  followed  the  Tracts  a  small  distance,  and 
found  they  seemed  to  steer  their  Course  toward  this 
River.  He  then  made  the  best  of  his  way  towards  the 
settlement  in  the  Rich  Valley  which  he  alarmed  last 
Night  and  this  morning.  The  principal  part  of  which 
is  just  now  arrived  here  in  a  distressed  situation.  I 
have  sent  out  Orders,  to  this  and  the  two  next  Com- 
panys  on  Holston,  for  all  the  Men  that  has  Arms,  or 
any  ammunition  to  assemble  Tomorrow,  in  Order  to 
patroll  a  few  Days,  in  the  Rich  Valley,  and  some  of 
the  best  hands  to  go  over,  to  see  what  is  become  of 
Capt.  Smith;  as  he  is  very  weak  at  his  own  Station, 
having  only  8  Men  the  last  Acct. ;  and  notwithstand 
ing  repeated  Orders  and  requests,  there  has  not  yet 
gone  a  Man  out  of  Doacks  or  Herberts  Companys, 


36  John  Henry  had  settled  on  this  piece  of  land  in  the  pres 
ent  Tazewell  County,  the  preceding  May.  He  afterwards  died 
of  his  wounds.  See  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  808. — ED, 

13 


i94 


DUNM ORE'S  WAR 


to  join  him.  The  Forts  at  Glade-Hollow,  Elk-Garden 
and  Maiden  Spring,  has  their  compliments  compleat, 
and  it  was  Capt.  Smiths  Choice  to  have  his  own  Station 
at  Maxwells-Mill,37  the  last  to  be  compleated  as  there 
was  no  Familys,  in  the  Fort,  and  the  recruits  from 
New  River,  and  Reed-Creek,  was  alloted  for  that  Sta 
tion  Please  write  pressingly  to  Lieut.  Peirce  to  send 
out  the  15  Men  you  formerly  Ordered,  as  I  am  well 
informed  it  might  easily  be  done,  out  of  that  Company 
that  is  covered  by  so  thick  a  settlement  as  Reed-Creek, 
and  besides  there  is  few  if  any  Men  gone  on  the  Ex 
pedition  from  the  upper  settlements  on  New  River 
and  those  of  Elk  Creek. 

I  shall  be  glad  if  you  should  think  it  proper,  to  allow 
me  a  few  Men  at  this  place,  as  I  am  Obliged  frequently 
to  be  abroad,  to  provide  Provision  for  the  Men  on 
Duty  and  to  stir  up  others  for  the  Service,  besides 
my  House  is  now  a  Frontier  except  what  Forts  is  on 
Clinch. 

I  hope  you  will  now  think  it  expedient,  to  enlarge 
the  number  of  Men  on  Duty,  at  least  for  a  few  Weeks ; 
as  the  Head  of  Clinch  and  the  lower  settlement  on 
Holston  is  but  weakly-Guarded.  I  hope  the  Levies 
from  Bedford  and  Pittsylvania  is  arrived  at  New- 
River.  If  you  should  think  it  proper  for  a  Subaltern 
Command  to  join  Capt  Smith  as  I  am  afraid  the  men 


37  For  the  location  of  these  forts  (m  Russell  County,  Va.), 
see  Smith's  MS.  map.  His  own  fort  was  called  Fort  Chris 
tian;  that  at  Glade  Hollow,  twelve  miles  east  of  Russell's, 
was  garrisoned  by  fifteen  men,  under  John  Duncan ;  the  Elk 
Garden  fort,  six  miles  east  of  the  present  Lebanon,  had  fif 
teen  men  commanded  by  Serj.  John  Kinkead;  the  Maiden 
Spring  fort  had  five  men  under  Serj.  John  Crow.  See  Sum 
mers,  Southwest  Virginia,  p.  157. — ED. 


GUARDING   THE  FRONTIER  195 

out  of  Herberts  and  Doacks  Companys  may  not  be 
got.  The  want  of  Ammunition  is  still  a  general  cry, 
indeed  we  have  very  little,  as  the  Inhabitants  was  so 
incautious  to  shot  away  their  late  supply  to  save  their 
Crops. 

Flour  will  soon  be  wanted,  I  hope  Mr.  Buchanan 
is  on  his  way  out  by  this  time. 

Should  the  Enemy  be  so  strong  as  to  be  able  to  fol 
low  up  their  blow,  it  is  likely  they  will  be  met  with 
Tomorrow  as  I  expect  they  will  follow  up  the  peoples 
footing  that  is  fled.  And  I  have  directed  the  patrol- 
lers  to  march  by  three  different  routs  to  the  Rich  Val 
ley  and  Clinch. 

Please  favour  me  with  an  Answer  by  the  Bearer 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  Servt. 

[To  Colonel  Preston]  ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 


AT  CAMP  UNION 

[Capt.  Philip  Love  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQ95.] 

DEAR  COLL — If  I  had  time  I  would  Write  you  a  long 
Epistle  of  our  present  situation,  our  Intended  Move 
ments  &c.  but  the  Botetourt  Troops  Marches  in  a  few 
[h]ours  for  the  Mouth  of  Elk,  our  next  Post  from 
this  therefor  can  only  tell  you  that  I  am  satisfied  with 
the  Survey  made  for  me  on  the  Cantuck  by  Hencock 
Taylor  &  would  be  glad  to  have  my  Plot  Accordingly 
I  conclud  with  the  sinceare  wishes  for  your  healt[h] 
&  Safty  &  that  of  your  Family's  &  am  D[ear]  Coll. 
your  Affc  Servt. 

Big  Levels  I2«i  of  Sept  I774  PHIL. 


196  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi46.] 

CAMP  UNION  Septr.  12,  1774 

DEAR  SIR — Colo.  Lewis  has  just  marched  with  Colo. 
Fleming  &  the  Botetourt  Troops,  with  an  addition  of 
Capt.  Shelbey  &  Capt.  Russell's  Companies  from  Fin- 
castle  and  has  left  under  my  care  the  remaining  part 
of  the  Fincastle  men,  a  few  Culpepper,  Dunmore  & 
Augusta  men,  and  ordered  me  to  stay  for  the  return 
of  the  pack  horses  that  went  with  Ch :  Lewis  which  I 
shall  look  for  [a] long  this  day  week.  I  have  dis 
patched  Mr.  Posey38  towards  Stanton  to  hurry  out  all 
the  flour  possible  by  that  time,  and  Several  persons 
are  employed  in  gathering  Beeves.  There  is  gone  on 
about  72,ooowt  of  flour.  There  is  now  here  about  8 
thousand  130  horse  loads  to  be  here  to  Morrow  night. 
96  loads  at  the  warm  Springs  Which  I  have  to  Send 
back  for,  &  I  suppose  there  is  between  30  and  40,000 
weight  beyond  the  Springs.  I  purpose  to  march,  this 
day  week  with  all  that  can  be  had  or  day  or  two  after 

38  Thomas  Posey,  who  acted  as  commissary  in  this  cam 
paign,  was  born  (1750)  near  Potomac  River,  but  at  the  age 
of  nineteen  removed  to  Augusta  County.  He  had  a  long  and 
adventurous  career,  serving  on  the  Augusta  County  commit 
tee  of  safety  (1775),  as  captain  under  Matthews,  and  later 
under  Morgan  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  At  the  storming 
of  Stony  Point,  he  was  major  in  command,  and  aided  against 
Cornwallis  (1781).  A  few  years  later,  he  removed  to  Spot- 
sylvania  County,  where  he  served  as  county  lieutenant 
(1786-93).  He  held  high  rank  in  Wayne's  army  (1794),  and 
after  the  Indian  wars  removed  to  Kentucky  where  he  was 
in  the  state  senate,  acting  lieutenant-governor,  and  major 
general  of  militia  (1809).  About  1812,  he  removed  to  Louis 
iana,  and  was  appointed  to  the  United  States  army  for  a  briei 
term  (1812-13).  The  same  year  he  was  chosen  governor  oi 
Indiana  Territory ;  and  in  1816  was-  appointed  Indian  agent, 
whereupon  he  removed  to  Shawneetown,  111.,  where  he  died 
Mar.  19,  1818.— ED. 


AT  CAMP  UNION  197 

if  possible.  As  the  Colo,  proposes  building  Canoes, 
and  a  Fort  at  the  mouth  of  Elk,  and  a  Fort  at  the 
mouth  of  Kanhawa,  He  Says  I  need  not  be  under  any 
Apprehensions  but  that  I  will  get  down  in  time  to 
Cross  the  Ohio  with  him.  Sometimes  he  talked  of 
Setting  off  from  there  the  middle  of  October,  or  not 
much  Sooner.  He  seems  extremely  anxious  that  I 
Should  make  haste  with  the  provisions.  I  wish  Major 
Robertson  could  be  here  with  all  the  Fincastle  men  yet 
to  Come  on  Sunday  or  monday  Next,  and  that  he 
would  do  his  endeavour  to  get  Some  beeves,  on  the 
way  perhaps  he  could  raise  30.  Colo.  Lewis  when 
he  counted  up  the  Escort  I  am  to  Command  counted 
TOO  Men  to  come  and  mentioned  Majr.  Robertson  as 
a  proper  person  for  me  to  have  with  a  Company  to 
take  on  what  Provisions  I  could-  not  get  readay.  He 
seemed  unwilling  to  trust  any  of  the  low  landers.  But 
I  doubt  my  neighbour  will  hate  to  be  Left.  Colo  Field 
marched  with  about  40  men  a  few  days  ago,  about  80 
men  of  his  are  now  come  Colo.  Slaughter  from  Dun- 
more39  with  about  40  is  here:  he  Sent  80  with  the 


39  Col.  Francis  Slaughter  married  the  daughter  of  Robert 
Coleman,  and  removed  to  Kentucky  about  1785  and  settled  in 
Hardin  County.  Lawrence  and  George  Slaughter  were  both 
in  this  campaign,  in  the  company  of  their  father-in-law,  Col. 
John  Field.  Col.  George  Slaughter  raised  a  company  in  1776, 
and  joined  the  8th  Virginia  regiment  participating  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Brandywine  and  Germantown.  Returning  to  western 
Virginia,  he  joined  Shelby  in  his  Chickamauga  campaign  in 
1779,  and  late  in  the  same  year  started  with  re-inforcements 
for  George  Rogers  Clark  in  the  Illinois.  His  company  was 
obliged  to  winter  in  the  mountains,  arriving  at  Louisville  in 
June,  1780.  After  aiding  Clark  in  the  Piqua  campaign, 
Slaughter  returned  to  Virginia  and  in  1784  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  delegates.  Later  he  settled  in  Jefferson  County, 
Ky.,  removing  thence  to  Charlestown,  Ind.,  where  he  died 
June  17,  1818.— ED. 


198  DVNMORE'S  WAR 

Govr.  The  kettles  and  Tents  were  chiefly  distributed 
before  I  came  I  could  get  but  16  or  17  tin  battered 
kettles  for  all  Fincastle  &  but  few  Tents  But  I  am 


told  oxen  brigs        jfr  """""Cli      enough  for  Tents  will 

be  brought  with  the  Pack  horses  to  morrow  If  the 
major  is  not  marched  when  you  get  this  Intelligence 
I  really  think  we  ough[t]  to  send  over  that  whole 
Country  and  try  to  buy  beg  or  borrow  kettles  for  to 
do  withougt  is  very  hard  almost  [im] possible  It  will 
presently  make  men  sick  to  live  on  Roasted  meat  with 
out  broath.  Some  Scouts  returned  from  Gawley 
about  fifty  odd  miles  from  here  Saturday  evening  & 
reported  that  they  saw  5  Indians  on  tuesday  morning 
with  horses  going  away  &  on  friday  morning  they  saw 
three  comming  in  I  have  been  afraid  all  this  day  that 
Somebody  would  be  killed  in  the  naighbourhood  as 
poeple  travels  about  very  Car[l]essly  Tho  it  may 
be  they  ere  [are]  come  to  watch  the  motions  of  the 
army  only. 

I  really  think  theare  is  great  need  of  your  keeping 
out  a  considerable  body  of  men  on  the  Frontiers  of 
Fincastle  least  Several  partys  of  Indians  should  be 
set  out  before  they  heard  of  our  Troops  nor  do  I 
think  that  the  number  should  be  reducd  on  the  Fron 
tiers  untill  you  hear  of  the  Armys  being  at  or  near 
the  Mouth  of  the  N[ew]  River  Lestwichs  Company 
is  diseried  [distributed]  thro  this  part  of  the  Country 
as  well  as  [a]  number  of  men  who  appeared  unfit  for 
the  Journey,  at  Jamey  Buchanans  desir  I'  have  let 
him  go  in  He  talks  of  returning  soon  if  he  is  well 
But  his  helth  semes  bad  &  his  [constitution]  week  so 
that  I  hardly  think  him  equ[a]l  to  the  Task  if  so  he 


LATE  RECRUITS  199 

had  beter  stay  at  home  Billey  is  hardey  nothing  will 
hurt  him  but  Billy  Johney  is  gone  out  but  I  doubt  is 
a  bad  boy.  He  is  with  Capt.  Love  who  is  extremely 
kind  to  him  &  treat  [s]  him  friendly  Jamey  behaves 
well  &  will  be  advised.  Colo.  Lewis  wont  suffer  any 
changes  with  Companies  Several  application  have 
been  made  to  get  into  our  Companies.  There  is  but 
Little  alteration  in  our  returns  Since  I  sent  you  one 
only  my  Leaving  out  the  Sick  Left  on  the  way  whom 
I  suppose  you  will  station  at  the  forts  There  is  such 
a  Number  of  our  men  driving  horses  and  Cattle  & 
gone  to  work  at  Canoes  that  I  have  but  about  a  few 
more  than  100  for  duty  here.  I  wish  you  may  think 
fit  to  send  about  100  rank  &  file  men  if  they  Can  be 
got  with  convenience.  It  was  Said  in  Camp  that  there 
would  be  no  danger  of  the  frontiers  when  we  Started 
but  the  officers  &  I  believe  men  all  confides  in  you  that 
you  will  not  Leave  the  people  unguarded.  If  I  think 
of  any  thing  more  to  write  you  before  Jamey  starts  I 
will,  on  my  marching  from  here  I  will  le[t]  you 
[k]now  all  the  nuse. 

In  the  mean  time  I  am  Sir  Your  Obliged  Sarvant 

WlLUAM  CHRISTIAN40 


LATE  RECRUITS 

[Maj.  James  Robertson  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQg6.] 

RICH  CREEK  15th  Septbr.  1774 

SIR — we  are  Stop'd  a  day  to  Get  what  Beeves  and 
Catties  We  Can  Pick  up.     Capt.  woods  and  his  Party 

40  This  letter  is  not  an  original,  having  been  copied  for  Col 
onel  Preston  by  an  unknown  hand. — ED. 


200  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

is  Joynd  me  Which  makes  our  number  of  the  Whole 
55  the  Soldiers  I  had  at  Mr.  Woods  Desird  Dis 
charges  from  me  which  I  have  given  them,  though 
they  are  willing  to  Inlist  again,  if  you  See  Cause. 

I  have  sent  you  an  Acct.  of  their  time  Likewise  find 
ing  their  Provisions  for  the  time. 

Mitchel  Clay  51  days  on  Duty  found  his  own   Provisions 
Zekil  Clay       51  Days  found  his  Provisions 

David  Clay     51  Days  found  DO 

Richd.  Blankenship  44  Days  DO 

N.  B.  The  above  I  give  a  Certifycate  for  their  Pro 
visions  and  Entered  in  the  Accts.  I  left  with  you  untill 
the  1 7th  August,  not  Including  that  day 

James  Will[ia]ms       51  Days    Diets  &  DO  [Provisions] 

Samuel  Campbell        51  Days    Diets       DO 

Joshua  Inglis  51  Days    Diets       DO 

Andrew  Woods          51  Days    Diets       DO  Express  6  Days 

Francis  Farlen  25  Days    Diets       DO 

Henry  Atkins  as  Express  four  Days 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

P.  S.  I  must  be  for  Ever  Obliged  to  all  my  good 
freinds  for  assisting  me  in  Geting  my  Compy  made 
up  as  I  thought  it  was  meerely  Impossible  to  do  it  in 
the  time  and  I  am  sure  there  is  not  Such  an  Other 
Compy  for  the  Quaintyty  of  men  belonging  to  the 
Whole  Dr.  Sir  I  wish  you  Every  thing  that  Would 
make  you  Happy. 

I  am  your  Obdt.  Servant 

JAMES  ROBERTSON 

To  Col.  William  Preston 


THE  COMMISSARIAT  201 


[Michael  Woods  and  James  Robertson  to  Col.  William  Pres 
ton.    3QQ97-] 

SIR  —  I  Draughted  Philip  Cavanough  John  farley 
Richard  Blankingship  John  [HJumphres  francis  far- 
ley  &  george  pack  who  all  Refused;  and  I  under 
stand  there  is  some  of  them  going  over  to  you  to  try 
and  get  off  But  Major  Robertson  &  I  has  Con 
sulted  and  we  desire  that  you  may  not  Countenance 
any  of  them;  and  we  Expect  to  get  them  and  some 
more  and  if  they  go  I  shall  have  2  [MS.  torn]  besides 
myself  which  is  all  from  yr.  Servt.  &  wellwisher 

MICHAEL,  WOODS 

RICH  CREEK  16^  Sept. 


To  Corn1.  William  Preston  in  fincastle  County  on  his  Majes 
ties  Service 

N  B  Prhaps  Cavender  &  John  Farlen  will  aply  to 
you  for  Certyfycates  for  the  time  they  were  Scouts 
but  I  have  told  them  that  [their]  money  is  stop'd  ta 
pay  their  fine  should  they  not  go  with  us. 

I  am  yr.  Serv. 

JAS.  ROBERTSON 

We  are  Just  starting  for  the  Levels.    J.  R. 


PROVISIONING  DTTNMORE'S  ARMY 

[Dorsey  Pentecost  to  Capt.  William  Harrod.    4NNi3.] 

i6th.  September  1774 

DR.  BILL — The  bearer  Mr.  McCarmick  will  commune 
with  you,  who  is  to  come  up  to  assist  you  in  Gathering- 
up  the  Cattle,  he  [is]  appointed  by  the  Governour 


DUNMORE'S  WAR 

under  me  to  go  Down  the  River,  and  therefore  hath 
full  authority  to  do  anything  that  may  be  wanting  as 
well  as  if  I  was  there  my  self,  you  must  (whether 
you  will  or  no)  Excuse  my  not  Coming  myself  as  I 
am  under  such  orders  from  my  Lord  that  I  cannot 
come,  do  for  the  best  &  be  ExpecTious.  Capt.  Kincaid 
is  to  Rec[eiv]e  them. 

I  am  yr.  Qbd. 

DORSSY  PENTCOST 

Mr.  Me  Carmick  will  inform  you  of  my  Situation 
&  the  News.  Pray  Dr.  Bill  do  Everything  in  your 
Power  &  if  any  aces,  that  require  my  Settling  before 
you  go  Down  send  them  to  me  and  I  will  do  Every 
thing  for  you  in  my  Power.  I  am  ordered  not  to 
Leave  this  Post  or  I  would  have  come  my  Self  and 
therefore  you  know  it  is  out  of  my  Power 
I,  as  before 

D.  PSNTCOST 

On  his  Majestys   Service    To  Cap*.   William  Harrod  Ten 
Mile  Creek*1 


RENEWED  ATTACKS  ON  THE  FRONTIER 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell   to  Col.   William  Preston.    3QQQ8.] 

ROYAL-OAK  Sept.  j^t 


SIR  —  The  same  day  Jno.  Henry  was  wounded  on 
Clinch  There  was  one  Samuel  Lemmey  taken  Prisoner 
on  the  North  fork  of  Holstein,  about  a  Mile  from  the 


41  Pentecost,  being  detained  at  Fort  Pitt,  assigns  the  task 
of  collecting  provisions  to  Harrod,  who  is  at  his  home  in 
western  Pennsylvania.  Ten  Mile  Creek  is  an  affluent  of  the 
Monongahela. — ED. 


RENEWED  ATTACKS  203 

upper  End  of  Campbells  Choice  (now  called  the  Clay- 
Lick)  and  John  &  Archibald  Buchanans  Familys  nar 
rowly  escaped. 

Tuesday  I3th  three  Indians  attacked  one  of  Capt. 
Smiths  Soldiers  about  half-Mile  from  the  Maiden- 
Spring  Station  he  is  tho't  to  have  killed  one  of 
them;  and  escaped  himself  without  being  hurt:  a 
party  of  our  people  happened  to  be  within  300  Yards 
when  the  Guns  fired;  they  soon  were  at  the  place 
of  action,  and  give  the  remaining  two  Indians  a  good 
Chase  the  wounded  fellow,  found  means  to  get  into 
a  large  Cave  or  Pit  within  70  or  80  Yds.  of  the  place 
he  was  shot ;  in  which  it  is  supposed  he  is  Dead,  as  he 
fell  when  he  was  shot,  and  Bled  a  good  deal ;  I  have 
one  [of]  the  plugs  now  in  my  House  that  burst  out 
of  his  wound  a  few  steps  from  the  Tree  he  stood  be 
hind  when  he  received  the  Shot.  The  Pit  is  to  be 
search'd  by  means  of  leting  a  Man  down  in  it  by  ropes 
with  lights  as  our  Men  is  anxious  to  get  his  Scalp. 

The  same  Evening  of  ye.  i3th.  Capt.  Smiths  Scouts 
discovered  the  tracts  of  a  party  of  the  Enemy  going 
off  with  Horses  and  it  is  supposed  the  prisoners,  he 
immediately  set  out  with  a  party  of  21  Men,  in  pursuit 
of  them,  which  I  am  perswaded  he  will  follow  a  con 
siderable  way,  or  else  overtake  them.42  I  have  made 
strict  enquiry  into  the  Conduct  of  the  Spys  and  find, 
it  was  not  their  fault,  the  leting  the  Enemy  in  undis 
covered.  The  different  passes  they  were  ordered  to 
watch,  lay  at  such  a  distance,  that  it  took  several  days 


42  Colonel  Preston  reports  these  occurrences  in  a  letter  pub 
lished  in  Amer.  Archives,  i,  p.  808,  in  which  he  states  that 
Captain  Smith's  party  was  unable  to  overtake  the  Indians, 
who  had  stolen  horses  upon  which  to  ride  away. — ED. 


204 


DUNMORE'S  WAR 


before  the[y]  could  go,  to  each,  when  they  came  to 
Sandy  River  the[y]  found  the  Enemys  footing;  and 
immediately  ran  to  the  station,  but  as  they  were  30 
Miles  off  and  the  Enemy  had  2  or  3  Days  start  the 
damage  was  done  before  they  got  in  to  give  the  Alarm. 
I  am  much  obliged  to  the  most  of  the  Militia  that  was 
called  upon,  on  this  occasion,  as  they  shewed  great 
willingness  both  to  go  out,  and  do  what  service  [lay] 
in  their  power 

The  Principal  part  of  the  party  now  in  pursuit  of 
the  Enemy  under  Capt.  Smith  is  of  those  that  I  sent  out 
as  I  mentioned  in  my  last  Letter.     There  is  a  few  ob 
stinate  Wretches,  that  selfishly  refuses  Duty,  when  in 
their  power,  to  perform  it;     Please  give  Orders  what 
course  is  to  be  taken  with  such,  for  if  they  go  unpun 
ished  it  will  set  a  bad  example  to  others.     Also  one 
of  the  party,  that  went  out  on  this  occasion;  behaved 
but  indifferently;     They  proceeded  to  the  place  the 
Man  was  wounded  at,  made  some  small  search  there, 
from  when[ce]   the[y]   went  to  Capt.  Smith  Station 
and  drew  three  days  provision,  on  pretence,  they  in 
tended  to  search  the  Country  round  for  the  Enemys 
footing;     but  instead   of   doing   so;   the[y]    precipi 
tately  returned  home;  altho,  on  their  way  back,  they 
were  informed  of  fresh  Signs  of  the  Indians  and  was 
requested  to  go  in  search  of  them ;  which  they  refused. 
I  should  think  less  of  this  Piece  of  ill-Conduct,  had  it 
not  been  for  the  deception  about  the  Provision ;  as  it 
was  some  Bacon  that  was  kept  in  reserve,  for  to  carry 
out  in  case  of  a  pursuit  and  for  the  use  of  the  Spys, 
and  besides  Meat  is  but  scarce  on  Clinch.     Your  late 
instructions  will  enable  me  to  satisfy  every  reasonable 


CHRISTIAN'S  MEN  205 

request  of  the  Inhabitants;  and  if  we  had  Powder;  I 
hope  in  the  Almighty  we  shall  be  able  to  give  a  good 
account  of  the  Enemy,  if  the[y]  trouble  us  with  any 
more  Visits. 

I  shall  take  it  as  a  favour  if  you  will  let  me  know 
the  News  from  the  Army  as  often  as  you  receive  In 
telligence. 

Herberts  Men  is  not  yet  come:  12  is  gone  out  of 
Doacks  Company  and  I  believe  two  more  will  be  along 
in  a  few  Days  the  fifteenth  Man,  I  am  informed,  is 
an  obstinate  Gent,  that  despises  Authority.  I  have  not 
yet  seen  Capt.  Wilson,  But  I  expect  he  will  dispose  his 
Men  in  the  best  Manner  he  can  on  Reed-Creek  and  in 
the  Rich-Valley  in  Order  to  protect  the  Inhabitants 
and  encourage  them  to  stay  at  home,  to  save  their 
Crops. 

Capt.  Floyd  was  to  have  some  Plots  made  out  be 
fore  he  went  away,  for  Col.  Byrd,  Capt.  Harrison  and 
myself  I  hope  he  has  not  forgot  to  inform  you  about 
them. 

I  am  Sir  With  great  Respect  your  Obedient  Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 


COLONEL  CHRISTIAN'S  DIVISION 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Mrs.  William  Fleming.    2ZZio.] 

CAMP  UNION  Sept.  18.  1774 

DEAR  SISTER — I  am  just  sending  over  to  Botfetourt] 
Ct.  house  for  some  powder,  and  take  the  oppy  to  tell 
you  that  I  am  well  &  intends  marching  from  here 
the  25  Instant  or  26.  Mr  Fleming  went  from  here 
Monday  the  I2th.  he  was  well.  I  dont  expect  to  be 


200  DUNM ORE'S  WAR 

at  Ohio  before  10  or  12  October,  as  I  have  a  large 
convoy  of  Provisions  &  about  400  men.  Tho  I  expect 
to  be  there  in  time  to  cross  over  with  the  advanced 
partys. 

Yesterday  week  about  30  miles  from  here,  an  Indian 
killed  a  white  man  of  the  advanced  party  and  another 
white  man  killed  the  Indian,  they  were  spys  I  suppose, 
I  dont  look  for  any  more  partys  coming  in. 

I  dont  know  whether  my  Father  &  mother  are  with 
you  yet  or  at  New  river,  &  so  cant  write.  But  if  they 
are  with  you,  say  all  I  could  say.  I  shall  write  my 
dear  parents,  before  I  leave  this,  when  I  am  ready  to 
set  of.  I  do  expect  to  settle  in  Botetourt  somewhere 
that  will  suit  them  &  me,  &  not  over  New  river  again. 
I  doubt  not  of  being  back  in  time  to  have  all  fixed  be 
fore  winter. 

The  messenger  is  waiting  &  I  will  conclude,  Dear 
sister,  Yours  affectionately 

WM  CHRISTIAN 

Write  Mrs  Christian43  if  possible. 


[Capt  John  Floyd  to  Col.  William  Preston.    33842,  43.] 

Sept.  jgth  1774 


DR  SIR— 

******** 
I    am   in    hopes    we   shall   make   out   pretty   well 


43  Mrs.  William  Christian  was  Anne,  sister  of  Patrick 
Henry.  After  her  husband's  death  in  Kentucky  at  the  hands 
of  Indians  (1786),  she  fell  into  a  decline,  returned  to  Vir 
ginia  with  her  children,  spent  a  winter  in  the  West  Indies  for 
the  sake  of  her  health,  and  died  the  day  after  she  landed  at 
Norfolk  (1787).  The  foregoing  is  from  information  given 
to  Dr.  Draper  in  1843  by  Mrs.  Eliza  Ramsey,  daughter  of 
William  Fleming.  See  Draper  MSS.,  8ZZ4. — ED. 


CHRISTIAN'S  MEN  207 


about  kettles  we  are  also  allowed  60  yards  of 
tent  cloth  for  a  company.  You  may  depend  upon 
my  using  my  endeavors  to  have  your  stiller  fetched 
home  this  winter.  I  shall  take  your  advice  about 
returning  home  this  fall,  if  the  season  is  too  far 
advanced  for  me  to  return  by  the  way  of  Kentucky,  & 
finish  my  business  this  winter,  which  I  shall  be  a  better 
judge  of  when  the  expedition  is  over.  I  think  it  seems 
to  go  on  slowly.  There  are  three  of  the  Me  Afees44 
&  Saml  Adams  joined  my  company  since  I  came  here; 
there  were  some  Bottetourt  men  not  allowed  by  Col. 
Lewis  to  join  the  Fincastle  captains,  but  Col.  Chris 
tian  says  I  shall  not  lose  these.  The  affair  with  Capt. 
Campbell  is  not  yet  settled  about  the  men;  it  is  to  lie 
over  until  we  return,  &  be  settled  then  the  men  go  in 


44  There  were  five  McAfee  brothers,  who  lived  with  their 
families  on  Sinking  Creek,  Botetourt  County — James,  Rob 
ert,  George,  William,  and  Samuel.  The  first  three  of  these, 
with  James  McConn,  Jr.,  and  Samuel  Adams  (then  a  youth 
of  eighteen  years  of  age),  explored  Kentucky  in  1773,  together 
with  Colonel  Bullitt  and  Hancock  Taylor.  After  exploring 
the  interior  of  the  country  and  making  several  locations,  they 
returned  home  by  way  of  Powell's  Valley  and  Clinch  River, 
having  endured  many  hardships,  and  at  one  time  nearly  per 
ishing  of  starvation.  The  same  party,  re-inforced  by  the 
other  brothers  and  several  neighbors,  sought  Kentucky  again 
in  1775.  Two  of  them  joined  Henderson's  Transylvania 
party ;  but  after  the  failure  of  that  company  returned  to  Vir 
ginia,  whence  the  final  emigration,  with  all  the  families,  was 
made  in  1779.  McAfee's  Station  was  on  Salt  River,  in  Mer 
cer  County,  about  six  miles  below  Harrodsburg;  in  1781  it 
vigorously  sustained  an  Indian  attack,  the  assailants  being 
driven  off.  William  McAfee  was  killed  on  Clark's  Piqua 
campaign  of  1780;  George  died  on  his  farm  on  Salt  River, 
1803 ;  Samuel  in  1801 ;  James  in  1814.  Robert  went  to  New 
Orleans  with  a  cargo  of  produce  in  1795,  and  was  there  killed 
by  a  Spaniard,  who  attempted  to  rob  him.  The  McAfee  MSS. 
are  in  the  possession  of  Col.  Reuben  Durrett  of  Louisville, 
Ky. ;  copies  thereof  are  found  in  the  Draper  MSS.,  I4CC— ED. 


20&  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

my  company;  it  has  been  fairly  stated  before  Col. 
Christian;  he  seems  to  think  I  ought  to  lose  three  if 
not  four. 

******** 

If  I  come  that  way,  Col.  Christian  thinks  I  had  as 
well  take  with  me  the  captain's  commission  you  gave 
me  last  spring,  it  is  in  my  field  book  which  I  had  on 
Kentuck.  if  the  messenger  returns,  pray  send  it. 

[JOHN  FLOYD] 

To  Col.  WHI  Preston 


FORAYS  AGAINST  THE  BORDER 

[Circular  letter  of  William  Cocke.    3QQi03.] 

GENT. — As  a  friend  to  my  Country  and  being  in- 
formd  the  melencholy  news  of  John  Robertses  Family 
Being  taken45  think  it  my  Indespensable  duty  to  do 
Every  thing  in  my  Power  to  promote  the  Honour  & 
Safety  of  this  Fronteer  I  would  therefore  advise  & 
Request  you  to  Erect  a  fort  at  Some  Suitable  place 
as  near  the  line  as  Possable  not  to  Give  the  Indians  one 
foot  of  Ground  for  by  Flying  we  not  only  make  them 
Sensable  of  Our  incapasity  to  Receave  them  but  Give 
up  our  property  for  their  Surport.  I  have  Rote  to  my 


45  The  family  of  John  Roberts,  living  on  Reedy  Creek,  an 
affluent  of  the  North  Fork  of  Holston,  in  the  present  Sullivan 
County,  Tenn.  Quite  remote  from  the  scene  of  any  former 
outrages,  they  had  not  sought  the  shelter  of  the  forts,  deem 
ing  themselves  safe.  Roberts,  his  wife,  and  several  children 
were  killed ;  the  eldest  child  James,  a  lad  of  ten  years  of  age, 
being  carried  into  captivity.  One  of  the  children  lived  some 
days  after  being  tomahawked  and  scalped.  See  post;  also 
Amer.  Archives,  i,  p.  808;  Amer.  Pioneer,  i,  pp.  14,  208. — ED. 


BORDER  FORAYS  209 

Sergent  to  take  what  men  is  in  my  Company  Out  for 
your  Amedeate  protection  and  shall  Go  amedeately 
my  Self  to  Carrolinia  and  Raise  what  men  I  can  there 
to  Join  his  forces  with  out  any  further  Delay  which 
Conduct  I  hope  will  be  aprovd  of  By  the  Gent  that 
is  at  the  Helm  of  affairs  or  wheather  they  Should 
or  not  I  Can  assure  you  that  my  Life  and  little  all  is 
always  Ready  to  Be  Risked  in  your  Defence.  There 
fore  shall  pursue  Every  meathod  that  I  think  may  be 
for  your  Safety  and  that  God  of  his  Infinate  mercy 
may  Keep  you  all  from  the  hands  of  those  Barberous 
Savages  is  the  Sincear  wish  of  Gent  your  Friend  & 
m.  obt 

WM  COCKS 

25*11  September  1774. 

To  Inhabitants  on  the  Fronteer  of  Holson 


[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi04. 
MS.  torn  along  the  edge.] 

Monday  Morning  5  OClock  [Sept.  26] 
DEAR  SIR — Last  Night  about  Midnight  I  Received 
Letters  from  Clinch  and  the  lower  settlement  on  Hol- 
ston  giving  me  an  account  of  the  distressed  situation 
of  those  places,  on  Account  of  the  expected  approach 
of  a  large  [body]  of  this  Enemy. 

Friday  the  23d.  Two  Negros  was  Captured  from 
[Moore's]46  and  a  considerable  number  of  Cattle  and 


46  This  was  the  fort  of  which  Daniel  Boone  was  in  charge. 
The  Indians  made  the  captured  negroes  run  the  gauntlet  in 
front  of  the  fort,  whose  garrison  was  too  weak  to  sally  to 
their  assistance. — ED. 
14 


210  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

Horses  [stolen]  The  24th.  in  the  Evening  a  Family 
was  killed  and  [scalped  on]  Reedy-Creek  near  Kings- 
Mill47 

Yesterday  morning  about  Sunrise  there  was  [shout 
ing]  and  firing  heard  at  several  Houses.  The  d[am- 
age]  done  was  not  known  when  the  Express  cam[e 
away.] 

From  several  concurring  circumstances;  thfis  at 
tack]  is  made  by  the  Cherokee  parties  mentioned  in 
[Shoats]  and  Taylers  depositions48  so  that  there  is  now 
but  little  probability  of  avoiding  an  open  rupture  with 
them  Which  if  the  case,  you  know  what  measures 
will  be  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  this  Country 
The  want  of  Ammunition  is  truly  disheartning  at  this 
crisis.  The  people  was  gathering  together  at  [Kings 
Fort  ?]  in  Order  to  make  a  stand;  I  have  Ordered 
Co  [eke]  to  go  down  with  what  Men  he  can  raise.  I 
intend  also  to  send  for  part  of  Capt.  Wilsons  [men  to 
go  with]  him.  I  hope  you  will  judge  it  proper  to  send 
[an  express  to]  the  Army  to  hurry  the  return  of  the 
Men  [from  this]  County  especially  the  Capts.  Russell, 
Shelby  and  [MS.  torn]  whos  Familys  is  in  distress. 

It  was  very  unfortunate  that  Capt  Thompson  had 
[left]  Blackmores  only  two  Days  before  the  damage 


47  This  was  the  Roberts  family,  see  ante.— ED. 

48  Archibald  Taylor,  and  a  settler  named  Shoat,  who  had 
been  trading  with  the  Cherokee  returned  to  Holston  a  few 
days  before  this,  and  notified  Capt.  William  Cocke  that  two 
war-parties  of  this  tribe  had  left  their  villages,  whether  to  go 
to  the  aid  of  the  Shawnee  or  to  attack  the  settlements  was 
not  known.     Cocke  had  sent  their  depositions  to  Major  Camp 
bell    (Draper  MSS.,  3QQ99,  102),  who  had  forwarded  them 
to  Colonel  Preston.     The  marauders  on  Reedy  Creek  did  not 
prove  to  be  Cherokee,  but  a  Shawnee  and  Mingo  party  under 
the  leadership  of  Logan. — ED. 


BORDER  FORAYS  211 

was  done  as  he  had  his  full  compliment  of  men: 
When  the  [enemy]  came  there  was  only  12,  and  some 
of  them  indifferent  Flour  is  wanted  badly  at  Black- 
mores  and  the  hea[d  of  Clinch?] 

I  am  respectfully  Yours 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEXL 

On  his  Majestys  Service    To  Colo.  William  Preston 


[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William   Preston. 
MS.  torn  along  edge.] 

D£AR  SIR — I  have  just  thot  since  I  closed  my  Letter, 
that  Lead  is  like  to  be  a  scarce  article  also. 

I  imagine  if  you  were  to  write  Charles  Divereaux 
and  Evan  Williams;  they  would  set  to  Work;  and 
make  a  sufficient  supply  for  this  Country,  consider  if 
they  [were]  to  get  some  asistance  from  the  Country 
if  it  would  not  be  cheaper  than  sending  to  Warwic. 
I  have  authority  to  give  them  liberty  from  Colonel 
Byrd  on  reasonable  terms. 

I  am  Sir  Your  Humble  [servant] 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEMI 

Sept.  26  1774 

To  Colo.  William  Preston 


SIR — I  am  just  informed  that  Archibald  Taylor  is  a 
Man  that  his  Word  be  depended  on.  Shoat  I  would 
not  depend  so  much  upon  were  it  not  that  his  deposi 
tion  corresponds  with  Taylors. 


212  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

I  am  informed  of  further  particulars  that  Oconos- 
tota  left  the  Council,  when  he  found  the  Shawanese 
faction  was  strong,  saying  he  had  used  his  unwearied 
endeavours,  to  keep  Peace  with  the  English.  But  if 
they  would  go  to  War  he  would  have  no  hand  in  it.  I 
will  forward  your  Letter  to  him  with  all  Speed,  per 
haps  it  may  help  him  to  reasume  his  authority:  and 
we  may  at  least  carry  our  point  so  far  that  the  time 
may  be  lengthened  out  by  negotiations  until  we  are  bet 
ter  prepared.  I  have  wrote  a  long  Letter  to  my  ac 
quaintance  Mr.  Cameron  by  way  of  Carolina. 

I  hope  the  Almighty  will  bless  our  endeavours  for 
the  Safety  of  the  helpless 

I  am  yours  as  before 

A 


On  his  Majestys  Service    To  Colo.  William  Preston    To 
be  forwarded  by  Mr.  Brander 


EXPEDITION  AT  ELK  RIVER 

[Col.  William  Fleming  to  his  wife    2ZZ5.] 

MY  DR.  NANCY — Agreeable  to  my  Promise  I  take 
every  Opportunity  of  letting  you  hear  from  me,  con 
vinced  it  will  afford  you  the  same  satisfaction  in  read 
ing  that  it  gives  me  in  writing  to  you,  even  though  I 
have  nothing  to  add  to  my  former  but  that  I  continue 
in  health  &  that  nothing  extraordinary  has  hapned  as 
yet.  we  are  within  Five  days  march  of  the  Ohio,  and 
have  dispatched  five  Scouts  to  the  Mouth  of  the  N[ew] 
River  in  search  of  his  Lordship  from  whom  we  have 
heard  nothing  since  we  left  Camp  Union  on  Green 


ELK  RIVER  EXPEDITION 


213 


Briar.     We  will    March    from  this    on   Friday  Next, 
the  Men  have  been  employed  in  Making  Canoes  since 
we  came  here  and  will  have  18  large  ones  loaded  on 
thursday  Evening.     This  comes  by  Jos.  Scot,  and  as 
conveyance  will  be  uncertain  after  we  leave  this  You 
will  perhaps  not  hear  from  me  till  we  reach  the  End 
of  our  March,  or  are  about  to  Return    I  scarce  expect 
your  Brother  who  is  yet  on  Green  Briar  will  join  us 
before  we  Cross  the  Ohio  if  then.     My  Dr.  Nancy, 
that  You  &  Lenny  are  daily  in  my  thoughts,  you  need 
not  doubt,  but  as  much  as  I  love  &  Regard  you  both, 
I  can  not  Allow  myself  to  wish  me  with  you,  till  the 
expedition  is  finishd  knowing  that  it  would  Sink  me 
in  your  esteem,  &  that  you  would  dispise  a  wretch  that 
could  desert  an  honourable  Cause,  a  Cause  undertaken 
for  the  good  of  his  Country  in  general,  and  more  im 
mediately  for  the  Protection  of  his  Family,  as  included 
amongst  the  Frontier  settlers     let  thoughts  like  these 
Animate  you  and  support  your  Spirits,  and  remember 
my  Dr  Girl  that  the  Divine  Being  is  Omnipresent  as 
well  as  Omnipotent,  that  He  who  rides  on  the  Wings 
of  the  Tempest,  and  derects  the  Artillery  of  Heaven, 
beholds  with  serenity,  the  Rage  of  a  Battle  &  derects 
each  deadly  Shaft  where  to  strike — for  a  Sparrow 
falls  not  to  the  Ground  without  his  knowledge.     His 
Mercy  is  more  conspicuously  displayed,  in  instances 
of  Preservation  &  Protection  in  the  fiersest  Battles  and 
greatest  daingers,  than  in  a  calm  undisturbed  Rota 
tion  of  time  in  a  quiet  peaceble  life,     thefor  My  Dr. 
think  me  as  safe  on  this  Expedition,  tho  we  should 
have  a  Skirmish  or  two  with  the  Indians,  as  if  at  home. 
And  should  it  be  the  Will  of  God,  that  I  should  fall,  I 


214  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

must  &  can  not  otherwise  think,  but  that  he  who  dies 
in  the  Service  of  &  in  the  defence  of  his  Country,  dies 
in  an  Act  of  Religion,  and  circumstances  considered, 
dies  the  death  of  the  Rigfrtious.  but  my  Dr.  I  hope  in 
a  few  Months  to  have  the  Pleasure  of  personally  tell 
ing  You  &  my  Little  Son  more  perticularly  of  our  pro 
ceedings,  and  till  then  I  Recommend  You,  him  &  the 
Family,  to  the  Protection  of  that  Being  who  is  equally 
present  at  this  Moment,  and  at  all  times,  both  with 
You  and  me,  Who  knows  our  most  secret  thoughts 
both  Now  and  Always,  and  is  equally  Able  to  preserve 
you  &  protect  me. 
I  am  My  Dr.  Nancy  Yours  whilst 

WM.  FILMING 

Tuesday  Sept.  27.  1774,    The  Mouth  of  Elk  River 


COLONEL  CHRISTIAN'S  DIVISION 

[John  Floyd  to  Col.  William  Preston    33843,  44.] 

Sept.  28th.  1774. 
DSAR  SIR — 

******** 

I  have  heard  by  Saml  Newell49  your  lady  was  again 
mending  from  her  relapse  &c. 


49  Samuel  Newell  was  born  (1754)  on  the  ocean,  while  his 
parents  were  emigrating  from  Ireland  to  America.  They  set 
tled  first  in  Frederick  County,  but  early  removed  to  the 
Holston,  where  young  Newell  was  active  in  the  Indian  wars, 
and  the  border  battles  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  a  lieuten 
ant  at  King's  Mountain  (1780),  where  he  was  severely 
wounded.  The  next  year,  being,  chosen  captain  of  militia, 


CHRISTIAN'S  MEN  215 

We  are  now  marched  three  miles  from  the  camp,  & 
in  a  fair  way  of  going  on  without  any  more  loss  of 
time.  It  is  Col.  Christian's  opinion  there  will  be  a 
peace  made  with  the  Indians  by  the  time  we  get  down 
or  soon  after.  You  will  receive  this  by  Mr.  Vance, 
who  returned  home  with  my  consent.  He  is  a  poor 
man  &  has  a  large  crop  of  corn  &c.  left  by  his  family ; 
he  also  promises  to  take  care  of  the  affairs  of  those  in 
my  company  who  live  in  that  quarter,  which  makes 
them  all  agree  to  stay  contentedly ;  he  wants  to  be  em 
ployed  on  the  frontiers  if  there  is  any  body  wanted; 
I  think  he  can  be  of  as  much  service  in  that  part  as 
most  people. 

I  have  no  news  worth  mentioning  &  am  really  afraid 
to  say  much  lest  you  should  be  in  more  trouble  (if  pos 
sible)  than  I  left  you.  I  cannot  rest  till  I  hear  from 
you  again. 

My  company  seem  all  anxious  to  come  by  Kentucky, 
but  if  I  can't  do  it  time  enough  to  be  at  your  house  by 
Christmas  I  shall  return  &  go  down  early  in  the  spring. 
I  will  say  no  more  now,  but  most  earnestly  pray  to 
Heaven  that  you  may  be  restored  to  your  former  peace 
of  mind,  &  will  be  always  your  most  affectionate 

JN.  FlvOYD 
Col.  Wm.  Preston 


and  having  removed  to  French  Broad  River,  he  was  active 
in  the  founding  of  the  abortive  State  of  Franklin.  In  1797 
he  removed  to  Somerset,  Ky.,  where  for  many  years  he  was  a 
judge.  In  the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  retired  to  Montgom 
ery  County,  Ind.,  where  he  died  in  1841,  leaving  many  de 
scendants  in  Kentucky  and  Indiana. — ED. 


216  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 


FEAR  OF  CHEROKEE  WAR;  OFFER  OF  AID  FROM 
CAROLINA 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQio6, 

107.] 

ROYAL-OAK  Sept.  2g,  1774. 

D£AR  SIR — We  have  frequent  alarms  since  the  late 
damage;  Indian  Signs  has  been  seen  in  the  very 
Heart  of  the  settlement ;  and  a  Man  upon  the  South 
Fork  narrowly  escaped  being  taken  Prisoner,  about 
Twilight  in  the  Evening.  I  believe  they  are  only 
Spys.  I  have  had  the  good  fortune  notwithstanding 
the  general  consternation  the  late  alarms  occasioned 
to  keep  the  people  from  flying  the  Country;  endeav 
ouring  to  divert  them  from  believing  that  it  is  the 
Cherokees  which  seems  to  be  their  greatest  terror. 
And  giving  them  assurances  that  every  thing  will  be 
done  in  your  power,  to  have  Ammunition  speedily 
brought  into  the  Country :  I  have  prevailed  with  the 
most  of  the  Inhabitants  on  this  River  to  erect  Forts, 
which  I  expect  will  be  chiefly  compleated  this  Week, 
and  I  make  no  doubt  now  but  we  will  dispute  the 
Country  valiantly  if  once  provided  with  ammunition: 
even  if  it  should  be  a  Cherokee  War. 

I  am  still  in  a  doubt  whether  it  was  Cherokees  did 
the  late  mischief,  altho'  there  was  one  of  their  War 
Clubs  and  some  other  Cherokee  Signs  left.  But  the 
general  Clamour,  here  is  against  that  nation  and  in 
deed  several  circumstances  seems  suspicious  It  may 
be  well  for  us  to  be  prepared. 

I  had  a  Message  from  a  Gentleman  in  Carolina,  that 
fifty  Catawba  Indians  was  desirous  of  being  employed 


FEAR  OF  CHEROKEE  217 

against  the  Shawanese  and  he  could  send  fifty  prime 
White-men  along  with  them  their  Neighbours  and  ac 
quaintance:  I  returned  him  Answer  it  might  be  well 
for  to  get  them  in  readiness ;  as  they  might  have  oc 
casion  for  them  in  their  own  Government:  and  if 
they  choose  to  march  as  volunteers  to  the  great  Island 
I  would  endeavour  that  they  should  meet  with  all  pos 
sible  encouragement.  Pray  consider  if  there  is  no 
need  for  them  against  the  Cherokees  whether  it  might 
not  be  doing  a  Service,  if  they  come,  to  March  them 
thro'  Cumberland  Gap,  to  the  Ohio,  where  it  is  likely 
they  could  be  employed  in  the  Scouting  way  to  good 
purpose,  the  ensuing  Winter.  Please  let  me  know 
your  Sentiments  about  this  Scheme  as  I  must  let  the 
Gentleman  know  if  it  is  disapproved  of.  Capt.  Cocke 
set  out  to  Carolina  before  I  Received  yours  of  the  25th. 
but  as  he  is  a  stranger  it  is  likely  he  wont  succeed.  It 
is  certain  We  want  Men  badly  as  it  is  now  impossible 
to  get  a  Man  to  leave  this  River  to  go  to  Clinch  as  they 
look  upon  themselves  in  equal  danger.  Blackmores 
&  the  Head  of  Clinch  is  extremely  thin,  so  that  it  is  out 
of  Capt.  Looneys  or  Capt.  Smiths  power  to  pursue  the 
Enemy  if  there  was  but  a  dozen  of  them. 

Capt.  Wilson  if  Provision  was  plenty  (or  rather 
flour)  would  be  agreed  to  go  further  back  than  Mr., 
Doacks,  as  many  of  his  Men  is  not  pleased  with  their 
lodgings  and  say  they  would  rather  you  would  Order 
them  to  be  stationed  in  the  Woods.  Consider  whether 
it  would  not  be  better  for  them  to  be  towards  the  Head 
of  Blue  Stone  and  Clinch;  as  they  would  then  as  ef 
fectually  cover  the  Frontier  part  of  Reed  Creek  as 
where  they  are,  and  it  is  bad  to  give  ground,  and  have 


218  DVNMORE'S  WAR 

they  War  among  us.     The  middle  Stations  on  Clinch 

is  pretty  strong  of  the  Inhabitants  and  of  late  they  are 

^so  close  Garrisoned  that  they  are  afraid  to  mind  there 

Crops ;     And  now  employ  themselves  in  small  ranging 

parties.     Mr.  Boon  is  very  diligent  at  Castle-Woods 

and  keeps  up  good  Orders.     I  have  reason  to  believe 

they  have  lately  been  remiss  at  Blackmores,  and  the 

Spys  there  did  not  do  their  duty. 

I  have  tho't  it  would  be  well  to  have  a  whole  Com 
pany  stationed  at  or  near  the  Great-Island,  to  secure 
that  important  pass,  in  case  of  a  Cherokee  War.  of 
this  matter  Please  favour  me  with  your  Sentiments. 

You  will  lay  me  under  the  greatest  Obligation  to 
favour  me  frequently  with  your  Instructions ;  as  they 
business  this  way  is  likely  to  become  Weighty. 

I  am  Dear  Sir  With  usual  Respect  Your  Obedient 
Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 

P.  S.  There  is  but  one  Family  as  I  yet  hear  of  mur 
dered,  they  spared  none  one  Child  Scalped  and 
Tomhaked  could  speak  Sensibly.50  the  other  Family 
had  fled  to  the  Woods.  A.  C. 


50  In  a  later  letter,  of  which  only  the  final  part  has  been 
preserved,  Major  Campbell  gives  the  Roberts  child's  history 
as  follows:  "upon  whose  first  appearance,  my  little  hero 
ran  off,  his  Uncle  called,  he  knew  his  voice  and  turned  and 
ran  to  him  rejoiced;  his  Uncle  questioned  him,  and  he  re 
turned  sensible  Answers,  Shewed  his  murdered  Parents  and 
sisters  his  Brother  is  not  found,  and  I  suppose  captivated. 
He  received  but  one  Blow  with  a  Tomhake  on  the  back  of  the 
Head,  which  cut  thro  his  scull,  but  it  is  generally  believed  his 
Brains  is  safe,  as  he  continues  to"  talk  sensibly,  and  being  an 
active  wise  Boy,  what  he  relates  is  Credited.  For  my  part  I 
don't  know  as  I  ever  had  tenderer  feelings  of  compasion,  for 
any  of  the  human  Species.  I  have  sent  for  him,  and  em 
ployed  an  Old  Man  that  has  some  Skill  to  attend  him.  I 


FEAR  OF  CHEROKEE  219 

P.  S.  I  luckily  procured  one  pound  &  Half  of  Pow 
der  before  the  Militia  went  out,  which  I  divided  to 
such  as  had  none,  3  loads  apiece,  which  they  went  very 
cheerfully  out  on.  If  you  could  possibly  spare  me,  one 
or  two  pounds  I  would  divide  it  in  the  same,  spar 
ing  manner,  in  case  of  another  alarm. 

I  intend  to  send  to  you,  as  soon  as  Capt.  Smith  re 
turns  to  let  you  know  the  event  of  his  journey  by 
which  Opportunity  the  Powder  if  you  can  Spare  it  can 
come  If  a  good  opportunity  dont  offer  before. 

I  am  Yours  &c 

A  CAMPBEXL 

Please  hurry  ye.  Flour  out  as  there  is  great  need  of 
it  There  is  Beef  enough  bought  and  bespoke. 

On  his  Majestys  Service  To  Colo.  William  Preston  To 
be  forwarded  by  Mr.  Brander 


[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQioo..] 

Saturday  Octb.  I  1774 

Dear  Sir — Last  Thursday  [Sept.  29]  between  sun 
set  and  dark,  three  Men  was  fired  at  within  300  Yds 
[of]  Moors  Fort  on  Clinch  one  John  Duncom  was  shot 
dead  on  the  Spot ;  and  Scalped,  altho  a  party  of  Men 
ran  out  of  the  Fort  to  the  place  as  soon  as  the  Guns 
fired ;  The  Indians  ran  off  and  Night  prevented  them 


wish  I  could  get  Doctr.  Lloyd  to  him.  If  he  cannot  come, 
please  try  if  the  Doctor  could  not  send  me  up  some  Medicines 
with  directions.  I  have  been  too  tedious,  and  circumstantial, 
in  relating  the  little  hero's  story,  but  as  it  seems  to  be  a  singu 
lar  instance  I  am  perswaded  you  won't  be  displeased  with  it." 
(Draper  MSS.,  aQQni.)— ED. 


220  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

then  being  followed.  The  Express  came  of[f]  next 
morning  early.  Mr.  Boone  was  preparing  to  go  in 
search  of  the  Enemy.  Mr.  Boone  also  informs  me  that 
the  Indians  has  been  frequently  about  Blackmores, 
since  the  Negroes  was  taken ;  And  Capt.  Looney  has 
so  few  Men  that  he  cannot  venture  to  go  in  pursuit  of 
them,  having  only  eleven  Men  I  have  had  no  Word 
yet  from  Doack,  Thompson,  Montgomery  or  Cox,  and 
indeed  I  am  afraid  there  will  few  if  any  come,  If  I  may 
now  judge  of  their  conduct  from  that  in  time  of  the 
former  alarms.  If  the[y]  don't  come  I  hope  you  will 
judge  it  expedient  to  endeavour  to  raise  Men  else 
where.  I  Wrote  Capt.  Thomas  Bryan51  lately  who  has 
a  large  stock  on  Mockison,  that  I  would  be  glad  he 
could  come  over  and  bring  a  parcel  of  good  Woods 
men  with  him,  but  as  I  give  himself  no  encouragement 
to  be  employed  asistance  from  there  is  uncertain. 

Mr.  Boone  has  sent  me  the  War  Club  that  was  left 
it  is  difTirent  from  that  left  at  Blackmores ;  Mr.  Boone 
thinks  it  is  the  Cherokees  that  is  now  annoying  us,  I 
rather  believe  it  is  some  of  Major  M-Donalds  desper- 


51  The  Bryans  were  a  large  family  who  came  from  Ireland, 
and  first  settled  on  Opequon  Creek  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
Valley  of  Virginia.  Later  they  removed  to  North  Carolina, 
and  formed  a  large  settlement  known  by  their  name,  on  the 
upper  Yadkin.  The  Bryans  intermarried  with  the  Boones, 
and  a  party  of  forty  from  their  settlement  joined  Daniel 
Boone  in  his  proposed  migration  to  Kentucky,  which  was 
checked  owing  to  the  slaying  by  Indians  in  Powell's  Valley 
of  sons  of  Boone  and  Russell.  Probably  Capt.  Thomas  Bryan 
was  one  of  this  party,  as  they  were  all  good  woodsmen.  He 
was  the  youngest  son  of  the  first  emigrant,  Morgan  Bryan, 
grandfather  of  Boone's  wife.  The  Bryans  later  (1779)  settled 
a  station  of  that  name  in  Kentucky,  but  Thomas  does  not  ap 
pear  to  have  been  of  their  number.  One  of  his  name  was  a 
Loyalist  leader  in  North  Carolina,  and  perished  at  the  Battle 
of  Shallow  Ford  (Oct.  15,  1780).— ED. 


FEAR  OF  CHEROKEE  221 

ate  fugitives  that  has  taken  refuge  some  where  on  the 
Ohio  [to]  the  back  of  us ;  and  would  willingly  deceive 
us  into  a  belief  that  it  is  the  Cherokees,  that  they  may 
succeed  that  way  to  create  a  misunderstanding  be 
tween  us  and  the  old  Chiefs.  Your  Letter  to  Ocanas- 
soto  I  expect  will  have  a  speedy  conveyance  as  there 
is  at  Wattaga  two  Cherokees  friends  of  ours  who  I  ex 
pect  will  carry  it  for  a  small  reward ;  and  I  have  wrote 
to  Mr.  Carter52  that  the  Messenger  must  bring  an  An 
swer,  before  he  gets  his  pay  For  which  I  will  wait 
with  impatience,  as  it  may  clear  up  the  Present  doubts. 
I  have  inclosed  a  letter  of  Abraham  Bledsoe  to  me. 
The  Man  is  a  good  Woodsman,  as  to  the  other  parts 
of  his  Character  I  am  but  a  stranger  to.  I  don't  know 
as  Col.  Wright  or  Armstrong53  is  to  be  trusted  as  I  am 
well  informed  they  behaved  with  extreme  duplicity  to 
Capt.  Jones  on  a  late  occasion;  besides  I  understand 
Armstrong  wants  to  get  possession  of  that  part  of 
Colo.  Donelsons  purchase  between  Holston  and  the 


62  John  Carter  was  one  of  the  prominent  pioneers  of  east 
Tennessee.  Of  superior  education  and  good  family,  his  ad 
vantages  gave  him  leadership  in  the  new  community.  As 
early  as  1772,  he  opened  an  Indian  trading  establishment  west 
of  the  Holston,  in  what  was  known  as  Carter's  Valley.  In 
the  Treaty  of  Sycamore  Shoals  (1775)  he  received  indem 
nity  for  being  robbed  by  the  Indians.  About  this  time  he  re 
moved  his  residence  to  Watauga,  where  he  was  chairman  of 
the  court,  and  of  the  committee  of  safety,  as  well  as  colonel 
of  the  militia.  Colonel  Carter  embarked  in  the  State  of 
Franklin  enterprise,  and  was  one  of  its  leading  magistrates. 
He  acquired  a  large  landed  estate,  and  Carter  County,  Tenn., 
was  named  in  his  honor. — ED. 

53  Col.  Gideon  Wright  and  Col.  Martin  Armstrong  were 
prominent  citizens  of  upper  North  Carolina.  The  former  was 
a  Loyalist  in  the  Revolution;  the  latter,  a  Whig,  took  com 
mand  of  the  American  troops  after  the  battle  of  King's 
Mountain. — ED. 


222  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

West  Line  As  Armstrong  looks  upon  it  he  has  a  right 
to  the  emoluments  of  that  bent  [bend]  as  a  Surveyor 
in  North-Carolina.  Capt.  Tom.  Bryan  is  a  good  hon 
est  fellow  if  he  raises  Men  I  wish  you  would  encour 
age  him. 

If  you  have  an  oppertunity  Please  let  Capt.  Bledsoe 
know  I  have  ordered  Men  to  be  stationed  at  his  House ; 
besides  there  is  upwards  of  20  Men  ranging  between 
him  and  the  North-fork.  It  may  be  well  to  let  him 
know  this  piece  of  News,  as  the  present  alarms  may 
go  to  the  levels  worse  than  it  is,  and  he  may  do  a  dis 
service  if  he  should  turn  home.  I  shall  have  a  par 
ticular  attention  to  all  the  Gents.  Ladies  that  is  on  the 
Expedition,  and  shall  afford  them  all  reasonable  as 
sistance  in  my  power. 

I  am  Dear  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 
To  Colo.  Preston. 


BRINGING  UP  THE  BEAB 

[Anthony  Eledsoe  to  Col.   William   Preston.    3QQio8,] 

CAMP  UNION  ist  October  1774 

DEAR  SIR — The  unexpected  delays  Attending  the 
Expedition  Occasioned  me  to  be  no  farther  on  my 
March  then  this  place,  some  Company  being  obliged 
to  wait  till  the  return  of  the  Horses  from  the  Ad 
vanced  Partys  Six  brigades  of  which  return'd  last 
night,  Though  so  much  Worsted  that  they  will  not 
possiably  be  able  to  go  [to]  the  Springs  for  their  loads 
till  about  Monday.  Colo.  I^ewis  by  his  Writing  to 


THE  REAR  GUARD 


223 


Colo.  Christian  expected  in  all  probarbility  the  whole 
of  the  fluor  Order'd  by  him  for  the  Expedition  was  are 
[ere]  now  at  this  place,  though  upwards  of  two  hun 
dred  &  fifty  Loads  not  yet  Arived.  One  hundred  & 
fifty  of  them  not  left  Santown  [Staunton],  the  Other 
hundred  now  at  the  Warm  Springs,  which  I  have  to 
wait  for  and  shall  be  oblig'd  to  send  Horses  to  Stan- 
town  [for]  the  hundred  &  fifty  Loads  Still  there,  as 
Mr.  Mathews54  Writes  it  is  quite  [out]  of  his  power 
to  send  them,  though  am  not  oblig'd  to  wait  any  longer 
then  the  Hundred  loads  can .  be  brought  from  the 
Warm  Springs,  which  I  doubt  will  be  too  late  to  See 
any  thing  more  [than]  the  trouble  of  the  Pack  horses 
&  the  badness  of  the  Road,  though  Colo.  Lewis  it  is 
likely  told  Severall  of  the  Pack  Masters  that  they 
would  be  [in]  time  Enough  to  go  to  the  Towns,  if  so,. 
I  shall,  though  I  much  dout  it.  Colo.  Charles  by  re 
port  would  start  this  Week  to  the  Mouth  of  the  Kana- 
woway  from  Elk.  I  Judge  every  person  finds  the  Ex 
pedition  more  teadious  then  it  was  generally  expected. 

I  have  sent  inclosd  a  Copy  of  Colo.  Andw  Lewis  Let 
ter  to  Colo.  Christian. 

Colo.  Christian  Started  from  this  place  last  Tuesday 
Evening,  nothing  remarkable  since  my  arivall  here. 
I  have  much  use  for  a  hospital  and  Doctor,  as  all  the 
sick  from  the  [w]hole  regiment  is  left  here,  which  ren- 


54  Sampson  Matthews,  brother  of  George,  was  the  keeper 
of  the  ordinary  at  Staunton,  and  a  man  of  prominence  in 
Augusta  County.  He  had  served  as  commissary  in  the 
French  and  Indian  War,  also  as  deputy  sheriff  and  justice 
of  the  peace.  In  1781  he  was  colonel  of  a  regiment  raised 
to  repel  Arnold's  invasion  of  Virginia.  He  was  officially  styled 
"Master  driver  of  cattle,"  in  Charles  Lewis's  Augusta  regi 
ment  on  the  Point  Pleasant  compaign. — ED. 


:224  DUN  M  ORE'S  WAR 

ders  may  stay  very  disagreeable,  if  anything  worther 
of  notice  happens  before  my  depart  [ure]  I  shall  Ac 
quaint  you,  if  any  thing  has  appeard  to  you  since  I 
came  away  from  your  House  please  to  let  me  knowe. 
I  do  not  expect  to  leave  this  place  till  about  the 
Instant. 

I  am,  Dear  Sir  Your  most  Hble  Servt 

ANTHONY 


To  Col.  William  Preston  in  Smith  Field  Fincastle  County 
pr  favr.  of  Mr.  James  Gilmore 


TROOPS  FOB  BORDER  DEFENSE 

[John  Montgomery  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQno.] 

DEAR  SIR — I  Received  your  Leter  wherin  you  de 
sired  I  should  use  My  influence  with  Regard  to  rais 
ing  15  men  to  Go  to  the  assistance  of  the  Distressed 
People  of  Holston.  Agreeable  to  which  I  appointed 
Michael  Dougherty  Ensign  to  Command  that  party,  if 
they  Could  be  raised  in  Capt.  Crocketts  Company,  but 
as  his  bounds  is  not  large  &  the  Most  part  of  them 
went  out  with  himself  to  the  Campaign,  that  Number 
I  realy  believe  Cannot  be  raisd  in  Capt.  Crocketts  Com 
pany,  unless  Men  were  to  Leave  their  wives  and  Chil 
dren  exposed  to  the  Mercy  of  the  Enemy,  which  we 
in  reason  Cannot  Expect.  Mr.  Dougherty  is  Still  will 
ing  to  serve  if  you  Can  but  Contrive  how  he  may  Make 
up  that  Number  of  men.  he  has  used  all  Deligence 
ever  since  I  acquanted  him  of  the  Matter  &  hath  no 
Certanty  of  More  than  5  or  6  men,  as  the  Cheif  of  the 
_young  men  are  Already  Gon  out  as  I  remarkd.  before. 


DEFENSE  OF  HOLSTON 


225 


but  if  you  will  Give  him  authority  to  make  up  the 
Number  out  of  any  other  Company  where  you  think 
they  can  be  best  Spared  Mr.  Dougherty  will  freely 
Serve  and  begs  that  you  may  Send  further  instructions 
as  Soon  as  you  Conveniantly  Can,  And  Conclude 
with  Subscribing  myself  Dear  Sir  your  most  Obdiant 
&  Hble.  Servt. 

JOHN   MONTGOMERY55 
2<l.  Octbr.  1774 
To  Colo.  William  Preston,  Fincastle,  These. 


55  Col.  John  Montgomery  was  a  native  of  western  Virginia, 
of  Irish  parents,  being  born  within  the  limits  of  Botetourt 
County,  about  1748.  His  natural  gifts  were  great,  and  he  was 
readily  recognized  as  a  leader  in  the  young  community,  being 
made  magistrate  of  Botetourt  (1770),  later  of  Fincastle 
County  (1772),  and  a  member  of  the  committee  of  safety  in 
1775.  He  is  usually  supposed  to  have  gone  on  the  Point 
Pleasant  expedition  with  Christian ;  but  this  letter  proves  he 
was  elsewhere  occupied  upon  the  frontier.  In  the  Cherokee 
campaign  of  1776  he  commanded  a  company  under  Christian, 
and  was  stationed  at  Long  Island  at  its  close  In  1778  he  was 
ordered  out  with  George  Rogers  Clark,  to  Kentucky,  thus 
becoming  one  of  Clark's  four  captains  on  the  Illinois  cam 
paign.  After  the  taking  of  Kaskaskia,  Montgomery  was  sent 
to  Virginia  with  dispatches,  and  there  ordered  to  enroll  a 
regiment  for  Clark's  re-inforcement,  of  which  he  was  to  be 
lieutenant-colonel.  The  alarm  from  the  back  settlements  led 
him,  however,  to  join  Shelby's  Chickamauga  expedition 
(1779),  thus  delaying  his  return  to  Illinois  until  May  of  that 
year.  He  continued  in  the  Illinois  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  settled  in.  southwest  Kentucky,  later  removing  to 
the  Cumberland,  and  founding  Clarksville  (Tenn.),  named 
in  honor  of  his  former  commander.  He  was  actively  engaged 
in  the  Genet  expedition  (1793-94),  of  which  Clark  was  to  take 
command.  After  its  collapse,  he  went  out  on  the  Nickajack 
campaign,  distinguishing  himself  for  his  daring.  The  same 
year  (1794),  however,  he  fell  victim  to  Indian  hostility,  be 
ing  killed  while  on  a  hunting  excursion,  not  far  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Cumberland.  Most  of  these  details  are  found 
in  Draper  MSS.,  36] 22.— ED. 

IS 


226  DUNMORE'S   WAR 


DISTRESS  OF  THE  FRONTIER 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQii2.] 

ROYAL-OAK,  Octr.  4th.  1774 

DEAR  SIR — Since  I  closed  my  Letter  Yesterday56 
Capt.  Thompson  came  here;  and  give  me  a  particular 
account  of  the  situation  of  the  People  in  the  lower  Set 
tlement  ;  he  was  much  put  to  it  to  get  Men  to  go  out 
of  the  Inhabitants,  however  with  9  Men  he  venture 
thro'  Mockison  Gap,  and  somewhere  between  the 
North-fork  and  Clinch  mountain  he  came  upon  fresh 
tracks  but  could  not  make  them  out  any  distance. 

Upon  the  late  alarm  I  ordered  out  Sergt.  Commands 
to  range  along  the  back  side  the  Settlement  on  Hol- 
ston  'So  that  there  is  now  a  second  Chain  of  rangers 
from  the  Great  Island  up  I  also  Ordered  4  Men  to 
Mr.  Bledsoe  4  to  Mr.  Shelby  and  4  to  Mr.  Cummins 
for  their  particular  protection ; 

Upon  consulting  with  Capt.  Thompson  it  was 
agreed  that  I  should  make  application  to  you  for  his 
having  the  Command  of  these  upon  Duty  in  this  Side 
Clinch  mountain,  and  that  he  would  endeavour  to  have 
a  party  of  20  always  with  himself  to  range,  besides 
It  was  necessary  that  some  Officer  on  Duty  should  be 
among  the  lower  Inhabitants  at  this  time  to  encourage 
them  and  regulate  matters. 

Since  I  wrote  the  above  I  received  yours  by  Mr. 
Montgomery  and  am  glad  to  receive  Orders  anticipat- 


56  This  was  the  letter  referring  to  the  Roberts  child.     See 
ante,  p.  208,  note  45. — ED. 


THE  DISTRESSED  FRONTIER 


227 


ing  my  application  for  a  third  Capt.  on  Duty,  and  I 
make  no  doubt  but  you  will  approve  my  appointment 
of  Capt.  Thompson,  especially  as  I  find  it  is  the  best 
way  he  can  do  any  thing  at  his  other  business  which 
it  is  rendered  very  difficult  for  him  to  perform  on  ac 
count  of  the  confusion  among  the  Inhabitants.  I 
make  no  doubt  but  your  last  supply  of  Ammunition 
will  encourage  the  Inhabitants  much,  as  I  think  every 
Man  have  1/2  doz  shoots  a  piece  having  direct  [ed]  the 
Powder  to  be  divided  by  their  Gun-Measures. 
I  am  Sir  your  Obedient  Servt. 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 

P.  S.     I  have  sent  you  a  Paper  delivered  me  by  Capt. 
Thompson  by  which  you  may  see  Cockes  resolution. 

To  Colo.  William  Preston    pr  R  of  Mr.  Trimble 


[George  Adams   to   Col.   William   Preston.    3QQii3.] 

HOLSTON  RIVER  October  ye  4th  ijj^ 
SIR — I  need  not  Relate  ye  Distresed  Circumstances 
of  those  Parts  to  you  I  imagain  you  have  Such 
acounts  too  Frequent  ye  Mockinson  people  is  Left 
home  Some  time  ago  and  some  of  them  is  Now  at  my 
hous  where  there  is  a  few  of  us  Gathered  and  hopes 
to  tary  here  untill  we  heare  how  Circmstances  promis 
With  our  Army  at  ye  Same  time  if  it  is  in  your 
Power  and  you  Will  Be  so  Kind  as  to  alow  them  a 
few  men  the  time  they  are  Gathering  theire  Crops  they 


228  DUNMORE'S    WAR 

then  can  Suport  there  familys  and  if  not  they  canot 
suport  theire  famileys  here  they  mus  unavoidably 
Remove  theire  Famileys  from  Those  Parts  they  have 
Large  Crops  it  is  a  pity  yt  so  much  Grain  Should  be 
Lost  I  Would  beg  ye  favour  of  you  to  Write  if  you 
Can  aford  them  aney  asistance  as  ye  vermin  is  now 
Distroying  theire  Grain  very  fast  I  Could  Equally 
Beg  for  maney  other  places  But  I  dout  yt  Every  Place 
Canot  be  Suplyed  With  men. 

Amunition  is  very  scarce  With  us  Which  is  ye 
ocasion  of  abundanc  of  Feare  from  Sir  your  Humble 
Servt  With  Esteeme 

GORE.  ADAMS 

To  Colon.  WX  Preston,  this. 


[Capt.  Daniel   Smith  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQii4.] 

DR.  SIR — The  late  Invasions  of  Indians  hath  so  much 
alarm'd  the  Inhabitants  of  this  River  that  without  more 
men  come  to  their  Assistance  from  other  parts,  some  of 
the  most  timorous  among  us  will  remove  to  a  place  of 
Safety,  and  when  once  the  example  is  set  I  fear  it  will 
be  followed  by  many.  By  what  I  can  learn  the  terror 
is  as  great  on  Holston,  so  that  we've  no  room  to  hope 
for  Assistance  from  that  quarter.  Mr.  Kingkeid  is 
an  intelligent  man  and  can  give  you  an  account  of  the 
Situation  of  the  Clinch  inhabitants;  To  him  I  refer 
you  for  the  same.  I  am  just  going  to  the  Assistance 
of  the  Castles  Woods  men  with  what  force  could  be 


THE  DISTRESSED  FRONTIER  229 

spared  from  this  upper  district.     I  am  Dr  Sir  Yours 
most  respectfully 

DAN  SMITH 

Elk  Garden  4th.  Qctr.  1774. 

Vincent  Hobbs  Wm.  M^'aDoo 

Thos.  Shannon  John  Mares 

Robert  Brown  Joseph  Mares 

Saul  Cecil  David  Pattern 

John  Smith  Israel  Harmon 

Wm  Baylstone  Thos.  Maxwell 

Holton  Money  Joseph  Turner 

Sam"  Money  Wm.  Magee57 

to  Col.  William  Preston  at  Smithfield    P*.  Mr.  Jno.  King- 
kead. 


[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQH4-] 

DEAR  SIR — John  Cox  is  just  arrived  here  with  24 
Men  I  shall  send  him  down  the  River,  to  range  about 
Reedy-Creek  and  Mockison  Gap  until  the  Flour 
you  mentioned  arrives  and  then  he  may  serve  as  an 
Escort  to  the  provisions  over  to  Blackmores ;  Mr. 
Cummins  will  wait  upon  you,  and  he  can  inform  you 
his  Sentiments  of  the  situation,  I  wish  you  could  do 
something  for  him  I  have  done  all  I  can. 
I  am  Dear  Sir  your  most  Obedient  Servt. 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 

Oct.  5, 1774- 

pr  fav.  of  Rev.  Chas.  Cummins. 


57  Evidently  a  list  of  the  garrison  at  Elk  Garden. — ED. 


230  DUN  MO  RE'S   WAR 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQns.] 

ROYAL-OAK  Oct<>.  6.  1774 

SIR — The  Evening  after  Mr.  Cummins  left  this,  I 
Received  your  Letter  of  ye  ist.  Inst.  sent  out  by  Paddy 
Brown;  who  tho't  proper,  to  carry  the  Letter  past, 
and  it  was  returned  me  this  day  open.  I  wish  it  was 
in  my  power  to  humour  every  Inhabitant,  consistant 
with  Justice  to  the  Service ;  but  there  is  many  of  them 
so  unreasonably  selfish  I  dispair  of  succeeding  in  every 
case. 

Paddy  Brown  is  an  Old  Weaver  Body,  that  lives 
with  one  of  the  Doughertys,  he  came  here  one  day 
and  applied  for  to  get  in  for  a  Spy,  I  very  flatly  re 
fused  him ;  he  then  went  off  in  dudgeon. 

Upon  the  alarm  of  Lammey  being  taken,  Vances  & 
Fowlers  Wives  with  several  other  Families  convened 
at  Mr.  Harrisons68  which  lyes  upon  the  Main  path  to 
Clinch,  in  the  Rich  Valley,  opposit  to  the  Town-House, 
upon  the  request  of  several  Inhabitants  in  both  sides, 
I  ordered  Six  Men  to  be  Stationed  there  for  ten  Days ; 
two  of  which  was  always  to  be  out  ranging.  Heny. 
&  Joso.  Dougherty  moved  their  Families  to  this  side 
the  mountain,  disagreeing  with  ye.  Majority  of  ye.  In 
habitants,  as  to  the  place  to  build  a  Fort.  Mr.  John 
Campbells  Wife  has  been  in  this  side  the  mountain  this 
two  months  past,  and  himself  has  acted  as  Ensign  to 


58  The  Harrisons  were  a  prominent  family  of  western  Vir 
ginia  but  whether  connected  with  the  Frederick  County  Har 
risons,  from  whom  the  presidents  descended,  is  uncertain 
although  it  is  probable,  for  a  Benjamin  Harrison  was  killed 
on  Holston  in  1754.  See  Preston  register,  in  Draper  MSS., 
iQQ83.— ED. 


THE  DISTRESSED  FRONTIER  231 

Capt.  Smith,  on  Clynch  ever  since  that  Gent,  was  Or 
dered  on  Duty.  Archibald  &  John  Buchanans  Fam- 
ilys,59  and  Andw.  Lammeys  came  here ;  who  has  con 
tinued  in  this  side  yet;  Capt.  Wilson  went  Immedi 
ately  with  15  Men,  and  ranged  near  a  Week  in  the 
Neighbourhood  where  Lammey  was  taken,  and  he  left 
four  of  his  best  Woodsmen  with  the  Neighbours,  for 
several  days  longer.  I  also  ordered  two  of  the  most 
trusty  persons  I  could  get,  for  to  act  as  Spys  along 
Clynch  Mountain  for  10  days  which  they  performed  I 
am  satisfyed  faithfully;  besides  they  Six  Men,  at 
Harrisons,  I  ordered  Mrs.  Vance  &  Fowlers  Wife  3 
Men  a  Week  particularly,  Jo  asist  about  saving  their 
fodder,  which  they  got  removed  with  safety. 

All  the  Men  stationed  in  this  side  Clynch,  I  give  par 
ticular  directions  that  they  should  if  possible,  be  Young 
Men ;  and  be  ready  to  march  to  other  places  if  called 
upon ;  Indeed  when  I  first  Ordered  these  men  I  had 
a  Scheme  in  it,  to  send  such  good  hands  as  could  be 
best  Spared  out  of  them  over  to  fill  up  Capt.  Looneys 
and  Smiths  Companys  on  Clynch  when  the  fears  of  the 
people  in  this  side  was  a  little  abated.  It  has  fell  out 
extremely  unlucky,  that  both  them  Gentlemens  rang 
ing  Stations,  was  very  thin  when  ye.  Indians  came. 
Capt.  Smith  having  to  wait  until  he  was  reinforced 


59  In  the  early  days  of  Augusta  County,  Col.  John  Bu 
chanan  was  deputy  surveyor  for  Col.  James  Patton,  and  lo 
cated  many  valuable  tracts  of  land  upon  Holston  River, 
where  his  descendents  lived.  Archibald  lived  on  the  North 
Fork,  and  the  August  court  of  this  year  (1774)  had  ordered 
a  road  surveyed  thither  from  Arthur  Campbell's.  John  Bu 
chanan  served  us  lieutenant  of  the  7th  Virginia  continental 
regiment,  and  was  killed  in  battle  in  1777. — ED. 


232  DUNM ORE'S   WAR 

from  this  side  before  he  could  pursue.  And  at  Black- 
mores  the  other  Day  the  Indians  coursd  one  of  the 
Negroes  they  took,  near  a  quarter  of  an  Hour,  several 
times  in  view  of  the  Fort. 

In  short  the  most  of  the  people  in  this  Country,  seem 
to  have  a  private  plan  of  their  own,  for  their  own  par 
ticular  defence. 

The  people  in  the  Wolf-Hill  Settlement,60  will  have 
the  Indians,  to  come  up  the  Valley  &  North  fork,  op 
posite  to  them,  and  then  make  a  Right-Angle  to  their 
habitations,  they  people  on  ye.  South  fork  will  have  the 
Enemy,  to  steal  Slyly,  up  the  Iron  Mountain,  and  make 
one  Grand  attack,  on  the  Head  of  Holston,  and  Sweep 
the  River  down  before  them;  The  Head  of  New 
River  will  have  it,  that  the  Cherokees  will  fetch  a  Com 
pass,  round  Wattago  Settlement,  and  come  down  New 
River,  on  a  particular  Search  for  their  Scalps,  The 
Rich-Valley  and  North  fork  people  will  have  Sandy 
the  dangerous  pass,  for  proof  of  which  the[y]  quot[e] 
former  and  recent  Instances;  to  wit  Stalnaker  & 
Henrys  Family  being  carried  out  the  same  road.61 
You  may  thus  see  what  a  task  one  would  have  to  re 
move  every  ones  $ears ;  I  wish  I  could  be  instrumental 
in  defending  from  real  ones,  imaginary  dangers  would 
give  me  less  anxiety. 

******** 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELI, 


60  The  present  Abingdon,  Washington  County. — ED. 

61  Stalnaker' s  family  was  attacked  June  18,  1755.     The  ref 
erence  to  Henry's  family  is  to  the  incident  mentioned  ante, 
pp.  192,  193.— ED. 


THE  DISTRESSED  FRONTIER  233 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQn6.] 

Thursday  Evening  Octr.  6.  1774 

SIR — Samuel  Shannon  came  here  to  day  with  21 
head  of  Cattle  several  of  them  very  indifferent.  I 
have  detained  him  until  the  Beginning  of  next  Week 
as  he  says  he  wont  go  further  without  a  guard;  by 
which  time  I  expect  the  flour  Waggons  will  be  up,  and 
I  can  send  both  together  to  Mockison  Gap,  you  will 
see  by  Capt.  Smiths  Letter  that  there  is  near  cattle 
enough  engaged  for  his  Fort.  One  of  the  Snod- 
grasses  says  he  seen  an  Indian  a  little  below  Capt. 
Thompsons  the  day  before  Yesterday,  I  rather  think 
if  he  seen  anything  it  was  some  of  Donelsons  and 
Masons  party  in  disguise  as  I  hear  they  have  threat 
ened  the  Sheriff.  The  Boy  that  was  scalped  is  dead, 
he  was  an  extraordinary  example  of  patience  and  reso 
lution  to  his  last,  frequently  lamenting  "he  was  not  able 
to  fight  enough  for  to  save  his  mammy."  I  divided 
the  last  of  the  81b.  Powder  that  came  by  Vance  to 
Lieut.  Cox  Men  yesterday  Thefy]  had  4  Shoots 
apiece  and  with  perswasions  I  got  them  to  go  down 
the  River,  they  said  thefy]  would  turn  home  if  they 
did  not  get, more  next  Week.  I  hope  Branders  pow 
der  will  be  up  by  that  time. 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Hbl.  Servt. 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 


234  DUNM ORE'S   WAR 


Men  Miles 

Blackmores  .  .        16  Sergt  Moor 

Moores      .              .              .        20  20                          Boone 

Russells    .              .                       20  4  W.  Poage  Sergt. 

Glade  Hollow         .                       15  12  John  Dunken  Sergt. 

Elk  Garden             .                        18  14  John  Kinkead  Sergt. 

Maiden  Springs      .                         5  23  Joseph  Craven  D°- 

Whittons,  big  Crab  Orchd          3  12  Ensign  Campbell 6J 

To  CoR  William  Preston,  pr.  fvr.  of  Mr.  Hen.  Thompson 


[Capt.  Abraham  Penn  to  Capt.  Joseph  Martin.     iXX3.] 

SMITH  FIELD. 

DEAR  SIR — I  have  proceeded  on  my  Journey  Home 
as  for  our  Discharge  it  will  not  be  till  November  at 
Least,  the  Colo,  wont  agree  that  any  of  my  men  Shall 
go  Home,  but  I  am  to  git  three  or  four  Whilst  gone  to 
Relieve  those  few  that  Necessity  Requires  at  Home. 
Philip  Cavenaugh  must  be  Imployed  as  a  Spye,  and 
pray  keep  them  all  at  there  Constant  Duty,  for  the 
Indians  have  made  Four  Brakes  on  Holston  and  the 
People  are  all  forting  with  all  Dexterity  so  that  We 
may  Expect  the  Next  Stroke  in  our  parts,  be  Con 
stant  on  your  Card  and  Keep  a  Strict  Search  in  them 
parts,  let  the  People  know  that  it  is  thought  they  are 
in  Danger,  as  they  May  be  on  there  Defence.  I  think 


62  This  list  of  the  forts  and  their  garrisons  is  on  the  back 
ing  of  the  letter.  Crab  Orchard  was  in  the  present  Tazewell 
County,  the  first  settlement  made  within  its  borders  by  Carr 
and  Butler  in  1766-67.  In  1771,  Butler  sold  out  to  Thomas 
Witten  (Whitton).  The  fort  was  about  three  miles  west  of 
Jeffersonville.  See  Bickley,  Tazewell  County,  pp.  55,  56. — ED. 


THE  DISTRESSED  FRONTIER  235 

Gatliff  and  Clay  had  better  Move  there  families  back 
again,  as  they  are  in  a  Back  place,  for  I  should  be  very 
Sorry  any  Mischief  Should  be  Done  in  them  parts, 
pray  Dont  let  one  Charge  of  powder  be  shot  In 
Vain  for  I  Expect  we  Shall  be  in  great  Want  before 
any  Supply  can  be  got.  Colo,  preston  Says  he  will 
stop  Alsups  Wages  for  you  If  it  comes  to  his  hands. 
I  expect  Colo,  will  Send  a  Supply  of  provisions  to  you 
Soon  No  more  but  am  your  Sincere  Friend  and 
Humble  Sert 

ABRAHAM  PENN63 

Oct.  7th  i774 

To  Cap*.  Joseph  Martin64  at  Culbersons  Bottom 

63Capt.  Abraham  Penn  was  evidently  at  Smithfield,  Colo 
nel  Preston's  residence,  when  he  wrote  this  letter  to  Capt. 
Joseph  Martin ;  the  latter,  although  holding  a  commission  of 
equal  rank  with  Penn,  served  as  his  subordinate  at  the  Cul- 
bertson  Bottom  fort.  Penn  was  an  old  resident  of  this  re 
gion,  and  Martin,  a  new-comer,  chose  to  serve  under  him 
rather  than  be  omitted  from  the  service.  Penn  lived  on  New 
River  the  remainder  of  his  life  and  rose  to  be  colonel  of 
militia.  (Information  given  to  Dr.  Draper  by  Martin's  son, 
in  Draper  MSS.,  sXXiS.)— ED. 

64  Gen.  Joseph  Martin  was  one  of  the  influential  borderers 
of  his  time.  Born  in  Albemarle  County  (1740)  he  was  a 
schoolmate  of  Gen.  Thomas  Sumter,  and  Col.  Benjamin 
Cleveland.  A  boy  of  great  energy,  he  was  rebellious  toward 
discipline  and  ran  away  to  join  the  army  (1756)  at  Fort 
Pitt.  He  afterwards  became  a  trapper  and  hunter,  and  in 
the  course  of  his  explorations  visited  Powell's  Valley,  and 
determined  to  make  it  the  site  of  his  station.  In  1769,  un 
der  the  leadership  of  Dr.  Thomas  Walker,  he  took  up  a 
large  tract  therein  and  planted  corn.  After  the  war  of  1774, 
in  which  Martin  was  occupied  in  defense  of  a  frontier  fort, 
and  as  a  leader  of  scouts,  he  became  the  Powell's  Valley 
agent  of  the  Transylvania  land  company,  and  established  a 
colony  fifty  miles  westward  of  the  settlements.  He  was  al 
ways  active  in  Indian  warfare,  commanded  a  company 
against  the  Cherokee  in  1776,  and  the  following  year  was 
appointed  by  the  new  government  as  Indian  agent,  a  posi 
tion  of  responsibility  and  power.  In  discharge  of  his  du- 


236  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

POINT  PLEASANT  CAMP  BEFORE  THE  BATTLE 

[Col.  William  Fleming  to  Col.  Adam  Stephen.    2ZZ;i.] 
To  Colo  Stephens  at  the  Mouth  of  Hockhocking  [Oct.  8]65> 

DR  SIR — I  was  very  agreeably  surprized  this  morn 
ing  when  Colo  Lewis  favoured  me  with  a  sight  of 
yours  from  Hockhocking.  to  know  you  was  so  near, 
and  that  we  were  to  make  an  excursion  again  together 
after  so  long  an  Interval  of  ease,  rousd  in  my  breast, 
sentiments  I  know  not  what  to  call  them,  but  surely 
they  are  warmer  than  common  lifeless  Friendships 
contracted  in  indolence  or  over  a  bottle  A  Soldiers 
connections  in  this  light  may  be  compaired  to  Gun 
Powder  which  keapt  dry,  will  with  a  spark  kindle  into 
a  blaze  this  [will]  I  hope  be  a  sufficient  excuse  for 
my  giving  you  a  true  state  of  our  Situation  at  present. 
Agreeable  to  My  Lords,  instructions  From  Augusta 
Botetourt  &  Fincastle,  Colo  Andw  Lewis  march  [ed]  to 


ties  he  resided  many  years  at  Long  Island  on  the  Holston, 
and  was  frequently  a  commissioner  to  draw  up  treaties  such 
as  that  at  Hopewell  (1785),  which  made  possible  the  King's 
Mountain  Campaign  (1780)  ;  and  his  influence  was  potent 
in  counteracting  British  intrigues.  In  1789  he  resigned  his 
office.  Retiring  to  Virginia  he  served  in  the  legislature, 
where  he  aided  Madison  with  the  resolutions  of  1798;  he 
also  ran  the  boundary  line  between  Virginia  and  Tennessee 
(1800),  and  died  at  his  home  in  Henry  County,  Dec.  18, 
1808.  He  was  a  man  of  much  physical  and  mental  vigor  a 
born  leader,  brave  to  a  fault,  and  devotedly  served  by  his 
friends.  See  letters  of  his  sons  in  Draper  MSS.,  3XXi3,  18, 
29;  8ZZ2.— ED. 

65 This  letter  is  undated;  but  a  comparison  with  Flem 
ing's  Journal  shows  that  the  message  was  received  from 
Dunmore  and  Stephen  the  morning  of  the  eighth.  Fleming1 
and  Stephen  had  campaigned  together  in  the  French  and 
Indian  War.— ED. 


AT  POINT  PLEASANT  237 

this  place  800  effective  R[ank]  &  File  the  most  of  them 
Woodsmen  well  Armed  &  such  as  may  be  depended 
on.     Our  rear  of  200  &  odd  men  are  within  60  miles 
of  us.     Officers  &  Attendants  are  not  included  in  the 
Above.     With  such  a  force  Colo  Stephens  would  the 
Shawnese  &  Mingoes  be  more  than  a  Breakfast.     We 
have  had  a  verry  fatiguing  march.     Our  horses  are 
wore  out.     Our  Canoes  are  sent  back  to  Elk  for  flower 
so  that  it  is  impossible  to  leave  this,  before  the  rear 
joins    us    with    Flower    &    Bullocks.     I    am    heartily 
sorry   it  is  inconvenient  for  the  troops  with  you  to 
meet  us  here,  as  it  may  be  Attended  with  disagreeable 
Consequences  both  from  the  reasons  above,  And  like 
wise  the  Officers  &  mens  being  sensible  that  they  are 
as  near  the  Shawnese  towns  or  perhaps  nearer  than 
at  Hockhocking.     They  look  on  the  Enemy  as  within 
their  grasp  and  though  marching  70  or  80  miles  out 
of  their  course  as  giving  the  Enemy  an  Opportunity 
to   Escape     They   likewise   know   the   mouth   of   the 
Kanhaway  to  be  a  considerable  pass  into  the  fron 
tiers  of  Augusta  Botetourt  &  Fincastle  and  deserting 
such  a  pass  or  neglecting  it  by  marching  up  the  river 
is    leaving    their    Friends    &    Families    exposed,    but 
still  they  are  willing  should  these  reasons  be  Over 
ballanced  [by]  others  of  more  weight  to  march  where 
ever  they  are  ordered.     But  Dr  Sir  I  am  Affraid  it 
would  blunt  the  keen  edge  they  have  at  present  which 
might  be  keept  sharp  for  the  Shawnese  &c :    I  am  con 
vinced  it  would  be  Attended  by  considerable  deser 
tions.     And  perhaps  raise  a  Spirit  of  Discontent  not 
easily  Queld  amongst  the  best  regulated  Troops,  but 
much  more  so  amongst  men  unused  to  the  Yoak  of 


238  D  UNM ORE'S   WAR 

Military  Discipline,  which  way  so  ever  we  march  be 
Assured  it  gives  me  the  greatest  Pleasure  to  have  the 
Honour  of  serving  under  His  Lordship  especially  as 
Colo  Stephens  will  be  with  us.  I  am  &c. 

W.  F. 


THE  FRONTIER  STILL  EXPOSED 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQii7-] 

ROYAL-OAK  Oct°.  9.  1774 

DEAR  SIR — Last  Thursday  Evening  the  Indians  took 
a  Negroe  Wench  Prisoner,  belonging  to  Capt.  Shelby 
within  300  Yds.  of  the  House.66  After  they  took  her 
some  distance  they  examined  her,  how  many  Guns  was 
in  the  Fort,  and  other  questions  relative  to  the  strength 
of  the  place.  They  also  asked  if  the  store  was  kept 
there  now. 

After  they  had  carryed  her  off  about  a  Mile,  they 
seen  or  heard,  a  Boy  coming  from  Mill,  they  imme 
diately  tyed  the  Wench,  and  went  off  to  catch  they 
Boy,  while  they  were  gone,  the  Wench  luckily  got 
loose,  and  made  her  escape;  She  says  they  knocked 
her  down  twice,  when  she  refused  to  tell  in  what  situ- 
tion  the  Fort  was,  and  she  says  One  was  a  large  Man 
much  Whiter  than  the  rest  and  talked  good  English. 
It  was  they  same  kind  of  a  person  Mr.  Blackmore  saw 
in  pursuit  of  the  Negroe  he  believed;  some  think 


66  Shelby's  house  was  on  the  site  of  Bristol,  Tenn.,  or  Sap 
ling  Grove,  as  it  was  called  in  frontier  times. — ED. 


THE  FRONTIER  EXPOSED 


239 


Capt.  John  Logan67  is  about  yet — others  that  it  is 
Will  Emery,  a  half  Breed  Cherokee  as  he  was  one 
mentioned  by  Shoat  that  was  out,  and  he  is  known  to 
be  for  some  time  past,  in  the  Shawanese  Interest  he 
was  the  Interpreter  when  Col.  Donelson  run  the  line, 
and  it  was  he  robed  Knox  &  Skeggs.68 


67  The  party   employed   in   this   marauding   expedition   was 
the  one  organized  by  Logan ;  see  his  message,  post. — ED. 

68  This  refers  to  the  plundering  of  the  Station  Camp  of  the 
Long  Hunters  (1771),  in  Green  County,  Ky.,  when  they  carved 
on  the  bark  of  a  tree,  "Fifteen  hundred  skins  gone  to  ruina 
tion."     Dr.  Draper  describes  this  event  in  Draper  MSS.,  36 
230-238 ;   he  also  gives   the   following  sketch   of   the   leaders. 
"Henry  Skaggs  and  brothers  were  a  noted  family  of  hunters, 
and  nothing  but  hunters ;  and  keeping  pace  with  the  advanc 
ing   settlements,   they  pushed    forward  to   Clinch   River,    and 
were  in   1777  a*  ^hadrack  White's    Station  in  the  neighbor 
hood   of   Maiden    Spring    Fork   of   Clinch.     In    1779,    Henry 
Skaggs,  accompanied  by  upwards  of  twenty  men,  started  for 
Kentucky,  were  attacked  by  Indians  in  Powell's  Valley,  lost 
part    of   their   horses,   when   all   returned,    save    Skaggs,    his 
son  John  a  mere  youth,  and   a  man  named    Sinclair.     With 
eleven  horses  they  went  to  the  Green  River  country  to  hunt, 
and    during    the    succeeding    hard    winter    Sinclair    got    lost, 
probably  drowned  in  Green   River,  and  young   Skaggs   sick 
ened  and  died,  and  amidst  the  severities  of  the  season  a  hol 
low  log  was  his  burial  place.     His   father  was  left  alone  to 
finish  the  hunt,  and  return  home  with  the  horses,  pelts  and 
furs.     He    settled    on    Pitman's    Creek    in    the    Green    River 
country,   within   the   present   Taylor   County ,   Ky.,    in     1789, 
with  his  children  and  connections  around  him,  snaring  freely 
in  the  Indian  difficulties  of  the  times;  and  there  he  died  in 
1808   or   '09,    aged    upwards   of   eighty   years.     Possessing   a 
large  and  bony   frame,   he  was  bold,   enterprising   and   fear 
less.     His  brothers  Charles  and  Richard  also  settled   in  that 
region,  lived  to  a  good  old  age." 

James  Knox,  a  native  of  Ireland,  served  as  a  scout  with 
Christian  in  1774,  headed  one  of  Morgan's  companies  of 
rifllemen  at  Saratoga  and  Stillwater,  and  retired  with  the 
rank  of  major.  After  the  Revolution  he  settled  in  Kentucky, 
married  the  widow  of  Benjamin  Logan,  and  died  in  1822, 
respected  and  wealthy. — ED. 


240  DUNM ORE'S   WAR 

Jno.  Young  came  here  last  night,  with  two  load  of 
flour  I  could  not  possibly  prevail  upon  him,  to  carry 
it  any  farther,  I  am  afraid  I  shant  get  a  Waggon 
for  two  or  three  days  to  carry  it  to  Reedy-Creek ;  at 
Blackmores  they  are  in  great  Want.  Mr.  Lewis  has 
not  sent  the  Skins  you  mentioned,  he  told  me  Crab- 
tree  had  disappointed  Capt.  Lewis  We  shall  try  to 
have  some  by  next  Waggons. 

I  am  informed  Capt.  Cocke  has  sent  Word  over  that 
he  is  likely  to  get  a  large  Company.  Pray  Write  me 
what  I  shall  say  to  him :  his  Public  Spirit  is  much 
talked  of  by  many  of  the  Inhabitants ;  indeed  the  want 
of  men  is  a  general  cry. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir  Yours  Respectfully 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 

P.  S.  By  the  letters  Mr.  Biddle  brought  me  last 
night  from  the  Mouth  of  Elk,  It  appears  that  it  is  Capt. 
Russell  &  Shelbys  intentions  to  come  home  by  the  way 
of  Kentucke,  and  they  have  appointed  to  meet  Mr. 
Boone  the  i5th.  of  November  at  the  mouth  of  Dicks 
River  with  Horses.  Please  let  me  know  whether  I 
shall  let  Boone  go  or  not.  What  would  you  think  of 
employing  Capt.  Cocke  that  way  as  he  is  so  hot  for 
the  fatigues  of  Marching. 

I  forgot  to  mention  Capt.  Thompson  was  on  his 
march  with  about  30  Men  near  Capt.  Cockes  when  he 
got  the  news  about  Shelbys  Wench,  perhaps  our 
sculking  Enemies  may  be  found  out  this  Week. 

Yours 

A.  C. 

To  Col°.  William   Preston.     On   his  Majestys   Service 


THE  FRONTIER  EXPOSED  241 

[Col.  William  Preston  to  Capt.  Daniel  Smith.    4XX44-] 

Octr.  9th.  1774 

DSAR  SIR — I  reed,  yours  by  Mr.  Kinkead  and  am 
really  concerned  for  the  distrest  situation  of  the  In 
habitants  on  Clinch  and  Holston.  I  would  to  God  it 
was  in  my  Power  to  give  them  such  Assistance  as 
their  Dangerous  Circumstances  Demand.  The  scar 
city  of  Men  as  well  as  Ammunition  is  very  Alarming. 
I  have  sent  24  men  out  of  Capt  Herberts  &  22  out  of 
Capt  Doacks  Companies  to  Major  Campbell;  I  have 
also  ordered  out  Capt.  Wilson  with  about  30  Pittsyl- 
vanians.  I  am  also  in  hopes  that  Mr  William  Doack 
and  one  Dougherty  will  take  out  upwards  of  20  men 
in  a  very  little  time. 

I  have  also  by  Mr.  Kinkead  given  express  Orders 
to  Capt.  Cloyd  to  draught  as  many  single  men  as  are 
in  his  Company,  and  get  as  many  married  men  as  are 
willing  to  go,  which  will  in  all  I  hope  be  above  twenty, 
&  either  to  send  an  Officer  or  march  them  out  himself 
to  Clinch  by  the  Way  of  Walkers  Creek,  &  to  be  dis 
posed  of  on  that  River  by  Major  Campbell  to  the  best 
Advantage  for  the  Defence  of  the  Inhabitants.  I 
shall  try  before  they  go  out  to  procure  two  Pounds  of 
Powder  to  send  with  them. 

On  hearing  of  the  late  Murders  on  your  Quarter  I 
sent  an  Express  to  the  President  Imploring  some  Re 
lief  for  this  County  particularly  in  the  Article  of  Am 
munition.69  I  also  wrote  to  the  merchants  at  Rocky 


69  Probably  this  is  the  letter  of  Preston  published  in  Amer. 
Archives,  i.  p.  808.     The  president    of    the    council    at    this 
time  was  Thomas  Nelson,  who  had  long  been  secretary  of 
16 


242  VUNMQRE'S  WAR 

Ridge  on  the  same  subject;  and  to  several  Gentlemen, 
particularly  Doctr  Walker  and  Colo  Pendleton,70  but 
as  the  President  don't  Act  as  Commander  in  Chief 
while  the  Governor  is  in  the  Colony  I  expect  the  Ex 
press  will  be  detained  untill  to  morrow  that  the  Coun- 


that  body.  He  was  younger  brother  of  William,  former 
president  of  the  council,  and  uncle  of  Thomas,  signer  of  the 
Declaration  ol  Independence.  Secretary  Nelson  was  born 
in  Yorktown  in  1716,  and  died  at  the  same  place  in  1782. 
He  was  leader  of  the  moderate  party  among  the  Virginia 
patriots,  and  received  forty-five  votes  in  the  convention  that 
elected  the  first  governor  of  Virginia ,  being  defeated  by 
Patrick  Henry.  Too  old  for  military  service,  he  sent  three 
sons  into  the  Revolutionary  army. — ED. 

70  Dr.  Thomas  Walker  was  born  in  King  and  Queen 
County  in  1715,  and  educated  for  a  physician.  In  1748  he 
became  interested  in  Western  lands,  and  accompanied  Pat- 
ton  and  Buchanan  into  southwest  Virginia,  an  expedition 
resulting  two  years  later  in  further  exploration  beyond  the 
Alleghanies;  at  which  time  Cumberland  Mountains,  Gap  and 
River,  and  Kentucky  River  were  named.  In  the  French  and 
Indian  War,  Dr.  Walker  acted  as  commissary  with  the  rank 
of  major;  in  1768  he  was  Virginia  commissioner  at  the  Treaty 
of  Fort  Stanmx,  and  several  times  served  in  similar  capa 
cities.  An  ardent  Whig,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Revolu 
tionary  committee  and  that  of  safety,  and  later  (1777),  of  the 
council  of  state,  and  the  general  assembly  (1782).  He  was 
much  interested  in  science,  and  is  said  to  have  stimulated 
Jefferson's  interest  in  scientific  pursuits  and  Western  dis 
covery.  Dr.  Walker  died  (1794)  at  his  estate  of  Castle  Hill, 
in  Albemarle  County,  where  his  descendants  still  reside. 
See  "First  Exploration  of  Kentucky,"  in  Filson  Club  Papers, 
No.  13,  for  further  details  of  Dr.  Walker's  career. 

Col.  Edmund  Pendleton  was  born  in  Caroline  County,  Va., 
in  1721  and,  although  having  but  few  early  advantages,  by 
sheer  force  of  ability  rose  to  the  front  rank  of  Virginia 
statesmen.  He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  as  early  as 
1752,  and  in  almost  continuous  public  service  until  after  the 
ratifying  convention  of  1788 ,  whose  presidency  he  held. 
Preston  wrote  to  him  as  a  county-lieutenant  for  Caroline,  to 
which  office  he  had  been  appointed  in  1774.  It  would  ap 
pear  that  Preston  was  ignorant  of  his  absence  in  Philadel 
phia  as  one  of  the  Virginia  delegation  to  the  first  continental 
congress. — ED. 


THE  FRONTIER  EXPOSED 


243 


cil  meets,  when  I  have  the  greatest  hopes  something 
will  be  done  for  our  Defence ;  and  that  without  loss  of 
Time.  I  shall  endeavour  all  I  can  to  get  a  fe\v  men 
to  Garrison  the  Important  Pass  at  Culberson^  Bottom 
&  if  I  succeed  therein,  I  will  order  the  Party  there  to 
your  Assistance.  This  is  all  I  can  do  if  my  own  Fam 
ily  was  at  any  one  Fort  on  your  River,  and  each  of 
my  sisters  Families  at  the  others. 

If  any  Method  could  be  fallen  on  to  enable  the  In 
habitants  to  secure  their  Crops  it  would  be  carrying  a 
great  Point;  as  the  loss  of  them  must  undoubtedly 
Ruin  the  People.  If  Mr.  Cloyd  sends  the  men,  I  hope 
it  will  be  a  good  step  toward  it. 

I  can  by  no  means  be  of  Opinion  that  the  Cherokee 
Nation  are  engaged  some  straggling  fellows  of  them 
may  have  Joined  a  Party  of  Shawnese  who  were  lately 
at  their  Town,  in  committing  the  late  Murders  &  Rob- 
erries.  Nor  can  I  think  the  Ohio  Indians,  if  they 
intend  to  defend  their  Country  at  all,  can  spare  any 
Number  to  annoy  us  this  season,  at  least  till  the  mat 
ter  is  tryed  with  the  Army,  the  greatest  part  of  which 
is  at  the  mouth  of  New  River,  before  this  time. 

I  make  no  Doubt  of  your  doing  all  in  your  Power 
for  the  Ease  &  Defence  of  the  People,  in  which  laud 
able  Business  may  Heaven  succeed  your  Endeavours. 

I  am  Dr  Sir  your  affectionate  &  very  h'ble  servt 

WM.  PRESTON 

On  His  Majesty's  Service    To  Cap*.  Daniel  Smith 


244  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

fMaj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQn8.] 

ROYAL-OAK  Ocf.  I2th.  im. 

Yesterday  your  letter  by  Mr.  Cummins  and  instruc 
tions  by  John  Kinkead  came  to  hand ;  which  Instruc 
tions  I  will  strictly  adhere  to,  as.  far  as  I  think  your 
general  intentions  for  the  protection  of  the  whole 
Frontier  will  anywise  admit. 

Yesterday  also  I  had  an  Express  from  Clynch,  with 
the  following  intelligence.  Thursday  ye.  6th.  Ins.  at 
Blackmores  one  Deal  Carter  was  killed  and  Scalped 
within  55  Steps  of  the  Fort.  Mr.  Anderson  who  had 
a  man  with  him,  fired  at  the  Indian  as  he  was  Scalping 
the  Man  killed,  while  the  other  Man  shot  at  another 
Indian.  The  Indians  fired  several  shots  at  Anderson 
&  the  other,  when  they  fired  off  the  Bastion  at  them. 
The  Indians  had  like  to  done  Andersons  Job,  having 
struck  into  the  stockade  a  few  Inches  from  his  Head. 

Evidently  the  indians  intentions  was  to  have  made 
a  bold  push  to  enter  the  Fort  as  the  People  was 
ch[i]efly  all  some  distance  away  from  the  Gate  upon 
Logs,  the  Enemy  it  seems  had  silently  crept  along 
under  Bank  of  the  River  completely  out  of  view,  until 
poor  Carter  discovered  them,  he  immediately  com 
menced  hallooing  Murder;  one  Gun  fired  and 
missed — another  shot  him  thro  the  Thigh,  but  not 
mortal,  he  could  not  Escape,  as  he  was  too  lame :  One 
fellow  more  bold  than  the  rest,  soon  ran  up  and  toma- 
haked  and  scalped  him,  the  remainder  of  the  enemy 
escaped  at  the  distance  of  about  loo  Yds.  and  fired 
as  mentioned  before. 


THE  FRONTIER  EXPOSED  245 

The  next  day  Capt.  Smith  came  to  Blackmores  witri 
a  party  of  30  men  in  connection  with  Boon;  The 
Night  afterwards  they  had  Six  horses  out  of  Seven 
taken  out  (by  the  Indians)  of  a  small  inclosure,  which 
the  Fort  Walls  made  part,  the  next  Morning  early 
Captn.  Smith  &  Boon  set  out  with  26  choice  Hands 
greatly  anxious  to  proceed :  they  found  some  footing 
and  Horse  tracts  not  far  distant  from  the  Fort,  which 
I  hope  they  will  be  able  to  trace  &  enable  them  to  over 
take  the  Enemy;  Mr.  Anderson  also  informs  me,  that 
an  Indian  was  seen  behind  a  Smith  Shop  at  Blackmores 
Sunday  Qth.  at  break  of  Day.  This  unlucky  affair 
happened  when  there  were  but  few  men  in  the  Fort 
and  Capt.  Looney  happened  to  be  in  this  settlement, 
&  Lieut.  Cox  had  not  got  out.  It  is  remarkable  that 
Capt.  Shelbys  Wench  was  taken  the  Same  day,  and 
about  the  same  time  of  the  Day,  that  this  affair  hap 
pened  on  Clinch:71  so  many  attacks  in  so  short  a 
time,  give  the  inhabitants  very  alarming  apprehensions ; 
Christian's  Fine  Stock  of  Cattle,  and  Horses  is  miss 
ing;  a  considerable  number  of  the  Cattle  and  Horses 
about  the  Fort,  is  either  killed  or  carryed  off;  Want 
of  Ammunition  and  scarcity  of  provisions  again  be 
come  a  general  Cry ;  Since  I  began  this  Letter  I  am 
mortified  with  the  Sight  of  a  Family  flying  by.  If 
Ammunition  don't  come  soon,  I  will  have  no  Argu 
ment  that  will  have  any  force  to  detain  them. 

If  our  Army  is  not  able  to  keep  a  Garrison  at  Point 
Pleasant  &  the  Falls  the  ensuing  Winter,  I  expect  we 
shall  be  troubled  with  similar  visits  the  greatest  part 


71  The  two  attacks  were  at  places  more  than  forty  miles 
apart. — ED. 


246  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

of  the  ensuing  Season.  It  is  more  than  probable  that 
all  these  late  attacks  were  made  by  the  Indians,  that 
fled  from  the  upper  Shawanese  town  observed.  I  ex 
pect  in  a  day  or  two  to  receive  Some  intelligence  from 
the  Cherokees,  as  the  messenger  was  expected  back 
Yesterday  at  from  that  quarter. 
I  am  Dear  Sir 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU,. 

P.  S.  I  have  sent  you  inclosed  Logins  Original 
Letter  which  came  to  hand  this  Day. 

A.  C. 

The  Words  of  the  Original  Letter.™ 

To  CAPTAIN  CRSSSAP — What  did  you  kill  my  people 
on  Yellow  Creek  for.  The  white  People  killed  my 
kin  at  Coneestoga  a  great  while  ago,73  &  I  though  [t 
nothing  of  that.]  But  you  killed  my  kin  again  on 
Yellow  Creek,  and  took  m[y  cousin  prisoner]  then  I 


72  This  is  a  contemporary  copy,  somewhat  torn,  apparently 
made  by   Colonel    Preston    from   the   original   letter   sent   to 
him  by  Major  Campbell;   it  is   upon   the   lower   half  of  the 
latter's   letter.     This    is,   probably,   the    most   authentic   tran 
script  of  this  well-known  document.     The  letter  was  written 
by  a  prisoner  named  William  Robinson,  who  was  captured 

on  the  Monongahela  July  12,  carried  to  the  Indian  towns, 
saved  from  the  stake  by  Logan,  and  adopted  into  an  Indian 
family.  For  his  deposition  in  regard  to  these  circumstances, 
see  American  Pioneer,  i.  pp.  14-16,  208;  or  Jefferson,  Notes 
on  Virginia  (later  editions),  appendix.  The  letter  was  left 
at  the  house  of  Roberts,  where  the  massacre  occurred  Sept. 
24th.  See  letters  of  Harry  Innes  and  Benjamin  Sharp,  op. 
cit.  Judge  Innes  has  evidently  confused  the  date  of  the  re 
ceipt  with  that  of  the  wriHng  of  the  letter.— ED. 

73  Logan  here  refers   to   what  was   known    as   the   Paxton 
riot    in    1763,    when    jtwenty    inoffensive    Conestoga    Indians 
were  killed  by  a  borfler  mob.     See  Parkman,  -Half  Century 
of~ConMct,  ii,  pp.  115-128— ED. 


THE  FRONTIER  EXPOSED  247 

thought  I  must  kill  too;  and  I  have  been  three  timefs 
to  war  since  but]  the  Indians  is  not  Angry  only  my 
self. 

CAPTAIN  JOH[N  LOGAN] 
July  2ist.  Day. 


[Col.  William  Preston  to  Capt.  Joseph  Martin.     iXX4.] 

SIR — Yours  of  the  loth.  Instant  came  to  Hand  Just 
now.  I  have  for  several  Days  past  expected  a  Wag 
gon  Load  of  Flour,  of  which  I  should  have  endeav 
oured  to  contrive  you  a  Part ;  &  shall  do  it  as  soon  as 
it  comes.  In  the  Mean  Time  I  have  directed  the 
Bearer  to  endeavour  to  forward  two  or  three  Load 
from  Mr.  Thompsons  to  keep  you  doing.  I  have 
heard  that  there  are  several  Beeves  belonging  to  the 
Country  at  Wolf  Creek  on  the  West  side  the  River  and 
at  Rich  Creek.  I  heartily  wish  you  could  have  some 
of  them  drove  to  the  Fort  for  the  Use  of  the  Company. 
It  would  save  the  Country  a  great  deal  of  Expence, 
which  ought  to  be  strictly  taken  Notice  of.  These 
Beeves  if  they  cant  be  secured  now  will  I  doubt  be 
lost.  But  if  they  cant  be  found,  I  shall,  as  soon  as 
Mr.  Shannon  returns  from  Holston,  which  I  expect 
will  be  in  a  very  few  Days,  send  out  some  Beeves  for 
your  use.  I  beg  of  you  be  very  careful  in  giving  out 
the  Provisions  that  there  be  no  waste,  nor  no  Person 
fed  thereon  but  such  as  belong  to  the  Company  or  are 
employed  as  Expresses,  Drivers  or  the  like.  The 
orderly  Sergeant  should  make  Dayly  Returns  &  the 
Provisions  drawn  accordingly. 


248  DUN  MORE' S   WAR. 

I  make  no  Doubt  of  your  Care  and  Industry  to  Dis 
cover  the  Enemy.  I  know  you  have  made  Several 
long  fatiguing  Scouts  with  your  Men,  for  which  I  am 
much  obliged  to  you.  The  Pass  is  Important  &  I  am 
fully  Satisfied  you  will  do  all  you  can  to  Guard  it. 

I  have  ordered  the  Scouts  to  be  under  the  Direction 
of  Capt  Penn  &  in  his  Absence  to  be  under  your  Com 
mand;  should  any  of  them  Disobey  Orders,  or  be 
Refractory,  let  me  know  it ;  &  the  first  step  shall  be  to 
Appoint  another ;  &  the  next  will  be  to  give  him  a 
Sweat  for  his  Pay.  I  am  almost  Confident  William 
Me.  Mullen 

The  satisfaction  you  Express  on  the  Recovery  of 
my  Family  from  their  late  Distress,  is  most  thankfully 
received.  It  was  what  I  little  Expected  when  I  saw 
you  last  &  for  weeks  after. 

I  am  Dear  Sir  your  most  Obedt.  Servt. 

WM.  PRESTON 

i2«i.  OCR  1774 

On  His  Majesty's  Service  to  Cap*  Joseph  Martin  at  Cul- 
bersons  Bottom. 


[Capt.  Daniel  Smith  to  Col.  William   Preston.    3QQiiQ.] 

CASTLE'S  WOODS  i3tb   Octr.  1774 

DEAR  SIR — I  am  this  far  on  my  return  from  the 
lower  Settlement  to  the  head  of  the  river ;  Mr.  Boon 
can  inform  you  of  the  bad  success  we've  had  after  the 
inhuman  savages, — the  murders  they've  committed, 
and  the  mortification  we've  suffer'd  of  putting  horses 
into  a  Pen  adjoining  to  the  fort,  for  the  Indians  to 
take  away,  and  whose  trace  we  could  by  no  means  dis- 


THE  FRONTIER  EXPOSED  249 

cover.  I  shall  be  as  expeditious  as  possible  in  getting 
to  the  head  of  the  River  lest  they  should  invade  those 
parts  that  are  particularly  under  my  care. 

Whilst  I  was  in  the  lower  settlement  I  was  shown 
a  paper  signed  by  many  of  the  inhabitants  represent 
ing  their  situation  to  be  dangerous  because  they've 
been  so  irregularly  supply'd  with  the  number  of  men 
allotted  to  the  district;  and  also  requesting  you  [to] 
appoint  Mr.  Boon  to  be  a  Captain,  and  to  take  charge 
of  these  lower  forts,  that  so  he  may  be  at  liberty  to  act 
without  orders  from  Holston  captains  who  by  their 
frequent  absence  leave  the  inhabitants  sometimes  in 
disorder.  Instead  of  signing  this  paper  I  chose  to 
speak  my  sentiments  to  you  concerning  Mr.  Boon  and 
the  paper  which  I  suppose  he  will  shew  you.  As  to 
the  paper  I  believe  it  contains  the  sense  of  the  major 
ity  of  the  inhabitants  in  this  settlement.  Mr.  Boon  is 
an  excellent  woodsman.  If  that  only  would  qualify 
him  for  the  Office  no  man  would  be  more  proper.  I 
do  not  know  of  any  Objection  that  could  be  made  to 
his  character  which  would  make  you  think  him  an 
improper  person  for  that  office.  There  may  be  pos 
sibly  be  some  impropriety  in  it  Because  of  Capt.  Rus 
sell  when  he  returns,  but  of  this  you  are  much  the  best 
judge. 

I  am  in  great  haste  but  am  Dr  Sir  with  much  es 
teem  Your  very  humble  Serv. 

DAN  SMITH 

To  Co1.  William  Preston,  at  Smithfield 


250  'DUNMORE'S  WAR 

{Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi23.] 

[Oct.  13,  1774] 74 

DEAR  SIR — As  Mr.  Boon  is  to  be  the  Bearer  hereof 
lie  can  inform  you  particularly  of  the  News  this  Way. 

You  will  see  by  the  inclosed  your  Old  acquaintance 
Wm.  Poage  wants  a  Commission,  he  now  acts  as 
Serjeant  at  Fort  Preston  I  believe  he  is  a  fit  Man 
enough  on  many  accounts  for  to  be  an  officer;  which 
I  would  be  glad  you  could  gratify  him  with  if  it  don't 
interfere  with  others  already  appointed,  which  I  am 
afraid  it  will,  as  either  Vance  or  Capt.  Looneys  En 
sign  is  int.nded  for  that  Station,  I  wish  Mr.  Boons 
application  or  rather  ye.  people  for  him  may  not  have 
a  similar  tendency.  I  think  it  is  men,  and  not  par 
ticular  Officers,  they  stand  in  most  need  of.  This 
much  I  am  informed  that  it  was  not  proposed  by  Mr. 
Boon  for  to  Petition  you  as  they  do;  But  it  arose 
from  a  notion  that  a  distant  Officer  would  not  be  so 
particularly  interested  for  their  safety  as  he  who  lives 
among  them.  And  some  disgust  at  Capt.  L,ooney  for 
being  away  at  home  the  time  of  the  late  alarm,  which 
he  pleads  in  excuse  that  he  wanted  to  see  to  the  safety 
of  his  own  Family,  when  Roberts  was  Killed  in  his 
Neighbourhood. 

Mic.  Dougherty  was  here  Yesterday  and  complains 
about  some  Men  that  is  stationed  at  Herberts  who 
when  he  drafted  them  went  there  for  an  Excuse.  It 
seems  Mic.  is  in  the  right  certainly  there  is  no  need 


74  This  letter  is  undated,  but  was  doubtless  sent  at  the 
same  time  as  Capt.  Daniel  Smith's.  Boone  being  the  bearer 
of  both.— ED. 


THE  FRONTIER  EXPOSED  251 

yet  for  Men  at  that  place,  his  party  is  only  Seven 
and  himself  which  I  have  sent  to  Reedy  Creek  to 
asist  as  Guards  in  carrying  out  Flour  to  Clinch. 

Please  Send  me  a  News  Paper  or  two.     I  have  sent 
by  Mr.  Boon  one  perhaps  you  have  not  seen. 

I  am  Sir  Your  very  Humble  Servt. 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 

To  Col°.  William  Preston,     pr.  R  of  Mr.  Boen 


(Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi20.] 

Octr.  13th.  1774 

DEAR  SIR — I  have  just  Received  an  Express  from 
Capt.  Cocke,  That  an  Indian  was  seen  Tuesday  about 
Sun-Set  near  Benjamine  Logans.  And  that  he  went 
out  with  a  party  Yesterday  Morning  to  make  discov 
eries,  and  near  the  place  the  Indian  was  seen  the 
Evening  before,  he  observed  a  Man  run  into  a  thicket, 
which  He  followed,  but  could  not  come  up  with,  But 
found  several  Mockison  tracts. 

This  Day  Ensign  Armstrong  of  Capt.  Wilsons 
Compy.  with  22  Men  left  this  place  one  half  of  which 
is  to  stop  at  Mr.  Cummins  and  the  other  to  proceed 
about  10  Miles  lower  to  one  Fulkisons  where  there  is 
a  Number  of  People  Assembled,  also  Seven  Men 
from  Capt.  Crockets  Company,  which  I  have  directed 
as  low  as  Kings  Mill  where  Lieut.  Christian  is  sta 
tioned;75  which  place  I  am  obliged  to  make  use  of  as 


75  Belonging  to  a  collateral  branch  of  the  family  of  Col. 
William  Christian.  Gilbert,  son  of  Robert,  was  born  about 
1734.  Settling  in  the  Holston  country,  he  commanded  a  com 
pany  on  the  Cherokee  campaign  (1776),  on  the  Chickamauga 


252 


DUNM  ORE'S   WAR 


a  Store-House,  from  whence  the  flour  is  Packed  to 
Blackmores,  by  the  way  of  Mockison  Gap. 

Capt.  Cocke  also  mentions  that  no  Men  came  with 
him  from  Carolina.  But  that  he  expects  one  Colo. 
Walker,  will  send  20  or  30  in  to  him  this  Week.  And 
he  Demands  of  me  positive  Instructions  what  he  shall 
do  with  them,  when  they  come.  Please  write  the 
Gentleman  yourself. "  I  imagine  if  any  Men  should 
come  they  wont  have  any  objection  to  serve  under 
Virginia  Officers. 

If  the  Enemy  keeps  alarming  the  Inhabitants,  as 
they  have  done  for  some  time  past;  we  shall  be  hard 
put  to  it,  to  save  the  Crops  of  Corn.  I  wish  that  Capt. 
Pens  Company  was  on  the  Head  of  Clinch.  Then 
Capt.  Smith  could  be  removed  to  Elk-Garden  where 
he  would  be  convenient  to  assist  either  way;  which 
might  be  very  serviceable  as  he  is  a  diligent,  Active 
Officer. 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  Servant 

ARTHUR  CAMPBEU, 

P.  S.  I  had  to  send  some  of  the  Men  down  without 
a  Single  Shoot  of  Powder.  Please  inform  Mr.  Bu 
chanan  that  our  Salt  is  near  out. 

Yours  A.  C. 

On  his  Majestys  Service.  To  Col.  William  Preston,  pr. 
Mr.  Anthony  Head 


expedition  (1779),  and  at  King's  Mountain  (1780).  He 
was  prominent  in  the  State  of  Franklin,  and  acted  as  colonel 
in  the  Cherokee  War  (1788).  He  died  at  Knoxville  in 
November,  1793.  King's  Mill  station  was  at  the  mouth  of 
Reedy  Creek,  on  the  site  of  the  present  Kingsport,  Sullivan 
County,  Tenn. — ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  253 


FLEMING'S  ACCOUNT   OF  THE  BATTLE  OF  POINT 
PLEASANT 

[Col.   Fleming  to  his  wife.    2ZZ6.]™ 

MY  DR  NANCY — I  take  this  Opportunity  to  write 
you  that  you  may  be  convinced  I  am  yet  amongst  the 
living  on  Munday  last,  we  were  Alarmed  by  some 
from  Camp  that  had  been  pursued  by  Indians,  on  the 
News  being  confirmed  150  from  Augusta  line  &  as 
many  from  the  Botetourt,  were  ordered  out.  we 
marched  in  two  Coltims  Colo.  Ch :  Lewis  led  the 
Augusta,  I  was  at  the  head  of  the  Botetourt  line  we 
had  not  march  [ed]  above  three  quarters  of  a  mile 
before  the  Right  line  or  Augusta  line  was  Attack'd 
&  in  a  second  of  time  the  Botetourt  line  likewise,  the 
fire  became  general  &  very  heavy.  Colo.  C.  Lewis  Re- 
ceivd  a  mortal  wound.  I  receivd  three  balls  two 
through  my  left  Arm,  &  one  in  my  left  breast,  but  I 
praise  the  Almighty,  I  did  not  fall  and  had  strength 
with  Assistance  to  reach  my  tent  where  I  heard  C[ol.] 
C.  Lewis  was  just  come  in  after  I  was  dresd  I  went 
to  see  him.  Colo.  Lewis  who  as  we  did  not  expect  a 
general  engagement  was  in  Camp  behaved  with  the 
greatest  Conduct  &  prudence  and  by  timely  &  Oppor 
tunely  supporting  the  lines  secured  under  God  both 
the  Victory  &  prevented  the  Bnemys  Attempts  to 


76  This  is  the  first  letter  published  by  us,  written  by  a  par 
ticipant  in  the  battle.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  it  was 
penned  by  one  of  the  badly  wounded  officers.  Although  his 
left  arm  was  shot  in  two  places  and  he  was  wounded  in  the 
breast,  the  handwriting  is  clear  and  firm.— -ED. 


254 


DUNMORE'S    WAR 


break  into  Camp77  it  was  a  hard  fought  Battle, 
lasted  from  7  in  the  Morning  to  an  hour  by  sun  the 
Indians  were  computed  at  1000.  but  for  a  perticular 
Acct  I  must  referr  you  to  another  time.  I  Bless  God 
my  wounds  are  in  a  good  way.  if  it  please  God  to 
spare  me  I  propose  coming  in  to  the  Inhabitants  the 
first  Opportunity.  I  am  my  Dr  Nancy  Yours  &. 

WM  FLEMING 
Octobr.  13.  1774 

Richd  Wilson  &  Smith  are  both  well  Attend  me 
Closely  &  will  Return  with  me  God  willing 


[Col.  William  Fleming  to  William  Bowyer.    2ZZ7.]™ 

DB  WILL — Agreeable  to  my  Last  from  Belmont,  I 
set  out  on  Monday  Aug.  2ist.  and  without  any  thing 
Remarkable  Reached  this  place,  ye  6th  Inst.  where 
we  continued  without  Interruption  till  Monday  the 
loth,  when  about  Sunrise  we  had  intelligence  of  a 
Man  being  kild  &  several  closly  pursued,  by  a  large 
party  or  parties  of  Indians.  Colo  A :  Lewis  ordered 
300  Men  from  the  two  Lines  of  Augusta  &  Botetourt 
Forces  to  go  in  Quest  of  the  Enemy,  little  Imagining 


77  This  is  valuable  testimony  to  Col.  Andrew  Lewis's  mili 
tary  conduct  in  the  battle.     By  some  of  the  ignorant  back 
woodsmen,  he  was  accused  of  cowardice  because  he  did  not 
in  person  lead  the  line  of  battle  against  the  enemy. — ED. 

78  This  letter  is  undated,  but  we  have  included  it  with  Flem 
ing's  letter  to  his  wife.     The  Bowyers  were  a  family  of  Au 
gusta  pioneers  supposed  to  be  of  French  origin.     William  was 
a  brother-in-law  of  Fleming,  and  served  his  term  as  militia 
officer;  both  in  1776  and  1781  he  was  a  lieutenant-colonel.     He 
died  at  Staunton  about  1808. — ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE 


255 


as  we  afterwards  found  it  to  be  the  Case  that  we  were 
to  engage  the  whole  United  Force  of  the  Knemy  Ohio 
Indians,  we  Marched  from  Camp  in  two  lines  Colo. 
Charles  Lewis  led  the  Right  line.  I  led  the  left, 
about  3/4  of  a  mile  from,  Camp,  the  Indians  began 
the  Attack  on  the  right  &  in  a  Second  of  time  the 
Left  line  was  Attacked.  I  must  refer  you  to  per- 
ticular  Accounts  of  which  no  doubt  you  will  see  sev 
eral,  and  only  Observe  generals,  as  I  am  ill  at  ease 
to  write,  soon  after  or  in  the  first  Fire  Colo.  C.  Lewis 
received  a  Mortal  wound,  and  was  brought  to  his  tent 
with  some  Assistance,  he  died  a  few  hours  after, 
very  much  Regretted  by  the  whole  Army  much  about 
or  soone  after  this  hapned  on  the  Right,  I  receivd 
three  balls  in  the  left  Line  two  struck  my  left  arm 
below  the  Elbow  broke  both  the  bones,  &  I  find  one 
of  them  is  lodged  in  my  arm.  a  third  entered  my 
breast  about  three  Inches  below  my  left  Nipple  and 
is  lodged  some  where  in  the  Chest,  on  finding  my 
self  effectually  disabled  I  quitted  the  Field,  when  I 
came  to  be  drest,  I  found  my  Lungs  forced  through 
the  wound  in  my  breast,  as  long  as  one  of  my  fingars. 
Watkins  Attempted  to  reduce  them  ineffectually,  he 
got  some  part  returned  but  not  the  whole,  being  in 
considerable  pain,  some  time  afterwards,  I  got  the 
whole  Returned  by  the  Assistance  of  one  of  my  Own 
Attendants,  since  which  I  thank  the  Almighty  I  have 
been  in  a  surprizing  state  of  ease.  Nor  did  I  ever 
know  such  daingerous  wounds,  Attended  with  so  little 
inconvenience,  and  yet  the  wounds  in  my  arm  are  in 
a  bad  condition,  they  do  not  digest  and  run  but  verry 
little,  what  will  be  the  consequence  as  yet  I  know 


256  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

not,  but  I  write  you  circumstantially  that  you  may 
if  it  is  not  too  much  trouble,  write  perticularly  to  my 
wife.  We  had  7  or  800  Warriors  to  deal  with. 
Never  did  Indians  stick  closer  to  it,  nor  behave  bolder, 
the  Engagement  lasted  from  half  an  hour  after  [sun 
rise],  to  the  same  time  before  Sunset.  And  let  me 
add  I  believe  the  Indians  never  had  such  a  Scourging 
from  the  English  before,  they  Scalpd  many  of  their 
own  dead  to  prevent  their  falling  into  Our  hands, 
burried  numbers,  threw  many  into  the  Ohio  and  no 
doubt  carried  off  many  wounded.  We  found  70 
Rafts,  we  tooke  18  or  20  Scalps,  the  most  of  them 
principle  Warriors  amongst  the  Shawnese  &c,  as  we 
were  informed  by  One  McCulloch79  who  came  to  us 
from  his  Lordship  two  days  after  the  Ingagement, 
who  viewed  the  Scalps  &  bodies  &  personally  Knew 
them  he  says  there  is  not  a  Noted  Warriour  left 
amongst  the  Shawnese.  After  the  Ingagement  Colo 
Lewis  sent  off  some  Scouts  to  his  Lordship  two  of 
them  are  since  Returned.  His  Lordship  had  Marchd 
from  Hockhocking  where  he  had  been  in  Camp  for 
some  days,  he  was  joined  by  White  Eyes  the  Dela 
ware  who  told  his  Lordship  700  Warriors  were  gon 
to  the  South,  to  speak  with  the  Army  there.  &  that 
they  had  been  followed  by  another  Nation,  that  they 
would  begin  with  them,  in  the  morning  and  their  busi 
ness  would  be  over  by  Breakfast  time,  and  then 
they  would  speak  with  his  Lordship,  that  they  came 
fully  convinced  they  would  beat  us  I  think  is  certain. 


79  William  McCulloch,  a  prominent  Indian  trader,  probably 
the  same  who  later  became  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio.— ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE 


257 


they  cros'd  the  River  &  encamped  the  same  side  with 
us  the  Evening  before,  brought  over  with  them  their 
goods  Deer  Skins  &c :  took  no  pains  to  conceal  them 
selves,  And  were  boldly  Marching  to  Attack  Our 
Camp  when  we  met  them  Our  Camp  is  situate  on 
the  Junction  of  the  Kanhaway  &  Ohio  in  the  Upper 
fork  the  Enemy  in  expectation  of  forcing  us  into  the 
Ohio  had  lind  the  Opposite  bank  with  some  &  the 
lower  forks  likewise  was  not  neglected,  the  Enemy 
had  brought  their  boys  and  squaas  to  knock  us  in  the 
head  I  suppose,  but  God  disappointed  their  Savage 
presumption.  And  tho  Many  brave  Men  lost  their 
lives,  Yet  I  hope  in  its  consequences,  it  will  be  a  gen 
eral  Good  to  the  Country,  and  this  engagement  will  be 
long  Remembered  to  the  Memory  &  Honour  of  those 
who  purchased  the  Victory  by  their  deaths.  I  am  &c : 

\VM.  FLEMING 

Be  sure  to  write  my  wife  the  Substance  of  this,  or 
enclose  it  to  her. 

To  Mr.  William  Bowyer  Mercht  Stan  ton  pf  M'  Klenden- 
ning 


BATTLE  OF  POINT  PLEASANT    DESCRIBED  BY 
PARTICIPANTS 

[Capt   William  Ingles  to   Col.   William   Preston.    3QQi2i.] 

POINT  PLESENT  at  the  MOUTH  OF  CREATE  KANAWAY,  Octo 
ber  i 4*b  1774 

SIR — I  have  taken  this  first  Oppertunity  of  Inform 
ing  you  of  the  Particulars  of  Our  March  from  the 
Levels   to   this    Post      we   Marched   from   the   levels 
17 


258  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

the  1 2th  of  Septemr.  &  arrived  at  the  mouth  of 
Elk  the  24  of  sd  Month  where  we  Built  several  Canoes 
which  we  Loded  with  flower  and  swam  our  horses  and 
Bullocks  over  the  River  on  the  2d  of  Octobr  &  Con 
tinued  our  march  to  this  Post  without  aney  Molista- 
tion  from  the  Enemy  where  we  arrived  on  the  6th. 
and  Encamped  in  the  forks  of  the  river  where  we 
looked  on  ourselves  in  Safe  Possision  of  a  fine  En 
campment  and  thought  our  Selves  a  terror  to  all  the 
Indian  Tribes  on  the  Ohio  &  thus  Luld  in  saftey  till 
Sunday  the  Qth  &  after  hearring  a  Good  Sarman 
Preached  by  the  Revd.  Mr.  Terrey  went  to  Repose 
[witjh  Our  Cards  Properly  Posted  at  a  Distance  from 
the  camp  as  usual  little  Expecting  to  be  Attackd. 
by  any  Party  of  Enemy  as  we  looked  upon  them  to  be 
so  much  inferiour  to  us  in  Number,  but  they  takeing 
the  Advantage  of  the  Night  the[y]  Crossed  the  Ohio 
on  Rafts  &  Poisted  themselves  Within  one  mile  of  our 
Camp  where  the[y]  lay  till  morning  with  an  intent 
as  we  Suppose  to  force  our  Camp  had  not  Providence 
in  a  Partickular  manner  Interposed  in  our  behalf 
the[y]  ware  discovered  by  Some  of  our  hunting 
Partys  that  hapned  to  turn  out  that  Morning  Verry 
Early  and  one  of  Our  men  was  fird  upon  by  them  & 
Kild  and  one  of  them  Was  Kild  in  his  Place  that 
fireing  Alarmd.  the  Whole  Camp  and  two  Detach 
ments  was  Sent  out  of  a  hundred  &  fifty  each  the  one 
Commanded  by  Colo.  Charles  Lewis  of  Agustia  the 
Other  by  Colo.  William  Fleming  thefy]  soon  fell  in 
with  the  Enemy  &  a  hot  Engagement  Ensued  which 
Lasted  three  hours  Very  doubtfull  the  Enemy  being 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE 


259 


much  Suppirour  in  Number  to  the  first  Detachments 
Disputed  the  Ground  with  the  Greatest  Obstinacey 
often  Runing  up  to  the  Very  Muzels  of  our  Gunes 
where  the[y]  as  often  fell  Victims  to  thire  Rage 
Several  more  Detachments  being  Sent  from  the  Camp 
they  were  obligd  to  Give  Ground  which  the[y]  Dis 
puted  inch  by  inch  till  at  Lenth  the[y]  Posted  them 
selves  on  an  Advantagus  peese  of  Ground  Where 
the[y]  Continued  at  Shooting  now  &  then  untill  night 
putt  an  End  to  that  Tragical  Seen  &  left  many  a  brave 
fellow  Waltirring  in  his  Gore  we  had  the  Sattisfac- 
tion  of  Carr[y]ing  of  [f]  all  our  wounded  &  Kild  with 
Very  litle  Lose  of  Sculps  we  Sculped  20  of  them  on 
the  Field  several  the[y]  have  sculped  thimselves 
thire  wounded  the[y]  Carryed  of[f]  in  the  Night 
after  the  Battle  and  several  of  them  the  [y]  Dragd  into 
the  River  [Our]  Loss  of  Men  is  very  Considerable 
&  it  is  the  General  oppionon  of  All  the  OfHceours  and 
men  that  thire  Loss  is  Equle  if  not  Suppirour  to  Ours 
I  have  been  Partickular  in  Collecting  A  Catallogue  of 
the  Kild  &  Wounded  Which  I  have  sent  you  a  List  of 
I  am  Dr  Sir  Your  Humble  Servt 

W:  INGLES. 

To  Col.  William  Preston.    Fincastle    These 

Write  to  Jo  McMurtory  to  Send  in  Green  &  not  to 
Insist  on  the  Jobb  My  Sister  wants  him  to  put  in 
wheat.80 


80  This  postscript  is  in  a  different  handwriting  from  the 
letter.— ED. 


260  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

NEWS  OF  THE  BEAR  GUARD 

[Anthony  Bledsoe  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi22.] 

CAMP  UNION.  15th.  Octr.  1774- 

SIR — I  received  yours  of  the  8  Instant  &  am  ever 
oblig'd  to  you  for  your  Intelligence  &  more  so  for 
your  Perticular  ceare  of  the  frunteers  in  generall.  I 
communicated  your  Promise  to  Severall  men  at  this 
place  who  had  families,  who  Greatfully  Acknowledg'd 
the  favour  &  seem'd  Satisfy'd.  I  understand  by  Mr. 
Jones  that  he  see  a  Letter  at  your  House  that  was  left 
at  Roberts  Subscribed  by  one  Loggens  Directed  to 
Crissop  [Cresap].  There  is  two  young  men  now  in 
my  Company  that  says  they  know  one  Loggens  a  mixt 
breed  in  the  Shawonee  Nation,  one  of  whom  I  can 
Depend  on  the  Other  a  Stranger,  they  both  agree  in 
Sentament  as  to  Loggens  being  a  notoreous  Villion. 
I  received  a  letter  from  Colo.  Christian  of  the  6th.  Ult 
dated  at  the  Mouth  of  Elk  though  Nothing  Perticular 
happend  sence  his  departure,  he  had  Arived  at  Elk 
in  8  days  from  this  place,  next  day  cross  Elk  with 
the  fincastle  troops  for  the  mouth  of  the  new  river  with 
all  Possible  Despatch,  Colo.  Lewis  being  started  9  days 
before  him  by  some  Accounts  I  have  received)  Chris 
tian  informs  he  foufnd]  no  letter  at  the  Mouth  of 
Elk  nor  no  person.  I  last  night  got  Inteligence  from 
Colo.  Lewis  by  some  Desertters  who  say  the  Cannoose 
that  carried  down  the  floure  for  Colo.  Lewis  returnd 
to  Elk  last  Monday  night  &  that  there  was  no  Accounts 
from  the  Governer  at  the  Mouth  of  the  New  river.  I 
expect  an  express  every  Moment  if  anything  Perticu- 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE 

lar  shall  let  you  know  Colo.  Christian  informs  me  he\ 
had  sent  Express  to  Colo.  Lewis  which  he  expected 
would  be  back  at  the  Mouth  of  Elk  in  four  days  from 
the  6th  which  was  to  come  to  me  As  soon  as  possiable. 
Colo.  Slaughter  is  left  at  Elk  With  Several  Compenies 
till  further  Orders  I  purpose  starting  from  this  place 
Tomorrow  with  about  200  Horses  &  80  Cattle  &  hope 
to  reach  the  Mouth  of  new  River  in  12  days  if  the 
Weather  be  good,  it  Measures  103  Miles  from  this 
Camp  to  Elk.  Pray  should  you  have  any  Oppertunity 
Write  me  if  any  thing  happens  worthy  of  your  notice. 
Pray  write  to  my  Wife  to  Acquaint  her  that  I  &  my 
Company  are  in  health  &  purpose  marching  tomorrow 
as  the  Bearer  cannot  Wait  till  I  can  Write, 

I  am  your  most  Obedient  &  Sir  your  most  Hble 
Servt 

ANTHONY 

On  his  Majestys  Service    To  Col.  William  Preston. 


REPORT  FROM  BATTLEFIELD 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.]81 

CAMP  at  POINT  PLEASANT,  at  MOUTH  of  ye  GREAT  KANA- 
WHA.  isth  Oct.  1774. 

DEAR  SIR — I  have  been  enquiring  for  some  days 
for  an  opp'y  to  send  some  letters  to  Greenbryer,  as  I 


81  This  letter  is  printed  from  a  careful  draft  of  the  original, 
in  the  possession  of  M.  L.  Preston,  of  Marion,  Va.  We  are 
indebted  to  J.  T.  McAllister,  of  Hot  Springs,  Va.,  for  being 
placed  in  communication  with  the  Preston  family,  and  thus 
obtaining  this  draft  of  a  paper,  which  is  an  essential  link 
in  the  chain  of  documentary  evidence. — ED. 


262  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

wanted  to  write  to  you  and  some  other  friends.     I  can 
find  no  certain  one,  but  I  have  some  thought  that  some 
person  will  be  going  off  tomorrow  or  next  day  as  sev 
eral  talk  of  it.     About  one  hour  ago  Col.  Lewis  asked 
me  if  I  had  written  to  you,     I  told  him  I  had  not,  but 
would  this  evening.     He  desired  me  to  tell  you  that 
he  was  hurryed  and  that  my  letter  you  would  please 
to  accept  of  from  both ;  as  I  was  to  include  you  a  state 
of  the  battle  fought  here  on  Monday  the  loth  instant, 
which  I  will  do,     I  have  a  copy  ready  as  drawn  up  by 
Col  Lewis  himself,  from  which  you  can  have  an  idea 
of  it.82     I  will  also  inclose  you  a  state  of  the  killed 
and  wounded.     I  made  it  today  from  what  scattering 
accounts  I  could  gather.     I  have  been  through  all  the 
camps   and   believe   that   many   more   men   will    die. 
There  are  many  shot  in  two  places,  one  in  particular 
I  observed  with  two  bullits,  some  in  three.     They  are 
really  in  a  deplorable  situation,  bad  doctors,  few  medi 
cines,  nothing  to  eat  or  dress  with  proper  for  them 
makes  it  still  worse.     I  intended  being  here  on  Tues 
day,  but  on  Monday  evening  about  12  or  15  miles  off 
I  heard  they  were  fighting  and  reached  it  about  mid 
night.     The  cries  of  the  wounded  prevented  our  rest 
ing  any  that  night.     We  are  building  a  breastwork. 
The  Fincastle  men  have  just  finished  their  proportion 
and  I  hope  all  will  be  done  tomorrow.    We  should  have 
crossed  the  Ohio  for  the  Towns  ere  now,  but  we  must 
secure  our  wounded.     His  Lordship  was  to  march  with 
1200  men  last  Thursday  morning  for  the  Towns,  and 
wrote  to  Col.  Lewis  to  meet  him  about  20  miles  on  this 


82 This    is   the    report   accompanying    Shelby's    letter;    see 
post. — ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  263 

side  of  Chillicossee  at  a  large  ridge.  Chillicossee  lyes 
about  20  miles  farther  than  the  Towns  we  intended  for 
and  is  of  course  90  from  here,  our  pilot  says  100.  His 
orders  were  to  meet  next  Tuesday  at  noon,  that  we 
cant  do,  as  we  dont  propose  crossing  Ohio  before 
Monday,  perhaps  some  may  Sunday  in  the  night 
James  Fowler,  James  McAnore  and  Sam  Huff 
started  on  Wednesday  morning  from  here  with  an 
accofunt]  of  the  battle,  begging  him  to  fall  down  in 
his  vessels.  On  Thursday  morning  by  day  a  little 
Billey  Mann  and  some  others  who  had  been  sent  up  by 
land,  came  down  in  a  canoe,  with  the  Govr's  orders. 
I  mentioned  we  were  then  embarrased  not  knowing 
what  his  Lordship  would  do  on  hearing  how  we  were 
situated.  I  have  hopes  we  will  hear  from  him  Monday 
night,  Col  Lewis  thinks  Sunday  night.  If  no  accident 
happened  him,  he  would  be  gone  2  days  before  our 
scouts  got  to  his  Camp,  which  was  at  Heekhocking,  15 
miles  on  this  side  of  Little  Kanawha.  His  Lordship 
has  about  170  beeves,  250,000  of  flour  for  1300  men, 
about  loo  of  which  would  remain  at  Camp.  Tis  said 
that  he  had  about  30  pack  horses  to  take  and  that  he 
would  drive  with  him  100  beeves.  Perhaps  humanity 
will  induce  hkn  to  return  and  come  to  us  if  he  is  found 
but  a  little  way  off  as  Col.  Lewis  earnestly  begged  he 
would  do  so  by  Fowler.  But  should  he  not  our 
wounded  must  be  done  with  the  best  we  can — And  if 
we  dont  hear  more  from  him  before,  we  shall  march  on 
Tuesday  morning  with  about  12  days  provisions.  Tis 
said  the  Enemy's  whole  forces  and  families  are  assem 
bled  at  Chillicossee  where  they  have  homes  and  plenty 


264  DUNM ORE'S   WAR 

of  provisions — amunition  in  the  greatest  plenty  They 
have  cleared  the  weeds  and  bushes  to  a  great  distance 
around  Town.  Some  here  think  the  Govr's  Army  will 
be  for  pushing  on  before  us,  some  that  they  will  join 
us  here  and  send  in  haste  to  tell  us  so.  Some  that  they 
will  stand  fast  until  we  are  as  far  forward  as  them. 
We  shall  cross  with  some  more  than  1000  men,  to- 
wit: — abt.  400  Augusta,  320  Bot[etourt],  Abt.  320 
Fincastle  and  leave  between  two  and  three  hundred 
here.  All  of  us  that  does  return  home  I  think  will  do 
it  in  Novr.  Mann  says  that  he  had  persuaded  the 
Govr.  to  come  here,  but  Major  Connelly  prevented  it. 
From  what  I  can  gather  here  I  cannot  describe  the 
bravery  of  the  enemy  in  the  battle.  It  exceeded  every 
mans  expectations.  They  had  men  planted  on  each 
river  to  kill  our  men  as  they  would  swim  over,  making 
no  doubt  I  think  of  gaining  a  complete  victory. 
Those  over  the  Ohio  in  the  time  of  battle  called  to 
the  men  to  "drive  the  white  dogs  in."  Their  Chiefs 
ran  continually  along  the  line  exhorting  the  men 
to  "lye  close"  and  "shoot  well",  "fight  and  be  strong". 
At  first  our  men  retreated  a  good  ways  and  until 
new  forces  were  sent  out  on  which  the  enemy  beat 
back  slowly  and  killed  and  wounded  our  men  at  every 
advance  Our  people  at  last  formed  a  line,  so  did 
the  enemy,  they  made  may  attempts  to  break  our 
lines,  at  length  our  men  made  a  stand,  on  which  the 
enemy  challenged  them  to  come  up  and  began  to 
shoot.  I  conclude  a  few  of  their  braves  did  that  as 
in  their  rear  [blank  in  MS.]  It  was  supposed  sev 
eral  hundred  Tomhake  [tomahawks]  were  employed 
in  cutting  saplins  to  take  off  their  wounded.  Our 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  265 

men  could  have  forced  them  away  precipitately  but 
not  without  great  loss,  and  so  concluded  to  maintain 
their  ground  all  along  the  line.  Which  they  did  until 
Sundown,  when  the  enemy  were  supposed  to  be  all 
gone.  Our  people  then  moved  backward,  scalping  the 
enemy  and  bringing  in  the  dead  and  wounded. 

The  enemy  came  over  on  rafts  about  six  miles  up 
Ohio  &  set  at  the  same  place.  They  encamped  within 
two  miles  of  this  place  the  nigtit  before  the  battle  and 
killed  some  of  our  beeves,  their  loss  I  think  is  great. 
Late  in  the  evening  they  called  to  our  men  that  to 
morrow  they  wd  have  2000  men  for  them,  to  fight  on 
for  they  had  noo  men  as  well  as  them.  They  damnd 
our  men  often  for  Sons-of-Bitches,  said  "Don't  you 
whistle  now"  (deriding  the  fife)  and  made  very  merry 
about  a  treaty. 

Ch.  Lewis  was  shot  in  clear  ground  as  he  had  not 
taken  a  tree  while  speaking  to  his  men  to  come  on 
He  turned  and  handed  his  gun  to  a  man  and  walked 
to  Camp  telling  the  men  as  he  passed  along  "I  am 
wounded,  but  go  you  on  and  be  brave" 

Col.  Field  was  killed  behind  a  great  tree,  looking 
for  an  Indian  who  was  tal[k]ing  to  amuse  him  whilst 
some  others  were  above  him  on  his  right  hand  among 
some  loggs,  who  shot  him  dead. 

Col.  Flemming  was  shot  with  three  balls,  two  in  the 
left  arm  and  one  in  the  left  breast,  while  speaking  to 
his  divission  in  a  peace  of  clear  ground,  with  great 
coolness  and  deliberation  he  stept  slowly  back  and  told 
them  not  to  mind  him  but  to  go  up  and  fight. 

Poor  Col.  Lewis  soon  after  he  reached  the  camp 
died  &  I  fear  poor  Flemming  will.  I  hope  and  fear 


266  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

for  him  may  times  in  ye  day.  His  loss  here  is  irre- 
prable,  If  Col.  Thomas  don't  come  down  with  medi 
cines, 

Col.  Lewis  wrote  his  Lordship  who  had  informed 
-him  he  would  have  "all  requisites"  he  was  begged 
for  medicines  and  a  surgeon.  We  have  Watkins  here. 
I  wish  you  would  write  P.  Henry  if  you  can  have  an 
Opp'y  something  about  ye  battle,  as  I  want  my  dear 
wife  to  know  that  I  am  well. 

God  Bless  you  &  yours,  I  am  your  very  well  wisher. 

WM.  CHRISTIAN. 

P.  C.  1 6.  Poor  Flemming  seems  like  living  to 
day,  has  some  hopes  that  the  ball  was  far  spent  and 
has  not  gone  far  through  his  body.  He  got  up  just 
now  and  seems  hearty.  Yesterday  we  gave  him  over 
for  lost  If  he  mends  fast  he  can  see  to  nursing  ye 
wounded  soon,  It  is  getting  dark 


FLOYD'S  ACCOUNT 

[Capt.  John  Floyd  to  Col.  William  Preston.    33844-49.] 

MOUTH  OF  THE  GREAT  KANHAWA,  Oct.  16,  1774. 

MY  DI}AR  SIR — I  have  heard  for  some  days  past 
that  there  was  some  person  going  into  the  inhabitants ; 
I  have  gone  through  the  camp  to  find  an  opportunity 
of  sending  you  a  few  lines,  but  I  don't  yet  know  of  any 
sure  of  going. 

I  think  I  wrote  you  by  Vance  the  time  we  marched 
from  the  Levels;  we  went  on  without  loss  of  time  & 
-arrived  at  the  mouth  of  Elk  in  eight  days,  where  we 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  267 

understood  Col.  Lewis  with  all  the  troops  had  set  out 
for  this  place  five  days  before.  Col.  Christian  thought 
it  necessary  for  Col.  Slaughter  with  all  the  Lowlanders 
to  wait  at  Elk  for  the  return  of  the  canoes  which  took 
down  flour  for  the  advanced  party,  &  to  guard  the 
flour  left  there  by  us,  as  all  the  pack-horses  were  dis- 
loaded  at  Elk. 

As  Col  Christian  had  no  instructions  left  at  Elk 
how  to  act,  and  as  he  had  before  marched  from  the 
Levels  sooner  than  his  orders  allowed  him,  he  thought 
proper  to  send  down  the  scouts,  Knox,  Smith  &  two 
others,  to  see  how  things  stood,  and  at  the  same  time 
wrote  Col.  Lewis  he  should  follow  on  the  day  after 
they  left  him.  which  we  did  being  the  6th.  instant,  with 
about  350  beeves  and  left  24000^3  of  flour  with  Col. 
Slaughter  The  9th  about  12  o'clock  we  met  the 
sco'Jts  on  their  return,  with  a  letter  from  Col.  Lewis, 
directing  Col.  Christian  to  leave  50  beeves  at  Elk  for 
th^se  who  would  be  there  from  time  to  time;  &  that 
oui  junction  at  that  time  would  only  serve  to  eat  one 
another  up.  These  instructions  he  could  not  comply 
with,  without  sending  some  of  us  back;  he  therefore 
called  the  officers  together,  &  with  their  advice  thought 
proper  to  march  on  as  we  were.  The  tenth  in  the 
afternoon  about  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  from  the  Ohio, 
the  news  met  us  that  the  army  was  attacked  that  morn 
ing  early  by  a  large  body  of  Indians.  We  pushed  on 
and  got  in  about  midnight,  where  we  were  very  kindly 
received ;  and  I  imagine  if  our  number  had  been  dou 
ble  what  we  were,  we  should  not  have  been  complained 
of  for  that.  I  understand  we  were  much  prayed  for 
that  day  in  time  of  the  engagement.  Col.  Christian 


268  DUNM ORE'S   WAR 

has  wrote  you  so  full  about  the  battle,  and  enclosed 
you  a  list  of  the  killed  &c,  that  he  says  I  may  refer 
you  to  him  about  that.  I  will  just  mention  what  my 
opinion  is  about  some  things,  as  there  are  many  con 
jectures  with  regard  to  the  number  of  Indians  &c; 
some  think  eight  hundred,  some  one  thousand.  Col. 
Christian  and  the  party  which  marched  out  with  him 
went  up  the  Ohio  next  day,  as  it  was  said  they  in 
tended  to  fight  that  day  also;  and  in  searching  about 
&  seeing  the  track  the  Indians  made  and  the  rafts  they 
crossed  the  rivet  on,  it  is  my  opinion  there  were  not 
more  than  five  hundred  at  most,  but  they  fought  des 
perately,  I  believe,  &  retreated  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  carry  off  all  their  wounded  &  only  retired  to  a  thick 
place  where  there  had  been  a  town  &  damned  the 
white  men  for  sons  of  bitches,  to  come  on ;  which  they 
did  not  chose  to  do,  &  retreated  also.  It  really  appears 
to  me  to  have  been  partly  a  drawn  battle :  Some  gen 
tlemen  tell  me  it  appeared  doubtful  for  some  time,  and 
sure  it  is  that  our  men  drew  back  once  about  the  first 
of  the  engagement  far  enough  for  the  Indians  to  scalp 
three  of  our  men.  I  am  also  told  there  were  never 
more  than  three  or  four  hundred  of  our  men  in  action 
at  once,  but  the  trees  &  logs  the  whole  way  from  the 
camp  to  where  the  line  of  battle  was  formed,  served 
as  shelters  for  those  who  could  not  be  prevailed  on  to 
advance  to  where  the  fire  was. 

There  was  no  one  officer  who  had  his  own  men; 
there  were  first  300  sent  out,  some  from  each  company, 
and  when  they  found  there  was  fighting  enough  for 
the  whole,  it  was  impossible  for  the  officers  to  collect 
their  own  men  so  that  when  they  saw  any  doing  no 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  269 

good,  and  ordered  them  to  advance,  they  refused  and 
said  they  would  be  commanded  by  their  own  officers. 
Certain  it  is,  that  about  the  number  I  mentioned  & 
many  of  the  officers  fought  with  a  great  deal  of  cour 
age  and  behaved  like  heroes,  while  others  lurked  be 
hind  and  could  by  no  means  be  induced  to  advance  to 
the  front. 

Col.  Christian  has  told  you  all  that  is  to  be  done,  and 
also  about  the  Governor,  so  that  I  can  say  nothing  that 
will  give  you  more  knowledge  of  what  is  in  hand.  It 
is  the  opinion  of  many  who  pretend  to  be  judges,  that 
we  shall  have  fighting  enough  before  long. 

The  season  is  so  far  advanced,  I  imagine  I  shan't 
return  by  Kentucky  this  time;  if  I  don't,  I  shall  lose 
no  time  after  this  affair  is  over  in  returning  to  finish 
my  business  in  the  settlement,  if  I  live  to  return  at 
all;  and  will  ever  be,  my  dear  sir,  your  most  affec 
tionate,  and  obedient  servt.,  while 

JN.  FLOYD. 

Hope  to  have  a  line  from  you  before  long. 


SHELBY'S  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  BATTLE 

[Isaac  Shelby  to  John  Shelby.    7ZZ2..p3 

CAMP  OPPOSITE  TO  THE  MOUTH  OF  GREAT  CANAWAY    Octo 
ber  1 6th  1774 

DR.  UNCivE — I  Gladly  imbrace  this  oppertunity  to 


83  The  portion  of  this  letter  beginning  "For  the  satisfaction 
of  the  people  in  your  parts,"  and  ending  with  the  list  of  killed 
and  wounded,  may  be  considered  as  practically  the  official 
report  of  the  battle.  It  was  probably  drawn  up  by  Andrew 


270 


DUNM ORE'S    WAR 


Acquaint  You  that  we  are  all  three84  yet  alive  th[r]o 
Gods  Mercies  &  I  Sinceerly  wish  that  this  may  find  you 
&  your  Family  in  the  Station  of  Health  that  we  left 
you.  I  never  had  any  thing  Worth  Notice  to  quaint 
you  with  since  I  left  you  till  now,  the  Express  seems 
to  be  Hurrying  that  I  Cant  write  you  with  the  same 
Coolness  &  Deliberation  as  I  would;  we  arrived  at 
the  mouth  [of]  Canaway  Thursday  6th.  Octr.  and  in- 
campd  on  a  fine  piece  of  Ground  with  an  intent  to  wait 
for  the  Governor  &  his  party  but  hearing  that  he  was 
going  another  way  we  Contented  our  selves  to  stay 
there  a  few  days  to  rest  the  troops  &c  when  we 
looked  upon  our  selves  to  be  in  safety  till  Monday 
morning  the  loth  Instant  when  two  of  our  Compys. 


Lewis  (see  Prestons  letter  of  Oct.  31,  post)  and  copied  as 
desired  by  those  sending  word  to  the  inhabitants.  It  was 
printed  in  several  contemporary  newspapers,  even  so  far  away 
as  Belfast,  Ireland  See  Hale,  Trans- Allegheny  Pioneers,  pp. 
187-190.  In  1817  Charles  S.  Todd  sent  a  copy  to  Niles's 
Register,  which  appeared  in  volume  xii,  p.  145.  He  reports 
that  this  was  in  the  handwriting  of  Capt.  William  Russell, 
who  was  "the  best  scholar  in  camp."  This  was  reprinted  in 
Virginia  Historical  Register,  v,  pp.  191  - 193.  It  is  also  printed 
in  Amer.  Archives,  i,  p.  1016.  Roosevelt  (Winning  of  the 
West,  i,  pp.  225,  341-344)  gives  the  entire  letter  from  a  copy 
in  the  Campbell  MSS.  We  print  directly  from  the  origi 
nal.— ED. 

84  Capt.  Evan  Shelby,  and  his  two  sons,  Isaac  and  James — 
the  former  being  lieutenant  of  the  company.  Born  in  Mary 
land  in  1750,  Isaac  removed  to  Holston  in  1771,  and  this  cam 
paign  was  the  first  of  his  public  services.  The  following  year 
(1775)  he  surveyed  in  Kentucky  and  took  out  a  pre-emption 
right  to  a  farm  in  Lincoln  County,  where  he  finally  settled  in 
1782,  after  distinguished  services  against  the  British  in  North 
Carolina.  He  was  first  governor  of  Kentucky  (1792-96), 
and  served  again  in  that  capacity  during  the  second  war  with 
England  (1812-15).  He  refused  the  portfolio  of  war  under 
Monroe,  and  died  at  his  home  in  Kentucky  (1826).  His 
brother  James  was  born  in  1752,  and  killed  by  Indians  near 
Crab  Orchard,  Ky.,  in  1781.— ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE 


271 


went  out  before  day  to  hunt,  To  wit  Val.  Sevier  & 
Jas  Robison  &  Discovered  a  party  of  indians;85  as  I 
expect  you  will  hear  something  of  our  Battle  before 
you  get  this  I  have  here  stated  this  affair  nearly  to  you. 
For  the  Satisfaction  of  the  people  in  your  parts  in 
this  they  have  a  true  state  of  the  Memorable  Battle 
f  aught  at  the  mouth  of  the  great  Can  a  way  on  the  loth. 
Instant;  Monday  morning  about  half  an  Hour  before 
sunrise  two  of  Capt  Russels  Compy.  Discovered  a 
large  party  of  indians  about  a  mile  from  Camp  one  of 
which  men  was  killed  the  Other  made  his  Escape  & 
brought  in  his  intelligence  ;86  in  two  or  three  minutes 


85  According  to  the  reminiscences  which  Thomas,  son  of 
Isaac  Shelby,  related  to  Dr.  Draper  (188215),  James  Shelby 
was  ill  of  a  fever,  and  his  father  requested  these  two  friends 
to  "perch  a  turkey"  for  him,  early  on  the  morning  of  Oct.  10. 
In  so  doing  they  discovered  the  Indian  camp. 

Valentine  was  the  younger  brother  of  the  noted  Gen.  John 
Sevier.  Born  in  Rockingham  County  in  1747,  he  removed  to 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Shelbys  in  1773,  and  was  sergeant  in 
Evan  Shelby's  company.  He  served  in  the  Cherokee  cam 
paign  of  1776;  was  captain  in  that  of  Chickamauga  (1779), 
and  led  a  company  to  the  campaign  against  the  British  in 
North  Carolina  (1780),  which  culminated  in  the  battle  of 
King's  Mountain.  After  other  military  services,  in  which  he 
rose  to  the  rank  of  militia  colonel,  he  removed  to  Clarksville, 
Tenn.,  where  he  died  in  1800. 

Sevier's  companion-in-arms,  James  Robertson,  was  later 
the  "father  of  Middle  Tennessee."  He  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1742,  and  at  an  early  age  removed  to  North  Carolina, 
where  he  married  in  1768,  and  two  years  later  settled  on  the 
Watauga.  In  1778-79  he  explored  the  Cumberland  region, 
and  in  the  autumn  of  the  latter  year  led  out  a  party  that 
founded  Nashville.  For  many  years  thereafter,  Robertson  was 
employed  in  defense  of  the  new  settlement  and  in  treating 
with  the  Indians.  In  1812  he  was  appointed  agent  for  the 
Chickasaw,  and  died  at  the  agency  two  years  later.  In  1825, 
his  remains  were  removed  to  Nashville,  and  re-interred  with 
much  honor. — ED. 

86  These  were  Joseph  Hughey,  of  Shelby's  company,  and 
James  Mooney,  of  Russell's.  The  former  was  killed  by  a 


272  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

affter  two  of  Capt  Shelbys.  Compy.  Came  in  and  Con 
firmed  the  Account.  Colo.  Andrew  Lewis  being  In 
formed  thereof  Immediately  ordered  Colo.  Charles 
Lewis  to  take  the  Command  of  150  men  from  Augusta 
and  with  him  went  Capt.  Dickison.  Capt.  Harrison. 
Capt  Willson.  Capt.  Jno.  Lewis  from  Augusta  and 
Capt.  Lockrfdge  which  made  the  first  division87  Colo. 


white  renegade,  Tavenor  Ross,  while  the  latter  brought  the 
news  to  camp.  Mooney  was  a  former  neighbor  of  Daniel 
Boone,  upon  the  Yadkin  in  North  Carolina,  and  had  accom 
panied  him  upon  the  disastrous  Kentucky  hunting  expedition 
of  1769.  He  was  killed  at  Point  Pleasant.— ED. 

87  Col.  John  Dickinson  was  a  son  of  Adam,  a  pioneer  set 
tler  of  what  is  now  Bath  County,  Va.  He  served  actively 
on  the  frontier  during  the  French  and  Indian  War,  and  from 
his  fort  Arthur  Campbell  was  captured  (1751).  During  Pon- 
tiac's  War,  Dickinson  aided  in  a  retaliatory  pursuit  of  Corn 
stalk's  party,  after  the  massacre  of  Carr's  Creek.  In  1777 
a  raid  upon  the  Shawnee  towns  was  planned,  for  which  Dick 
inson  acted  as  colonel  from  Augusta  County.  This  was 
brought  to  naught  by  the  slaying  of  Cornstalk  in  the  fort  at 
Point  Pleasant.  Colonel  Dickinson  remained  one  of  the  dis 
tinguished  citizens  of  Bath  County,  until  his  death  in  1799. 
See  West  Virginia  Historical  Magazine,  ii,  p.  54- 

Capt.  Benjamin  Harrison,  son  of  Daniel,  belonged  to  the 
Rockingham  family  of  that  name,  founders  of  Harrisonburg. 
He  was  born  in  1741,  and  after  his  service  at  Point  Pleasant 
acted  as  colonel  in  Macintosh's  campaign  (1777).  He  was 
lieutenant  colonel  of  his  county,  and  led  troops  to  aid  Lafay 
ette  (1781)  against  Cornwallis.  He  died  in  1819.  This  infor 
mation  was  furnished  to  Dr.  Draper  by  his  son,  Peachy  R. 
Harrison,  who  died  in  1848.  See  Draper  MSS.,  8ZZ68. 

Of  Capt.  Samuel  Wilson  little  is  known,  save  that  he  was 
a  son  of  John  Wilson,  an  early  settler  of  Augusta,  who  for 
many  years  represented  the  county  in  the  Virginia  assembly. 

Capt.  John  Lewis,  of  Augusta,  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Thomas,  brother  of  Andrew  and  Charles.  John  was  born  in 
1749,  and  although  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant, 
served  in  the  Revolution,  being  with  Washington  at  Valley 
Forge  and  in  the  Jerseys,  and  at  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis. 
He  died  in  1788,  leaving  four  children. 

Capt.  Andrew  Lockridge  lived  on  Bullpasture  River,  in 
Augusta  (now  Highland)  County.  He  was  married  in  1762. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  273 

Fleming  was  also  ordered  to  take  the  Command  of  one 
hundred  &  fifty  more  Consisting  of  Botetourt  Fin- 
castle  and  Bedford  Troops  Viz.  Capt.  Buford  of  Bed 
ford88  Capt.  Love  of  Botetourt89  Capt.  Shelby  &  Capt. 
Russell  of  Fincastle  which  made  the  second  Division. 
Colo.  Lewis  marched  with  his  Division  to  *  the  Right 
some  Distance  up  from  the  Ohio.  Colo.  Fleming  with 
his  Division  up  the  banck  of  the  Ohio  to  the  left: 
Colo.  Lewiss  Division  had  not  marchd.  little  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Camp;  when  about  sunrise, 
an  Attact  was  made  on  the  front  of  his  Division  in  a 
most  Vigorous  manner  by  the  United  tribes  of  In 
dians — Shawnees;  Delewares,  Mingoes,  Taways,90 
and  of  several  Other  Nations  in  Number  not  less  than 


During  the  Revolution  he  was  in  active  service,  defending  the 
frontiers  against  Indian  invasion,  commanding  at  a  fort  near 
Warm  Springs  (Bath  County)  and  at  Clover  Lick  (1777- 
79).— ED. 

88  Capt  Thomas  Buford  came  of  a  well-known  family  of 
Bedford   County.    His  cousin  Abraham  was   colonel  of  the 
Virginia  regiment  that  was  cut  to  pieces  by  Tarleton  at  Wax- 
haw  Creek  (May  1780),  on  its  way  to  the  relief  of  Charleston. 
Col.  Abraham  Buford  afterwards  removed  to  Kentucky,  and 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  early  political  affairs  of  that 
state.     See   Speed,   "Political   Club,"   in   Filson   Club   Papers, 
No.  9     He  was  long  thought  to  have  been  lieutenant  in  his 
cousin's    company    at    Point    Pleasant,    hut    the    muster    roll 
which  we  publish  does  not  contain  hi&  name. — ED. 

89  Capt,  Philip  Love  was  in  1770  a  magistrate  of  Botetourt, 
and  in   1776  served  as  colonel  in  Christian's  Cherokee  cam 
paign,  having  in  the  previous  year  removed   from  Augusta 
County  to  what  is  now  Wythe.     A  collateral  branch  is  repre 
sented  by  the  Love  family  of  Tennessee. — ED. 

90  The  Ottawa,  a  Northwestern  tribe  long  under  the  dom 
ination  of  the  French.     Pontiac  was  an  Ottawa  chief,  and  the 
tribesmen  still  harbored  a  grudge  against  their  English  con 
querors.    For  the  speech  of  one  of  the  Ottawa,  reputed  to  be 
a    son    of    Pontiac,  see  American    Archives,    4th    series,  iii, 
p.  1542.— ED. 

18 


274  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

Eight  Hundred  and  by  many  thaught  to  be  a  thou 
sand;  in  this  Heavy  Attact  Colonel  Charles  Lewis 
received  a  wound  which  soon  after  Caused  his  Death 
and  several  of  his  men  fell  in  the  spott  in  fact  the 
Augusta  Division  was  forced  to  give  way  to  the  heavy 
fire  of  the  Enemy  In  about  a  second  of  a  minute  after 
the  Attact  on  Colo.  Lewiss  Division  the  Enemy  En 
gaged  the  Front  of  Colo.  Flemings  Division  on  the 
Ohio;  and1  in  a  short  time  Colo.  Fleming  reed,  two 
balls  thro  his  left  Arm  and  one  thro  his  breast;  and 
after  annimating  the  Captains  and  soldiers  in  a  Calm 
manner  to  the  pursuit  of  Victory  returned  to  Camp, 
the  loss  of  the  Brave  Colonels  was  Sensibly  felt  by  the 
Officers  in  perticular,  But  the  Augusta  troops  being 
shortly  Reinforced  from  Camp  by  Colonel  Field  with 
his  Company  together  with  Capt.  M 'Dowel,  Capt. 
Mathews  &  Capt.  Stuart  from  Augusta,  Capt.  John 
Lewis,91  Capt.  Paulin  Capt.  Arbuckle  &  Capt.  M'Clana- 
han  from  Botetourt,  the  Enemy  no  longer  able  to 
Maintain  their  Ground  was  forced  to  give  way  till  they 
were  in  a  Line  with  the  troops  left  in  action  on  Bancks 
of  Ohio,  by  Colo  Fleming  in  this  precipitate  retreat 
Colo.  Field  was  killed,  after  which  Capt.  Shelby  was 
ordered'  to  take  the  Commd.  During  this  time  which 
was  till  after  twelve  of  the  Clock,  the  Action  continued 
Extreemly  Hott,  the  Close  underwood  many  steep 


91  Capt.  John  Lewis,  of  Botetourt,  born  about  1750,  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Col.  Andrew  Lewis,  and  a  noted  Indian  fiehter. 
There  is  a  family  tradition  that  he  secured  a  commission  in 
the  British  army,  but  resigned  and  came  home  to  marry  Patsy 
Love,  the  belle  of  Alexandria,  Va.  He  settled  on  some  of 
the  Western  lands  inherited  from  his  father,  and  was  killed 
by  his  own  negroes.  See  Gilmer,  First  Settlers  of  Upper 
Georgia,  pp.  56,  57. — ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  275 

bancks  &  Loggs  greatly  favoured  their  retreat,  and 
the  Bravest  of  their  men  made  the  use  of  themselves, 
whilst  others  were  throwing  their  dead  into  the  Ohio, 
and  Carrying  of  [f]  their  wounded,  after  twelve  the 
Action  in  a  small  degree  abated  but  Continued  sharp 
Enough  till  after  one  oClock  Their  Long  retreat 
gave  them  a  most  advantages  spot  of  ground;  from 
whence  it  Appeared  to  the  Officers  so  difficult  to  dis 
lodge  them;  that  it  was  thought  most  adviseable  to 
stand  as  the  line  then  was  formed  which  was  about  a 
mile  and  a  quarter  in  length,  and  had  till  then  sus 
tained  a  Constant  and  Equal  weight  of  fire  from  wing 
to  wing,  it  was  till  half  an  Hour  of  Sun  sett  they 
Continued  firing  on  us  which  we  returned  to  their  Dis 
advantage  at  length  Night  Coming  on  they  found  a 
safe  retreat  They  had  not  the  satisfaction  of  scalping 
any  of  our  men  save  One  or  two  straglers  whom  they 
Killed  before  the  ingagement  many  of  their  dead 
they  scalped  rather  than  we  should  have  them  but  our 
troops  scalped  upwards  of  Twenty  of  those  who  were 
first  killed;  Its  Beyond  a  Doul>t  their  Loss  in  Num 
ber  farr  Exceeds  ours,  which  is  Considirable. 

Field  Officers  killed  Colo.  Charles  Lewis,  and  Colo. 
Jno.  Fields,  Field  Officers  wounded  Colo.  Willm 
Fleming;  Capts.  killed  John  Murray92  Capt.  Saml 
Willson  Capt.  Robt.  McClanahan,  Capt.  Jas.  Ward, 
Captains  wounded  Thos  Buford,  John  Dickison  & 


92  Capt.  John  Murray  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Charles 
Lewis.  Charles  Cameron,  later  a  militia  officer  of  promi 
nence  in  Bath  County,  in  the  battle  lost  his  brother,  George 
Cameron,  his  half-brother,  Capt.  John  Murray,  and  his 
brother-in-law  Charles  Lewis. — ED. 


276  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

John  Scicfmore,93  Subbalterns  Killed  Lieutenant  Hugh 
Allen,94  Ensign  Mathew  Brakin  Ensign  Cundifr",95 
Subbalterns  wounded,  Lieut.  Lard ;  Lieut.  Vance  Lieut. 
Goldman96  Lieut.  Jas.  Robison  about  46  killed  & 
about  80  wounded  from  this  Sir  you  may  Judge  that 
we  had  a  Very  hard  day  its  tealy  Impossible  for  me 
to  Express  or  you  to  Concieve  Acclamations  that  we 
were  under,  sometimes,  the  Hidious  Cries  of  the 
Enemy  and  the  groans  of  our  wound  [ed]  men  lying 
around,  was  Enough  to  shuder  the  stoutest  hart 
its  the  general  Opinion  of  the  Officers  that  we  shall 


93 James  Ward  was  born  in  Ireland  about  1727,  emigrated 
to  America  in  infancy,  and  settled  in  Augusta  County,  where 
(about  1749)  he  married  the  daughter  of  Patrick  Lockhart. 
He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  French  and  Indian  War,  being 
with  Forbes  and  Bouquet.  In  1769  he  removed  with  h'S 
brother-in-law,  Matthew  Arbuckle,  to  the  Greenbrier  country. 
At  his  death  he  left  seven  children.  Two  of  his  sons,  James 
and  Charles,  were  pioneer  Kentuckians.  See  Draper  MSS., 
2DD54-5Q. 

Of  Capt.  John  Scidmore  nothing  is  known. — ED. 

94  Lieut,  Hugh  Allen  had  served  in  the  Shawnee  expedition 
of  1756,  and  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  was  sent  with 
a  message  from  Governor  Dinwiddie  to  the  Cherokee  chiefs. 
In  1773  Dunmore  issued  to  him  a  patent  for  2,000  acres  of 
land,  in  reward,  for  his  services  (Draper  MSS.,  2QQi52). 
He  left  three  sons — John,  William,  and  Hugh.  It  is  a  fam 
ily  tradition  that  the  sapling  behind  which  Allen  was  shel 
tered,  bore  the  marks  of  sixty  to  seventy  bullets,  and  that  he 
was  finally  killed  from  behind.  His  widow  afterward  married 
William  Craig.  Allen  was  a  lieutenant  in  Capt.  George  Mat- 
thews's  Augusta  company. — ED. 

05 Jonathan  Cundiff  was  ensign  in  Captain  Buford's  com 
pany,  from  Bedford  County.  He  was  survived  by  two  sons, 
who  emigrated  to  Montgomery  County,  Missouri,  and  left 
numerous  descendants.  See  Bryan  and  Rose,  Pioneer  Fami 
lies  of  Missouri  (St  Louis,  1876),  p.  251. — ED. 

96  Samuel  Vance  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  company  of  John 
Lewis  of  Augusta;  Edward  Goldman,  in  that  of  Pauling. 
See  muster-rolls,  post. — ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  277. 

soon  have  another  Ingagement  as  we  have  now  got 
Over  into  the  Enemys  Country;  we  Expect  to  meet 
the  Governor  about  forty  or  fifty  miles  from  here 
nothing  will  save  us  from  another  Battle  Unless  they 
Attact  the  Governors  Party,  five  men  that  Came  in 
Dadys  [daddy's]  Company  were  killed,  I  dont  know 
that  you  were  Acquainted  with  any  of  them  Except 
Marck  Williams  who  lived  with  Roger  Top.  Ac 
quaint  Mr  Carmack  that  his  son  was  slightly  wounded 
thro  the  shoulder  and  arm  &  that  he  is  in  a  likely  way 
of  Recovery  we  leave  him  at  mouth  of  Canaway  & 
one  Very  Carefull  hand  to  take  Care  of  him ;  there  is 
a  garrison  &  three  Hundred  men  left  at  that  place  with 
a  surgeon  to  Heal  the  wounded  we  Expect  to  Re 
turn  to  the  Garrison  in  about  16  days  from  the  Shawny 
Towns. 

I  have  nothing  more  Perticular  to  Acquaint  you  with 
Concerning  the  Battle,  as  to  the  Country  I  cant  now 
say  much  in  praise  of  any  that  I  have  yet  seen.  Dady 
intended  writing  to  you  but  did  not  know  of  the  Ex 
press  till  the  time  was  too  short  I  have  wrote  to 
Ma[m]my  tho  not  so  fully  as  to  you  as  I  then  Ex 
pected  the  Express  was  Just  going,  we  seem  to  be 
all  in  a  Moving  Posture  Just  going  from  this  place  so 
that  I  must  Conclude  wishing  you  health  and  prosper 
ity  till  I  see  you  &  Your  Family  in  the  meantime  I 
am  yr.  truly  Effectionate  Friend  &  Humble  Servt 

ISAAC  SHEXBY 

To  MP  John  Shelby  Holstons  River  Fincastle  County 
fay*,  by  Mr.  Benja.  Gray 


278  DUN M ORE'S    WAR 


THE  SOUTHWESTERN  FRONTIER 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi24.] 

ROYAL  OAK  Oct<>.  16.  1774 

SIR — Last  Night  I  received  a  Letter  from  Capt. 
Thompson  who  had  just  returned  from  a  trip  of  Rang 
ing  as  far  as  Capt.  Shelbys.  He  informs  me  that  one 
Murphy  an  half  Breed  Cherokee  had  come  into  Wat- 
tago,  as  a  Messenger  from  some  of  the  Chiefs,  to  in 
form  the  Inhabitants  that  a  Number  of  their  Young 
Men  had  gone  out  to  War  contrary  to  their  consent; 
and  that  they  had  put  to  Death  one  of  the  Indians  that 
was  concerned  in  the  Murder  of  Capt.  Russells  Son 
and  had  the  other  in  confinement.  The  Capt.  then 
observes  that  perhaps  all  this  is  only  Indian  policy; 
which  I  am  well  satisfyed  will  be  the  case  should  the 
Shawanese  and  their  Allies  be  Successful  in  repulsing 
our  Army.  He  also  informs  me  that  he  could  not  get 
a  Man  to  go  as  Spy  towards  the  Cherokee  nation. 
As  I  proposed  they  should  go  to  the  Fork  of  the  Paths 
that  goes  to  Nola-Chuckee  and  that  to  the  Island, 
about  w[h]ere  they  say  Indians  is  almost  always  hunt 
ing. 

One  of  Capt.  Thompsons  Men  had  his  Arm  Shat 
tered  in  a  dangerous  manner  by  one  of  his  companions 
foolishly  struggling  about  a  Gun.  Quere  don't  we 
want  a  Doctor  in  these  parts.  Capt.  Smith  was  not 
returned  the  last  accounts.  I  expect  to  hear  every 
Day  of  his  having  an  Action. 

There  was  an  account  came  here  last  Night  that  a 
Woman  &  two  Children  was  killed  or  taken  near 


POINT  PLEASANT  BATTLE  279 

Blackmores  since  the  Murder  of  Carter.  But  as  it 
has  come  thro  several  hands  by  way  of  report  I  hope 
it  is  not  true ;  as  the  people  in  that  Quarter  suffer  of 
late  a  kind  of  Seige,  and  I  think  Women  and  children 
would  not  be  straggling  out. 

I  am  Obliged  to  continue  Shannon  out  here  some 
time  as  he  is  a  forward  careful  hand,  And  I  am  of  late 
much  put  to  it  to  get  Provisions  carried  out  to  Black- 
mores. 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Humble  Servt 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 

To  Col°.  William  Preston,  at  Smithfield  p.  Boydstone 


NEWS  FROM  THE  BATTLEFIELD 

[John  Madison  to  Mrs.  William  Fleming.    2ZZ9.]9T 

MADAM — You  have  heard  of  the  Battle  on  the  Ohio 
[the]  ioth.  of  October  I  dare  Say,  I  shall  not  dwell 
on  Particulars  at]  Present  but  hasten  to  Acquaint 
you  with  what  most  Concerns  you.  Colo.  Flemings 
behaviour  on  that  day  [was  an]  Honour  to  him  and 
all  his  Connexions  it  is  true  he  re[ceived]  three 
wounds  two  in  his  left  Arm  and  a  Slight  [one]  in 
his  Brest,  but  I  have  the  Inexpressible  Pleasure  of  As 
suring  you  they  are  not  Mortal.  Every  Letter  Con 
firms  this  Acct.  to  Impose  on  you  would  be  a  ps.  of 
Dishonesty  I  am  not  Capable  [of]  believe  me  Dr. 
Mrs.  Fleming  &  be  happy. 


97 This  letter  is  undated,  but  could  not  have  been  written 
much  before  Oct.  31,  when  Preston  received  word  of  the  bat 
tle.— ED. 


280  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

You  are  no  doubt  anxious  to  hear  who  [was  killed] 
on  that  fatal  day,  I  will  Insert  their  names  be  [low] 
tho'  I  know  it  will  Cost  you  a  tear.  Excuse  this 
[hasty]  Epistle  &  believe  [me]  to  be  with  much  Es 
teem  Madam 

yr.  Obt.  hble  Se[rvant] 

JOHN  MAD[isoN]98 

[Killed]  Wounded 

Colo.  Chas  Lewis  Colo  w™  Fleming 

Colo.  John  Fields  Capt  Tho  Blueford  [Buford] 

Capts.  Sam1  Wilson  Jn°  Dickenson 

Robt.  M  Clenachan  >    Skidmore 

James  Ward,  Lieut.  Vance 

John  Murry  Goldman 

Lieutenants  Lard 

Hugh  Allen 

Jno  Cunduff 

Mathew  Braken 

John  Frogg  of  Staunton09 


98 John  Madison  was  cousin  of  the  father  of  President 
Madison,  and  himself  father  of  James  (first  bishop  of  Vir 
ginia),  Thomas,  Rowland,  and  George,  of  Kentucky.  He  was 
the  first  clerk  of  Augusta  County,  and  delegate  to  the  Vir 
ginia  assembly  1751-52.  His  wife  was  a  Miss  Strother,  whose 
sisters  married  Thomas  Lewis  and  Gabriel  Jones,  all  of  them 
living  in  the  neighborhood  of  Port  Republic,  in  the  present 
Rockingham  County. — ED. 

"John  Frogg  was  the  nephew  of  Mrs.  Thomas  Lewis  (nee 
Strother),  and  had  married  her  daughter  Agatha.  Their 
home  was  in  Staunton,  and  he  accompanied  the  army  as 
sutler.  A  young,  handsome  man,  he  was  generous  and  gal 
lant,  and  fond  of  display,  and  the  day  of  the  battle  was  at 
tired  in  a  brilliant  red  jacket  which  made  him  a  prominent 
mark  for  the  savages.  William  White,  of  Augusta,  related 
that  when  Frogg  fell  an  Indian  bounded  forward  to  scalp 
him,  but  he  and  four  others  bent  on  a  similar  errand,  were 
shot.  After  the  battle,  Frogg  was  found  with  the  five  dead 
savages  in  a  heap  above  his  body  (Draper  MSS.,  SZZyi). 
A  tradition  was  also  current  in  the  family,  that  on  Oct.  10 
his  little  daughter  awakened  three  times,  clinging  to  her 


FLEMING'S  JOURNAL  23r 

The  private  mens  names  not  Mentioned  the  Whole 
number  of  the  Killed  &  wounded  amount  to  147. 

Colo  Preston  would  have  written  to  you  but  he  is  so 
hurry'd  with  express's  at  present  it  was  out  of  his 
Power 

To  M1^.  Ann  Fleming 


COL.  WILLIAM  FLEMING'S     JOURNAL 

[Fleming's  description  of  the  expedition.    2ZZ;!,  pp.  47-56.] 

An  Extract  from  a  Journal  keept  by  An  Officer  in 
the  Army  under  Colo  And™.  Lewis  on  the  expedition 
against  Our  Enemy  Ohio  Indians?- 

In  consequence  of  a  Plan  laid  down  by  my  Lord 
Dunmore,  in  which  the  Forces  under  Colo.  Andw. 
Lewis  were  to  Join  His  Lordship  at  the  Mouth  of  New 
River,  Camp  Union  at  the  big  levels  of  Green  Brier 
was  appointed  the  place  of  Rendevouse  for  the  Augusta 
Botetourt  &  Fincastle  County  troops,  at  which  place 
they  were  Assembling  from  August  ye.  27th.  Septr. 
ye.  2d.  we  were  Alarmed  by  a  report  that  Stewarts 


mother,  crying  out  that  the  Indians  were  killing  her  father — 
a  fact  of  which  the  household  did  not  receive  notice  until  a 
number  of  days  later;  see  Gilmer,  Settlers  of  Upper  Georgia, 
pp.  49-51.  Frogg's  widow  married  Capt.  John  Stuart,  of  this 
same  expedition ;  and  his  daughter  was  the  wife  of  one  of  the 
Estill  family.— ED. 

iThis  journal  of  Fleming's,  in  his  own  handwriting,  is 
found  at  the  end  of  his  Orderly  Book,  and  evidently  is  an 
abbreviated  account  written  from  the  data  in  the  book,  so  as 
to  present  a  connected  description  of  the  expedition. — ED. 

XtTB^ATT]^ 

/  OF  Th- 

I     UIUIVFDQITV 


DUNMORE'S   WAR 

Fort,  four  miles  from  Camp  was  Attack'd  by  Indians. 
A  party  being  sent  out  found  that  only  one  man  had 
been  fired  at  and  escaped  with  a  verry  slight  wound 
but  next  day  Septr.  ye.  3d.  McGuire  a  Countryman  was 
brought  in  from  another  Quarter  into  Camp  much 
wounded  &  had  a  bullet  cut  out  of  his  Cheek.  Septr. 
ye  4th.  Parties  as  the  day  before  were  sent  out  in  quest 
of  the  Enemy,  and  discovered  three  or  four  who  had 
horses,  but  had  no  Opportunity  of  firing  on  them,  tho 
they  recovered  the  horses,  and  several  Buffalo  hide 
halters  a  tomhawk  &c.  were  found.  These  Indians 
being  a  Party  who  had,  as  was  customary  come  in  to 
do  what  mischeif  was  in  their  power,  and  then  push 
home  with  as  many  horses  as  they  could  pick  up.  The 
5th.  Parties  on  horseback  had  orders  to  scour  the 
woods  for  two  or  three  miles  round  camp.  And  a 
Capt.  &c :  &  fifty  private  went  in  pursuit  of  the  Enemy 
discovered  yesterday. 

Col:  Andw.  Lewis  Joind  the  troops  Septr.  ist.  as 
Commander  in  Chief. 

6th.  Colo.  Charles  Lewis  with  the  greatest  part  of 
the  Augusta  troops  and  Arbuckles  Compy.  from  Bote- 
tourt  march'd  from  Camp  union  with  all  the  Cattle 
collected  there  at  that  time  and  [four]  hundred  pack 
horses  loaded  with  Flower,  Salt,  &  Tools,  for  [the] 
mouth  of  Elk  River  and  had  orders  to  build  a  small 
store  house,  for  the  provisions,  And  get  Canoes  made, 
sufficient  to  transport  the  Flower  &c :  from  that  Place 
down  the  New  River  to  the  Ohio.  The  loth.  One  of 
Our  Spies  came  in  from  Gauly  and  reported  that  on 
the  6th.  Inst  he  discovered  a  party  of  Indians  with 
horses  on  their  return  from  the  Inhabitants,  And  on 


trtTn, 


ff 


When  attached  In  the  Front  ye.  advance  Guard  are  to  Free 
themselves1  &  iStand  the  Charge  while  the  Right  &  Left  hand  Col 
umns  Are  to  move  towards  Right  &  Left  as  Pr  dotted  Circular 
Lines  &c.  Endiavouring  to  outflank  the  Enemy  &  then  Close  in 
&c.  If  the  Right  or  Left  Columns  Should  be  Attacted  they  are  to 
be  Supported  by  the  Advance  or  Rear  Guard  who  are  to  out  Flank 
the  Enemy  &c  while  the  Party  attacted  in  whatever  Quarter,  Col 
umn  or  Van  Or  Rear  Guard  are  to  Stand  the  Charge  while  the 
Distant  Columns  Flank  them. 


284  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

the  morning  of  the  ninth  another  party  coming  in, 
from  this  time  we  have  reason  to  believe  that  Our 
motions  were  narrowly  watched  by  the  Enemy. 

Septr.  the  1 2th  Colo.  Andw.  Lewis  with  the  Bote- 
tourt  troops  &  Capts.  Shelby  Russels  &  Bufords 
Compies  left  Camp  Union  &  took  with  them  all  the 
Beeves  &  Pack  horses  that  were  then  Collected.  In 
the  Evening  a  man  from  Colo.  C.  Lewis  party  came 
into  Camp  &  reported  that  Colo.  Fields  from  Culpep- 
per  County  who  Joind  us  witn  about  30  men  &  had 
marchd  after  Colo.  C.  Lewis  on  the  10  Inst.  his 
men  being  out  hunting  had  one  of  them  [been]  shot 
down  by  an  Indian  but  that  the  Indian  was  kild  before 
he  scalpd  him.  This  Indian  proved  to  be  a  Tawa. 

I9th  Crossed  Gauly  Mountain,  which  I  take  to  be 
a  Continuation  of  that  Chain  of  mountains  caled  the 
Alegany  Mountain,  to  the  Northward  and  we  Met 
with  sudden  &  frequent  Showers  of  Rain  as  is  usual 
near  these  Mountains.  It  is  pritty  difficult  to  Cross 
being  about  a  mile  &  half  in  Ascent  &  as  much  in  de 
scent 

The  2ist  we  fell  in  with  New  River  or  the  Big  Kan- 
haway  a  little  below  Kellys  Place,  and  marching  down 
the  River  Eight  or  Nine  miles  passed  two  curious 
Springs,  the  Vapour  of  which  kindles  quick  as  Gun 
powder  &  burns  with  a  surprizing  force. 

The  23.  we  Joind  Col :  C.  Lewis  who  was  encamped 
on  the  Banks  of  Elk  river  about  a  mile  above  its  influx 
into  New  River  by  Computation  108  Miles  from  Camp 
Union. 

Imployed  to  the  3oth.  in  building  a  storehouse  & 
making  Canoes  for  transporting  the  stores.  The  24th 


FLEMING'S  JOURNAL  285 

the  Scouts  were  sent  different  ways  for  the  discovery 
of  the  Enimy.  The  25th  One  of  the  Scouts  that  had 
Crosed  the  Kanhaway  returnd  &  reported  that  about 
four  miles  from  Camp,  a  Small  party  of  Indians  had 
passed  them  in  the  Night  with  horses  on  their  way 
down  the  Kanhaway.  Colo.  Lewis  sent  some  Scouts 
this  Evening  to  the  Ohio  to  wait  on  his  Lordship,  As 
we  expected  about  this  time  His  Excellency  with  the 
Troops  from  the  Northward  would  be  arrived.  And 
the  29th  One  of  them  returnd  when  about  15  miles 
from  the  Ohio,  on  their  discovering  Indian  fires  on  the 
banks  of  the  Kanhaway,  and  this  Scout  likewise  on 
his  way  up  discovered  another  party  of  Indians. 

The  30th.  Cros'd  the  Elk  &  marchd  down  to  its 
mouth  where  we  encamped.  O'ct*".  ist. 

The  Troops  were  ordered  to  form  two  Colums  in 
their  march  from  this,  each  Colum  made  two  grand 
divisions  The  Botetourt  Troops  formd  the  Right,  the 
Augusta  the  left  Colum.  Capt.  Jno  Lewis  of  Bote 
tourt  with  his  Company  Marchd  advanced  a  little  way 
in  the  front  of  the  Colums  Bullocks  &  Pack  horses 
fell  in  betwixt  the  Front  &  Rear  divisions,  and  had 
each  Flank  covered  with  One  hundred  Men.2  6th. 
reach'd  the  Junction  of  the  Great  Kanhaway  with  the 
Ohio,  we  have  met  with  a  lettar  from  My  Lord  Dun- 
more3  The  spies  sent  from  Elk  came  in  this  Even- 


2  See  accompanying  plan  of  march,  drawn  by  Fleming. — ED. 

3  This  message   was   left  in  a   hollow   tree  by  Dunmore's 
scouts,  who  arrived  before  the  advent  of  Lewis's  army.     The 
messengers  are  claimed  to  have  been  Simon  Kenton,  Simon 
Girty,  and  Peter  Parchment.     See  Dr.  Draper's  MS.  notes; 
Butterfield,  History  of  the  Girtys,  p.  27 ;  Hildreth,  Pioneer  His 
tory,  p.   88.     Another   list,   given   by   Samuel    Murphy,   com 
prises  Simon  Girty,  John  Turner,  and  Joseph  and  Thomas 
Nicholson.     See  Draper  MSS.,  3Sn. — ED. 


286  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

ing,  and  told  us  they  had  quitted  their  Canoe,  after 
sending  back  the  messenger  formerly  mentiond,  and 
came  by  land  to  the  point,  where  not  finding  His  Lord 
ship,  they  had  continued  amongst  the  hills,  without 
being  discovered  by  several  parties  of  Indians  that 
were  hunting  Buffaloes.  Colo  Lewis  sent  up  by  some 
of  our  Spies  a  lettar  in  return  to  His  Lordships  to 
Hockhocking.  The  8th.  Some  messengers  from  My 
Lord  with  lettar s  came  down  by  water  &  return d  in 
a  few  houres.4 

The  ioth.  some  men  who  had  left  Camp  at  about 
three  miles  distance,  fell  in  with  a  large  Party  of  In 
dians  a  little  after  day  break.  One  of  Capt  Russels 
men  was  shot  down  one  escaped,  &  brought  us  the  first 
intelligence  which  in  a  few  minutes  was  confirmed  by 
several  Others  being  chased  into  Camp.  Imagining 
this  to  be  some  scouting  party,  Colo.  Lewis  ordered 
a  detatchment  from  every  Company,  so  as  to  make  up 
One  hundred  &  fifty  men  from  each  line,  to  go  in  quest 
of  them  Colo.  Charles  Lewis  led  the  Augusta  Detach 
ment  And  had  with  him  Capts  Dickinson,  Harrison 
&  Skidmore,  &  Colo.  Fleming  the  Botetourt.  and  had 
with  him  Capts  Shelby,  Russel,  Buford  &  Love.  & 
the  Augusta  line  marchd  on  the  Right  near  the  foot  of 
the  hills.  The  Botetourt  along  the  Banks  of  the  Ohio, 
at  about  200  Yards  distance :  We  Marched  Briskly 
3/4  of  a  mile  or  better  from  Camp,  the  Sun  then,  near 
an  hour  high,  when  a  few  guns  were  fired  on  the 


4  One  of  these  messengers  mysteriously  intimated  to  Cap 
tain  Stuart  that  the  Indians  were  preparing  for  an  attack. 
See  Stuart's  "Narrative,"  in  Virginia  Historical  Collections, 
ist  series,  i,  pp.  36-56;  Magazine  of  American  History,  i,  pp. 
668-679,  740-750.— ED. 


FLEMING'S  JOURNAL  287 

Right,  &  succeeded  by  a  heavy  fire,  which  in  an  In 
stant  extended  to  the  left  and  the  two  lines  were  hotly 
engaged.  Early  in  the  ingagement  Colo.  Charles 
Lewis  on  the  Right  received  a  mortal  wound,  and  was 
led  out  of  the  Field.  He  died  in  a  few  houres,  much 
beloved,  universally  esteemed,  &  greatly  lamented  by 
the  whole  troops.  Soon  afterward  Colo.  Fleming  on 
the  left,  was  daingerously  wounded  in  the  breast  & 
Arm  &  Obleedged  to  quit  the  Field.  The  Fire  con 
tinuing  very  warm  &  the  Indians  pushing  our  men, 
forced  them  to  retreat  150  or  200  Yards,  but  being 
timely  supported  by  reinforcements  sent  from  Camp, 
they  recovered  the  ground  they  had  lost,  &  in  turn 
drove  the  Enimy.  Colo.  Fields  who  came  out  with  re 
inforcement  was  unhappily  kild.  the  Action  contin 
ued  verry  warm  till  near  twelve  o'Clock,  when  the  Fire 
tho  pritty  constant  was  not  so  heavy.  As  the  Enimy 
whenever  they  met  with  an  advantagious  piece  of 
ground  in  their  retreat,  made  a  resolute  stand,  during 
which  some  of  them  were  employed  to  remove  their 
dead,  dying  &  wounded,  in  the  Afternoon  they  had 
gained  such  an  advantagious  post  that  it  was  thought 
imprudent  to  Attempt  to  dislodge  them,  &  firing  ceased 
on  both  sides  about  half  an  hour  before  Sunset,  from 
this  place  the  Enemy  made  a  final  retreat  and  crossed 
the  Ohio  with  their  wounded.  Some  of  their  dead 
were  slightly  covered  in  the  Field  of  Battle,  some  were 
drag'd  down,  &  thrown  into  the  Ohio  And  others  they 
had  scalped  themselves  to  prevent  our  people,  whilst 
this  passed  in  the  Field,  Colo.  Lewis  was  fully  im- 
ployed  in  Camp,  in  sending  necessary  reinforcements 
where  wanted  on  the  different  quarters.  The  Troops 


288  DUN  MO  RE'S   WAR 

were  encamped  on  the  Banks  of  the  N[ew]  River  & 
Ohio,  extending  up  both  Rivers  near  half  a  Mile  the 
Point  betwixt  the  Rivers  was  full  of  large  trees  &  very 
brushy,  from  the  furthest  extent  of  the  tents  on  both 
Rivers  he  cleard  a  line  across  &  with  the  brush  &  trees 
Made  a  breastwork  and  lined  it  with  the  men  that  were 
left  in  Camp.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  kild  & 
Wounded  Those  markd  with  Asterisks  died  after  the 
-engagement  Kild  of  the  Augusta  line,  Colo.  Charles 
Lewis  *  Colo.  Jno.  Field,  Capt.  SamL  Wilson,  Lieutt. 
Hugh  Allen.  Eighteen  private  [s]  Wounded  of  the 
Augusta  line  Capts.  Dickenson.  Skidmore  Lieutts. 
Leard  &  Vance  with  51  private.  Kild  of  the  Botetourt 
line  Capts.  Murray,  Robt.  McClennachan  *  Ward  * 
Thos.  Buford  *.  Lieutts.  Bracken  &  Goldman,  with  En 
sign  Cundiff  &  17  Private.  Wounded  Colo.  Fleming 
Lieut.  Robison  &  35  private.  We  had  the  morning  of 
the  engagement  upwards  of  Eleven  hundred  effective 
men. 

About  12  o'Clock  at  Night  Colo  Christian  with  the 
Fincastle  troops  came  into  Camp,  the  nth.  Large 
parties  were  sent  out  in  search  of  the  Enimy  when  they 
found  all  the  Indians  had  crosd  the  Ohio. 

The  1 2th  Imployed  in  gathering  in  the  dispers'd  Bul 
locks  &  horses  &  in  clearing  the  Camp  of  Underwood, 
this  day  the  Guns  Blankets  &c  taken  from  the  Indians, 
sold  by  Vendue  amounted  to  near  £100.  The  I3th. 
the  Express  that  first  went  to  his  Lordship  retumd 
with  Instructions  for  Colo  Lewis  to  march  towards  the 
Shawnese  Towns  and  Join  His  Lordship  at  a  certain 
place  by  the  way 

The  I4th.  1 5th.  &  i6th.  imployed  in  finishing  a  store 


FLEMING'S  JOURNAL  289 

house  &  running  up  a  breastwork,  which  was  Raised 
two  logs  high,  with  part  of  a  Bastion,  we  cros'd  the 
Ohio  the  17,  After  leaving  all  our  Indisposed,  lame,  & 
those  Judged  unfit  for  Duty  at  the  point,  and  their 
wounds  some  time  after  the  engagement 

'Botetourt  line  'Augusta  line 

Botetourt  line  Colo.  C.  Lewis 

Cap*  Murray  Col°  J.  Fields 

Robt  McClennachan         Cap*.  Sami.  Wilson 

Jas.  Ward  Lieut*  Hugh  Allen 

Buford  Eighteen  Private 
Lieut.  BracKen 

Goldman  Wounded 

Ensgn  Condiff  Capt.  Jn<>  Dickinson 
Seventeen  Private  Skidmore 

Lieut*.  Leard 

Wounded  »       Vance 

Cpl°.  Fleming  fifty  one  private 
Lieut  Robinson 
thirty  five  private 

29.. 

Colo  Lewis  came  into  Camp  last  evening,  when  he 
had  got  to  some  distance  from  the  Towns  the  Gover 
nor  sent  an  Express  to  inform  him  that  He  had  very 
near  concluded  a  peace  and  that  he  was  to  halt  his 
troops  there,  the  place  being  inconvenient  to  encamp 
and  Colo  Lewis  men  being  fired  on  that  morning  he 
marchd  on  Next  Morning  He  received  another  Ex 
press  informing  him  the  Peace  was  in  a  manner  con 
cluded  that  the  Shawnese  had  agreed  to  his  terms  and 
therefor  Colo  Lewis  was  to  encamp  where  he  was.  & 
that  he  &  any  Officers  he  tho't  proper  might  come  over 
to  his  Camp.  Colo  Lewis  did  not  imagine  it  would  be 
prudent  to  go  to  his  lordships  Cam[p]  with  only  two 
or  three  Officers,  and  therefore  marchd  thither  with  a 
19 


290  DUN  MORE' S    WAR 

design  to  Join  his  Lordship  but  the  Guide  mistook 
the  path  &  took  a  path  that  led  betwixt  the  towns  & 
his  Lordships  Camp,  this  put  the  Indians  into  a  fright 
they  expected  Colo  Lewis  was  going  to  Attack  their 
towns  they  left  his  Lordship,  and  run  off.  His  Lord 
ship  rode  down  to  Colo  Lewis's  Camp  in  the  i8th  be 
gun  Our  March  for  the  Shawnese  Towns.  When 
about  15  miles  from  them,  we  had  an  Express  from 
His  Lordship,  Accquainting  us  a  Peace  with  the  In 
dians  was  Almost  concluded,  inviting  Colo  Lewis  & 
such  of  his  Officers  as  he  choose,  tq  come  over  to  his 
Camp,  we  continued  to  march  forward  &  in  some 
houres  afterwards  another  express  arrived  with  the 
News  that  a  Peace  was  concluded  &  brought  orders 
for  the  Army  to  halt,  as  the  place  was  inconvenient 
for  the  Troops  to  encamp,  we  marched  on  to  water 
which  the  Indians  observing  struck  them  with  a  dread 
that  we  were  going  to  Attack  their  towns,  as  we  by  a 
mistake  of  the  Guide  had  got  rather  betwixt  his  Lord 
ships  Camp  &  the  Towns  &  much  nearer  than  we 
imagined.5  All  the  Indians  with  his  Lordship,  imme 
diately  quitted  His  Camp,  except  White  Fish,  who 
with  Gibson  a  trader,  Attended  His  Lordship  to  Our 
Army.  My  Lord  informd  us  the  Shawnise  had  agreed 
to  all  his  Terms,  and  that  as  Our  Presence  could  be  of 


5  The  Indian  towns  here  referred  to  were  on  the  Pickaway 
Plains,  in  the  county  and  township  of  the  same  name,  a  few 
miles  below  the  present  Circleville,  Ohio.  According  to  the 
traditions  of  the  pioneers  of  that  region,  Lewis  halted  below 
Kinnickinnik  Creek,  in  Green  Township,  Ross  County;  but 
finding  the  place  inconvenient  for  a  camp,  pressed  on  across 
the  creek,  and  took  a  trail  to  the  northwest,  leading  directly 
to  Grenadier  Squaw's  Town.  He  halted  between  Congo  and 
Scippo  Creeks,  in  Pickaway  Township,  and  there  received  the 
visit  from  Dunmore. — ED. 


MAP  OFTHE  VILLAGE  OF  POINT  PLEASANT  AS  SURVEYED  IN  JUNE,  1819 
Reduced  facsimile  from  original  in  Draper  MSS.  —  2.ZZ5& 

Legend  :  A,  where  Cornstalk  was  buried;  B,  courthouse; 
C,  burial  ground.  Black  dot  in  No.  12,  in 
court  house  lot,  near  grave  of  Cornstalk 


PRESTON'S  REPORT 

no  service,  but  rather  a  hindrance  to  the  peace  being 
concluded  he  ordered  the  whole  to  return,  which  we 
did  the  next  day.  We  reachd  the  Point  the  28th 
where  we  found  the  Breast  work  very  near  compleated 
from  which  Place  we  filed  off  homeward  by  [MS. 
torn]. 


PRESTON'S  REPORT  OF  THE  BATTLE 

[Col.  William  Preston  to  Patrick  Henry.    3QQi28.]6 

October  ye  3ist.  I774 

DEAR  SIR — Being  on)  my  way  from  home  to  Fin- 
castle  Court  was  overtaken  this  Evening  by  Letters 
from  Colo.  Christian  and  other  Gentlemen  on  the  Ex 
pedition,  giving  an  Account  of  a  Battle  which  was 
fought  between  our  Troops  &  the  Enemy  Indians  on 
the  roth  Instant  in  the  Fork  of  the  Ohio  &  the  great 
Kanhawa 

The  Particulars  of  the  Action  drawn  up  by  Colo. 
Andw.  Lewis  I  have  Sent  you  inclosed,  also  a  Return 
of  the  killed  and  wounded ;  by  which  you  will  see  that 
we  have  lost  many  Brave  and  valluable  Officers  &  sol 
diers  whose  loss  to  their  Families,  as  well  as  to  the 
Community  is  very  great. 


6 Roosevelt  (Winning  of  the  West,  i,  pp.  227,  344-347 N  gives 
this  letter  from  a  copy  in  the  Campbell  MSS.  We  print  di 
rect  from  the  original,  upon  which  Dr.  Draper  wrote:  "The 
following  letter  by  Colonel  Preston,  dated  Oct.  31^,  1774,  was 
found  among  Patrick  Henry's  papers  and  preserved  by  his 
grandson  Col.  Patrick  H.  Fontaine,  of  Pontotoc,  Mississippi, 
whose  son  Charles  D.  Fontaine  gave  it  to  me  in  1840  or  1841, 
when  I  resided  there.  The  reference  to  Mrs.  Christian,  near 
the  close  of  the  letter  is  very  natural,  as  she  was  a  sister  of 
Patrick  Henry."— ED. 


292  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

Colo.  Christian  with  the  Fincastle  Troops,  (except 
the  Companies  Commanded  by  Capts.  Russell  &  Shelby 
who  were  in  the  Action)  were  on  their  march,  and 
on  the  Evening  of  that  Day  about  15  Miles  from  the 
Field  of  Battle  heard  that  the  Action  began  in  the 
Morning.  They  Marched  hard  &  got  to  the  Camp 
about  midnight.  The  Cries  of  the  Wounded  without 
any  Persons  of  Skill  or  any  thing  to  Nourish  People 
in  their  unhappy  Situation  was  Striking.  The  Indians 
had  crossed  the  River  on  Rafts  6  or  Eight  Miles  above 
the  Forks  in  the  night  and  it  is  believed  intended  to 
Attack  the  Camp  had  they  not  been  prevented  by  our 
men  meeting  them  at  the  Distance  of  half  a  Mile.  It 
is  said  the  Enemy  behaved  with  Bravery  &  great 
Caution,  that  they  frequently  Damn'd  our  men  for 
white  Sons  of  Bitches  why  did  not  thefy]  Whistle 
now  (alluding  to  the  Fifes)  &  that  they  would  learn 
them  to  Shoot. 

The  Governor  was  then  at  Hockhocking  about  12 
or  15  Miles  below  the  Mouth  of  little  Kanhawa  from 
whence  he  intended  to  march  his  Party  to  a  Place 
called  Chillicossee  about  20  Miles  further  than  the 
Towns  where  it  was  Said  the  Shawanesse  had  Assem 
bled  with  their  Families  and  Alies  to  make  a  Stand, 
as  they  had  good  Houses  &  plenty  of  Ammunition  & 
Provisions  &  had  cleared  the  Woods  to  a  great  distance 
from  the  Place.7  His  Party  who  were  to  march  from 


7Chillicothe  is  said  to  mean  "chief  town,"  also  "town  on 
leaning  bank."  The  name  was  applied  to  various  localities  at 
different  times — to  a  village  three  miles  north  of  Xenia,  Ohio; 
to  one  on  the  site  of  Frankfort,  Ross  County;  and  the  one  on 
the  site  of  the  present  Chillicothe.  That  referred  to  here,  was 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Scioto,  about  fifteen  miles  above  Chil 
licothe,  and  five  or  six  below  Circleville.  At  one  time  there 


PRESTON'S  REPORT  293 

the  Camp  was  about  1200  &  to  Join  Colo.  Lewis's 
Party  about  28  Miles  from  Chillicossee.  But  whether 
the  Action  above  mentioned  would  disconcert  this  Plan 
or  not  I  think  appears  a  little  uncertain,  as  there  is 
a  probability  that  his  Excellency  on  hearing  the  news 
might,  with  his  Party  fall  down  the  River  &  Join  Colo. 
Lewis's  Party  &  March  together  against  the  Enemy. 

They  were  about  Building  a  Breast  Work  at  the 
Forks  &  after  leaving  a  proper  party  to  take  Care  of 
the  Wounded  &  the  Provisions  there  that  Colo.  Lewis 
could  March  upwards  of  a  Thousand  Men  to  Join  his 
Lordship.  So  that  the  whole  when  they  meet  will  be 
about  2200  Choice  Men.  What  may  be  their  Success 
God  only  knows;  that  it  is  highly  probable  the  matter 
is  decided  before  this  Time. 

Colo.  Christian  says  from  the  Accounts  he  had,  the 
Enemy  behaved  with  inconceivable  Bravery.  The 
Head  men  walked  about  in  the  Time  of  Action  Ex 
horting  their  Men  "To  lie  close,  shoot  well,  be  strong 
&  fight."  They  had  Parties  planted  on  the  opposite 
side  of  both  Rivers  to  shoot  our  men  as  they  swam 
over,  not  doubting,  as  is  supposed,  but  they  would 
gain  a  complete  Victory.  In  the  Evening  late  they 
called  to  our  Men  "That  they  had  2000  Men  for  them 
to  morrow  and  that  they  had  noo  Men  now  as  well 
as  they."  They  also  made  very  merry  about  a  Treaty. 

Poor  Colo.  Charles  Lewis  was  shot  on  a  Clear  piece 
of  Ground,  as  he  had  not  taken  a  tree,  encouraging 


was  a  village  there  known  as  Westfall,  but  the  site  is  now 
farm  land.  The  bank  at  this  place  was  high ;  there  was  but 
one  fording  place,  just  below  the  site,  and  the  whole  was 
easily  defensible  by  a  large  body  of  Indians. — ED. 


294  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

his  Men  to  Advance.  On  being  wounded  he  handed 
his  Gun  to  a  person  nigh  him  and  retired  to  the  Camp 
telling  his  Men  as  he  passed,  "I  am  Wounded,  but  go 
on  &  be  Brave."  If  the  loss  of  a  good  man,  a  sin 
cere  Friend  &  a  Brave  Officer  claims  a  Tear,  He  cer 
tainly  is  entitled  to  it. 

Colo.  Fields  was  shot  at  a  great  tree  by  two  Indians 
on  his  Right  while  one  on  his  Left  was  amusing  him 
with  talk  &  the  Colo,  endeavouring  to  get  a  shot  at 
him. 

Beside  the  loss  the  troops  met  with  in  Action  by 
Colo.  Fleming  who  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the 
Field,  which  was  very  great ;  The  Wounded  met  with 
the  most  Irreparable  Loss  in  an  able  &  skillful  Sur 
geon.  Colo.  Christian  says  that  his  Lungs  or  part  of 
them  came  out  of  the  Wound  in  his  Breast  but  were 
pushed  back,  &  by  the  last  part  of  his  Letter  which 
was  dated  the  i6th  Instant  he  has  some  hopes  of  his 
recovery. 

Thus  Sir  I  have  given  you  an  Account  of  the  Ac 
tion  from  the  Several  Letters  I  reed.  &  have  only  to 
add  that  Colo.  Christian  desires  me  to  Inform  Mrs. 
Christian  of  his  Wellfare,  which  with  great  Pleasure 
I  do  thro'  this  Channel;  and  should  any  further 
News  come  which  I  much  Expect  soon  I  shall  take 
the  earliest  oppy.  of  communicating  the  same  to  you. 
It  is  believed  the  Troops  will  surely  return  in  Novr. 

I  write  in  a  hurry  &  amidst  a  Crowd  of  Inquisitive 
People  therefore  hopes  you'll  excuse  the  Inaccuracy 
of  Dr.  Sir 
Your  Sincere  Wellwisher  &  most  Obedt  Servt 

.  PRSSTON. 


DETAILS  OF  BATTLE  29$ 

P.  S.  if  you  Please  you  may  give  Mr.  Purdie  a 
Copy  of  the  inclosed  Papers  &  any  thing  else  you 
think  worth  the  notice  of  the  Public8 


FURTHER  DETAILS  OF  THE  BATTLE 

[Extract  from  a  letter  from  Staunton,  Virginia,  dated  No 
vember  4,  1774,  published  in  Pennsylvania  Gazette  Nov. 
16,  1774-  I4J57-] 

On  the  loth  of  October,  our  "Army  being  encamped 
in  the  Fork  of  the  Great  Kanhawa,  two  men  went 
out  early  to  hunt,  but  were  fired  upon  by  a  number 
of  Indians,  when  one  of  them  was  killed,  the  other 
made  his  escape,  and  brought  the  intelligence  to  the 
camp.  Colonel  Lewis  immediately  ordered  out  300 
men,  who,  after  marching  about  three  quarters  of  a 
mile,  before  sun-rise,  were  attacked  by  a  number 
(supposed  to  be  from  800  to  1000)  of  desperate  sav 
ages  ;  they  soon  made  our  men  retreat  about  one  quar 
ter  of  a  mile,  when  a  reinforcement  coming  up,  they 
continued  fighting  in  this  place  till  noon,  and  were 
never  above  twenty  yards  apart,  often  within  six,  and 
sometimes  close  together,  tomahawking  one  another. 
The  Indians  then  began  to  fall  back,  but  continued 
fighting  at  a  distance  till  night  came  on  and  parted 
them.  Such  a  battle  with  the  Indians,  it  is  imagined, 
was  never  heard  of  before.  We  had  upwards  of  50 


8  Alexander  Purdie  was  a  Scotchman  who  had  emigrated  to 
America  and  entered  the  printing  business  at  WilHamsburg, 
Va,  where  he  published  the  Virginia  Gazette.  He  died  in 
I779-— ED. 


296  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

men  killed,  and  90  wounded.  Amongst  the  slain  were 
many  brave  men,  both  officers  and  privates;  and  a 
Magistrate  of  this  place,  Mr.  Frog,  a  very  worthy 
Gentleman,  was  also  killed  so  eager  were  the  Indians 
for  his  scalp,  that  one  man  shot  three  of  them  over 
him,  endeavoring  by  turns  to  scalp  him.  The  num 
ber  of  Indians  killed  cannot  be  ascertained,  as  they 
were  continually  carrying  them  off,  and  throwing 
them  into  the  river,  but  from  the  tracks  of  blood,  the 
number  must  have  been  great.  Our  men  got  upwards 
of  20  scalps,  80  blankets,  about  40  guns,  and  a  great 
many  tomahawks;  and  intended  in  a  few  days  to  go 
over  the  river,  to  meet  the  Governor,  20  or  25  miles 
from  their  towns.  The  Indians  the  Governor  lately 
concluded  a  peace  with,  it  is  assured,  were  in  this  bat 
tle.  We  suppose  they  have  had  the  other  struggle 
before  this  time,  and  are  very  impatient  to  know  the 
issue. 

A  Gentleman  from  Virginia  has  favoured  us  with 
the  following  list  of  officers  killed  and  wounded  in  the 
above  engagement,  viz.  Killed.  Col.  Charles  Lewis, 
Col.  John  Field ;  Captains  John  Murray,  Robert 
M'Clenagan,  Samuel  Wilson,  and  James  Ward ;  Lieu 
tenant  Hugh  Allen;  and  Ensigns  Baker9  and  Can- 
diff. 

Wounded,  Captains  William  Fleming  (since  dead) 
John  Dickinson,  Thomas  Blueford  [Buford]  and 


9  Samuel  Baker  was  ensign  in  Henry  Pauling's  company  of 
Botetourt  troops.  Apparently,  the  report  of  his  death  was  a 
mistake.  He  lay  behind  a  log  that  was  raised  an  inch  or  two 
from  the  ground,  and  had  fired  several  shots  around  the  end, 
when  a  bullet  took  off  the  tip  of  his  mocassin.  Upon  finding 
himself  discovered,  he  left  the  place.  See  Draper  MSS., 
I2CC2.— ED. 


HOMEWARD  ROUTE  297 

John    Skidman    [Skidmore] ;    Lieutenants    Goldman, 
Robinson,  Lard  and  Vance. 

44  privates  killed,  and  79  wounded. 


HOMEWARD  ROUTE 

[Maj.  Arthur  Campbell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi2Q.] 

ROYAL  OAK  Nov.  4.  1774 

DEAR  SIR — After  I  parted  with  you  at  Sayers,  I  was 
informed  by  Ben.  Gray,  that  the  Men  from  Holstein 
and  Clinch,  on  the  Expedition  fully  intended  to  return 
by  the  Kentucke,  or  up  Sandy- Creek;  he  mentions 
so  many  of  their  reasons  for  returning  that  way  That 
I  am  perswaded  they  will  attempt  it,  except  they  get 
a  severe  Stroke  at  they  Towns. 

In  order  to  facilitate  their  March  up  Sandy,  Capt. 
Smith  intends  to  set  out  next  Monday,  with  a  small 
party  to  go  down  that  River,  about  10  or  15  Miles 
below  w[h]ere  Col.  Lewis  returned  from,10  and 
should  he  not  meet  any  of  them,  he  is  to  mark  they 
way  back,  and  give  directions  by  Writing  where  they 
best  hunting  is;  and  if  he  can  kill  some  meat,  when 
out,  he  intends  Barbicuing  it,  and  Scaffolding  it  up, 
leaving  directions  at  particular  passes  where  they  may 
find  it. 


10  This  refers  to  the  Sandy  Creek  expedition  of  1756,  led  by 
Colonel  (then  Major)  Andrew  Lewis.  When  within  a  few 
miles  of  the  Ohio,  they  were  obliged  to  return  because  of  the 
scarcity  of  provisions.  Colonel  Preston's  MS.  journal  of  the 
expedition,  in  which  he  commanded  a  company,  is  in  Draper 
MSS,  iQQ96.— ED. 


298  DUN  MORE' S  WAR 

I  have  also  Wrote  to  Mr.  Boone  to  be  in  readiness 
to  march  by  the  I5th,  Int.,  should  there  be  a  Necessity 
for  him  to  go  the  other  way,  to  meet  Capt.  Russell 
I  have  also  directed  him  to  send  out  two  or  three 
trusty  Hands,  immediately,  down  Louisa  to  make  dis 
covery  and  to  return  by  the  way  of  Cumberland  Gap. 
As  soon  as  you  hear  from  the  Army  again,  you  can 
be  a  judge,  whether  it  will  be  expedient  for  Mr.  Boone 
to  take  the  above  mentioned  trip,  Capt.  Smith  ex 
pects  to  return,  time  enough  to  go  with  him;  They 
want  only  to  take  a  small  party  of  40  or  50  on  pay 
and  I  Believe  twice  that  Number  will  go  on  their  own 
cost  to  meet  their  Friends. 

My  Mother,  and  Mother  in  Law,  is  extremely  un 
easy  since  they  heard  of  the  late  Battle.  Please  favour 
me  by  some  Speedy  method  with  the  first  accounts  you 
may  hear  from  the  Towns,  as  several  Persons  is  wait 
ing  to  know  which  way  to  go  to  meet  their  Friends. 
I  am  Sir  very  Respectfully  Yours, 

ARTHUR  CAMPBELL 

To  Colo.  William  Preston    pf.  fyr.  of  M.  Lorton 


FRONTIER  GUARDS  DISBANDED 

[Col.  William  Preston  to  Capt.  Joseph  Martin. 

SIR — I  reed,  yours  by  the  Bearer  in  which  your 
Request  some  more  ammunition  but  as  I  wrote  last 
night  to  Capt.  Penn  to  discharge  the  Company,  I  sup 
pose  there  will  not  be  Occasion  for  any  more.  Hear 
ing  from  the  Army,  and  the  reasonableness  to  believe 
that  the  Enemy  will  find  employment  enough  beyond 


NEWS  OF  WOUNDED 


299 


the  Ohio  induced  me  to  take  this  step;  and  the  rather 
as  the  season  was  far  advanced  &  the  soldiers  beyond 
their  Expectation  when  they  came  out. 

I  Beg  you  will  tell  the  Scouts  [to]  return  home  as 
I  forgot  to  mention  it  last  night  to  Captain  Penn. 

The  Schooll  Master  has  been  engaged  two  days  in 
drawing  Copies  of  the  Papers  sent  to  me  to  send  to 
Gentlemen  below.  I  have  however  made  him  send 
you  the  Return  of  the  killed  and  Wounded.  &  the 
State  of  the  Battle  shall  be  ready  for  you  as  you  re 
turn. 

I  am  Dr  Sir  your  most  hble  servt 

WM.  PRESTON 

4th  Novr.  1774. 

To  Capt  Joseph  Martin 


NEWS  OF  THE  WOUNDED 

[William  Bowyer  to  Mrs.  William  Fleming.    7^43-] 11 

STAUNTON,  Nov.  the  6*.  1774 

My  Dearest  Sister — I  am  Sincearly  Sorry  to  write 
or  inclose  you  Tidings  That  I  know  will  give  you 
much  Trouble.  I  would  not  have  done  so  but  for  fear 
bad  as  they  are  that  they  might  be  exagerated.  I 
think  from  what  my  Dear  friend  writes  he  will  stil 
Return  to  continue  you  happy.  I  hope  he  will,  there 
fore  pray  do  not  Anticipate  your  Trouble  before  it 
Realy  comes.  I  know  your  Tender  Heart  will  Sug 
gest  every  misfortune  that  possibly  might  attend  the 


11  Evidently  accompanying  and  enclosing  Col.  William 
Flemings  letter  of  October  13,  to  his  wife,  see  ante,  pp.  253, 
254-— ED. 


300 


DUNM ORE'S   WAR 


accident,  but  pray  do  not  so.     he  is  stil  In  the  hands 
&  under  the  protection  of  the  same  kind  preserver  of 
us  all     youl  Observe  many  worthy  men  were  Imedi- 
ately  Calld.  off  the  Stage  of  action  at  or  near  the  same 
time  he  Receivd.  [IT]  is  wounds,     he  is  stil  alive  there 
fore  instead  of  being  Sorrow  full  I  think  you  ought  to 
Rejoice  that  he  was  not  amoungst  the  dead,     give 
your  thoughts  a  Turn  this  way  &  I  think  it  will  give 
you   some   Relief.     The  man   is   waiting   I   cant    say 
more.     I  wish  time  would  admit  I  would  come  &  see 
you     my  Children  are  well  they  Both  Last  night  after 
in  bed   hopd.   there  Dady   Fleming  was   well   &  not 
Dead.     I   assure  you   that   they   Both   are   much   af 
fected.     Polly12   says   she   will   go  &    see   her   Dady 
Fleming  for  she  is  sure  her  mammy  will  Cry  all  Day. 
Pruey  says  her  Dady  Fleming  is  not  so  bad  or  he 
would  not  write  so  long  a  letter  &  that  she  is  sure 
mammy  fleming  will  not  Cry  when  she  sees  how  long 
&  well  he  writes     this  Little  pratling  of  theres  I  can 
not  Curb  or  stop     it  gives  me  joy  to  see  so  early  a 
Senceability   of  affection   in   my   Little   ones.     Pruey 
says   she   wishes   Dady   fleming   were   here   that   she 
might  Help  to  dress  his  wounds     I  will  nor  have  I 
time  to  ad[d]  more  but  this  fur  I  would  beg  of  you 
once  more  not  to  Suggest  the  worst  but  hope  for  the 
Best.     Other  accts.  that  I  have  Receivd  intimate  that 
the  wounds  are  not  very  Dangerous,  &  that  they  may 
not  [be]  I  sincearly  Join  you  to  hope. 
I  am  with  Sincear  affection  your  Brother 

WM.  BOWYSR 


12 Mary    (Polly)    Bowyer    afterwards    married    her    cousin 
Leonard,  son  of  Col.  William  Fleming. — ED. 


CLOSE  OF  CAMPAIGN  301 

Note  The  Dead  of  your  acquaintance  of  any  Dis 
tinction  are  Collo  Charles  Lewis  Ma  jr.  John  Fields 
Capt  Bob  M'Clenehan  Capt  John  Murry  Capt  Samuel 
Wilson  Capt  James  Ward  poor  John  Frogg  George 
Cameron 

No  doubt  but  you  [will]  see  before  this  comes  to 
hand  a  perticular  acct.  of  all  Killd  &  wounded. 


CLOSE  OF  THE  CAMPAIGN 

[Col.  William  Christian  to  Col.  William  Preston.  3QQi30.] 
SMITHFIELD  Tuesday  the  8  Nov*  '7413 

MY  DEAR  Sm — About  7OClock  this  morning  Capt 
Floyd  &  myself  got  there  [here]  on  our  return  from 
the  Indian  Country.  I  hear  you  are  not  expected 
home  before  Sunday,  if  You  stay  in  the  neighbour 
hood  of  the  Town  a  few  days  or  come  up  Roanoak  I 
hope  to  see  you  But  in  the  mean  time  I  will  say  a 
little  about  our  Journey. 

This  day  3  weeks  [Oct.  18]  our  Army  about  1150 
in  number  marched  from  the  Ohio,  and  on  the  Mon 
day  evening  following  we  encamped  within  about  3 
miles  from  A  Shawnese  Town  where  their  greatest 
force  were  Assembled.14  His  Lordships  Camp  was 

13  Christian  and  Floyd  arrived  at  Preston's  home  only  to 
find   that  the   latter   had  gone   East   on   business.     They   had 
made  the  return  journey  from  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha  in 
eight  days. — ED. 

14  Grenadier  Squaw's  Town ;  but  in  the  event  of  the  failure 
of  the  treaty  the  Indians  intended  to  make  their  final  stand  at 
Chillicothe  (Westfall) — see  ante,  p.  292,  note  7.     There  were 
several    small    towns    in    the    Pickaway    Plains :    Grenadier 
Squaw's  was  on   Scippo  Creek,  about  half  a  mile  above  its 
junction   with  Congo  Creek;   Cornstalk's,  about  a  half  mile 
farther  north,  beyond  Scippo  Creek. — ED. 


302  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

then  about  7  miles  from  us  &  about  6  miles  from  the 
Town,  we  intended  for  his  Camp  but  passed  the  path 
that  took  off  to  our  right  hand  expecting  he  had  en 
camped  nearer  the  Towns.15  That  day  we  were  met 


18Dunmore  had  arrived  at  Fort  Pitt  about  the  end  of 
August,  and  for  several  weeks  was  occupied  in  fruitless  nego 
tiations  with  the  Delaware,  Mingo,  and  Shawnee  chiefs,  the 
latter  of  whom  were  requested  to  meet  him  and  make  a  treaty 
somewhere  lower  down  the  Ohio  (Amer.  Archives,  4th  series, 
i,  pp.  873-875).  Accordingly  the  governor,  with  seven  hun 
dred  men,  set  out  in  canoes,  while  five  hundred  more,  under 
the  command  of  Maj.  William  Crawford,  marched  by  land 
and  conveyed  the  beeves  to  the  fort  at  the  site  of  Wheeling, 
where  they  arrived  Sept.  30  (Washington-Crawford  Letters, 
PP-  54  97)-  From  this  point  Crawford  marched  to  the  mouth 
of  Hockhocking,  and  crossing  his  forces  began  a  small  stock 
ade  named  Fort  Gower,  in  honor  of  the  English  earl  of  that 
name.  This  fort  was  on  the  upper  or  east  side  of  the  Hock- 
hocking,  quite  near  the  junction  of  the  two  rivers.  See  Hil- 
dreth,  Pioneer  History  of  Ohio  Valley  (Cincinnati,  1848),  p. 
93.  A  few  days  later,  the  remainder  of  the  army  arrived,  un 
der  Dunmore's  immediate  command ;  but  no  Indians  appeared, 
save  White-Eyes,  the  friendly  Delaware,  and  John  Montour, 
the  former  of  whom  was  sent  with  a  message  to  the  Shawnee. 
They  soon  returned,  bringing  word  of  the  absence  of  their 
warriors,  who  "had  gone  to  the  Southward  to  speak  with  the 
army  there."  Oct.  10,  the  sound  of  musketry  was  heard  at 
Fort  Gower ;  and  the  following  day  Dunmore  took  up  his 
march  for  the  Indian  towns,  hoping  to  get  between  them 
and  the  warrior's  band.  The  army  camped  the  first  night 
at  Federal,  and  the  second  at  Sunday  Creek,  both  in  Athens 
County.  At  the  third  camp,  near  the  village  of  Nelsonville, 
news  was  brought  from  Lewis  of  his  victory  which  occa 
sioned  great  joy  among  the  troops.  See  Draper  MSS.,  355-17. 
Two  days  later,  a  messenger  from  Cornstalk  appeared,  suing 
for  peace;  but  next  day  the  army  advanced  to  the  bank  of 
Scippo  Creek,  on  what  was  later  the  Win  ship  farm,  in  the 
southwest  quarter  of  section  twelve,  township  twelve,  range 
twenty-one,  where  a  rude  camp  was  formed,  named  by  the 
governor  for  the  English  queen,  Camp  Charlotte.  The  name 
was  written  with  red  chalk  on  a  peeled  sapling  and  placed  in 
the  centre  of  the  enclosure.  At  Camp  Charlotte,  the  nego 
tiations  with  the  Shawnee  chiefs  had  made  considerable 
progress,  when  the  approach  of  Lewis's  army  alarmed  the  In 
dians. — ED, 


CLOSE  OF  CAMPAIGN 


3°3 


by  several  expresses  from  his  Lordship,  the  last  one 
informing  us  that  he  had  concluded  a  peace.  As  we 
went  on  further  than  was  expected  The  Indians  who 
watched  every  motion  of  our  army,  informed  the 
Govr.  that  we  had  not  stopt  but  were  pushing  strait 
for  their  Towns  &  would  be  in  that  day  (which  we 
could  have  done).  His  Lordship  with  the  Interpreter 
Mr.  Gibson  &  an  Indian  Chief  &  50  men  came  to  our 
Camp  at  Dusk.16  The,  next  day  he  called  the  Cap 
tains  together,  told  what  he  had  [done]  &  desired  us 
to  return  home.  We  began  our  March  that  day,  all 
but  about  50  Fincastle  men  who  went  to  the  other 
Camp,  on  Friday  night  we  reached  Point  Pleasant, 
on  Sunday  evening  the  greatest  part  of  the  Fincastle 
&  Augusta  Troops  set  out  for  home,  every  body  being 
anxious. 

Capt.  Russell  is  to  remain  with  50  men  at  point 
Pleasant  untill  the  Assembly  can  be  applyd  to. 

The  Mingoes  refused  to  comply  with  the  terms  of 
the  Treaty,  when  his  Lordship  was  at  our  Camp  he 
had  about  8  of  their  men  under  confinement.  Tues 
day  night  after  he  returned  to  his  own  Camp  he  de 
tached  250  men  who  reached  a  mingo  Town  the  fol 
lowing  night,  killed  5  &  took  14  prisoners  chiefly 
Women  &  Children  the  rest  escaping  under  Cover  of 
the  Night.17  The  Plunder  to  a  considerable  Amount 


16  In  later  years,  Col.  Andrew  Lewis's  son  wrote  to  Dr. 
Campbell  that  his  father  was  obliged  to  double  or  treble  the 
guard  around  his  tent,  while  the  governor  was  present,  in  or 
der  to  preserve  him  from  the  wrath  of  the  backwoods  sol 
diers,  who  were  incensed  at  being  turned  back  when  in  sight 
of  their  prey.  See  Va.  Hist.  Register,  i,  p.  32. — ED. 

1TThis  was  the  expedition  led  by  Maj.  William  Crawford, 
which  conducted  the  only  offensive  action  of  Dunmore's  divi 
sion  of  the  army.  George  Rogers  Clark  and  Joseph  Bow- 


304  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

was  brought  away,  &  the  Town  burned  down.18  This 
Intelligence  came  by  Jno.  Howe  who  was  with  the 
Party  &  overtook  me  at  Elk.  There  is  another  Mingo 
Town  nearer  Pt.  Pleasant.19  I  doubt  the  Govr.  cannot 
take  that  for  want  of  Provisions 

The  Shawnese  proposed  laying  themselves  at  the 
Govrs.  mercy  &  told  him  to  make  the  Terms  &  they 
should  be  complied  with.  He  proposed  their  deliver 
ing  up  all  the  Prisoners  &  paying  for  what  Stores  &c 
they  had  taken  since  last  war.  And  never  more  to 
make  war  or  disturb  us.  for  the  Two  first  he  takes 
two  of  their  Chiefs  with  him  to  Wm.burg  &  for  the 
last  four  Chiefs  or  the  Sons  of  such.  I  dont  know 
abt.  the  other  articles  but  Knox  &  howe  tells  me  that 
there  is  something  about  their  never  coming  over  to 
our  settlements  but  to  Trade.20 


man,  later  concerned  with  the  capture  of  the  Illinois,  were 
members  of  this  party.  The  town  visited  by  them  was  known 
as  Seekonk,  or  Salt  Lick  Town  (sometimes  Hill  Town),  and 
was  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Scioto,  near  Columbus, 
about  opposite  the  Ohio  state  penitentiary.  Two  other  small 
Mingo  villages  were  in  the  vicinity.  For  account  of  this  raid 
written,  by  the  leader,  see  Washington-Crawford  Letters,  pp. 
55,  56.  The  numbers  o-f  men  and  enemy  killed  differ  slightly 
from  Christian's  account.  For  traditions  of  this  event,  see 
Lee,  City  of  Columbus  (N.  Y.  and  Chicago,  1892),  pp.  97- 
99. — ED. 

18  The  booty  taken  was  sold  for  £305,  15  shillings,  and  was 
to  be  divided  among  Crawford's  men.    The  booty  from  Mc 
Donald's  Wakatomica  expedition,  reported  at  the  same  time, 
was  only  £35,  n  shillings,  3  pence.     See  Journal  of  Virginia 
House  of  Delegates,  Dec.  9,  1776.— ED. 

19  Probably    Horse-head    Bottom    town,  situated    on    Pine 
Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Little  Scioto  in  the  county  of  that 
name.    This  was  the  Mingo  town  that  the  party  from  the 
neighborhood  of  Wheeling  started  to  attack  in  April,   1774, 
from  which  enterprise  they  were  dissuaded  by  Capt.  Michael 
Cresap.     See  Mayer,  Logan  and  Cresap,  pp.  88,  150. — ED. 

20  Compare  with  these  terms  those  reported  by  Crawford 
(Washington-Crawford  Letters,  p.   54),   and  Dunmore's   ac- 


CLOSE  OF  CAMPAIGN  305 

Last  Friday  was  two  weeks  [Oct.  21]  Logan  a 
famous  Chief21  went  home  with  a  little  boy  a  son  of 
Roberts  on  Holston  &  two  of  Blackmores  Negroes. 
He  said  He  had  taken  them  on  the  Fronteers  next  the 
Cherokee  Country  &  had  killed  I  think  either  5  or  7 
people.  The  boy  and  negroes  will  be  soon  in. 


count  in  his  letter  of  Dec.  24,  post.  For  a  history  of  the  sub 
sequent  negotiations  see  Preface  to  the  present  volume. 
Three  of  the  hostages  were  Chenusaw,  also  called  "the 
Judge,"  Cuttenwa,  and  Newa. — ED. 

21  The  following  brief  biography  of  Logan  is  abridged  from 
a  manuscript  life  in  the  Draper  MSS.,  2D,  chap.  12.  The 
father  of  Logan  was  a  French  child  who,  captured  when 
quite  young,  'had  been  adopted  into  the  Oneida  tribe,  and  be 
came  a  chief  of  much  influence  among  the  Indians  of  the 
Susquehanna.  Logan's  mother  was  a  Cayuga,  hence  this  was 
his  tribe.  For  many  years  he  lived  at  Shamokin  (now  Sun- 
bury),  in  the  Susquehanna  valley,  and  was  usually  known  as 
John  Shikellimo,  his  appellation  Logan  being  in  honor  of 
James  Logan,  secretary  of  the  province ;  his  Indian  name  was 
Tachnechdorus  (branching  oak  of  the  forest).  During  the 
French  and  Indian  War  he  maintained  a  strict  neutrality, 
even  seeking  refuge  in  Philadelphia  from  the  wiles  of  the 
savage  allies  of  the  French.  Obliged  to  abandon  his  ances 
tral  home,  he  lived  in  various  places  in  Pennsylvania — for 
several  years  in  the  Kishacoquillas  valley,  whose  pioneers 
later  told  tales  of  his  kindness,  generosity,  and  general  good 
will  except  when  under  the  influence  of  liquor.  About  1772, 
he  removed  to  the  Ohio,  and  it  was  at  his  town  on  Yellow 
Creek  that  the  affray  occurred  on  April  30,  1774,  that  has  been 
cited  as  the  occasion  for  Dunmore's  War.  Having  glutted 
his  vengeance  by  four  prolonged  raids,  during  the  summer 
and  autumn  of  this  year,  Logan  returned  to  the  native  towns, 
after  the  negotiations  with  Lord  Dunmore  for  peace  had  be 
gun.  The  date  of  his  arrival,  as  here  given  by  Christian,  is 
proof  that  he  was  not  in  the  battle  at  Point  Pleasant.  Notic 
ing  his  absence,  Lord  Dunmore  sent  his  interpreter,  John 
Gibson,  to  bring  him  to  the  conference.  Logan  refused  to  go, 
and  upon  that  occasion  delivered  the  now  famous  speech,  so 
generally  quoted  as  an  example  of  Indian  eloquence,  to  which 
Jefferson  paid  high  tribute  in  his  Notes  on  Virginia.  There 
grew  up  an  animated  controversy  concerning-  the  genuineness 
of  this  speech,  and  its  attribution  of  the  murder  to  Cresap. 

20 


306  VUNMORE'S   WAR 

It  is  a  general  opinion  in  the  Govrs.  army  that  the 
peace  with  the  Shawnese  will  be  lasting.22 

Many  of  our  wounded  men  died  since  the  Accounts 
of  the  battle  came  in,  I  think  there  are  near  70  Dead. 
Capt.  Buford  &  Lieut.  Goldman  &  7  or  8  more  died 
whilst  we  were  over  Ohio  &  more  will  yet  die. 

Colo.  Fleming  is  in  a  fair  way  to  recover  and  I 
think  out  of  danger  if  he  dont  catch  cold.  Him  & 
Capt.  Dickeson  sett  of[f]  Monday  was  a  week  from 
the  Point  in  a  Canoe  &  will  come  from  Elk  or  Kellys 
on  horseback.23  all  the  wounded  are  coming  in  who 
Can  ride,  some  must  Stay  untill  they  get  better. 

I  dare  say  the  Army  is  now  scattered  from  Elk  to 
the  levels,  perhaps  from  Point  pleasant  to  the  Warm 
Springs,  all  in  little  Companys.  Many  of  the  Fin- 


It  is  now  admitted  that  the  substance  of  the  speech,  as  it  has 
come  down  to  us,  was  actually  delivered  by  Logan,  but  that 
he  was  mistaken  in  attributing  the  murder  of  his  family  to 
Cresap.  See  Jacob,  Life  of  Cresap;  Mayer,  Logan  and 
Cresap  (especially  documents  in  appendix  to  edition  of  1867)  » 
Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West,  i,  pp.  236-239,  347-352.  The 
rest  of  Logan's  life  is  sunk  in  obscurity.  He  removed  to 
Pluggy's  Town,  on  the  Scioto,  then  to  the  waters  of  Mad 
River,  in  Logan  County,  and  later  to  the  neighborhood  of 
Detroit.  He  saved  Kenton  from  the  stake  in  1778,  and  the 
next  year  was  recognized  in  a  savage  raiding  party  in  south 
west  Virginia.  See  Draper  MSS.,  sQQu.  He  was  killed  by 
one  of  his  own  relatives  on  his  way  home  from  Detroit  in 
1780.  His  epitaph  may  be  given  in  his  own  statement,  that 
"he  knew  he  had  two  souls,  the  one  good  and  the  other  bad ; 
when  the  good  soul  had  the  ascendant,  he  was  kind  and 
humane,  and  when  the  bad  soul  ruled,  he  was  perfectly  sav 
age,  and  delighted  in  nothing  but  blood  and  carnage."  See 
Amer.  Pioneer,  i,  p.  350. — ED. 

22  See  letter  of  Arthur  St.  Clair,  Dec.  4,  1774,  in  Penna. 
'Archives,  iv,  pp.  386,  387. — ED. 

23  Kelly's  Creek  is  a  small  affluent  of  the  Kanawha,  about 
twelve  miles  below  the  Falls,  where  Walter  Kelly  was  killed 
by  Indians  in  the  spring  of  1774. — ED. 


CLOSE  OF  CAMPAIGN 


307 


castle  men  crossed  at  Pt.  Pleasant  &  intended  to  steer 
for  Clinch,  others  at  Kellys.  I  beg  of  you  if  you  can 
get  any  Oppy.  to  inform  Mrs.  Fleming  of  her  hus 
bands  being  on  his  way,  He  walks  about  constantly 
all  day.  He  had  plenty  of  people  to  take  care  of  him. 

Colo.  Lewis  I  think  will  be  in  the  first  of  next  week, 
perhaps  some  longer.  When  I  saw  the  Goyr.  he  said 
he  would  hasten  to  Wm.burg  to  meet  the  Assembly 
whom  he  expected  would  adjourn  from  day  to  day, 
untill  he  could  get  there.  He  will  go  very  quick.24 

Pray  show  this  to  Mr.  Madison.  I  will  see  him  the 
last  of  this  week  1  hope  on  my  way  to  Hanover.  If  I 
knew  certainly  of  y.  coming  up  Catawba  I  would  go 
that  way  to  meet  you.  I  wish  the  other  road  may 
please  you  as  well. 

I  am  Sir  as  usual  Yours  Ever 

WM  CHRISTIAN 

To  Colo.  William  Preston,  at  Bottetourt 


24Dunmore  arrived  in  Williamsburg,  December  4.  The 
city,  the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  and  the  governor's 
council  presented  him  with  congratulatory  addresses  (Amer. 
Archives,  i,  pp.  1014,  1019,  1043;.  The  following  March,  the 
convention  of  the  colony  resolved  "that  the  most  cordial 
thanks  of  the  people  of  this  colony  are  a  tribute  justly  due  to 
our  worthy  Governour,  Lord  Dunmore,  for  h:s  truly  noble, 
wise,  and  spirited  conduct,  on  the  late  expedition  against  our 
Indian  enemy;  a  conduct  which  at  once  evinces  his  Excel 
lency's  attention  to  the  true  interests  of  this  colony,  and  a 
zeal  in  the  executive  department  which  no  dangers  can  divert, 
or  difficulties  hinder,  from  achieving  the  most  important 
services  to  the  people  who  have  the  happiness  to  live  under 
his  administration"  (Journal  of  the  Convention  1775,  p.  7). 
This  was  passed  by  the  political  enemies  of  Dunmore,  and 
those  assembled  in  opposition  to  the  royal  party.  See  also 
address  of  Fincastle  County  inhabitants,  in  Amer.  Archives, 
4th  series,  ii,  301. — ED. 


308  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

THE  GARRISON  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 

[Capt.  William  Russell  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi32.] 

MY  DEAR  CoiA — I  have  at  length  obtained  liberty 
to  return  from  Hochocing,  and  did  Arrive  here  yester 
day.  I  took  leave  of  his  Lordship  at  Fort  Gower, 
who,  at  that  Time  Embark'd  for  Fort  Pit;25  Colo. 
Stephen  was  ordered  to  wait  there,  a  Day  longer  to 
see,  if  the  Mingoes  brought  in  the  Hostages  as  was 
expected,  during  which  time  Colo.  Stephen  detained 
me  to  see,  if  the  Mingoes  wood  come  in,  as  was  ex 
pected,  and  after  waiting  his  Lordships  appointed 
time,  that  pefidious  Tribe  fail'd  in  coming  according 
[to]  Appointment;  when  It  appear'd  quite  uncertain 
whether,  their  Determination  was  for  War,  or  Peace, 
so  that  Colo.  Stephen  ordered  the  number  of  fifty,  al 
lowed  at  this  Garrison,  to  be  Augmented  to  seventy 
five,  and  a  few  more  to  be  continued  as  Artificers,  till 
the  Fort  is  compleated. 

At  my  coming  down  to  this  place,  I  found  nothing 
done  to  the  Fort,  sutable  for  a  defensitive  Garrisson, 
nor  was  there  more  Flower  left  in  the  Magazine  than 
will  serve  us  at  half  allowance,  Eight  Days.  One  hun 
dred  and  sixty  Beves  Colo.  Lewis  writes  me,  the  Com- 
missarys  return'd  left  in  the  Woods,  of  them  I  wish 
we  may  get  80  or  100  so  that  at  present  we  are  in 


25Dunmore's  army  broke  up  into  small  squads,  which 
found  their  way  back  to  Fort  Pitt  as  best  they  might.  The 
men  suffered  for  lack  of  provisions,  and  were  chiefly  depend 
ent  upon  what  game  could  be  killed.  One  party  shot  eighteen 
turkeys  on  an  island  in  the  Ohio.  Cornstalk  and  his  sister, 
the  Grenadier  Squaw,  accompanied  Lord  Dunmore  to  Hock- 
hocking.  Grim's  Recollections,  Draper  MSS.,  147201. — ED. 


POINT  PLEASANT  GARRISON  309 

(should  the  Indians  prove  mischievous)  a[s]  Defenc- 
less  situation  as  poor  wretches  e,ver  were.  We  expect 
flower  down  from  the  Levels  of  Green  Briar  but  I 
much  fear  the  men  on  their  return  Home,  will  plun 
der  chief  of  that,  in  Short  our  chieff  dependence  must 
be  on  poor  Colo.  Fields  Corn,  or  Docter  Biscoes  up 
the  Ohio.  I  wood  esteem  it  a  favour,  that  you  wood 
try  to  procure  some  Flower  for  us,  if  any  can  be  had 
in  your  Quarter,  or  if  the  season  wood  Admit,  to 
Write  to  Mr.  Mathews  to  send  us  some  to  Colo. 
Field's  Plantation,  from  whence,  we  could  Battoe  it 
down  to  this  place.28  When  I  took  water  at  Hochoc- 
ing  to  come  down,  two  white  Men  and  a  Captive 
Negroe  of  Blackmores,  with  a  Horse  for  each  Man, 
sot  out  to  come  down  by  Land.  They  might  have 
been  here  two  Days  past ;  but  at  present  there  is  not 
the  least  Acct.  of  them,  I  much  fear  the  Indians  have 
kilPd  them,  or  as  the  Governor  has  a  parcel  of  Pris 
oners  taken  at  Hill  Town,  of  the  Mingoes ;  I  fear  they 
will  try  to  get  as  many  of  our  People,  to  redeem  theirs, 
reather  then  give  Hostages,  especially  if  they  intend  to 
be  troublesome  hereafter.  When  I  came  to  this  Place 
I  had  not  the  least  thought  of  remaining  here  but  ap- 
ply'd  to  My  Ld.  by  Letter,  before  I  saw  him  to  In 
dulge  me  with  a  Post,  if  any  should  be  Established  at 
the  Falls,  or  Kentuckey.  His  Excellency  thinking  it 
Inconvenient  to  have  that  done,  uppon  the  Receipt  of 
.your  Letter,  and  Colo.  Christian,  thought  fit  to  con- 


26  Field's  plantation  was  near  Kelly's,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
creek  of  that  name.  See  Stuart's  "Narrative"  in  Mag.  of 
Amer.  History,  i,  p.  674.  "Battoe  it  down"  means  to  convey 
it  down  the  river  in  a  batteau,  or  flat-bottomed  boat. — ED. 


310  DUNM ORE'S    WAR 

tinue  me  here,  but  told  me  he  intended  to  have  an  Es 
tablished  Post  at  the  Falls,  as  quick  as  Possible ;  when 
I  should  be  removed  their.  This  favour  done  me, 
lays  me  under  the  most  lasting  obligation  to  you,  and 
am  sorry,  that  my  sinceer  thanks  is  all  I  can  return, 
at  this  time  for  so  lasting  a  favour  done  me  wh[ich]  I 
trust  in  god  may  be  of  service  to  my  helpless  family 
who  do  look  upon  it  as  such  intended  by  you.  I  only 
hope,  should  anything  Occur  hereafter,  in  which  I 
could  serve  you,  you  will  pleas  to  call  upon  me ;  when 
I  will  exert  myselfe,  with  a  most  harty  willingness 

I  have  much  to  say  to  you  respecting  this  Expedi 
tion  ;  but  my  confus'd  Business  here,  at  this  Time  wont 
permit  me,  and  as  I  hope  to  wait  on  you  in  the  Holly- 
days,  It  may  not  be  disagreeable  then.  I  wanted  much 
to  write  to  Capt.  Floyd,  but  as  Mr.  Jones  is  in  haste, 
I  must  beg  his  excuses.  I  hope  this  will  find  you,  and 
Lady  well,  and  that  God  may  long  continue  you  both 
so,  is  the  real  wish  of,  my  Dr.  Col.  your  most  Obed* 
Humble  Servt. 

W  RUSSEU, 

Fort  Blair,  at  Point  Pleasant  Nov*.  the  12^.  I7742T 

27  Fort  Blair  was  a  small  palisaded  rectangle,  about  eighty 
yards  long,  with  blockhouses  at  two  of  its  corners.  The  last 
official  act  of  Lord  Dunmore  in  June,  1775,  is  said  to  have 
been  the  disbanding  of  its  garrison.  See  Amer.  Archives,  4th 
series,  ii,  p.  1189.  But  the  Virginia  assembly  hastened  to  re 
establish  the  garrison  (Ibid,  iii,  370),  and  a  short  distance  up 
the  Ohio,  a  new  stockade  was  built,  called  Fort  Randolph. 
Captain  Arbuckle  commanded  here  for  several  years,  and  here 
Cornstalk  was  killed  (Nov.  1777).  Two  different  attempts 
were  made  by  the  Shawnee  to  avenge  their  chieftain's  mur 
der,  but  the  garrison  withstood  the  siege,  and  the  walls  of 
Fort  Randolph  stood  until  near  the  close  of  the  Revolution. 
Col.  Andrew  Lewis,  Jr.,  found  but  slight  remains  of  a  fort  at 
this  place,  in  1784.  See  Va.  Hist.  Register,  i,  p.  33. — ED. 


LEWIS  MO  URN  ED  3 1 1 

N.  B.  I  have  Inclosed  for  your  satisfaction ;  an  Ad 
dress  of  the  Officers  with  my  IA  considering  the 
greivances  of  British  America,  which  I  shall  be  glad 
you  wood  send  to  Colo.  Christian.28 

To  Col.  William  Preston  in  Fincastle. 


CHARLES  LEWIS  MOURNED 

[Thomas  Lewis  to  Col.  William  Preston.    3QQi3i-l 

STAUNTON  Thursday  Nobr  Court29  1774 
DEAR  WILL — You  will  readily  agree  I  am  not  well 
Situated  at  this  time  &  place  to  return  your  favors,  of 
Nobr.  ^th  what  Can  I  Say  to  you,  your  have  Con 
jured  up  a  Set  of  reflections  in  my  breast  that  had 
begun  to  Subside,  but  you  were  good  in  this.  I  cant 
Enter  on  ye  Subject,  but  at  ye  Same  time  Cannot  for 
get  ye  Sentiments  you  have  Expressed  with  so  much 
Energy ;  the  Dictates  of  a  warm  &  affectionat  Friend- 


28  This  address  was  drafted  at  Fort  Gower,  Nov.  5,  1774, 
and  states  that  having  lived  in  the  woods  three  months  with 
out   intelligence    from   Boston   or   the    delegates   at   Philadel 
phia,  the  signers  fear  that  their  countrymen  may  be  jealous 
of  the  use  of  arms  by  so  large  a  body  of  men  at  such  a  criti 
cal  juncture;  but  they  will  use  them  for  no  other  purpose 
than   the  honor  of  America   and  Virginia.     The.  resolutions 
assert  loyalty  to  the  king  while  "he  delights  to  reign  over  a 
brave  and  free  people,"  but  love  of  liberty  outweighs  all  other 
considerations;  they  also  express  the  respect  entertained   for 
Lord  Dunmore,  and  believe  that  the  campaign  was  undertaken 
from  no  other  motive  than  the  true  interest  of  this  country. 
See  Amer.  Archives,  i,  pp.  962,  963. — ED. 

29  About  Nov.  15.— L.  C.  D. 


312  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

ship. — but  tio  more  of  this  at  present. — I  am  Obliged 
to  you  for  ye  attention  you  paid  to  my  Information  on 
an  Intresting  affair,  if  you  Could  add  any  thing  to 
your  Kindness  to  ye  memory  of  your  Friend  it  would 
be  by  Saying  Something  to  ye  Printer,  it  Cann't,  Come 
with  propriety  from  me;  I  have  no  Talents  for  a 
thing  of  the  kind,  nor  would  I  have  any  thing  Said  of 
him  but  the  truth.  Ye  Cherokee  paper  gives  me  pleas- 
sure,  as  it  promises  peace  in  that  Quarter.  I  perceive 
you  are  mistaken  in  Cressops  affair  but  Cannot  now 
Set  you  Right,  I  was  on  the  Ohio  at  ye  time  of  action 
&  am  well  Informed  of  the  truth,  on  the  part  of  Cres- 
sop  it  was  murder,  may  god  preserve  you  in  famely 
&  property,  may  you  never  feel  what  I  do  at  present, 
more  Distressing  than  You  Can  Conceive  adue  Dr. 
Friend 

THOS.  Lewis80 


30  Thomas  Lewis,  elder  brother  of  Andrew  and  Charles, 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  1718.  Emigrating  with  his  father  to 
Augusta  County,  he  became  prominent  in  public  affairs,  al 
though  by  defective  eyesight  debarred  from  military  service. 
A  man  of  culture  and  refinement,  he  had  one  of  the  largest 
libraries  in  the  West,  and  was  a  mathematician  of  some  note. 
For  many  years  he  held  the  office  of  surveyor  of  Augusta 
County,  and  frequently  served  in  the  house  of  burgesses.  In 
1775  he  was  delegate  to  the  Virginia  convention,  and  later 
voted  for  the  United  States  constitution  in  the  ratifying  con 
vention  (1788).  He  was  also  employed  as  Indian  commis 
sioner,  and  for  many  years  was  a  local  magistrate.  He  died 
at  his  home,  named  "Lewiston,"  in  Rockingham  County,  Jan. 
31.  1790.— ED. 


'FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


COLONEL    FLEMING'S    ORDERLY    BOOK 

[Journal  of  the  Expedition.    2ZZ;2.]31 

[Se]ptr.  4    CAMP  UN  [ION] 

The  Guard  to  mount  this  day  as  Yesterfday]  Capt. 
I  Lieutt.  i  Ensign.  3  Sergeants  &  fifty  [MS.  torn] 
[in] quest  of  the  Enemy  &  Divide  in  such  small  parties 
[MS.  torn]  thought  most  likely  to  discover  &  Annoy 
the  Enemy.  [MS.  torn]  but  little  or  no  probability  of 
coming  up  with  them  to  d[MS.  torn]  they  may  return 
to  Camp.  I  beg  the  Officers  to  exert  themselves  in 
preventing  the  men  of  their  respective  Compies.  from 
the  infamous  practice  of  shooting  away  their  Ammuni 
tion  ;  let  the  weather  be  ever  so  wett  they  are  not  to 
fire  without  the  leave  of  their  Officers,  if  this  order 
be  not  complied  with  no  more  ammunition  can  be  dis 
tributed  at  his  Camp  and  I  hope  the  Capts.  will  read 
or  cause  to  be  read  to  their  men  every  order  by  which 
their  conduct  is  to  be  regulated.  A  Sergeant  &  12  men 
to  march  to  the  ford  of  the  River  Green  Briar  in  order 
to  eschort  any  Baggage  or  Brigades  that  may  be  com 
ing  in  to  day.  if  none  arrives  at  the  foard  to  day  the 
party  is  to  [MS.  torn]  morrow. 


31  The  manuscript  book  of  Col.  William  Fleming,  used  for 
orderly  purposes,  and  containing  also  a  journal  of  the  expedi 
tion,  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Draper  from  the  descendants  of 
Colonel  Fleming.  The  book  is  7^2x6  inches  in  size,  and  com 
posed  of  28  sheets,  some  of  which  are  considerably  mutilated 
on  the  corners  and  edges.  As  will  be  seen  later,  the  entries 
after  Fleming  was  wounded  at  Point  Pleasant,  are  in  the 
handwriting  of  John  Todd. — ED. 


DUN M ORE'S   WAR 


Sepf.  sth.  [Parole]  Scotland 

The  Guard  as  Usual.  20  Men  to  be  paraded  imme 
diately  &  to  be  Mounted  on  horses,  which  the  pack 
horse  Masters  are  to  furnish  to  scour  the  Woods  all 
round  the  Camp  at  about  two  miles  distance  in  order 
to  dislodge  any  Scouting  Indians  &  make  it  safe  for 
the  Pack  horse  men  to  gather  up  their  horses.  A  Capt. 
&  50  Men  properly  assigned  to  go  in  quest  of  the  In 
dians  that  were  discovered  Yesterday  to  be  divided 
into  parties  &  to  Return  in  the  Evening  unless  they 
have  a  probability  of  overtaking  them.  If  Mr  Posey 
has  not  sent  off  the  full  Number  of  Horses  to  the 
Warm  Springs  Yesterday  that  were  ordered  [he  is]  to 
send  off  this  day  the  Remainder  [MS.  torn] 

CAMP  UNION  Septr  5,  1774 

[MS.  torn]  illiam  [MS.  torn]  i  Capt.  I  Lieut.  I  En- 
sign.  2  Sergts.  i  Corp.  [blank  in  MS.]  R[ank]  &  File 
of  Botetourt  Line  to  Mount  Guard.  Colo.  Lewis  with 
the  [Au]gusta  Troops.  &  Capt.  Arbuckles  Compy. 
from  Botetourt  to  march  as  soon  as  they  possibly  can 
get  in  Readiness  to  take  with  him  400  horses  loaded 
with  Flower,  Salt  &  Tools  &  what  beef  Cattle  are  at 
this  place,  the  Kettles  that  are  expected  this  Morn 
ing  are  to  be  distributed  amongst  the  whole  in  equal 
proportion  to  the  Number  of  each  line,  the  Compys. 
that  are  to  March  to  be  compleated  to  1/4  lb  powder 
&  1/2  Ib  ball  each  man.  One  of  the  Acting  Com- 
misarys  to  attend  the  Marching  division 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


315 


Return  [of]  Troops  from  Botetourt  on  the  Expedi- 
{t]ion  against  the  Ohio  Indians  1774  Septr.  7 


Companies. 
Colo.  Wm.  Fleming 

Commissd 
Officers 

Non  Com- 
missiond  Os 

Rank  &  File 

3 
.2 

I 
1 

I 

•2 

| 

I 

Capt.  Phil  Love 
Capt  Thos.  Buford 
Capt.  Arbuckle 
Capt.  Jno.  Lewia 
Capt.  JQO.  Murray 
Capt.  Jno.  Stewart 
Capt.  Robt.  McClennachan 
Capt.  Henry  Paulin 

1 

i 
2 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

3 
4 
4 
4 

5 
3 
4 
4 

38 
44 

59 
64 
67 
34 
41 
53 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

7 

31 

2 

4 

400 
53 

Shelby          52 
Fields  38 

Russel  50 


453 


140 

"595 


CAMP  UNION  ON  THE  LEVELS  OF  GREEN  [BRIER  Sept.  7.] 
The  Guard  the  same  as  Yesterday.  Mr  Posey  is 
order'd  to  have  the  Packhorses  that  are  Missing  ga[th- 
ered]  in  with  all  possible  speed  and  to  Charge  the 
Packhorse  Masters  to  hold  their  Respective  Brigades 
as  they  come  in  in  Readiness  at  a  call.  And  the  Com- 


32  These  were  the  companies  at  Camp  Union,  included  in  the 
Botetourt  regiment  under  Colonel  Fleming,  but  enlisted  in 
Fincastle  and  Culpeper  counties. — ED. 


316  DVNMORE'S  WAR 

missarys  are  to  have  all  the  Cattle  that  have  been  lost 
on  the  way  or  at  this  Camp  to  be  gathered  in  and  to 
look  out  a  proper  place  as  convenient,  as  can  be  found 
to  the  Camp  for  a  bullock  Pasture  that  a  guard  may  be 
ordered  to  such  place.  The  Sutlers  are  forbid  dis 
tributing  Liquors  in  such  Quantities  as  will  make  any 
of  the  Troops  drunk — otherwise  a  totall  stop  will  be 
put  to  the  Retailing  of  Liquors.  The  Butchers  to 
have  a  Slaughtering  pen  made,  that  they  may  kill  the 
Cattle  otherwise  than  by  Shooting  them 

CAMP  UNION  Sepf.  8t&.  1774  Parole  Boston 
A  Capts  Guard  to  mount  as  usual.  A  Sergiant  & 
12  men  for  a  Grass  Guard,  four  faling  &  one  broad 
Ax  to  be  delivered  to  each  Company  the  Capts.  to 
cause  them  to  be  ground  &  helved  And  the  greatest 
care  taken  that  they  be  not  lost  either  in  Camp  or  on 
the  March.  Mr  Posey  to  report  the  Number  of  Pack 
horses  he  has  at  this  place  and  the  Commissary  to 
cause  the  bullocks  that  were  lost  to  be  gathered  to 
gether,  &  Report  the  Number  of  Cattle  every  Even 
ing.  The  Grass  Guard  to  be  kept  at  the  Field  in  which 
the  Cattle  were  last  Night  in  which  Field  the  [y  are  to 
be]  kept  every  night.33 

33 In  the  Draper  MSS.  (nZZi-i3)  there  is  the  copy  of  an 
orderly  book  kept  by  James  Newell,  who  acted  as  ensign  in 
Captain  Herbert's  company — see  Christian's  letter  of  Sept.  3, 
ante.  This  was  given  to  Dr.  Draper  by  Ben  Rush  Floyd, 
who  procured  the  original  from  a  daughter  of  Newell,  Mrs. 
Adams  Sanders,  of  Wythe  County,  Va.  As  this  has  recently 
been  published  in  the  Virginia  Historical  Magazine,  xi,  pp. 
242-253,  from  a  transcript  made  from  the  Draper  MSS.,  and 
as  the  orders  but  duplicate  those  in  Colonel  Fleming's  book, 
we  have  decided  to  give,  in  the  form  of  notes,  only  such  por 
tions  of  Newell's  journal  as  present  additional  material;  and 
where  Fleming's  journal  is  torn,  we  supply  the  lacunae  from 
Newell's. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


317 


[Return  of]  Troops  from  Fincastle  on  the  Expedi 
tion  against  the  Ohio  Indians  Sept  Qth.  1774 


Commisd 

Offrs. 

Non 
Comd 
Do 

Bank  &  File 

Companies. 

1 

s 

B 

fl£ 

t-i 

09 

8 

a 

49 

1 

1 
1 

1 

c, 

Drumm 

& 

<AA 
A*1 
O 

Armour 

1 

H 

1 

w 

I 

Drovers 

Colo.  Wm  Christian 

. 

Capt   Waif  Crocket 

1 

1 

1 

3 

. 

48 

Capt.  Wm  Herbert 

1 

1 

3 

40 

Capt.  Wm  Russel 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

42 

Capt.  Evan  Shelby 

1 

1 

1 

3 

. 

1 

41 

Capt.  Wm.  Campbel 

1 

1 

3 

1 

40 

Capt.  Ja«.  Harrod 

1 

1 

1 

2 

. 

22 

1 

1 

2 

1 

6 

5 

4 

16 

• 

3 

233 

1 

1 

2 

1 

CAMP  UNION  Septr.  pth  Parole  York 
;A  Capts.  Guard  to  mount  as  usual.  [Sergeant  and 
12  men]  for  the  Grass  Guard,  each  Capt  to  inspect 
his  Comp  [  any,  and  report  the  ]  Number  of  such,  as 
also  of  such  as  they  may  think  [not  fully  fit]  to  un 
dergo  the  fatigue  of  the  Expedition.  Maj.  Ingliss  [to 
report]  the  Number  of  Pack  Horses  at  this  Camp  ex 
clusive  of  [those]  from  Fincastle.  Mr  Simms34  to 


34  Charles  Simms  afterwards  entered  the  continental  army, 
being  first  major  of  the  I2th  Virginia,  then  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  6th,  and  later  transferred  to  the  2nd.  He  resigned  from 
the  army,  Dec.  7,  1777,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Alex 
andria,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  The  family 
tradition  was,  that  Col.  Charles  Lewis  died  in  his  arms. 
See  Draper  MSS.,  8ZZ2I.— ED. 


3i8  'DUNMORE'S   WAR 

Report  the  Quantity  of  Salt  and  the  Quarter  Master 
to  have  all  the  Tools  that  are  not  ordered  out  for  the 
use  of  the  Companies  made  up  in  loads. 

Septr.  10.     Parole  [England] 

A  Capt's  &  the  Grass  Guard  as  Yesterday.  The 
Troops  from  Botetourt  with  Capt  Bufords  Compy.. 
from  Bedford,  And  Capts  Shelby  &  Russels  Com 
panies  from  Fin  castle  to  prepare  for  a  march  &  hold 
themselves  in  Readiness  to  move  on  the  Shortest  No 
tice.  Each  Capt.  to  draw  up  his  Compy.  &  examine 
into  the  state  of  the  Amunition  they  have  distributed 
among  the  Men,  And  make  a  Report  Accordingly. 
Majr.  Ingless,  Mr  Posey  &  the  Qr.  M.  to  have  the 
beeves  &  Packhorses  under  their  respective  Charge  in 
readiness  at  a  Call,  &  to  have  a  breastplate  fixd  to  each 
packsadle  if  possible. 

This  day  one  of  the  Spies  from  Gauly  came  in  & 
reported  he  had  discovered  five  Indians  with  3  horses 
going  out  on  teusday  &  on  Friday  Morning  last  three 
coming  in  [MS.  torn], 

[CAMP  UNION]  ON  THE  GT.  LEVELS  OF  GREEN  BRIAR 

Sep.  ii     Parole  George. 

[i  ensign]  I  Sergt  &  i  Corpl  with  18  private  for 
Guard  &  6  R.  &  F.  for  the  Grass  Guard.  The  Guard 
to  be  taken  from  the  Compfanies]  that  are  not  under 
Marching  orders  of  Yesterday,  &  those  who  were  to 
hold  themselves  in  readiness  are  to  march  to  morrow 
morning  Majr.  Ingless  &  Mr  Posey  to  cause  all  the 
pack  horses  to  be  loaded  as  early  as  possible  &  the 
Quarter  Master  to  have  the  Brigade  under  his  care  to 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  319 

be  loaded  with  all  the  tools  &  Ammunition.    Divine 
Service  to  begin  at  12  o'Clock.35 

Marched  from  Camp  Union  Sept.  i2th.  7  miles  to 
Camp  Plesant  crossing  Muddy  Creek  Mountain. 

3)  CAMP  2n(J.  Sepr.  12th.  1774  Parole  Frederick 
A  Capt.  i  Lieutenant  I  Ensign  3  Sergeants  i  Cor 
poral  &  50  Rank  &  file  for  Guard.  The  packhorse 
Masters  &  those  who  have  Charge  of  the  Cattle  to  have 
their  respective  Charges  in  readiness  as  it  is  necessary 
to  march  as  early  tomorrow  as  possible.  A  Man  from 
the  Advanced  detachd  party  under  Colo.  C.  Lewis  came 
in  to  Camp  [MS.  torn]  Fields  party  of  30  [MS.  torn] 
that  on  Saturday  one  of  his  Men  named  Clay  had  [MS. 
torn]  Indian  and  the  Indian  was  shot  down  [MS. 
torn]  party,36  he  further  reported  that  Colo.  C.  Lewis 
[MS.  torn]  near  Fields  on  Sunday  night  last  that  he 
had  [MS.  torn]  hunting  horses  &  that  the  Appearance 
of  two  Indians  had  forced  him  to  come  towards  the 
Inhabitants  when  he  fell  in  on  our  Camp,  from  2d 
Camp  we  pas'd  Hamiltons  plantation,  Francis  Jack- 
sons,  and  encamped  on  a  Branch  of  Muddy  Creek — 
distance  from  2  Camp  n  Miles,  a  bad  place  both  for 
food  &  good  water.87 

35  From  the  close  of  this  entry,  nothing  appears  in  Newell's 
Journal  until   Sept.  23,   when  he  was  ordered,   with  Captain 
Herbert's  company,  to  march  from  Camp  Union,  which  Flem 
ing's  detachment  left  Sept.  12. — ED. 

36  For  a  fuller  account  of  this  episode,  by  which  the  Shaw- 
nee  were  informed  of  the  approach  of  the  army,  see  Withers, 
'Border  Warfare,  pp.  163-165. — ED. 

37  Muddy  Creek  is  a  northern  affluent  of  Greenbrier,  in  the 
county  of  the  latter  name.     The  first   settlers  in  this  region 
were  cut  off  (1763)  by  an  Indian  party  led  by  Cornstalk,  who 
first  professed   friendship,  and   then  at  a  given   signal  began 
the  work  of  death.     See  Withers,  Border  Warfare,  pp.  92-93, 
172,  173.— ED. 


320  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

CAMP  3<i  Septr.  13.  d1  Parole  George 
I  Capt.  i  Lieutt.  i  Engn.  2  Sergts.  i  Corporal  &  50 
R  &  F  for  guard  to  prevent  a  Repitition  of  Orders, 
let  it  be  observd  for  the  future  that  in  case  of  an 
Alarm  each  Compy.  is  to  form  on  the  Ground,  [where] 
they  [are]  encamp'd  and  face  outwards,  &  stand  fast 
untill  they  receive  orders,  those  who  have  charges 
of  the  Bullocks  drivers  are  to  report  the  Number  of 
Cattle  every  Evening  &  to  have  them  gathered  in  every 
Morning  as  Early  as  possible  &  in  case  of  any  Missing 
Majr.  Ingless  to  report  the  same  before  a  March,  a 
drisling  wet  days  March  &  hard  rain  all  night. 

Sept.  14th.    $ 

Marched  from  Camp  3  up  a  branch  [MS.  torn] 
about  iy2  Miles  then  [MS.  torn]  Meadow  Creek,  or 
Walkers  Cr38  [MS.  torn] 

[CAMP]  4TH.  ON  WALKERS  CREEK 

Septr.  14*11.  1774    Parole  Quebec 

A  Captains  Guard  to  mount  immediately.  The 
General  to  beat  tomorrow  at  day  break.  The  Pack- 
horses  &  Bullocks  to  be  gathered  in  as  early  as  pos 
sible  The  Scouts  to  take  a  Range  with  the  Guide  that 
he  may  be  more  certain  of  the  way. 

Marchd  from  Camp  4th  up  the  Buffaloe  Spring  Lick 
over  some  easy  risings  &  some  meadow  ground  fell 


38  Meadow  River,  a  southern  affluent  of  Gauley,  rises  in 
southwest  Greenbrier  County.  The  route  pursued,  appears  to 
have  been  a  well-known  Indian  trace ;  it  was  followed  by  the 
marauding  party  of  1778.  The  scouts  Hammond  and  Prior, 
sent  to  warn  the  settlements,  passed  the  Indians  on  Meadow 
River.  This  should  be  distinguished  from  the  Walker's 
Creek  which  flows  into  New  River. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  321 

in  with  Col:  C.  Lewis  path  about  a  mile  &  half  from 
Camp  and  marchd  about  a  mile  &  half  further  to 
Camp  5th 

Qj.     CAMP  5TH.  ON  BUFFALOE  LICK  BRANCH39 

Septr.  15.  1774  Parole  Washington 
A  Capts.  Guard  to  Mount  from  which  a  Sergeants 
guard  to  be  detatched  to  the  Bullock  drivers  Camp. 
As  we  are  now  [on]  ground  much  frequented  by  the 
Enemy,  the  firing  of  Guns  wHich  has  been  so  fre 
quently  forbid  are  again  repeated.  And  how  ever 
disagreeable  it  may  be  to  fall  on  any  method  that  would 
look  like  Stigmatising  a  man  who  has  come  out  on  the 
Honourable  footing  of  a  Volunteer  any  Person  that  is 
found  firing  his  Gun  without  first  Ob  [tain]  ing  leave 
may  depend  on  being  deem'd  a  refractory  [MS.  torn] 
shall  be  treated  accordingly  it  is  like  [MS.  torn]  the 
troops  that  in  case  of  any  firing  behind,  that  a  party 
will  be  [MS.  torn]  of  the  Enemy,  as  we  must  take  it 
for  gr  [MS.  torn]  person  will  take  that  Liberty. 
And  such  party  [MS.  torn]  to  fire  on  any  persons 
who  will  endeavour  either  [MS.  torn]  make  their  Es 
cape.  And  it  is  hoped  every  Officer  will  ex  [  ert  them  ] 
selves  in  preventing  this,  as  well  as  any  other  irregular 
ity  the  Pack  horses  &  Bullocks  to  be  gathered  in  as 
early  to-Morrow  as  possible,  here  we  were  Joind  by 
Capt  R  M'cClennahan  &  Capt  Paulings  Compys.  who 
were  left  behind  to  bring  up  some  Bullocks  that  had 
been  lost. 


39 Buffalo  Fork  is  a  western  affluent  of  Meadow  River;  the 
camp  for  this  night  was  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  Fayette 
County. — ED. 

21 


322  DUNMORE'S    WAR 

$  CAMP  THE  6TH  Septr.  16.  1774  Parole  Byrd 
A  Captains  Guard  to  Mount  immediately  from  which 
a  Sergeants  Guard  to  be  detatched  to  the  Camp  of  the 
Bullock  drivers,  the  General  to  beat  at  daybreak  to 
morrow  morning  &  the  whole  to  be  in  rediness  to 
march  as  early  as  possible.  No  Compy.  to  march  from 
their  ground  before  the  beating  of  the  Assembly. 
Marched  about  ten  Miles  over  two  smart  hills  to  a 
Savannah,  or  Meaddow  ground,  to  where  Co.  C.  Lewis 
had  encamped,  near  the  place  where  Majr.  Fields  party 
had  kild  the  Indian  Mentiond  above. 

Septr.   i7th.  1774    Parole  Nelson 

[A  Captain's]  guard  to  mount  from  which  a  Ser 
geant  &  12  to  be  [deta]ched  as  a  guard  to  the  Bullock 
drivers  Camp,  the  whole  to  be  in  readdiness  to  march 
as  early  to  morrow  morning  as  possible,  the  Adjutant 
to  inform  the  Packhorse  masters  that  they  must  At 
tend  this  Evening  for  Instructions,  they  received 
orders  to  go  out  wth.  their  horse  leaders,  on  different 
Quarters  of  the  Camp  &  drive  in  all  the  horses  &  Bul 
locks  they  met  with,  we  marchd  this  day  about  ten 
Miles  over  Chestnut  ridges,  and  some  steep  little 
ridges,  pasd  Great  &  Little  Laurel  Runs,  the  first  of 
which  empties  into  N  [  ew  ]  Rr  :  by  the  Warrior's 
foarding.40  passd  W.  Mans  hunting  Camp.41 


O    CAMP  8th  Septr    igth.  74    Parole  Corbin 
A  Capts  Guard  to  Mount  imediately  from  which  a 


40  Near  the  present  town  of  Quinnimont,  in  Fayette  County, 
West  Virginia. — ED. 

41 A  small  eastern  branch  of  the  Kanawha  (New  River) 
still  retains  the  name  of  Mann's  Creek. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  323 

Sergt  &  12  to  be  detatched  as  usual  to  the  Bullock 
drivers  Camp,  whole  to  be  in  readiness  to  march  to 
morrow  morning  as  early  as  possible,  we  marched 
this  day  about  Eleven  or  twelve  miles,  broken  ridges, 
chiefly  Chestnut  and  encamped  about  two  miles  from 
[MS.  torn]  on  a  Laural  run  that  empties  [MS. 
lorn] 


5)  CAMP  YE  gth.  Septr.  igth  ^74  Parole  Page 
The  Guards  as  usual  &  the  whole  to  be  [in]  readi 
ness  to  march  tomorrow  morning  as  early  as  possible. 
this  day  all  cros'd  Gauly  Mountain  we  came  from 
Camp  to  a  hollfow]  Bottom,  &  the  Flowring  Poplar 
very  frequent  the  Scouts  tooke  us  up  a  different  ridge 
from  that  the  Advanced  party  had  taken  it  was  easy 
in  Assent,  we  had  only  on[e]  steep  declivity  to  come 
down  which  continued  for  about  l/2  a  mile  &  fell  on 
the  head  of  Rich  Creek  when  we  Approached  the 
Mountain,  we  had  as  is  usual  near  the  main  Alle- 
gany  mountains,  frequent  sudden  Showers  of  Rain 
intermix'd  with  Sun  Shine,  this  Mountain  being  a 
Continuation  of  the  Alleghany  rfdge  from  the  Noward 
we  March'd  by  Computation  6  miles,  three  &  a  half 
was  in  Asending  &  descending  the  mountain  and  en 
camped  on  the  head  of  Rich  Creek. 

c?  CAMP  THE  ioth  Septr.  20.  74  Parole  Johnston 
The  Guards  as  before.  The  Capt.  of  each  Compy 
to  inspect  his  Mens  Arms  &  Amunition  to  morrow 
morning  and  in  case  of  wet  Charges  to  have  them 
drawn  if  possible  the  whole  to  be  in  readiness  to 
march  as  early  tomorrow  as  possible,  this  day  we 
March'd  five  Miles  down  Rich  Creek  wrongly  so 


324  DUN  MORE' S    WAR 

called.42  it  is  a  little  Cret.,  running  confinedly  be 
twixt  the  hills  we  Cros'd  it  a  great  number  of  times 
before  we  came  to  Gauly  which  collects  the  waters 
from  the  Mountains  betwixt  Green  Briar  River  &  Elk 
River,  and  empties  into  the  N[ew]  River  about  three 
Miles  above  the  falls,  it  was  about  100  Yds.  wide  a 
stony  ugly  foarding.43  the  Banks  that  have  been 
washd  by  the  floods  discover  not  above  half  a  foot  [of] 
soil,  &  then  a  white  or  redish  sand  &  Clay  or  grity 
earth,  we  cros'd  this  river  at  two  foardings  below 
this  in  the  distance  of  il/2  miles,  both  good  foardings 
and  came  upon  Lick  Creek.44  there  is  a  small  bottom 
in  the  forks,  pretty  good  land  up  the  river  &  cross  the 
Creek,  we  encampd  on  this  Creek  about  n  Miles 
from  our  last  encampment,  had'  frequent  Showers  all 
day. 

$  CAMP  THE  nth.  Septr.  2i*t.  1774  Parole  Kanhaway 
The  Guard  as  Usual,  the  whole  to  march  to  morrow 
morning  very  early.  We  marchd  up  Lick  Creek  about 
five  miles,  cros'd  a  ridge  pritty  steep  perticularly  in 
the  desent  came  on  the  head  of  Pallys  Creek,  or  Kellys 
Creek  thick  with  Laurel  for  about  2  miles  the  moun 
tains  begun  then  to  fall  away,  and  the  bottom  to  Open. 


42  The  expedition  marched  about  parallel  with  the  Kanawha 
River,  on  the  east  side,  and  about  ten  or  twelve  miles  back 
from  the  river  bank.     Rich  Creek  is  a  southeastern  branch  of 
Gauley  River.     Fleming  means  that  the  land  which  it  drains 
is  not  deserving  of  the  name  "Rich." — ED. 

43  The   expedition   crossed   Gauley   River   at   the   mouth   of 
Rich  Creek,  passing  from  the  present  county  of  Fayette  to 
that  of  Nicholas. — ED. 

44  Now  called  Bell  Creek    (one  of  whose  branches  is  still 
Lick  Branch),  the  boundary  line  between  Fayette  and  Nicho 
las  counties.     Its  head  waters  mingle  with  those  of  Hurricane 
Fork  of  Kelly's  Creek.— ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


325 


these  Creeks  in  the  bottoms  [are]  stock  [ed]  with 
Sugar,  Papa  [pawpaw]  trees,  &  beech,  flowring  Pop 
lar,  &  leather  wood,  some  peavine  &  buffaloe  grass, 
we  marchd  about  five  mile  down  this  run  &  encampd 
by  Computation  2  Miles  from  Kellys  place.  On  our 
March  down  this  Creek  we  met  freq  [MS.  torn]  of 
good  coal  that  had  been  washd  down  with  the  flood 
[from  the]  mountains  in  the  Channel,  that  burnt  very 
well,  the  timber  trees  intermixd  with  sweet  Gum, 
the  land  as  we  Approached  the  River  improved  and 
turnd  very  rich.  We  came  upon  the  River  half  a  mile 
below  Kellys  place.45  it  was  about  200  Yards  wide, 
seemd  deep,  with  high  hills  on  each  side,  the  Bottoms 
or  loe  grounds  on  this  side  narrow,  for  some  distance 
then  began  to  Open  to  two  hundred  Yards  wide  in 
some  places,  we  crosd  two  running  and  one  dry 
Creek  which  was  ye  second  from  Kellys  place.46  in 
several  places  were  swampy  places  with  falen  timber 
something  like  mosses  we  march'd  by  Computation 
13  Miles,  a  Creek  came  in  on  the  other  side  cald 
Cabin  Creek  &  formd  an  Hand  at  its  mouth.47  we 


45  The  expedition  passed  across  country,  by  the  route  herein 
described   with    such   accuracy,   in   order   to   avoid    the   great 
gorge  worn  by  New  River  and  Kanawha  Falls.     They  came 
upon   the   Kanawha   at   the   mouth   of   Kelly's    Creek,    some 
twelve  miles  above  Charleston,  having  passed  over  one  of  the 
richest  coal  fields  in  West  Virginia.     In  1901  there  were  six 
mines  upon  Kelly's  Creek,  and  many  others  in  the  immediate 
vicinity. — ED. 

46  There  are  several  very  small  runs  below  Kelly's  Creek, 
known  as  Mile  Branch,   Watson  Branch,  Dickerson   Branch, 
and  Witcher  Creek — the  latter  has  an  affluent  now  known  as 
Dry  Branch.     It  being  autumn  when  the  expedition  passed, 
the  waters  were  low. — ED. 

47  The  first  settlers  on  Cabin  Creek  were  a  family  named 
Flinn,  who  were  attacked  by  Indians  (1786).     The  father  was 
killed,  and  the  mother,   two  daughters   and  a   son   captured, 
while  another  daughter   escaped.     Chloe,  one  of  the  captive 


326  DUN  MO  RE'S   WAR 

pas'd  a  rapid  in  which  were  some  rocks  above  water 
a  mile  &  half  below  Kellys.  About  nine  miles  below 
Kellys  a  little  from  the  road  and  next  the  river,  are 
two  Springs,  in  seeminly  high  ground  in  little  hollows 
one  of  them  three  or  four  feet  over,  the  other  about 
100  Yds  from  it  about  3  feet  over  that  continually 
buble  up  to  the  hight  of  3  or  4  Inches  above  the  Sur 
face,  without  either  emitting  Air  or  heat  that  I  could 
perceive,  but  had  a  Sulphurous  smell  tho  not  verry 
Strong,  the  water  was  black  occasionally  throwing 
up  Cinders  of  burnt  wood  which  [MS.  torn]  asionally 
falen  into  it.  it  tasted  unctious.  a  [MS.  torn]  flashd 
over  either  of  the  Springs  at  the  distance  of  4  [or]  5 
Inches,  the  flame  communicates  itself  to  the  surface 
of  the  water,  and  burns  with  a  Surprising  force  like 
a  Culinary  fire  made  of  Ash  wood,  and  consumes  any 
thing  that  is  thrown  into  it,  and  is  with  very  great 
difficulty  extinguished  it  will  continue  burning  for  a 
very  long  time,  the  water  heats  &  evaporates  after  it 
has  been  some  time  burning,  and  if  the  expense  by 
evaporation  is  more  than  the  Spring  Supplies,  it  will 
burn  dry  &  go  out  the  little  basons  in  which  these 
springs  are  have  no  Outlet  the  water  soaking  through 
a  fatish  earth,  from  them  there  is  a  desent  to  a  miry 
place  with  falen  trees  and  a  fat  black  Mud,  with  grass. 
I  had  not  time  to  be  more  perticular  in  my  observa 
tions,  we  endeavored  to  extinguish  one  of  the  Springs 
by  covering  it  with  green  grass  without  effect  as  it 
consumd  the  Grass  at  Kelly  place,  the  Advanc'd  party 
discover'd  Indns.  and  Our  party  some  Signs  or  tracts. 


daughters,  was  later  redeemed  by  Daniel  Boone.  See  Hale, 
Trans-Allegheny  Pioneers,  p.  171 ;  also  Draper  MSS.,  14030- 
68.— ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  327 

CAMP  YE  12^  ON  THE  KANHAWAY 
Septr.  ye  22.  1774    Parole  Charlestown 
The  Guards  as  before    the  Pack  horses  &  Bullocks 
to  be  gathered  as  early  as  possible  to  morrow  morning 

$    Septr.  23.  1774 

We  marched  along  the  [River  New]  to  the  Mouth 
of  Elk  River,  the  N[ew]  River  widned  [MS.  torn] 
or  more,  in  its  general  breadth.  Joind  the  troops  en- 
camp'd  in  the  Forks,  discovered  by  Our  [MS.  torn] 
three  Indian  tracts  up  a  branch  a  little  way  from  the 
last  Camp.  One  of  the  tracts  remarkably  long  when 
[me]asured  being  14  Inches. 

CAMP  AT  ELK  RIVER  Sept  23 48  Parole  Dunkirk 
I  Capt.  i  Lieutt.  i  Ensgn.  2  Sergts  i  Corpl  &  50 
R  &  File  for  Guard  to  morrow  the  Compns  that 
Arrivd  this  day  to  report  to  morrow  morning  the 
number  of  Artificers  in  the  Respective  Comps  that  are 
willing  to  be  employed  in  making  Canoes  &  other  work 
that  is  necessary  All  the  tools  that  are  here  to  be  put 
in  working  order.  The  Scouts  to  Attend  very  early 
to  morrow  morning  for  Instructions. 


48Newell's  Journal  contains  the  following  entry  for  this 
date: 

Camp  Union  Sepr  23,  1774 

The  companies  are  to  prepare  to  march  on  Short  worning. 
the  Captains  are  to  have  all  their  men  in  the  neighborhood 
called  in  by  to-morrow  evening  and  see  that  their  men  are 
ready  for  marching.  Each  Captain  to  have  3  horses  and  no 
more  for  himself  and  company.  Gaming  is  forbid  in  Camp 
after  this  day,  and  the  officers  are  to  take  notice,  that  this 
order  is  complied  with,  the  pack-horse  masters  to  have  road 
(as  made)  completed  if  possible,  and  all  ready  to  start  off  on 
Sunday  evening,  the  pack-horse  masters  to  have  hobbles  for 
every  horse  &  breast  plates  for  their  saddles. 


328  DVNMORE'S   WAR 

*>  24  Septr.  74.  CAMP  ON  ELK  RIVER  Parole  Bedford 
A  Court  Martial  to  Sit  at  10  O'clock  AM.  for  tryal 
of  Timothy  Fitzpatrick  Prisoner.  Col:  Wm.  Flem 
ing  Presdt.  5  Capts.  Fitzpatrick  was  a  Servt  belong 
ing  to  — Pharo  in  the  Forks  had  run  away  &  taken 
with  him  a  Gun  belonging  to  — Paxton.  He  was 
committed  by  Capt.  McDowal,  as  the  Crime  did 
not  come  properly  before  a  Court  Martial  he  was  dis 
charged  from  confinement  &  joind  Capt  McDowals 
Compy  who  had  orders  from  his  master  about  him. 
Three  Brigades  of  horses  was  sent  back  to  Camp 
Union  for  flower  the  men  employed  in  making 
Canoes.  The  Flower  &  Ammunition  was  lodged  in  a 
[Ma]gazine  built  for  that  purpose,  different  Scouts 
were  sent  three  up  Elk  toward  Pocotilico,  three  across 
N[ew]  R.  to  Cole  River,  and  some  were  down  the 
Kanhaway  on  this  side.  The  Guard  as  usual.  Divine 
Service  to  begin  to  morrow  at  12  o'Clock  the  Officers 
to  inspect  the  mens  arms  and  those  who  have  wet 
Charges  to  have  their  guns  unbreeched  by  the 
Armourer.  Rated  the  Sutlers  liquor  Sprts.  30  shil 
lings  W  [  orth  ]  Rum  22  shillings  W  [  orth  ] ,  C.  Do. 
18  s. 

Q     25  Septr.  I774. 

This  Morning  Moony  one  of  the  Scouts  who  went 
of[f]  Yesterday  for  Cole  River  returnd  &  reported 
that  about  4  miles  below  camp  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Kanhaway,  they  had  turnd  out  of  the  path  to  encamp 
and  coming  on  the  Path  early  this  morning  had  dis- 
coverd  the  tracts  of  3  horses  one  of  them  shod  &  two 
moccasin  tracts  that  had  pasd  them  in  the  night  going 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  329 

down  the  River.  I  suppose  them  a  party  of  four  or 
five  Indians  on  their  return  from  the  Settlement,  we 
Attended  Service  &  had  a  good  discourse,  this  After 
noon  the  Scouts  for  the  mouth  of  the  Kanhaway 
launched  their  Canoe,  after  mending  a  Split  Parole 
Winchester.  The  Usual  Guard  to  be  continued  the 
Armourer  to  be  as  [MS.  torn]  as  possible,  in  repairing 
the  Firelocks,  [MS.  torn]  to  repair  the  locks  first, 
the  Scouts  that  [MS.  torn]  Camp  to  Attend  early  to 
morrow  morning  for  [instructions. 

3)  26.  1774  CAMP  ON  ELK  RIVER  Parole  Cumberland 
The  Guard  as  usual.  The  Orders  Issued  the  15^ 
this  Month  relating  to  the  firing  of  Guns  without  first 
obtaining  leave  are  ordered  to  be  read  at  the  head  of 
each  Compy.  to  morrow  morning  immediately  after 
the  beating  of  the  Reveille,  if  the  troops  shall  con 
tinue  to  disregard  these  orders  which  has  so  often  been 
repeated  they  may  be  Assured  an  Officer  &  Party  of 
Men  shall  be  ordered  out  to  Apprehend  &  Confine 
them  the  Capts.  are  desired  to  inspect  the  mens  Am 
munition  of  their  Respective  Compies.  &  report  the 
names  of  those  who  are  defficient  for  such  must  be 
the  Offenders,  the  working  parties  are  to  be  ex 
empted  from  Guard  mounting. 

c?    27    Parole  Duke 

A  Capts.  Guard  as  before,  the  Pack  Horse  Masters 
to  have  all  the  Pack  horses  drove  to  Camp  to  morrow 
&  report  the  number  that  are  fit  for  Service  &  hold 
them  in  readiness  at  a  Call. 


330 


DUN  MORE' S   WAR 


[MS.  torn]  a  Return  of  the  Botetourt  Troops  at  the 
Camp  on  Elk  [MS.  torn]  near  the  Mouth  Septr.  27th. 
1774.  Under  the  Command  of  Colo.  A:  Lewis. 


Officers                  Companies 

Com- 
missd 
Officers 

Non  Commis 
sioned  DO 

R.  &  File 

Botetourt  Troops 
Col°-  A.  Lewis  Comma* 

^ 

in  chief 

n 

d 

a 

Colo-  Wm  Fleming 

A 

J 

fl 

5 

OS 
93 

2 

a 
a 

t) 

a 

o 

ft 
as 

2 

i 

? 

.2 

43 

o 

O 

+s 

0 

3 

W 

CO 

h 

p 

£ 

CO 

0 

EH 

Capt.  Philip  Love 
Capt  Ths.  Buford 
"      Arbuckle 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

5 
4 
4 

i 

23 
44 
58 

1 

10 
2 

37 
44 

55 

Jno  Lewis 

1 

1 

4 

1 

57 

1 

/t 

62 

"      Jrio  Murray 

2 

1 

4 

61 

1 

62 

"      Jn«  Stewart 

1 

3 

34 

34 

"      JRt  McClennachan 

1 

i 

3 

1 

?,7 

1 

9 

30 

11      Jas  Ward 

1 

7 

7 

"     Hny  Pauling 

1 

i 

4 

45 

4 

4 

50 

9 

9 

r. 

32 

1 

3 

851 

H 

99 

881 

Fincastle  Troops 
Capt  Shelby 

4 

1 

1 

3 

1 

45 

^ 

IX 

Cap*  Russell 

1 

1 

1 

3 

49 

1 

* 

48 

Artificers  from 

Compns 

12 

12 

* 

11 

11 

9 

38 

Q 

8 

450 

12 

99 

484 

Culpepver  Troops 



Col.  Fields 

1 

1 

.  3 

. 

. 

39 

39 

6  Batmen  in  Capt  Loves  Compy 
returnd   on  Command  who 

12 

12 

9 

41 

2 

3 

489 

12 

22 

523 

are  prest 

6 

B 

12 

12 

9 

41 



3 

489 

-18 

16 

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3 

FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


331 


A  Regimental  Return  of  the  Augusta  Troops  at  the 
Camp  on  Elk  River  Under  the  Command  of  Colo. 
Andw  Lewis  Septr.  27.  1774. 


ssffisa  o^*"" 

Com- 

missd 
Off". 

TJ 

Q 

a 
0 

3 

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& 
a 

03 
0 

1 
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1 
£ 

«2 
£1 

Drummrs 

Fit  for  duty 

M 

1 

Cap*  Dickinson 
McDowal 
Moffat" 
Harrison 
McClennachan 
Mathews 
Lockridge 
Skidmore 
Wilson 
Lewis 
Mains 

Augusta  Troops 
Botetourt  DO 
Fincastle  DO 
Culpepper  D° 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

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44 
51 
40 
66 
57 
21 
32 
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56 
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2 
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3 

3 

4 
3 

21 
45 
51 
40 
68 
60 
28 
32 
25 
56 
51 

11 
9 
2 
1 

13 
9 
2 

1 

10 
2 

38 
32 
6 
3 

1 
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456 
351 
99 
39 

14 
14 
4 

7 
16 

477 
381 
103 
39 

23 

25 

19  |  79 

3 

9   945 

32 

13   1000 

49Capt.  George  Moffatt  had  had  previous  experience  in  In 
dian  warfare.  Born  in  1735,  he  was  but  a  young  lad  when 
his  father  disappeared,  previous  to  1749,  on  a  journey  to  South 
Carolina,  and  was  believed  to  have  been  killed  by  the  Indians. 
In  1763  George  was  captain  of  a  ranging  company  which  was 
ambushed  in  pursuing  Indians,  and  lost  fifteen  men.  The 
next  year  he  pursued  a  party  of  savages  that  had  killed  his 
step-father,  John  Trimble,  and  made  captive  his  sister  and 
half-brother.  In  this  action  he  successfully  rescued  the  pris 
oners.  Several  of  the  officers  on  the  campaign  of  1774  were 
his  relatives — Col.  William  Christian  was  his  uncle,  and  Capt. 
Samuel  McDowell  his  brother-in-law.  During  the  Revolu 
tion  in  the  South,  he  took  an  active  part,  commanding  a 
regiment  at  Guilford  Court  House,  and  acting  as  county-lieu 
tenant  of  Augusta,  1781-83.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Augusta 
County,  about  eight  miles  northwest  of  Staunton,  in  1811. — ED. 


332 


DUNMOR&S   WAR 


A  General  Return  of  the  Troops  encamped  on  Elk 
River  near  the  Mouth  under  the  Command  of  Colo. 
Andw  Lewis  Septr.  28.  1774. 


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CAMP  ON  ELK.  Septr.  28.  1774    $ 

The  Scouts  that  were  sent  out  to  Cole  river  return d 
&  reported  they  had  discovered  where  15  Indians  had 
encampd  &  Shaped  their  Course  towards  N[ew]  R. 
Capt.  Arbuckle  &  50,  Officers  included,  were  ordered 
to  go  out  &  endeavour  to  discover  their  Course  or 
come  up  with  them.  Parole  Prince 

The  usual  Guard  to  be  Continued.  The  Confusion 
occasioned  in  Camp  by  the  Sutlers  retailing  of  Liq- 
uores  in  such  Quantities  &  so  frequently  as  to  make 
many  of  the  troops  drunk,  makes  it  highly  Necessary 
to  forbid  the  disposing  or  retailing  of  any  Liquores  to 
the  troops  otherwise  than  by  orders  from  the  Capts  & 
the  Sutlers  are  likewise  to  observe  that  they  are  not 
to  bring  any  further  Supplies  of  Liquors  as  the  sale 
of  any  more  than  what  is  in  Camp  will  not  be  per 
mitted. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  333 

QJ.    29*11  Septr.  1774    CAMP  ON  ELK    Parole  Westmoreland. 

The  Guard  as  Usual.  The  General  to  beat  to  mor 
row  morning  at  daybreak  a  Sufficient  Number  of  the 
Troops  most  accustomed  to  conducting  Canoes  to  be 
collected  this  Evening  &  the  Canoes  to  be  fitted  for 
receiving  their  loading  with  all  possible  dispatch  the 
pack  horses  &  the  Cattle  to  be  gathered  as  early  to 
morrow  as  possible  &  the  whole  to  prepair,  for  an 
early  march.  Elk  River  is  about  100  Yds  over,  there 
is  a  foarding  above  the  Camp  I  y2  Miles  it  heads 
with  Green  Briar  River  &  of  consequence  runs  much 
further  or  beyond  Gauly.  it  is  a  Still  dead  running 
water  where  we  incamp,  there  is  a  large  flatt  of  Land 
on  each  side 

One  of  the  Spies  that  went  down  towards  the  Ohio 
returned  &  reported  that  they  were  by  Computation 
within  15  miles  of  the  Ohio  when  they  discover'd  two 
fires  on  the  bank  of  the  N.  R.  that  on  their  making 
some  noise  the  fires  were  covered  up.  on  which  they 
pushed  over  to  the  other  side  and  on  Fowlers  return 
he  spied  five  Indians  with  3  horses  going  down  the 
New  R. 

?  Sept'  3oth.  I774.  ELK,  Parole  King 
The  Usual  Guard  to  be  continued,  the  Canoe  men 
to  have  their  loading  fixd  this  Evening  to  the  best  Ad 
vantage  the  pack  horse  men  &  Bullock  drivers  to  have 
all  under  their  Respective  Charges  in  readiness  verry 
early  to  morrow  morning  for  a  march,  the  Commis 
sary  to  issue  this  evening  provisions  for  the  whole  for 
two  days.  Crosd  the  Elk  and  marchd  down  it  for 
about  a  mile  &  encampd  at  the  mouth,  it  Raind  hard 
&  continues  Rainy. 


334  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

T?     Octobr.  ist  1774 

The  Line  of  march  was  form'd  the  Botetourt 
troops  to  march  on  the  Right  the  Augusta  on  the  left 
each  line  divided  into  two  Grand  divisions  and  each 
grand  Division  into  4  Subdivisions  Capt  J.  Lewis  in 
the  Advance  party  the  Bullocks  &  horses  to  fall  in  the 
rear  of  the  Front  grand  division,  and  the  Flanks  of  the 
lines  to  be  covered  with  100  men  on  each  Colo  Fields 
&  Capt.  Love  to  cover  the  Right  Flank  Capts  Shelby 
Russel  Murray  &  McQennahan  to  form  the  Right 
front  Grand  Division.  Capts  Buford  Stewart  Pauling 
&  Arbuckle  the  Right  rear  division.50 

CAMP  AT  THE  MOUTH  OF  ELK  Parole  Pitt 
The  Guard  for  tomorrow  as  Usual  an  Ensign  & 
Eighteen  men  from  the  main  Guard  to  be  placed  over 
the  Canoes  &  Ammunition  And  they  are  not  to  suffer 
any  person  other  than  the  Commissary  &  Quarter 
master  to  enter  the  Canoes,  the  Pack  Horses  &  the 
Cattle  to  be  gathered  in  as  early  to  morrow  morning 
as  possible  &  the  whole  to  be  in  readiness  to  march. 
we  continued  in  Camp  on  Acct  of  Rain 

0    CAMP  NEAR  THE  MOUTH  OF  COLE  RIVER 

Octr.  2d.  74    Parole  Burk 

From  the  Capts  Guard  an  Ensign  &  1 8  to  be  placed 
over  the  Canoes  &  Ammunition.  The  Troops  to  have 
as  much  provisions  this  Evening  as  will  breakfast  them 
to  morrow  morning  that  we  may  have  an  Early  march 
the  Cattle  &  Pack  horses  to  be  gathered  as  Early  as 
possible.  We  Marchd  through  rich  Bottoms  &  muddy 


50  See  accompanying  sketch  of  the  line  of  march. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  335 

Swamp  Creeks  meeting  with  them  every  mile  or  half 
miles  by  which  the  Pack  horses  were  much  Jaded, 
some  of  the  troops  went  throw  [through]  an  Indian 
Fort,  an  Oval  100  Yds.  Long,  the  cellar  which  was 
full  of  water  8  feet  broad,  the  Bank  about  3  feet  above 
the  Surface  of  the  water  &  8  broad  it  is  about  2  miles 
above  our  Encampment,  on  the  Kanhaway,  by  Com 
putation  2  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Cole  River,  we 
march'd  from  Our  last  incampment  about  Eight  miles 
in  a  derect  Course  tho'  we  by  winding  round  the  Runs 
made  a  march  of  10.  A  Sutlers  Canoe  overset,  two 
guns  were  lost  &  some  baggage  two  Canoes  were 
Overset  that  were  fastened  together  &  27  bags  of 
Flower  were  floated,  they  were  all  recover'd  but  two 
or  three  but  much  wett:  the  men  had  2  days  flower 
serv'd  out.  here  we  had  4  men  that  deserted.  Sergt 
Bowes  &  two  men  from  Capt  Paulins  Compy  and  One 
from  the  Augusta  troops.  Desertion  from  the  differ 
ent  Troops  has  been  pretty  frequent  sence  we  left  the 
Levels,  and  likewise  thefts  of  Flower  &  provisions. 

3)    Octobr  3<i.  1774 

We  mafchd  through  rich  bottoms  and  crossd  two  or 
three  muddy  little  Creeks  before  we  reach'd  Pocatellico 
which  is  a  Smart  Creek  interlocks  with  the  little  Kan 
haway  has  very  Steep  banks  was  very  Muddy  & 
on  f carding  was  about  3  feet  or  3^  deep  and  about 
40  Yds.  over,  we  encamp'd  about  a  mile  below  the 
mouth,  this  day  the  Sutlers  had  a  Canoe  overset,  and 
one  of  Our  double  Canoes  Split  the  flower  was 
mostly  saved  we  marchd  this  day  by  Computation 
ten  Miles. 


.33.6  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

CAMP  NEAR  THE  MOUTH  OF  PocATELLico    Parole  Dinwiddie. 

The  Guard  as  Usual  from  which  an  Ensign  &  18 
for  a  Guard  to  the  Canoes,  the  whole  to  be  in  readiness 
for  a  march  verry  early  to  Morrow  Morning. 

d     CAMP  ON  THE  GREAT  KANHAWAY 

Octr.  4th.  ^74    Parole  Faquire 

The  Usual  Guard  to  be  continued  and  to  be  placed 
as  Yesterday  the  whole  to  be  prepared  for  an  Early 
march  to  morrow.  For  this  days  march  we  went 
through  a  narrow  passage  the  mountains  on  both 
sides  running-  pretty  Close  to  the  River  on  the  side  we 
march'd  there  was  several  verry  large  Rocks  that  had 
tumbled  from  the  mountain,  they  were  rainged  pretty 
much  in  a  line,  the  height  of  most  of  them  exceeded 
the  breadth  of  the  Base,  the  mountains  then  extended 
from  the  River  we  marchd  by  the  foot  of  them,  and 
pass'd  by  wt  is  cald  the  faling  timber  or  the  hurricane, 
without  knowing  it,  and  encamped  about  two  miles 
below  it.  the  Rocky  passage  is  about  7  Miles  from 
our  encampment,  we  Marchd  14  Miles  this  day. 
The  falling  timber  or  Hurricane  as  it  is  cald  is  about 
two  miles  in  breath  &  extends  from  the  River,  about 
the  same  distance  across  the  River  the  mountain  is 
pretty  near  &  Appears  swept  clear  of  timber  for  the 
same  distance,  appearing  like  a  Cleard  Field,  the  tops 
of  the  trees  on  this  side  all  lye  from  the  River  And  on 
the  Other  side  towards  the  River  some  are  broke 
pretty  high,  the  most  tore  up  by  the  Roots.51  we 
pas'd  throu[gh]  a  large  tract  of  good  upland,  and 


51  The  present  Hurricane  Creek,  in  Putnam  County,  com 
memorates  the  effects  of  a  tornado  which  had  ravaged  this 
area. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


337 


pass'd  two  or  three  Creeks  the  largest  of  which  makes 
a  quantity  of  good  Land.52 

$    CAMP  ON  THE  GREAT  KANHAWAY 

Octob*  $th  1774  Parole  Charles  Town 
A  Captains  guard  as  before  an  Ensign  &  18  pri 
vate  from  the  Guard  placed  over  the  Ammunition 
&  Canoes.  Maj.  Ingliss  will  be  pleased  to  order  the 
Bullock  drivers  to  keep  the  Cattle  together  as  much 
as  possible,  &  have  them  driven  in  as  Early  to  morrow 
morning  as  possible  &  it  is  hoped  the  whole  will  pre- 
pair  for  an  Early  march.  We  marchd  this  day  about 
twelve  miles  through  several  defiles,  &  over  three  or 
four  muddy  runs  with  verry  high  &  Steep  banks,  in 
many  Places  the  hills  came  so  cloase  to  the  river  that 
the  two  Colums  were  oblidged  to  march  in  One  path 
about  two  miles  from  this  Camp  was  the  largest  of  the 
Runs,  when  the  Rear  came  into  Camp  we  were  in- 
formd  the  Canoe  in  which  the  Spies  had  fell  down  the 
River  was  found  floating  in  the  Kanhaway,  with  some 
fishing  Lines  &  hooks  &  some  putrefied  Fish  I  sup 
pose  the  Spies  have  either  been  drove  from  their  Canoe 
the  Night  Fowler  left  them,  or  finding  her  leaky  had 
run  her  into  the  largest  Creek  we  Crosd  this  day  where 
she  had  been  floated  by  the  Creek  rising  from  Rain, 
whilst  they  traveld  over  the  hills  to  the  mouth  of  the 
River,  as  the  Fish  were  in  the  Canoe  when  the  Spie 
who  Joind  us  the  29th  last  left  them,  some  men  who 
stayd  behind  the  troops  in  our  last  Camp  declared  they 
discovered  an  Indian,  suppos'd  a  spy  to  view  our 
Camp  after  we  marched. 

52  Probably  Eighteen  Mile  Creek,  in  Putnam  County. — ED. 

22 


338  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

QJ.     6th  Octbr.  1774. 

We  march'd  this  day  throw  many  defiles,  cros'd 
many  Runs  with  Steep  high  &  difficult  banks,  for  about 
8  miles  then  enterd  a  botom  which  continued  to  the 
Junction  of  the  River  3^  Miles  long,  in  the  Mid 
ground  of  the  Bottom  I  measur'd  nine  feet  some  ten 
feet  high  on  the  trees  markd  with  the  Floods,  the 
point  is  high  &  Affords  a  most  agreeable  prospect, 
the  Ohio  is  I  think  700  Yards  over  Appears  verry 
level,  deep  still  water  the  Kanhaway  upwards  of 
400  Yds.  and  an  extensive  View  up  both  rivers  &  down 
the  Ohio,  here  we  met  with  an  Advertizement  in 
forming  us  of  a  letter  lodged  in  a  hollow  tree  from 
his  Lordship  which  Accordingly  was  found  see  NO. 
[blank  in  MS.]53  Our  Spies  that  were  sent  from  the 
mouth  of  Elk  came  in  and  told  us  they  had  left  their 
Canoe,  on  discovering  some  Indians  that  night  Fow 
ler  left  them,  &  that  they  had  come  by  land  to  the 
point,  but  not  finding  his  Lordship  they  had  continued 
on  the  hils,  where  they  had  discovered  some  parties  of 
Indians  Buffaloe  hunting,  when  they  left  their  Canoe 
they  pushd  her  into  the  River  as  farr  as  they  could, 
some  of  Our  Men  found  a  Plowshare  &  some  cleveses 
about  Six  Miles  above  this  place,  likewise  an  old  fine 
Shirt  which  they  judged  might  cost  2/  Stirlg  pr.  yd. 
and  an  Old  Cloth  Jacket,  Sky  blew  couler,  likewise 
an  Under  Jaw  bone,  the  plow  Share  &  Cloaths  were 
Judged  Toms.  Hogs.54 


53  See  ante,  p.  285,  note  3. — ED. 

54  For  his  death,  see  Hanson's  Journal,  p.  114,  ante.     This 
would  seem  to  indicate  that  he  perished  by  an  attack  of  wild 
beasts  rather  than  of  Indians,  who  would  surely  have  appro 
priated  the  metallic  instruments  and  clothes. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


339 


Qj.     CAMP  ON  POINT  PLEASANT 
Octr.  ye  6th  1774    Parole  York 

An  Ensign  &  Eighteen  from  the  Capts.  Guard  placed 
in  the  point  to  guard  the  Canoes  &  Ammunition  the 
Commissary  to  order  the  Canoe  Men  to  cover  the 
Flower  in  the  best  Manner  as  it  now  is  placed  &  the 
Quarter  Master  to  take  Perticular  care  of  the  Ammu 
nition.  Ma  jr.  Ingliss  to  report  on  Exact  state  of  the 
Beeves. 

$    CAMP  ON  POINT  PLEASANT 

Octr.  7.  1774    Parole  Cork 

The  Guard  to  be  relieved  by  an  equal  Number  at  8 
o'Clock.  The  Canoes  to  be  unloaded  as  soon  as  possi 
ble.  The  Messrs.  Aliens55  to  have  as  many  of  the 
Artificers  employed  as  are  necessary  for  making  a 
Shelter  for  the  Stores.  Each  Compy.  to  have  a  Nec 
essary  House  as  soon  as  possible,  otherwise  the 
Camp  must  become  foul  &  sickly.  And  it  is  hoped 
the  Troops  will  pay  so  much  regard  to  their  own 
health  &  Satisfaction  as  not  to  ease  themselves  else 
where  I  Ensign  &  18  [men]  with  6  of  the  Scouts  to 
March  to  our  last  encampment  &  make  search  for  the 
lost  Beeves  some  of  the  Cattle  drivers  to  go  like 
wise.  Each  Capt.  to  give  a  list  of  his  Compy.  present 
this  Evening.56 


55  Probably  James  and  Hugh  Allen,  the  latter  of  whom  was 
killed  in  the  battle.  James  lived  in  Augusta  County,  about 
eight  miles  north  of  Staunton,  until  his  death  in  1810.  For 
over  sixty  years,  he  was  elder  of  Augusta  Stone  Church. — ED. 

56Newell's  Journal  re-commences  with  entries  of  the  orders 
on  Oct.  7.  The  orders  for  this  day  are  with  one  or  two 
slight  verbal  changes  identical  with  those  of  Fleming's  Jour 
nal— ED. 


340 


DUN  MORES   WAR 


This  day  3  men  came  from  Elk  &  brought  lettars 
that  Colo  Christian  &  220  Mien  were  there  with  Bul 
locks  &  beeves  &  Gun  Powder.  Sergt  Trent51  and  a 
party  prepaird  for  a  trip  up  the  River  with  the  Canoes 
to  bring  down  the  Flower. 

^     CAMP  ON  POINT  PLEASANT 
Octobr.  8tb.  J774    Parole  Gooch 

This  Morning  a  Canoe  came  down  with  some  men 
&  lettars  from  the  Governour  in  which  he  expresses 
his  surprise  that  we  were  not  there.  My  Lord  men 
tions  that  the  Indians  had  picked  up  three  Officers. 
And  Colo  Stephens  in  his  to  Colo  Lewis  says  he  hears 
disagreeable  news  from  Boston  but  can  not  asert  it58 

The  Guard  as  usual,  the  Bullock  drivers  to  make  a 
large  Penn  sufficient  to  confine  their  Cattle  at  Nights 
&  Major  Ingless  to  be  perticular  in  causing  them  to 
close  up  the  Beeves  every  night.  The  different  Lines 
to  Attend  divine  Service  to  morrow  at  12  o'Clock.59 

Q    CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT. 
Octr.  9th.  I774>     Parole  Richmond. 

The  usual  Guard  to  mount  tomorrow  morning.  The 
masters  of  the  artificers  to  use  all  possible  dispatch  in 

57  Sergeant  Obadiah  H.  Trent,  of  Captain  Pauling's  com 
pany. — ED. 

58  Stephen  doubtless  referred  to  the  act  of  General  Gage 
(Sept.  i,  1774),  when  a  detachment  of  soldiers  was  sent  to 
Cambridge  and  carried  off  two  cannon,  and  to  Charlestown, 
where  one  hundred  kegs  of  powder  were  seized.    A  report 
was  circulated  that  the  troops  fired  upon  the  people,  but  this 
was  later  disproved.     See  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  pp. 
762-769.— ED. 

69  At  this  point  in  the  original  MS.,  the  handwriting 
changes,  and  the  entries  from  Oct.  9-17  are  made  by  another 
person,  whom  Fleming  tells  us  was  John  Todd.  Fleming 
evidently  had  failed  to  enter  the  orders  for  Oct.  9,  when  he 
was  wounded,  and  required  aid  in  continuing  his  journal.— ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  341 

making  the  House  fit  for  the  reception  of  the  provi 
sions  &c.  The  adjutants  to  give  Scouts  notice  that 
they  are  to  attend  very  early  for  Instructions. 


5)  Monday  Octobr  the 
This  morning  before  sunrise  two  men  came  running 
into  Camp  &  gave  information  That  a  considerable 
body  of  Indians  were  incampt  about  2  miles  up  the 
Ohio  a  small  distance  from  it,  who  made  a  very  for 
midable  appearance.  This  important  intelligence  was 
very  quickly  confirm'd  by  two  or  three  more.  The 
drums  by  order  immediately  beat  to  Arms  &  150  men 
were  ordered  to  be  paraded  out  of  each  line  &  march 
against  the  enemy  in  two  Columns.  The  right  Col 
umn  headed  by  Colo.  Chas.  Lewis  with  Captains  Dick- 
erson,  Harrison  &  Skidmore.  The  left  Column  com 
manded  by  Colo.  Fleming  with  Captains  Shelby, 
Russell  Love  &  Buford.61  Thus  disposed  they 
marched  pretty  briskly  about  150  or  200  yards  apart 
up  the  river  about  half  a  mile  when  on  a  Sudden  the 
Enemy  lurking  behind  Bushes  &  Trees  gave  the 
Augusta  Line  a  heavy  fire  which  was  briskly  followed 
by  a  second  &  third  &  returned  again  by  our  men 
with  much  bravery  &  Courage.  This  attack  was  at 
tended  with  the  death  of  some  of  our  bravest  officers 
&  men  also  with  the  deaths  of  a  great  number  of  the 
Enemy.  Nor  were  the  Enemy  less  tardy  in  their  at- 


60  The  account  of  the  battle  which  is  inserted  in  Newell's 
Journal  under  date  of  Oct.  14,  is  the  one  known  as  the  "offi 
cial  report,"  already  given  in  Shelby's  letter,  ante,  pp.  271-277. 
The  description  by  Todd  is  apparently  his  own,  and  a  new 
contribution  to  the  reports  of  the  eventful  tenth  of  Octo 
ber.— ED. 

eiThe  word  "Buford"  was  inserted  later,  by  Fleming.— ED. 


342  DUNM ORE'S    WAR 

tack  upon  the  left  Column;  for  immediately  after  the 
fire  upon  the  right  line  succeeded  a  heavy  one  on  the 
left  &  a  return  from  us  with  spirit  &  resolution.  As 
the  disposition  in  which  the  men  were  first  placed 
would  never  promise  success  against  an  Indian  Enemy 
the  men  were  forced  to  quit  their  ranks  &  fly  to  trees 
in  doing  this  the  Enemy  made  a  small  advance  & 
forced  our  men  of  both  lines  to  retreat  the  distance  of 
perhaps  one  or  two  hundred  yards  under  heavy  fires 
attended  with  dismal  Yells  &  Screams  from  the 
Enemy.  About  this  time  we  were  succoured  with  a 
detachmt  from  the  Camp  commanded  by  Captains 
Mathews  McDowell  &  others  of  the  Augusta  line  & 
some  time  aftewards  by  all  the  Captains  of  each  line 
except  Capt  McClenahan  of  Augusta  who  was  upon 
guard  &  Captain  Lewis  of  Botetourt62  who  was  or 
dered  to  form  a  line  round  the  Camp  for  its  defence. 
With  the  reinforcement  from  the  Camp  our  men  found 
their  strength  much  increased  &  making  a  fierce  onset 
forced  the  Enemy  from  their  Stations  &  caused  them 
to  retreat  by  degrees  about  a  mile  giving  them  many 
brisk  fires  &  hitting  many  of  the  leading  men  as  was 
imagined.  We  at  last  with  difficulty  dislodged  them 
from  a  fine  long  ridge  leading  from  a  Small  slash  near 
the  river  towards  the  hills  &  being  discontinued  by  a 
small  wet  bottom  again  rose  &  was  continued  to  the 


62  This  information  regarding  Captains  Alexander  McClen 
ahan  of  Augusta,  and  John  Lewis  of  Botetourt,  is  not  given 
in  other  accounts,  and  in  the  case  of  the  latter  apparently  con 
tradicts  the  "official  report."  If  Floyd's  testimony  in  regard 
to  the  confusion  of  companies  and  officers  is  to  be  relied  upon, 
these  discrepancies  are  not  surprising. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  343 

hills  half  a  mile  or  more  from  the  river.63  This  ad 
vantageous  post  being  gained  about  I  o'Clock  all  the 
efforts  of  the  enemy  to  regain  it  proved  fruitless.  Tho' 
they  would  summon  all  the  force  they  could  raise  & 
make  many  pushes  to  break  the  line;  the  advantage 
of  the  place  &  the  steadiness  of  the  men  defined  their 
most  furious  Essays.  About  3  or  4  o'Clock  the  Enemy 
growing  quite  dispirited  &  all  the  attempts  of  their 
Warriours  to  rally  them  proving  vain  they  carried  off 
their  dead  &  wounded,  giving  us  now  &  then  a  shot 
to  prevent  a  pursuit ;  so  that  about  an  hour  by  sun  we 
were  in  full  possession  on  the  field  of  Battle.  Victory 
having  now  declared  in  our  favour  We  had  orders  to 
return  in  slow  pace  to  our  Camp  carefully  searching 
for  the  dead  &  wounded  &  to  bring  them  in,  as  also  the 
Scalps  of  the  Enemy.  The  day  being  by  this  time  far 
advanced  with  [out]  any  written  orders  double  Guards 
were  orderd  to  be  mounted  Parole  Victory. 

Killd  of  tHe  Augusta  Line  in  the  Action  on  the 
loth,  of  Ocf.  1774  Colo.  Chas.  Lewis,  Capt.  Saml 
Willson  and  Lieut.  Hugh  Allen,  &  18  Privates.  2 
Capts,  2  Lieuts.  &  51  Private  wounded.  The  above 
Acct.  of  the  Action  was  drawn  by  J.  Todd.8* 

63  See  maps  of  the  battle  ground,   included  in  the  present 
volume.     "Slash"  was  a  colloquial  Virginia  phrase  for  marsh. 
The    "small    wet   bottom"    is   evidently   the   bed    of    Crooked 
Creek,  which  in  time  of  low  water  is  a  very  narrow  stream 
with  steep,  muddy  sides.     See  Draper  MSS.,  2ZZ57. — ED. 

64  This   paragraph,   giving  the   list   of  killed   and    wounded 
from  Augusta  County,  and  the  information  as  to  the  author 
of  the  foregoing  account  of  the  battle,  is  in  Colonel  Fleming's 
handwriting.     John  Todd  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  (born 
in  1750)  ;  but  orphaned  at  an  early  age,  he  was  educated  at 
the   classical  academy  of   his   uncle,   John   Todd,   in   Louisa 
County,  Va.     Having  studied  law,  he  practised  for  a  time  in 
Fincastle,  Va. ;  but  on  this  campaign  appears  to  have  officiated 
as  aide  or  adjutant  in  John  Lewis's  company,  from  Botetourt. 


344  DUNM ORE'S   WAR 

Killed  of  the  Botetourt  Line  Captains  Murray, 
McClenachan  &  Ward  the  two  last  of  which  died  one 
on  the  night  &  the  other  a  day  or  two  after  the  battle, 
Subalterns  Ensign  Bracken  &  Cundiff  Wounded 
Colo.  Fleming  Capt.  Buford,  Lieut.  Goldman,  Lieut. 
Robison  17  Private  kild  &  35  Wounded,  the  whole 
of  the  kild  46  Sergts  &  privates  &  90  wounded65 

In  1775  he  removed  to  Kentucky.  In  the  same  year  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Transylvania  legislature,  and  one  of  the  first 
delegates  from  Kentucky  County  to  the  Virginia  assembly. 
There  is  some  difference  of  opinion  as  to  his  having  served  in 
Clark's  Kaskaskia  campaign;  he  was  certainly  not  at  Vin- 
cennes,  as  frequently  stated,  but  co-operated  in  raising  troops 
for  Clark.  In  1778  he  was  appointed  county-lieutenant  of  the 
newly-erected  Illinois  County,  and  for  one  year  served  as  its 
commandant.  In  1780,  he  was  again  delegate  to  the  Virginia 
assembly,  and  married  in  the  same  year.  Returning  to  Lex 
ington,  Ky.,  he  was  chosen  county-lieutenant  of  Fayette, 
erected  the  first  fort  at  Lexington,  and  perished  at  the  battle 
of  Blue  Licks,  August,  1782. — ED. 

65  There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  lists  and  numbers 
of  the  killed  and  wounded.  Compare  with  this  list  of  Todd 
and  Fleming,  the  one  given  in  Fleming's  Journal,  ante,  and 
Bowyer's  .letter  to  his  wife,  where  he  gives  the  whole  number 
as  147.  Compare  also  Fleming's  list  of  Oct.  28,  post,  where 
the  number  is  put  at  138.  Dr.  Draper,  who  made  a  very  care 
ful  estimate  from  all  the  original  sources,  says  (Draper  MSS., 
3038)  that  nine  commissioned  officers  and  forty-six  non-com 
missioned  officers  and  privates  were  killed;  and  ninety-two 
wounded,  of  whom  fifteen  afterwards  died.  A  return  from 
the  camp,  dated  Oct.  23,  1774,  reports  "seventy-two  wounded 
and  four  sick"  (Draper  MSS.,  7ZZ4).  With  the  prevalent 
human  tendency  to  exaggerate  the  losses  in  a  famous  battle, 
the  participants  who  in  later  years  wrote  memoirs,  enlarged 
these  figures.  Stuart  says  that  seventy-five  were  killed,  and 
a  hundred  and  forty  wounded.  Withers  and  Doddridge  fol 
low  his  authority.  Roosevelt  (Winning  of  the  West,  i.  232) 
accepts  Stuart's  statement,  and  thinks  that  the  contemporary 
reports  took  no  account  of  any  but  the  badly  wounded.  We 
are  of  the  opinion  that  Stuart  is  nearly  correct,  and  that  a 
hundred  and  fifty  wounded  is  approximately  the  correct  num 
ber.  Counting  some  nine  hundred  white  troops  as  engaged 
in  the  contest,  about  one-fourth  were  incapacitated  either  by 
death  or  wounds. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


345 


c?    CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 
October  ye  nth.  1774    Parole  Hampton 

The  Guards  to  consist  of  two  Capts.  &  6  Subaltern 
officers  &  one  hundred  men  the  Commanding  officer 
of  each  Company  to  have  their  men  compleated  with 
54  lb-  Powder  &  y2  lb  Lead  as  early  as  possible  &  hold 
them  in  readiness  to  take  the  field  that  we  may  as  well 
repulse  the  Enemy  should  they  Continue  about  us  as 
gather  in  the  Beeves.  Hearty  thanks  is  returned  to 
the  brave  officers  &  men  who  distinguished  themselves 
in  the  battle  of  yesterday,  by  whose  gallant  behaviour 
a  Victory  was  under  God  obtainrd.  Let  us  not  be  dis- 
mayd  by  the  loss  of  our  brave  officers  &  soldiers  that 
fell  tho'  we  cannot  help  regretting  the  loss  of  them; 
rather  let  us  be  inspired  with  a  double  degree  of  Cour 
age  and  Earnest  desire  to  give  our  perfidious  Enemies 
on[e]  thorough  Scourge. 

This  day  were  buried  the  men  who  were  slain  yester 
day  &  died  last  night  in  different  Burying  places  &  the 
following  officers  &  Gentlemen  in  the  Magazine.6' 

66In  1875  the  legislature  of  West  Virginia  appropriated  $3,500 
towards  the  work  of  placing  a  monument  over  the  graves 
of  those  who  fell  at  Point  Pleasant ;  the  fund  was  not  used  at 
the  time,  but  being  loaned  grew  to  $8,788.33.  In  1901,  $11,000 
had  been  secured  by  means  of  this  and  private  contributions, 
$9,000  of  which  was  devoted  to  purchasing  and  preparing  a 
public  park  at  the  angle  of  the  two  rivers,  as  a  site  for  the 
monument.  Oct.  10,  1901,  a  celebration  of  the  battle  occurred, 
the  park  being  formally  opened,  and  much  enthusiasm  dis 
played.  The  Charles  Lewis  chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution,  co-operating  with  a  legislative  commit 
tee  appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  state,  have  the  matter  in 
hand,  and  are  preparing  to  erect  a  suitable  monument  as  soon 
as  practicable.  At  the  session  of  1905,  the  legislature  voted 
towards  this  purpose  an  appropriation  of  $5,ooo,  payable  out 
of  the  appropriation  of  1906.  The  members  of  the  chapter  are 
expecting  aid  from  other  states  interested,  also  from  patriotic 
hereditary  societies  in  the  Old  Northwest. — ED. 


346  DUN 'MORE 'S   WAR 

Towit  Colo.  Chas.  Lewis,  Colo.  Jno.  Field,  Capt.  Mur 
ray  with  his  half  brother  Geo.  Cameron,  Capt.  MC- 
Clenachan  with  Mr.  Jno.  Frogg,  Capt.  Wilson  Lieutt. 
Allen. 

Omitted  before  Killed  of  the  Culpepper  Troops  Colo. 
Field. 

Wounded  [blank  in  MS.]  Came  to  Camp  last  night 
Colo.  Christien  with  the  Fincastle  troops. 

$    CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 
October  12^.  1774    Parole  Winsor 

The  Guard  as  yesterday.  Colo.  Christian  to  send 
a  Capt.  &  50  from  his  line  for  the  Beeves  he  left  on  the 
Kanhaway.  Major  Ingles  to  order  the  Bullock  drivers 
to  gather  in  the  Cattle  that  are  dispersed  on  different 
quarters.  The  pack  Horses  to  be  brought  to  the 
Camp.  The  master  of  the  artificers  to  have  the  store 
house  finished  as  quick  as  possible  Its  recommended 
to  each  Company  to  clear  off  the  underwood  in  the 
front  of  their  tents  so  that  the  whole  of  the  Camp  may 
be  made  clear.  The  tools  that  are  most  proper  for 
making  a  breast  work  to  be  collected  by  the  quarter 
master-Sergeant  &  deliver  them  to  persons  by  the  ad 
jutants  orders. 

This  day  The  Scalps  of  Enemy  were  collected  & 
found  to  be  I76T  they  were  dressed  &  hung  upon  a 
pole  near  the  river  Bank  &  the  plunder  was  collected 


67  It  was  the  belief  of  the  participants  in  the  battle  of  Point 
Pleasant,  that  the  Indians  engaged  were  about  equal  to  their 
own  army  in  numbers,  and  that  their  loss  was  fully  as  heavy. 
A  mutilated  sheet  of  manuscript  found  among  the  Fleming 
papers  (2ZZ72)  makes  the  following  statement: 

"  *  *  *  told  that  of  430  Shawnese  Warriors  or  upwards 
that  came  out,  only  200  had  returned,  as  they  were  Assisted 
by  the  Mingoes,  Tawas  &  Wiandots.  and  perhaps  had  several 
Delawares  with  them,  it  confirmed  the  Judgement  we  formd 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  347 

&  found  to  be  23  Guns  80  Blankets  27  Tomahawks 
with  Match  coats  Skins  Shout  [shot]  pouches  pow- 
[djerhorns  Warclubs  &c.  The  Tomhawks  Guns  & 
Shout  pouches  were  sold  &  amounted  to  near  100  1. 

T?CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 
Oct°.  13th.  1774.     Parole  Alexandria 

The  Guards  to  be  relieved  by  an  equal  number,  all 
the  tools  to  be  collected  that  are  not  in  use  by  the 
artificers  under  Mr.  Allen  &  layd  by  the  store  house 
Mr.  Allen  will  be  pleased  to  have  the  house  in  order 
to  receive  the  flower  as  soon  as  possible  The  Pack- 
horsemen  to  have  all  Horses  that  can  possibly  find 
drawn  up  this  day  &  the  Bullock  drivers  to  gather  in 
the  Cattle.  The  Capts.  of  the  different  lines  to  attend 
at  9  o'Clock. 

The   following   was  annexed68  an  address   to  the 


of  their  numbers  on  the  10^  Ins*  to  be  somewhere  about  800. 
And  that  they  must  have  suffered  largely,  Altho  we  got  only 
18  Scalps  as  they  fought  bravely  &  Stood  it  a  long  time,  mak 
ing  many  desperate  pushes  &  resolute  stands" 

Smith,  who  had  been  a  prisoner  among  the  Shawnee,  stated 
their  loss  as  twenty-eight.  This  would  not  include  the 
Ottawa,  Wyandot,  and  Mingo  allies.  Only  one  chieftain  is 
known  to  have  been  killed — Puck-e-shin-wa,  father  of  Tecum- 
seh.  Dr.  Draper  gives  the  following  chiefs  as  participants  in 
the  battle :  Cornstalk,  Blue  Jacket,  Black  Hoof,  Red  Hawk, 
Captain  Dickson,  Elinipisco,  and  Scoppathus,  to  which 
Withers  adds  Chiyawee,  a  Wyandot.  Charles  Clendennin 
and  Thomas  Lewis  related  to  Dr.  Draper  that  after  the  treaty 
with  Dunmore  had  been  signed,  the  Shawnee  chased  some 
white  traders  away  from  Chillicothe,  saying  that  they  only 
eame  to  discover  how  many  wounded  they  had,  and  to  deride 
them  for  their  losses.  Dr.  Draper  also  makes  an  estimate 
of  two  hundred  and  thirty-three  Indians  killed  and  wounded 
(3041),  but  this  is  doubtless  too  large  a  number. — ED. 

C8The  writer  means  that  the  following  address,  written  by 
Col.  Andrew  Lewis,  was  annexed  to  the  orders  for  the 
day. — ED. 


348  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

Auga.  Troops  as  follows :  The  Augusta  line  &  I  have 
too  much  reason  to  condole  with  one  another.  You 
have  lost  your  brave  leader  &  I  in  him  have  lost  the 
best  of  Brothers.  A  regard  to  his  memory  would  be 
inducement  enough  to  me  to  treat  the  brave  officers 
&  troops  of  Augusta  with  all  Tenderness  &  just  marks 
of  Esteem  even  had  I  never  been  honoured  as  I  for 
merly  have  been  with  the  Command  of  them.  There 
fore  they  may  be  assured  that  in  everything  that  re 
gards  their  rank,  interest  &  satisfaction  I  shall  be  anx 
iously  attentive.  I  shall  think  myself  happy  in  having 
it  in  my  power  to  render  them  any  essential  Service 
either  whilst  they  are  under  my  command  on  this  expe 
dition  or  hereafter. 

This  Morning  very  early  returnd  the  Scouts  with 
Letters  from  his  Lordship  to  Colo.  Lewis  wt.  instruc 
tions  to  march  soon  to  the  Towns  &  Join  him  on  ye 
way. 

$    CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 
Oct<>.  i4th.  1774    Parole  Portsmouth. 

The  Guards  to  mount  as  usual  If  the  Capts.  will 
be  pleased  to  meet  at  the  Store  house  &  divide  the 
breast  work  lines  so  that  each  Company  may  have  a 
proportion  equal  to  its  number  the  sooner  the  work 
will  be  accomplished.  Capt  McKie69  to  succeed  Capt. 

69  William  McKee  was  a  Scotch-Irishman  born  probably  in 
Ireland  (1732).  When  quite  young  he  removed  to  the  Valley 
of  Virginia,  and  was  active  in  Indian  wars,  claiming  to  have 
been  with  Braddock  on  the  day  of  his  famous  defeat.  He 
was  lieutenant  in  Captain  Murray's  company,  although  having 
previously  ranked  as  a  militia  captain.  After  Dunmore's  War, 
he  saw  frequent  service  in  the  Virginia  legislature,  and  was 
delegate  for  Rockbridge  in  the  Virginia  constitutional  conven 
tion,  voting,  in  opposition  to  his  instructions,  in  favor  of  the 
constitution.  Shortly  afterwards,  he  removed  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  died  in  Lincoln  County  (1816). — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK. 


349 


Murray  in  the  command  of  the  Company.  Lieutt. 
Givens  to  succeed  Cap*.  Saml.  Willson  &  Lieut 
McCoy70  to  succeed  Capt.  Ro:  McClenachan  &  Lieutt. 
Roberts  who  acted  as  Lieut,  under  Colo.  Field  to  take 
charge  of  that  Company  A  Return  to  be  given  in 
immediately  of  the  number  of  Each  Company  that 
may  be  depended  on  to  cross  the  river  to  the  Towns. 

This  Night  came  into  Camp  Colo.  Slaughter  with 
the  forces  from  Dunmore  &  the  Beaves  &  Flower  left 
by  Colo.  Christian  at  Elk. 

^>       CAMP  AT   POINT  PLEASANT 

Octr.   1 5th.  J774.     Parole  Barre 

The  Guards  as  usual.  3  men  from  each  Company 
to  be  collected  &  put  under  the  Command  of  3  Ser 
geants  one  of  which  is  to  go  up  the  Ohio  3  or  four 
miles,  the  Other  up  the  Kanhaway  to  the  first  narrows 
&  the  3^1  to  take  the  ridges  between  the  two  &  make 
diligent  search  for  horses  &  drive  to  camp  all  they 
can  find.  Major  Ingles  will  order  all  the  cattle  that 
can  be  found  to  be  drive  up  in  the  Evening  Each 
Company  to  draw  as  much  Lead  as  will  complete  the 
men  that  cross  the  river  to  ^  pounds  &  have  it  cast 
into  Bullets  the  men  that  cross  the  river  to  have  5 
days  beef  served  out  which  they  are  to  make  ready  for 
Carriage.  The  Scouts  that  are  fit  for  Duty  to  attend 
for  Instructions  immediately 

O    CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 
October  i6th.  1774    Parole  Hanover 
The  Guard  as  before,     all  the  horses  to  be  gathered 


70  An  Augusta  man  of  this  name,  William  McCoy,  was 
member  of  congress  from  that  district  (1811-33).  He  was 
probably  a  descendant  of  Lieutenant  McCoy. — ED. 


350  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

in  after  60  of  the  strongest  Horses  are  set  apart  for 
the  carriage  of  Flower  each  Company  may  have  a 
horse  to  carry  their  Tents.  Major  Ingles  to  have  50 
good  Beeves  in  readiness  to  cross  the  river  &  this 
Evening  the  troops  who  cross  the  river  to  have  two 
days  beef  served  each  man  that  crosses  the  river  to  be 
compleated  to  l/2  lb  Powder  4  of  the  Scouts  to  be 
employd  this  day  in  gathering  in  Horses  as  they  are 
to  have  two  for  the  carriage  of  their  bundles  that  they 
may  the  better  do  their  duty  It's  recommended  to 
the  officers  who  have  taken  in  hand  to  make  the  breast 
work  to  have  their  respective  parts  finished  off  this 
morning  as  quick  as  possible.71 

3)    17 

The  Troops  Crosd  the  Ohio  &  took  with  them  118 
beeves  &  10  days  Flower,  when  Colo.  Lewis  left  the 
Camp  he  gave  me  the  following  Instructions  Sir — 
On  my  Crossing  the  River  with  the  Main  body  of  the 
Troops  You  are  to  take  Charge  of  the  Officers  & 
troops  that  remain.  Your  Principle  duty  will  be  to 
secure  this  Camp  from  the  Attacks  of  the  Enemy 
should  any  Appear  &  make  the  Works  that  are  so  farr 
Carried  on  as  compleat  as  you  can.  Mr  Trent  the 
Canoe  master  with  several  Canoe  men  will  be  ready 
to  go  up  to  Elk  with  4  large  Canoes  as  soon  as  you 
can  learn  by  consulting  Mr  Posey,  that  the  Flower 
will  be  at  Elk,  you  are  to  order  up  Mr  Trent  with  the 
4  large  Canoes  &  what  they  can  not  carry  down  must 


71  At  this  point  Colonel  Fleming  resumes  the  orderly-book, 
and  it  is  evident  that  John  Todd  crossed  the  river  with  the 
troops  and  marched  for  the  Indian  towns.  Newell  also 
crossed  the  river,  and  the  remainder  of  his  Journal  is  given 
post.— ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  351 

be  brought  by  the  strongest  horses  that  can  be  found 
at  that  place,  &  perticular  derections  must  be  given 
to  the  Officer  at  Elk,  to  receive  &  secure  all  provi 
sions,  &  have  it  in  readdiness  for  Issuing  as  it  may  be 
cald  for.  If  you  can  engage  any  considerable  Num 
ber  of  Men  as  Artificers  and  employ  them  in  making 
a  Fort,  or  rather  in  preparing  timber  for  it,  it  would 
be  of  service.  Hued  Logs  for  Barracks,  which  might 
compose  the  Courtains  of  a  Fort.  Vessels  should  like 
wise  be  made  for  Salting  Beef.  The  Canoes  that  do 
not  go  up  Elk  to  be  secured  so  that  they  may  be  had 
at  a  Call.  If  any  Lettar  should  come  from  the  Gov 
ernor  in  two  or  three  or  even  four  days  send  them  or 
it  to  me.72  The  Capts  Dickenson  Lockridge  Herbert 
&  Slaughter  to  remain.  Lieut  Draper  &  Vance  &  En 
sign  Smith  Parole  Lewis.  An  officer  and  2  sergnts 
and  30  for  gaud  [guard]. 

C?      CAMP  AT  POINT   PLEASANT 

Octr.  1 8th  1774  Parole  Finlatton73 
Capt  Lockridge  to  take  the  Charge  of  the  augusta 
Troops  that  were  left  Here  and  Form  them  Into  a 
Company  and  have  them  properly  offis[er]ed.  Capt. 
Harbert  to  take  the  Charge  of  the  Fincastle  Men  and 
Botetourt  Exclusive  of  Capt  Bufords  and  Paulings  and 
have  them  formed  into  a  Company  under  his  Direction. 
Capt  Slaughter  to  Form  the  Culpeper  Troops  with 
what  are  of  Capt  Bufords  and  Capt  Paulings  into  a 


72  The  original  MS.  of  these  orders  for  Colonel  Fleming,  in 
Col.     Andrew    Lewis's    handwriting,    is     in    Draper    MSS., 
2ZZ73.— ED. 

73  The  entries  for  Oct.  18  and  19  are  in  a  different  hand 
writing,  evidently  that  of  one  of  Colonel  Fleming's  aids. — ED, 


352  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

Company  properly  offs'd.  It  is  Hoped  the  Captns. 
will  have  a  proper  Roole  [Roll]  of  their  Companies 
made  out  and  that  they  will  Engage  all  the  men  that 
Can  be  spard.  from  guard  and  tending  the  Sick,  to 
Compleat  the  Bastion  and  Breast  Work  already  almost 
Finished  and  to  build  a  stockeade  Fort  with  all  Expe 
dition.  These  ne[ce]ssary  works  I  am  in  hopes  the 
Men  will  Cordially  join  in  Compleating  as  it  is  not 
only  for  the  Security  of  their  brave  wounded  Compan 
ions  but  likewise  for  their  own  preservation,  and  for 
their  Encouragement  I  can  asure  them  they  shall  be 
paid  Extraordinary  Wages,  a  subaltern  and  30  pri 
vate  men  and  2  sergnts  for  gaurd. 

$      CAM[P]    AT  POINT  PLEASANT. 

Octr.  igth  1774    Parole  Stephens 

The  gaurd  as  before  a  Gentry  to  be  plased  over  the 
Canoes  Which  is  to  Suffer  no  Canoes  to  be  taken  away 
but  by  the  Canoe  Master  or  particular  orders.  Capt 
Lockridge  is  Desird  to  pick  out  two  or  3  of  the  Most 
active  Men  and  Best  woodsmen  in  the  augusta  Line 
to  take  a  Range  as  scouts  up  the  Kannaway  to  morrow 
morning  and  from  the  River  Two  or  3  miles  Round 
the  Camp.  Capt  Herbert  is  to  Enquire  if  any  men 
under  his  Care  are  fit  to  range  the  woods  as  likewise 
Capt  Slaug[h]ter  and  make  Report  of  them,  the  Men 
are  Desird  to  be  as  Diligant  as  possible  in  they  present 
works  they  are  Employed  in  and  be  prepard  to  attend 
at  the  Magazine  for  Tools  to  morrow  morning  when 
the  pioneers  March  which  is  to  beat  which  will  be  an 
hour  after  the  Revel  [Reveille].  Robt  McFarling, 
Wm  Blair  Scouts 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  353 

Qi    CAMP  Octr.  20.  1774    Parole  MonlinT* 
The  Guard  as  Usual.    The  Men  to  be  employed  on 
the  Breast  work  &c: 

.?  Octr.  21.  1774.  Parole  Dumfries 
The  Guard  as  usual.  The  Reveille  to  beat  before 
day  break,  the  line  to  turn  out  under  Arms  &  have 
their  Firelocks  examined  by  the  Officers  of  their  Com 
panies,  the  Men  for  Work  to  parade  as  soon  as  pos 
sible  &  compleat  the  breast  work  &c. 

T?     CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT.    Octr  22.  1774. 
The  Guard  as  Usual.     What  men  can  be  got  to 
work  to  be  imployed.     the  Guard  to  be  releived  to 
morrow  morning  at  Eight  o'Clock. 

O    CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 

Octr.  23.  1774    Parole  Botetourt 

The  Reveille  to  beat  tomorrow  morning  before  day 
The  whole  Lines  are  to  turn  out  under  Arms,  have 
the  Rolls  cald  and  their  Firelocks  examined  &  fresh 
primd  if  necessary,  the  different  Officers  to  Attend  at 
the  head  of  their  Companies,  &  see  this  done,  the 
Men  for  work  are  to  prepair  themselves  immediately 
after,  to  finish  these  Necessary  works  for  their  own 
preservation.  The  Guards  to  be  constantly  relieved 
every  Morning  at  Eight  o'Clock,  and  to  consist  for  the 
future  of  one  Subaltern,  4  Sergts  &  40  Private  men, 
from  which  he  is  to  detatch  a  Sergt  &  8  R  &  File  to 
the  Kanhaway,  &  a  Sergt  &  8  Private  up  the  Ohio, 
who  are  to  take  place  on  the  banks  of  the  River,  & 
keep  out  two  sentinels  each  the  Officer  of  the  Guard 


74Monlin  was  one  of  Lord  Dunmore's  titles. — ED. 
23 


354 


D UN M ORE'S   WAR 


is  likewise  to  detatch  a  Sergt  &  8  to  the  point,  who  is 
to  have  the  Canoes  in  Charge  &  be  Answerable  for 
them,  the  Men  that  are  on  Guard  are  by  no  means 
to  leave  their  Guards  and  must  not  expect  when  on 
duty  to  sleep  in  their  tent,  the  Centinels,  on  the  Ap 
proach  of  any  Person  to  them  in  the  Night  or  on  hear 
ing  any  unusual  noise  wch  they  imagine  to  proceed 
from  the  Enemy,  are  to  chalange  briskly,  &  distinctly. 
"Who  comes  there."  if  they  receive  no  Answer  the 
first  &  second  Challange  they  are  to  make  readdy, 
Challange  a  third  time  and  if  they  receive  no  Answer 
Fire  on  the  Enemy  &  retire  to  the  Guard,  who  are  to 
turn  out  under  Arms,  on  the  Centinels  Challenging 
twise  without  receiving  an  Answer.  The  Officer  of 
the  Guard  is  immediately  to  send  a  Sergt.  &  small 
party  to  examine  into  the  Cause  of  the  Alarm,  &  keep 
himself  &  Guard  in  readiness  for  Action.  To  keep  the 
men  Alert  on  their  Posts  it  will  be  necessary  for  the 
Officer  of  the  Guard  to  Visit  his  Centinels  himself,  as 
Rounds,  once  or  twise  a  night,  and  have  a  Sergeant 
likewise  to  Visit  them  especially  before  daybreak  or 
beating  of  the  reveille  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  men 
will  Chearfully  Join  in  the  work  to  morrow,  As  it  will 
be  a  Shame  to  flinch  from  the  Service  of  their  Country 
for  two  or  three  days  work,  And  will  be  a  constant 
stain  on  their  honour  to  their  latest  posterity,  either  to 
be  cut  off  or  defeated  by  the  remains  of  an  already 
beaten  Enemy  through  laiziness  of  our  securing  our 
Post,  if  this  has  no  effect  which  I  should  be  both 
surprized  &  Sorry  to  see  I  must  Acquaint  those  who 
refuse  to  Join  in  so  necessary  a  work  that  they  by  their 
refusall  will  forfit  all  claim  to  the  merit  of  their  former 
good  &  brave  behaviour. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


355 


5)    Octobr.  24.  1774    Parole  Fincastle 
The  Guards  as  Yesterday,     the  Men  off  duty  to  be 
employed  on  the  Breastwork  &c. 

c?    Octr.  25.  1774    Parole  Augusta 

The  Guards  as  Usual :  the  Men  off  Duty  to  be  im- 
ployed  on  the  breastwork,  &  burning  &  Clearing 
Brush 

$    Octr.  26  1774    Parole  Culpepper 
The  Guard  as  Usual,  &  the  Men  to  be  employed  as 
before     a  Fish  was  caught  this  evening  weighing  89 
pounds. 

Qj.    27    Parole  Williamsburg. 

The  Guard  &  fatigue  as  usual  this  day  several 
Men  returned  from  Colo.  Lewis  &  brought  Advice  of 
a  peace  being  made  with  the  Indians 

?    28  Octr   I774    Parole  Peace 

The  Guards  as  usual.  This  day  numbers  of  the 
Troops  crossd  the  River  the  Rear  is  expected  tomor 
row.  A  List  of  the  Kild  and  wounded  in  the  Action 
of  the  loth  those  markd  with  a  Cross  died  of  their 
wounds  some  time  after  the  engagement 

Botetourt  Line  Augusta  line 

Capt  Murray  Colo.  c.  Lewis 

* Rob*  McQennachan        Colo.  T.  Fields 

* Jas.  Ward  Capt.  Saml  Wilson 

* Buford  Lieutt  Hugh  Allen 

Lieut.  Bracken  Eighteen  Private 

* Goldman 

Ensgn.  Condiff  Wounded 

Seventeen  Private  Cap*.  Jn<>  Dickinson 

Skidmore. 

Wounded  Lieutt.  Scard 

Col°.  Fleming  Vance 

Lieut  Robinson  fifty  One  private  . 
thirty  five  private 


356  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

T?    29. 

Colo  Lewis  came  into  Camp  last  evening,  and  when 
he  had  got  to  some  distance  from  the  Towns  the  Gov 
ernor  sent  an  Express  to  inform  him  that  He  had  very 
near  concluded  a  peace  and  that  he  was  to  halt  his 
troops  there,  the  place  being  inconvenient  to  encamp 
and  Colo  Lewis  Men  being  fired  on  that  morning  he 
marchd  on.  Next  Morning1  He  receivd  another  Ex 
press  informing  him  the  Peace  was  in  a  Manner  con 
cluded  that  the  Shawnese  had  agreed  to  his  terms, 
and  therefor  Colo  Lewis  was  to  encamp  where  he 
was.  &  that  he  &  any  Officers  he  tho't  proper  might 
come  over  to  his  Camp,  Colo  Lewis  did  not  imagine 
it  would  be  prudent  to  go  to  his  lordships  Camp  with 
only  two  or  three  Officers,  and  therefore  marchd 
thereto  with  a  design  to  Join  his  Lordship  but  the 
Guide  mistook  the  path  &  took  a  path  that  led  betwixt 
the  towns  &  his  Lordships  Camp,  this  put  the  Indians 
into  a  fright  they  expected  Colo  Lewis  was  going  to 
Attack  their  towns  they  left  his  Lordship,  and  run  off. 
His  Lordship  rode  down  to  Colo  Lewis'  Camp  in  compy 
with  Gibson  a  trader  &  Whitefish  an  Indian,  he  ask'd 
Colo  Lewis  why  he  did  not  stop  when  he  was  ordered, 
or  if  he  proposd  to  push  on  to  the  towns.  Colo  Lewis 
informd  his  Lordship  the  reason  of  his  marching  & 
how  he  got  between  his  Lordship  &  the  towns,  and 
that  his  Lordship  needed  not  to  be  Apprehensive  of 
his  Attacking  the  Towns  after  receiving  his  Lordships 
Orders,  the  next  day  his  Lordship  ordered  the  Troops 
with  Colo  Lewis  to  return  which  they  did  &c: 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK  357 

0    3o[th] 

sent  off  some  of  my  baggage  with  Smith  &  prepared 
to  go  up  in  a  Canoe 

0)    31st 

set  off  from  Camp  in  a  Canoe  with  4  watermen  & 
Capt  dickinson,  came  up  about  5  miles  encampd  on 
the  S.  Side  of  the  Kanhaway.78 

c?    Novr.  ist. 

came  up  about  17  miles,     encampd  on  the  N.  side.78 

9    2[nd] 

encamp'd  near  the  Mouth  or  Opposite  Pocatellico 
on  the  S.  Side. 

21    3[d] 
got  up  to  Elk. 

$    4[th] 

collected  horses  to  start  home  and  encamped  3  miles 
from  the  burning  Springs 


encampd  3  miles  above  Kellys 

O    6th 

encampd  y^  of  a  mile  above  the  lower  foarding  of 
Gauly,  which  are  found  very  Low,  tho  it  rained  on  us 
all  day. 

0)   7th 

Crosd  Gauly  twise  which  we  found  to  our  Joy  verry 
low.  we  Crossd  Gauly  Mountain  had  a  fine  day  & 
the  road  in  excellent  order  for  travelling  came  down 
the  Augusta  Path  which  we  found  excessively  steep  & 


75  About  opposite  the  present  town   of  Ambrosia,   on   the 
Kanawha  &  Michigan  (part  of  Toledo  &  Ohio  system)  Rail 
way. — ED. 

76  Not  far  from  Midway,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Hurricane 
Creek.— ED. 


358  DUNMORE'S    V/AR 

encamp'd  at  the  first  water  we  met  south  of  the  Moun 
tain.77     Laus  Deo. 


encamp'd  after  crossing  several  Spurs,  &  coming 
down  a  Steep  one  in  a  bottom  on  a  run  near  the  48 
Mile  tree,  this  Night  it  snowd  the  earth  was  covered 
about  1  1/2  inches,  here  some  of  the  People  found 
some  Bullocks  &  shot  down  a  Cow  that  by  computa 
tion  weighd  65  a  Quarter. 

$    g[th] 

Crosd  many  Chesnut  ridges  &  steep  pinches,  and 
encampd  on  the  top  of  a  Mountain  near  the  33  mile 
tree  a  very  cold  day  &  night,  the  encamping  ground 
very  bad  &  Stony 

QJ.    io[th] 

reachd  Wm  McClungs  on  Meadow  Creek78  all  this 
day  I  had  a  fever  which  increased  very  much,  my 
wounds  enflamed  &  stopt  running,  and  I  had  a  very 
bad  night  but  got  easier  in  the  morning  &  marchd 
about  12  o'Clock  on 

$    nth, 

and  five  miles  from  thence  Met  C.  C.  &  W.  S  :  who 
had  set  out  from  town  to  meet  me.  had  a  fever  all 


77  Evidently  Colonel  Fleming  returned  by  the  same  route 
over  which  the  troops  had  marched  on  their  outward  journey. 
By  the  Augusta  path,  he  refers  to  the  route  taken  by  Col. 
Charles  Lewis's  division,  which  differed  slightly,  in  crossing 
Gauley  Mountain,  from  that  followed  by  the  Botetourt  line. 
See  entry  for  Sept.  19,  ante. — ED. 

78  When  Hammond  and  Pryor  set  out  from  Fort  Randolph, 
in    1777,    to    warn    the    Greenbrier    settlements    of    the    large 
marauding  party  of  Indians  on  their  way  thither,  they  passed 
the    Indian    band    who    were    killing    and    eating    hogs    at 
McClung's  place  on  Meadow  River,  probably  in  northwestern 
Greenbrier  County. — ED. 


FLEMING'S  ORDERLY  BOOK 


359 


nighf  which  continued  all  Saturday  I  got  bled  in  the 
Arm  my  wounds  were  much  enflamed  the  Arm 
sweld  greatly  and  the  most  Violent  Shooting  flying 
[pains]  in  my  hand  fingers  &  tho  I  took  some  Cocho 
but  without  much  effect 


Capt  Christian  set  out  on  his  return79  My  Arm  ex- 
cessivly  pain  full  the  feaver  very  high  and  verry  heart 
sick.  but  I  thank  God  I  [had]  a  pritty  good  night 
tho  the  fever  continued  all  the  next  day  &  till  towards 
the  Evening,  this  day  Daniel  McNeill80  Joind  me  & 
staid  to  come  in  with  me. 


O 

as  mention  d  above,  but  something  bettar 


0)   i4th- 

set   out   pasd   the   Levels   &  got  to   Spars   Foard. 
lodged  there  at  Mr  Andersons. 


Went  to  Patrick  Daviss.  on  Howards  Creek81     it 
snowed  in  the  night 

$    i6[th]. 
Rested  there  all  day.    but  sent  Smith  home 


79  Not  Col.  William  Christian,  but  some  other  member  of 
the  family,  probably  of  the  collateral  branch  founded  by  Gil 
bert  Christian. — ED. 

80 Lieutenant  in  Captain  Philip  Love's  company. — ED. 

81  About  where  White  Sulphur  Springs  is  now  situated,  on 
Howard  Creek.— ED. 


360  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

QJ. 
Came  over  to  Greenwoods  on  Dunlops  Creek82 

$ 
Got  to  Fort  Young,  on  Jacksons  River83 

1?      igth. 

Cros'd    from    Woolys    to    Crawfords,    where    we 
lodged84 

O    2otth]. 
reach'd  the  Court  House.85 

0)       [21st] 

Rested  the  2ist    it  raind  all  day  with  Sleet  Snow  & 
hail  &  on 

c?    the  22<* 

Reach'd  home  in  safety  being  Just  3  months  gone 
Praise  be  to  God. 


82  On  this  day's  ride  Fleming  crossed  the  main  ridge  of  the 
Alleghany   Mountains,   passing   from   the   present   West   Vir 
ginia  into  Virginia,  and  resting  on  Dunlap's  Creek,  a  western 
affment  of  Jackson  River,  a  branch  of  the  James  in  Alleghany 
County.     The  present  road  follows  about  the  same  route  from 
White  Sulphur  Springs  to  Covington,  not  far  from  the  line 
of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway. — ED. 

83  Fort  Young  was  near  the  present  site  of  Covington,  and 
had  been  employed  as  a   frontier  defense  during  the  French 
and  Indian  War. — ED. 

84  Crossing  North  Mountain  into  Botetourt  County.    Alex 
ander  Crawford  was  a  pioneer  owning  a  large  estate  in  west 
ern  Botetourt  County,  but  he  was  cut  off  by  the  Indians  about 
1764.     See  Waddell,  Augusta  County,  pp.   191-193.     His  de 
scendants  lived  at  this  place  until  recently. — ED. 

85  The    county    of    Botetourt    was    erected    from    Augusta 
County  in  1769;  the  first  meeting  of  the  magistrates  was  in 
February  of  the  following  year.     Israel  Christian,   Fleming's 
father-in-law,  donated  forty  acres  to  the  county  for  the  erec 
tion  of  a  court  house.     This  was  established  as  a  town  by  a 
law  of  1772,  and  named  Fincastle,  for  one  of  Lord  Dunmore's 
titles.    In  1900  the  population  was  652.— ED. 


NEW  ELL'S  JOURNAL  361 


JOURNAL  OP  JAMES  NEWELL  ACROSS  THE  OHIO 

[Portion  of  Orderly  Book  and  Journal.     uZZi-i2.]8e 

CAMP,  ON  POINT  PLEASANT, 
Oct.  17th.  1774.      Parole,  Murry. 

The  Horses  &  Cattle  that  are  to  cross  the  river  to  be 
got  in  readiness  as  quick  as  possible  three  days  flour 
and  one  of  beef  to  be  served  out  to  the  whole  that 
crosses  the  river  as  the  quantity  of  powder  will  not 
afford  more  than  y±  lb  to  each  man  that  has  been  saved 
since  the  battle,  that  is  the  quantity  to  be  served  and 
the  Captains  are  to  receive  for  their  Companies  in  bulk 
and  have  it  equally  divided 

Return  of  Capt  Herberts  Comp'ny  that  crossed  the 
Ohio  October  1774  Officers  i,  Sergeants  2,  privates  26 
in  all  29. 

Bold  Virginians  all,  each  cheer  up  your  heart. 
We  will  see  the  Shawnees  before  that  we  part, 
We  will  never  desert,  nor  will  we  retreat, 
Until  that  our  Victory  be  quite  compleat. 

Ye  offspring  of  Britain !     Come  stain  not  your  name, 
Nor  forfeit  your  right  to  your  forefathers'  fame, 
If  the  Shawnees  will  fight,  we  never  will  fly, 
We'll  fight  &  we'll  conquer,  or  else  we  will  die. 

Great  Dunmore  our  General  valiant  &  Bold 
Excels  the  great  Heroes — the  Heroes  of  old; 
When  he  doth  command  we  will  always  obey, 
When  he  bids  us  fight  we  will  not  run  away. 

Good  Lewis  our  Colo1,  courageous  &  Brave, 
We  wish  to  command  us — our  wish  let  us  have. 
In  Camp  he  is  pleasant,  in  War  he  is  bold 
Appears  like  great  Caesar — great  Caesar  of  old. 


86 The  earlier  portion  of  this  journal  (as  has  been  explained 
in  preceding  notes)  has  been  incorporated  with  Fleming's 
Orderly  Book.  After  crossing  the  Ohio,  Newell's  record  is 
different,  and  has  a  value  of  its  own. — ED. 


362  DUNMOR&S  WAR 

Our  Colonels  &  Captains  commands  we'll  obey, 
If  the  Shawnees  should  run  we  will  bid  them  to  stay. 
Our  Arms,  they  are  Rifles,  our  men  Volunteers 
We'll  fight  &  we'll  conquer  you  need  have  no  fears. 

Come  Gentlemen  all,  come  strive  to  excel, 
Strive  not  to  shoot  often,  but  strive  to  shoot  well. 
^Each  man  like  a  Hero  can  make  the  woods  ring, 
*And  extend  the  Dominion  of  George  our  Great  King. 

Then  to  it,  let's  go  with  might  &  with  main, 
Tho'  some  that  set  forward  return  not  again ; 
Let  us  quite  lay  aside  all  cowardly  fear 
In  hopes  of  returning  before  the  new  year. 

The  land  it  is  good,  it  is  just  to  our  mind, 
Each  will  have  his  part  if  his  Lordship  be  kind. 
The  Ohio  once  ours,  we'll  live  at  our  ease, 
With  a  Bottle  &  glass  to  drink  when  we  please. 

Here's  a  health  to  King  George  &  Charlotte  his  mate 
Wishing  our  Victory  may  soon  be  complete 
And  a  kind  female  friend  along  by  our  Side 
In  riches  &  splendor  till  Death  to  abide. 

Health  to  great  Dunmore  our  general  also, 
Wishing  he  may  conquer  wherever  he  go. 
Health  to  his  Lady — may  they  long  happy  be 
And  a  health,  my  good  friends,  to  you  &  to  me. 


Parole  London.— -CAMP  ON  THE  OHIO  AGAINST 

POINT  PLEASANT  Octobr  18,  1774. 

I  Capt.,  2  Lieuts.,  I  Ensg,  75  Private  men  for  the 
guard,  bullock  Drivers  to  gather  in  and  keep  all  the 
cattle  that  crossed  the  river  yesterday,  the  packhorse 
masters  to  have  61  pack  horses  in  readiness  for  load 
ing  as  early  as  possible  60  loads  of  flour  to  be  brought 
over  from  Point  pleasant  &  one  sack  of  Salt.  Major 
Tnglis  to  have  15  more  beeves  driven  over  the  river 
as  quick  as  possible. 


NEWELL'S  JOURNAL 


A  general  return  for  the  Fincastle  troops  for  I9ta  Oct.  1774 


Captain 

Lieut. 

En 
signs 

Sergnts 

Drum 

fife;d^Total 

Roberts87    1 

1 

1 

2 

. 

37 

38 

Crockett       1 

1 

1 

3 

28 

29 

Russell         1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

35 

35 

Shelby          1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

29 

29 

Campbell     1 

1 

3 

1 

. 

32 

32 

Floyd            1 

1 

1 

3 

44 

44 

Harrod         1 

1 

2 

27 

27 

Herbert        1 

• 

1 

2 

• 

• 

27 

27 

1  chaplain,  3  scouts,  1  Butcher 


281 


Wednesday  October  19th.,  1774. 

The  guard  as  before.  On  this  days  march  the  pack- 
horses  &  cattle  to  be  driven  as  close  as  possible  and 
when  the  ground  will  admit  of  it  not  further  back  than 
the  rear  of  the  right  &  left  Columns  this  Camp  was 
on  a  small  creek  about  i1/*  miles  from  the  Ohio  where 
was  an  Indian  Camp,  and  sundry  things  found  the 
Indians  had  left  on  their  flight  home 

Thursday  Octr  20"  [Parole]  Essex 
The  usual  guard  to  mount  this  morning  the  pack- 
horse  men  to  drive  as  close  &  far  forward  between  the 
columns  as  possible  &  the  cattle  to  be  drove  between 
the  rear  of  the  other  columns  in  case  of  an  attack. 
The  officers  to  form  in  the  best  manner  they  can  pos- 


87Maj.  James  Robertson,  for  whose  correspondence  with 
Colonel  Preston  see  ante.  The  majority  of  the  Fincastle 
troops  came  in  with  Colonel  Christian,  after  the  battle  of 
Point  Pleasant,  and  were  prepared  for  the  advance  to  the 
Indian  towns. — ED. 


364  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

sible  Judge  in  order  to  oppose  the  enemy  according  to 
the  ground,  place  or  places,  the  Enemy  may  appear 
In  case  of  an  alarm  in  Camp  the  officers  are  to  form 
on  their  own  ground,  as  they  camp  to  take  Care  & 
face  outwards.  The  I9th  of  this  month  as  we  were 
marching  on  our  way  to  the  Towns,  about  15  miles 
from  the  Ohio,  there  happened  an  unlucky  fellow  to 
shoot  off  his  gun  at  a  deer  that  run  thro'  the  ranks  as 
we  were  marching  along,  and  shot  my  brother  through 
the  left  knee,  and  after  going  5  or  6  miles  further,  we 
was  obliged  to  retreat  back  to  point  pleasant  on  the 
Ohio.88  that  night  we  camped  with  the  Army  about 
20  miles  from  the  Ohio.  The  next  morning  there 
was  a  large  body  of  Indians  seen  by  the  scouts,  and 
there  was  an  alarm  in  Camp,  and  all  the  men  turned 
out  and  formed  a  circle  and  stood  about  il/2  hours  and 
no  enemy  appearing  they  marched  off;  and  we  turned 
the  Ohio  way,  5  besides  my  brother,  when  we  expected 
to  be  attacked  every  moment  all  day  till  at  night  we 
reached  point  pleasant  to  our  great  satisfaction. 

Octr  2ist.     CAMP,  ON  POINT  PLEASANT,  Parole — Dumfrise. 

The  guard  as  usual,  the  Revelie  to  Beat  before  day 
break  the  lines  to  turn  out  under  arms  &  have  their 
arms  examined  by  the  officers  of  their  Companies,  the 
men  for  work  to  parade  as  soon  as  possible  &  compleat 
the  breast  work  At  point  pleasant  was  a  stockade  fort 
built  to  secure  the  wounded  men,  who  are  dicing  daily 
&  most  shocking  sight  to  see  their  wounds.  Alex 
McKee  caught  a  cat  fish  that  weighs  57^2  Ibs. 

88  It  would  appear  that  this  entry  was  made  by  Samuel, 
brother  of  James  Newell;  since,  according  to  the  return  of 
wounded  men  on  Oct.  23  (see  post),  James  was  among 
the  number  from  Captain  Herbert's  company.— ED. 


NEW  ELL'S  JOURNAL  365 

CAMP  ON  POINT  PLEASANT    Oct  23  1774    Parole  Botetourt. 

The  Revellee  to  beat  to-morrow  morning  before  day 
the  whole  lines    to   turn  out   under   arms,  have  their 
Rolls  called  &  their  arms  examined  &  fresh  primed,  if 
necessary;  the  different  officers  to  attend  at  the  head 
of  their  Companies,  &  see  that  this  is  done,     the  men 
for  work  are  to  prepare  themselves  for  work  immedi 
ately  after  to  finish  these  necessary  works  for  their 
own  preservation.     The  guard  to  be  relieved  continu 
ally  every  morning  at  8  oclock  &  to  consist  in  future 
of  one  subaltern,  4  Sergeants  &  48  private  men  from 
which  he  is  to  detach  a  Sergeant  &  8  men  up  the  Kana- 
wha  &  a  Sergeant  &  8  men  up  the  Ohio,  who  are  to 
take  place  on  the  bank  of  the  Rivers  &  keep  out  2  Gen 
tries  each.     The  officer  of  the  guard  is  likewise  to  de 
tach  a  Sergeant  &  8  men  to  the  point  who  is  to  have 
the  Canoes  in  charge  &  be  answerable  for  them     the 
men  that  are  on  guard  are  by  no  means  to  leave  their 
guards,  and  must  not  expect  when  on  duty  to  sleep  in 
their  tents,     the  Gentry  on  the  approach  of  any  per 
son  to  them  in  the  night,  or  on  hearing  any  unusual 
noise  which  they  imagine  to  proceed  from  the  enemy 
are  to   challenge    briskly   and   distinctly  "who   comes 
there"  if  they  receive  no  answers  the  ist  &  2nd  chal 
lenge  they  are  to  make  ready  at  challenging  a  third 
time  &  if  they  receive  no  answer  to  fire  on  the  enemy 
&  return  to  the  guard  who  are  to  turn  out  under  arms 
On  the  Centinels  chalenging  twice  &  receiving  no  an 
swer  the  officer  of  the  guard  is  immediately  to  send  a 
Sergeant  &  party  to  examine  into  the  cause  of  the 
alarm  &  keep  himself  and  guard  in  readiness  for  ac 
tion  &  to  keep  the  men  on  their  posts  it  will  be  neces- 


366 


DUNMORE'S   WAR 


sary  for  the  officer  of  the  guard  to  visit  his  Centinels 
himself  as  ro[u]nds  once  or  twice  a  night  &  have  a 
Sergeant  likewise  to  visit  them  personally  before  day 
break  or  at  beating  of  the  revilie.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
the  men  will  cheerfully  join  in  the  work  tomorrow,  as 
it  will  be  a  shame  to  flinch  from  the  service  of  this 
country  for  two  or  three  days  work,  &  will  be  a  con 
stant  stain  on  the  honor  of  their  latest  posterity  either 
to  be  cut  off,  or  defeated  by  the  remains  of  an  al 
ready  defeated  enemy  thro  the  laziness  of  not  securing 
our  posts.  If  this  has  no  effect  which  I  would  be 
both  surprised  &  sorry  to  see,  I  must  acquaint  those 
who  refuse  to  join  in  so  necessary  a  work,  that  they 
by  their  refusal  will  forfeit  all  claims  to  the  merit  of 
their  former  good  conduct  &  brave  behaviour 

CAMP  ON    POINT   PLEASANT 

Octr.  24th.  1774.     Parole,  Fincastle. 
The  Guard  as  yesterday  the    men  that  are  fit  for 
duty  to  be  employed  in  the  necessary  works  tomorrow 
morning  as  early  as  possible. 

A  return  of  Capt  Herbert's  Company,  Oct.  25^.  1774. 


Capt 

Lieut 

En- 

sgn 

Sergt 

Pri 
vates 

Sick 

Wou'd- 
ed 

Wait 
ers  on 
sick 

On 

com 
mand 

Fit 
for 
duty 

65 

1 

2 

2 

6 

110 

10 

20 

9 

6 

A  cat  fish  caught  this  day  weighed  89  Ibs  10  inches 
between  the  eyes,  2  ft  4  In.  round  the  head  4ft.  ioln 
long  a  Blue  Cat. 


NEWELL 'S  JOURNAL 


367 


CAMP  ON  POINT  PLEASANT 
Octr  25th.  1774.     Parole  Augusta. 

the  guard  as  usual  the  men  for  duty  except  the 
guard  to  be  employed  in  the  breast  works  &  burning 
of  brush 

CAMP  AT  POINT  PLEASANT 
Octr.  26,  1774.     Parole,  Culpepper. 

I  must  insist  upon  the  men  on  duty  to  be  employed 
in  finishing  the  breast  work  &  burning  the  brush  the 
Guard  as  usual.  This  day  I  crossed  the  Ohio  after 
my  horses  when  I  saw  Buffalo  sign 

CAMP  Octr.  27,  1774.     Parole  Williamsburg. 
The  guard  as  usual  the  men  for  duty  to  be  employed 
in  finishing  the  works 

A  General  return  of  the  troops  Camped  at  point  pleasant 
commanded  by  Colonel  William  Fleming  Octr  27  1774 


COMSND  OFFICERS 

NON  COMSND 
OFFICERS. 

RANK  &  FILE 

Compys 

Captains 

Lieutents 

Ensigns 

Sergeants 

03 

«£ 
••s 

Drums 

fit  for  duty 

| 

wounded 

'O 

ll 

|g 

Boatmen 

Cow  herds 

Pack  horses 

I 

Cp.  Herbert 

1 

2 

2 

6 

1 

65 

12 

20 

9 

108 

Cp.  Lockridge 

1 

i 

1 

6 

1 

50 

8 

43 

9 

5 

2 

2 

119 

Cpt.  Slaughter 

1 

1 

1 

3 

• 

42 

3 

8 

" 

" 

" 

» 

53 

CAMP  ON  POINT  PLEASANT  Octr  [28]  1774 
I  Capt  I  Ensn.  3  Sergeants  &  50  rank  &  file  to 
mount  guard     Immediately  all  the  pack  horse  men  to 
have  all  the  Horses  driven  up  &  confined  &  report 
the  number  every  evening  to  Capt  Geo  Mathews. 


368  DUNMORE'S   WAR 


AFFAIRS  IN  VIRGINIA;    THE   INDIAN 
EXPEDITION 

[Dunmore   to    Dartmouth,    official    report.     1 574-48.  ]89 
WILLIAMSBURG  24^.  December  1774 

MY  LORD — I  have  received  your  Lordships  dis 
patches  numbers  9,  10,  n,  12  and  13,  but  having  been, 
for  some  months  past,  in  the  back  parts  of  the  Colony, 
on  Business  of  a  Publick  and  important  nature,  of 
which  I  shall  inform  your  Lordship,  I  had  not  till  now 
an  opportunity  of  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  them; 
but  the  numbers  12  and  13,  particularly  the  last,  so 
wholly  engrosses  my  thoughts  that  I  am  under  a 
Necessity  of  Answering  that  letter,  before  I  can  pro 
ceed  to  any  other  consideration. 

The  perusal  of  NO.  13  has  rilled  me  with  concern, 
but  not  with  less  astonishment.90  I  have  gone  over  my 
own  letter,  No.  16,  to  which  your  Lordship  alludes, 
and  can  only  conclude  that  some  other  reasons,  than 
any  which  arise  from  the  complexion  of  my  own  rep- 


89  The   following  letter  of  Lord  Dunmore  to  the  Earl  of 
Dartmouth,  secretary  of  state  for  the  colonies,  was  copied  for 
Dr.   Draper  in  the  Public   Record   Office,  London,   from  the 
Colonial  Papers,  "America  and  West  Indies,"  ccxiii,  fol.   13. 
Portions  of  it  have  already  been  published  in  Amer.  Archives, 
4th  series,  i,  pp.  1061-1063;  and  Magazine  of  Western  History, 
i,  P-  457-— ED. 

90  From  Dunmore's  reply  it  is   evident  that  this  letter  of 
Dartmouth  contained  a  rebuke  to  him  for  granting  lands  in 
the  back  parts  of  Virginia,  in  opposition  to  the  Proclamation 
of  1763,  an!  thus  injuring  the  prospects  of  the  new  company 
which  was  to  form  a  colony  on  the  Ohio  (see  following  note). 
See  letter  of  Dartmouth  to  Dunmore,  dated  Oct.  5,  1774,  in 
Plain    Facts    (Phila.,    1781),    p.    159,    reprinted    in    Bigelow, 
Franklin's  Works,  x,  p.  169. — ED. 


DUN  MORE' S  ACCOUNT  369 

resentation  of  the  affair  in  question,  induced  your 
Lordship,  and  the  other  of  His  Majestys  Servants,  to 
Set  the  matter  before  the  King  in  so  Criminal  a  light, 
that  nothing  but  His  Majestys  tenderness  and  lenity 
have  Saved  me  from  the  whole  effect  of  the  Royal  dis 
pleasure,  and  that,  by  far,  the  greatest  part  of  it  should 
actually  be  inflicted  upon  me. 

However  Sensible  I  am  of  the  kindness  of  your 
Lordships  intention,  in  the  caution  which  you  are 
pleased  to  give  me  for  my  future  conduct,  I  must  be  so 
free  as  to  declare,  that  I  do  not  perceive  the  Miscon 
duct  which  has  made  your  Lordship  think  such  a  cau 
tion  necessary;  neither  do  I  discover  the  Justice  of 
the  heavy  rebuke,  which  your  Lordship  communicates 
to  me;  and  that  I  cannot  avail  myself  of  the  plea  of 
inadvertancey,  which  your  Lordship  has  been  pleased 
to  put  in  my  way,  but  that  I  must  depend  on  the  in 
tegrity  of  my  actions,  and  the  uprightness  of  my 
intentions  for  my  Justification,  which  if  I  am  not  so 
fortunate  as  to  make  His  Majesty  and  your  Lordship 
as  fully  Sensible  of,  as  I  am  myself  conscious  of;  the 
fear  of  loosing  the  pecuniary  advantages,  which  I  de 
rive  from  His  Majestys  favour,  will  not  induce  me 
to  use  any  other  means,  to  ward  off  the  reserved  pun 
ishment  with  which  I  am  threatened. 

The  Policy  of  Government,  respecting  the  back 
Country,  "and  the  Measures  pursued  in  consequence  of 
it,  which  your  Lordship  has  been  at  the  pains  of  ex 
plaining  to  me,  I  cannot,  as  you  rightly  observe,  be  ig 
norant  of,  and  I  might  Suppose  your  Lordship 
informed  that  I  was  not  ignorant  of  them,  for  I  trans 
mitted,  from  New  York,  the  I2th;  of  April  1770  a  let- 

24 


370  VUNMORE'S  WAR 

ter  to  Lord  North,  accompanied  by  a  State  of  all  the 
Arguments,  made  use  of  by  the  People  best  acquainted 
with  the  back  Countries  of  America,  against  extend 
ing  any  Settlements  to  the  Westward;  among  which 
the  necessity  of  adhering  to  the  Policy  mentioned  by 
your  Lordship  is  Strongly  urged;  which  Policy 
Seemed,  to  every  body  in  this  Country,  not  at  all  to 
have  been  considered,  when  the  Grant  to  Wallpole  and 
others  was  intended  :91  and  I  was  then,  as  I  am  Still, 
of  opinion  that  it  were  best  not  to  extend  any  Settle 
ments  beyond  the  limits  of  the  Colonies  as  they  Stood 
then. 

When  I  was  removed  to  this  Government  I  found 
the  boundary  line,  mentioned  by  your  Lordship  to  have 
been  Stipulated  in  the  Treaty  concluded  at  Lockaber 
the  1 8th  of  October  1770,  putting  into  execution;  the 
finishing  hand  was  given  to  that  Service  after  I  came 
here,  and  I  transmitted  an  Account  of  it,  with  a  Map 
of  the  line,  the  2oth  of  March  I772:92  and  My  Lord 
I  have  invariably  taken  every  Step  which  depended  on 
me,  to  prevent  any  infringment  of  it  by  the  people  of 


81  In  June,  1769,  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  king  by  a 
company  of  Englishmen  and  Americans,  headed  by  Thomas 
.  Walpole,  requesting  the  right  to  purchase  and  colonize  a  large 
V  tract  of  land  in  America,  which  had  been  ceded  by  the  Iro- 
quois  at  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  (1768).  The  grant  was 
finally  ordered  by  the  privy  council,  Oct.  28,  1773,  and  only 
failed  of  final  legal  authorization  because  of  the  popular  dis 
turbances  in  the  American  colonies.  The  new  colony  was  to 
have  been  known  as  Vandalia,  with  its  seat  of  government  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Great  Kanawha.  See  Alden,  "New  Govern 
ments  West  of  the  Alleghenies  before  1780,"  in  University  of 
Wisconsin  Bulletin,  Histor.  series,  ii,  pp.  20-35;  Turner, 
"Western  State  Making  in  the  Revolutionary  Era,"  in  Amer. 
Hist.  Rev.,  i,  pp.  73,  74;  and  Bigelow,  Franklin's  Works,  x, 
PP-  346-371.— ED. 
92  See  ante,  p.  5,  note  8.— ED. 


DUNMORE'S  ACCOUNT  ,371 

this  Colony;  nor,  with  regard  to  Grants,  has  any 
infringement  of  it  been  made,  or  Settlement  either  that 
the  power  of  this  Government  could  prevent. 

But  My  Lord  I  have  learnt  from  experience  that  the 
established  Authority  of  any  government  in  America, 
and  the  policy  of  Government  at  home,  are  both  insuf 
ficient  to  restrain  the  Americans ;  and  that  they  do  and 
will  remove  as  their  avidity  and  restlessness  incite 
them.  They  acquire  no  attachment  to  Place:  But 
wandering  about  Seems  engrafted  in  their  Nature; 
and  it  is  a  weakness  incident  to  it,  that  they  Should  for 
ever  immagine  the  Lands  further  off,  are  Still  better 
than  those  upon  which  they  are  already  Settled  But 
to  be  more  particular. 

I  have  had,  My  Lord,  frequent  opportunities  to  re 
flect  upon  the  emigrating  Spirit  of  the  Americans, 
Since  my  Arrival  to  this  Government.  There  are  con 
siderable  bodies  of  Inhabitants  Settled  at  greater  and 
less  distances  from  the  regular  frontiers  of,  I  believe, 
all  the  Colonies.  In  this  Colony  Proclamations  have 
been  published  from  time  to  time  to  restrain  them: 
But  impressed  from  their  earliest  infancy  with  Senti 
ments  and  habits,  very  different  from  those  acquired 
by  persons  of  a  Similar  condition  in  England,  they  do 
not  conceive  that  Government  has  any  right  to  forbid 
their  taking  possession  of  a  Vast  tract  of  Country, 
either  uninhabited,  or  which  Serves  only  as  a  Shelter 
to  a  few  Scattered  Tribes  of  Indians.  Nor  can  they 
be  easily  brought  to  entertain  any  belief  of  the  perma 
nent  obligation  of  Treaties  made  with  those  People, 
whom  they  consider,  as  but  little  removed  from  the 
brute  Creation.  These  notions,  My  Lord,  I  beg  it 
may  be  understood,  I  by  no  means  pretend  to  Justify. 


372  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

I  only  think  it  my  duty  to  State  matters  as  they  really 
are:  and  this  being  a  true  Account  of  them,  three 
Considerations  offer  themselves  for  His  Majesty's  Ap 
probation.  The  first  is,  to  Suffer  these  Emigrants  to 
hold  their  Lands  of,  and  incorporate  with  the  Indians ; 
the  dreadfull  Consequence  of  which  may  be  easely 
foreseen,  and  which  I  leave  to  your  Lordships  Judg 
ment.  The  Second,  is  to  permit  them  to  form  a  Set 
of  Democratical  Governments  of  their  own,  upon  the 
backs  of  the  old  Colonies ;  a  Scheme  which,  for  obvious 
reasons,  I  apprehend  cannot  be  allowed  to  be  carried 
into  execution.  The  last  is,  that  which  I  proposed  to 
your  Lordship,  to  receive  persons  in  their  Circum 
stances,  under  the  protection  of  Some  of  His  Majesty's 
Governments  already  established,  and,  in  giving  this 
advice,  I  had  no  thought  of  bringing  a  Dishonour  upon 
the  Crown.  On  the  contrary,  the  measure  appeared 
to  me  as  the  wisest,  and  Safest  that  could  be  entered 
into  under  the  Circumstances  above  mentioned. 
******** 

I  come  now  to  your  Lordships  letter  NO.  12.  A  cir 
cumstantial  account  of  the  Transactions,  which  occa 
sioned  such  distress  and  alarm  in  the  Back  Settlements, 
and  -which,  to  remove  the  concern  your  Lordship  may 
be  under  on  that  head,  I  think  proper  to  anticipate,  by 
acquainting  your  Lordship  that  I  have  been  able  to 
put  an  entire  Stop  to,  will  be  a  full  and  explicit  An 
swer  to  all  the  particulars  contained  in  your  Lord 
ships  letter  :93  And,  I  trust,  will  Satisfy  you,  that  the 


98  For  this  letter  of  Dartmouth  to  Dunmore,  consult  Penna. 
Archives,  iv,  pp.  577,  579,  in  which  are  reported  to  Dunmore 
the  accusations  of  the  Pennsylvania  authorities,  that  the  alarm 
of  the  back  settlements  was  occasioned  by  unprovoked  ill- 


DUNM ORE'S  ACCOUNT 

facts  there  asserted,  are  so  confounded  and  Misrepre 
sented,  as  to  manifest  only  the  malicious  intentions 
against  me,  or  the  Officeousness  and  disingenuity  & 
the  persons  employed  in  the  Channels,  through  which 
your  Lordship  has  received  the  Several  intelligences.  1 
The  last  quarrel  with  the  Indians,  as  far  as  the  Vir 
ginians  were  concerned  in  it,  took  its  rise  from,  orf 
rather  never  Subsided  after,  the  expedition  of  Mrj 
Bouquet.9*  In  the  Treaty  concluded  on  that  occasionA 
it  was  Stipulated  that  all  the  white  prisoners,  which  the\ 
Indians  had  carried  off,  should  be  restored ;  among  j 
which  were  a  great  many  young  Virginia  Women  and 
men,  and  negroes;  and  the  Indians,  notwithstanding 
the  treaty,  have  detained  them,  till  on  this  late  occasion 
they  were  compelled  to  give  them  up.95  This  has  been 
ever  Since/a  Source  of  uneasiness  in  this  Country ;  and 


treatment  of  the  Indians  on  the  part  of  the  Virginians;  that 
Connolly  had  re-established  the  fort  at  Pittsburg,  which  the 
king  had  ordered  demolished;  and  that  he  had  destroyed  the 
boats  used  for  communication  with  the  Illinois.  In  answering 
these  charges,  Dunmore  narrates  the  course  of  his  expedi 
tion. — ED. 

94  Dunmore    refers    to   the    expedition    of   Bouquet   to   the 
Muskingum  country   (1764),  when  he  marched  to  avenge  the 
massacres     of    Pontiac's    War.      See    Bouquet's    Expedition 
against    the    Ohio    Indians  (Cincinnati,    1868).     Gen.    Henry 
Bouquet  was  a  Swiss  officer  who  came  to  America  in   1/56, 
served   under    Forbes    (1758),    and    defeated    the    Indians    at 
Bushy  Run  in  1763.     The  next  year  he  made  a  peace  with  the 
natives,  near  the   Delaware  towns   on   the  Muskingum.     He 
died  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  in  1766. — ED. 

95  In  this   statement,   Dunmore  is    somewhat   disingenuous. 
The  Indians   did   restore  their  captives   at  Bouquet's   treaty 
(see  Bouquet's  Expedition,  pp.  75-81),  where  a  contemporary 
writer  gives  a  graphic  portrayal  of  the  surrender  of  the  white 
prisoners ;  nearly  three  hundred  persons  being  set  free.    A  few 
preferred  to  remain  with  their  captors,  and  a  number  of  fresh 
captives   had   been   taken   in   the   intervening   decade    (1764- 
74). -ED. 


374  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

it  has  been  aggravated  by  the  continual  depredations 
of  the  Indians,  and  some  Shocking  Murders  Com 
mitted  by  them  on  the  people  of  the  Frontiers.96  The 
very  year  after  this  Treaty  a  Man  was  killed  on  the 
Frontiers  by  the  Indians  ;97  The  year  after  that,  eight 
men  were  killed  upon  Cumberland  river;  Soon  after, 
one  Martin,  a  trader  from  this  Government,  was  killed 
with  two  other  men.  In  the  year  1771  a  Party  of  In 
dians  fell  upon  a  Hunting  Party  of  Virginians,  and 
carried  off  Nineteen  horses,  as  many  hundred  Deer 
Skins,  their  Arms  and  Cloaths  ;98  and  the  same  year 
the  Indians  killed  one  Thomas  Man  and  wounded  his 
brother.  The  next  year  they  killed  one  Adam  Stroud 
his  wife  and  Seven  Children.  The  last  year  they 
killed  one  Richards;99  and  the  I5th.  of  October  of  the 
same  year  they  killed  one  Russel,  a  very  promising 
young  man,  the  Son  of  a  Gentleman  of  Some  distinc- 


96  Dr.  Draper  estimates  that  the  number  of  both  races  slain 
in  the  interim  of  supposed  peace,  was  scarcely  less  than  the 
entire  number  who  perished  in  the  war  of  1774.  See  Draper 
MSS.,  3D,  chap,  xv—  ED. 

9TKercheval,  History  of  the  Valley  of  Virginia  (2nd  ed., 
1850),  pp.  90-96,  relates  several  encounters  of  the  whites  and 
Indians  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  during  1765-66. — ED. 

98  The  emigrants  killed  upon  Cumberland  were  a  peaceful 
party  removing  from  Virginia  to  Mississippi.  Governor  Fau- 
quier  remonstrated  with  the  Cherokee,  through  Stuart,  their 
Indian  agent,  who  replied  that  the  deed  was  in  retaliation  for 
the  unrequited  murder  of  some  of  their  people  in  the  settle 
ments  a  few  years  previous.  On  the  murder  of  Martin,  with 
his  companions  Guy  Meeks  and  Hartness,  see  Jacob,  Life  of 
Cresap,  p.  44:  and  Amer.  Pioneer,  i,  p.  312.  The  robbery  was 
that  of  the  "Long  Hunters,"  in  Kentucky.  See  Arthur  Camp 
bell's  letter  of  Oct.  6,  ante.— ED. 

"On  the  massacre  of  the  Stroud  family,  on  Elk  River,  see 
Withers's  Border  Warfare,  pp.  136,  137.  The  death  of  Rich 
ards  in  July,  1773,  is  reported  in  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series, 
i,  p.  1015.— ED. 


DUN  MORE' S  ACCOUNT  375 

tion  in  one  of  the  back  Counties/  together  with  four 
men  who  were  in  Company  with  him,  and  two  Negroes 
attending  him.  The  Father  of  the  Young  Man,  who 
was  out  at  the  same  time,  came  up  to  the  Ground, 
and  was  the  first  that  discovered  the  dismal  Spectacle 
of  the  dead  body  of  his  Son,  Mangled  in  a  horrid  man 
ner,  and  the  others  in  much  the  same  condition^^* 
In  hopes  of  preventing  the  effects,  which  w;Jre  Nat 
urally  to  be  dreaded  from  these  repeated  violences  of 
the  Indians;  and  being  furnished  with  depositions, 
which  fixed  this  last  Act  upon  certain  Indians,  I  wrote 
to  Mr.  Stuart  the  Indian  Agent  (as  appears  by  the 
Copy  of  a  letter  marked  with  NO.  i  to  which  I  referred 
your  Lordship  upon  an  other  occasion)  to  desire,  that 
he  would  use  his  endeavours  to  perswade  the  Indians 
to  give  up  the  offenders :  But  the  Indians  Shifted  the 
accusation  from  one  tribe  to  an  other;  that,  in  Short, 
the  application  had  no  effect.2 


killing  of  Henry  Russell  and  James  Boone  occurred 
Oct.  10,  1773.  See  ante,  p.  2,  note  I.  This  list  of  Indian 
depredations  is  similar  to  that  which  Dunmore  presented  to 
the  Indian  envoys  in  the  conference  at  Fort  Pitt.  See  Amer. 
Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  873. — ED. 

2Capt.  John  Stuart  is  thought  to  have  come  to  America 
with  the  Highlanders  under  Oglethorpe,  in  1733,  and  settled 
at  New  Inverness,  Ga.,  whence  he  marched  against  the  Span 
iards  on  the  southern  border,  in  1740.  In  1758  he  was  second 
in  command  at  Fort  Loudon,  being  one  of  the  three  saved 
from  massacre  after  the  capitulation,  by  the  intervention  of 
the  Cherokee  chief,  Little  Carpenter.  At  the  close  of  the 
French  and  Indian  War  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
Indians  for  the  southern  department,  and  in  1764  held  a  great 
treaty  with  them  at  Mobile,  securing  most  of  the  Southern 
tribes  to  the  British  interest.  In  1769  he  was  appointed  to  the 
king's  council  for  South  Carolina,  married,  and  occupied  a 
large  house  in  Charleston.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolu 
tion,  he  was  suspected  of  loyalist  sympathies,  and  as  early 
as  1775  retired  to  Florida,  where  he  was  employed  in  inciting 


376  DUN  MO  RE'S   WAR 

At  the  same  time.it  was  known,  that  messages  were 
interchangeably  Sending  between  all  the  Tribes  along 
the  Ohio,  the  Western,  and  Southern  Indians;  and 
many  indications  appeared  of  some  fatal  design,  which 
the  people  in  the  back  Country  could  not  but  apprehend 
was  meditated  against  them:  And  they  were  con 
firmed  in  their  fears  by  the  attacks,  Similar  to,  and 
much  at  the  same  time  as  those  experienced  here,  which 
were  made  by  some  of  the  Southern  Indians  on  the 
white  People  in  their  Neighbourhood. 

These  facts  and  apprehensions  occasioned  so  great 
an  allarm,  that  the  timorous,  and  those  that  had  fami 
lies,  began  to  leave  their  habitations,  by  which  they 
exposed  themselves  to  want  and  misery.  I  took  no 
tice,  in  my  letter  of  the  2d.  of  April  to  your  Lordship, 
of  the  fears  we  were  then  in  with  regard  to  this  mat 
ter. 

But  these  new  injuries  Stired  up  the  old  inveteracy 
of  those  who  are  called  the  back-woods-men,  who  are 
Hunters  like  the  Indians  and  equally  ungovernable; 
these  People  took  fire  all  along  the  Frontiers  quite  to 
Maryland,  and  Pensylvania,  and  formed  Parties, 
avowedly,  against  the  Indians,  which  the  efforts  of 
Magistrates  and  Government  could  not  in  the  least  re 
strain. 

It  happened  that,  soon  after  the  Murder  of  young 
Russel  and  his  party,  a  man  who  had  been  of  that 


the  Indians  against  the  rebellious  colonists.  His  efforts  being 
brought  to  naught  by  the  Cherokee  war  of  1776,  he  retired 
to  England,  where  he  died  in  1779.  Stuart's  application  to 
the  Cherokee  for  the  punishment  of  the  murderer  of  Boone 
and  Russell  was  effectual;  one  chief  was  put  to  death,  and 
another  escaped  to  the  Chickasaw.  See  Amer.  Archives,  4th 
series,  i,  p.  974. — ED. 


DUNM ORE'S  ACCOUNT 


377 


party,  and  the  only  one  who  had  escaped,  was  at  a  horse 
race  at  a  Place  upon  the  Frontiers,  and  that  two  In 
dian  Men  and  one  Woman  should  come  there  also. 
The  man  immediately  fell  upon  the  Indians  and  mur 
dered  one  of  them,  Notwithstanding  the  interposition 
of  all  the  other  People:  all  they  could  do  was  to 
Save  the  other  Indian  and  the  woman.  The  Magis 
trates  endeavoured  all  they  could  to  have  the  Murderer 
apprehended,  and  offered  a  reward  of  £50  as  I  did  also 
by  Proclamation  of  £100  but  both  have  been  fruitless.3 
This  however  was  the  first  Indian  blood  drawn  by 
our  People  Since  the  Treaty  of  Mr.  Bouquet.4  Nor 
was  this  followed  by  any  other  act  of  hostility  till  about 
the  27th.  of  last  March,  that  five  Indian  Cannoes,  con 
taining  fourteen  Indians,  going  down  the  Ohio,  were 
followed  by  one  Michael  Cressop,  a  Maryland  Trader, 
with  a  party  of  fifteen  Men,  and  a  Skirmish  ensued  in 
which  one  Indian  and  one  of  Cressops  people  were 
killed;  but  Sixteen  keggs  of  rum,  Some  Saddles  and 
bridles  were  taken  from  the  Indians.  About  the  26th. 
of  April  following,  two  Indians,  who  were  with  a  white 
man  in  a  Cannoe  on  the  river,  were  fired  upon  from 
the  Shore  and  killed.  This  likewise  is  attributed  to 
Cressop.5 


3  This   was   Isaac   Crabtree,   whose   conduct   illustrates   the 
darker  passions  of  border  life,  and  the  brutality  of  a  certain 
class  of  backwoodsmen.     See  Arthur  Campbell's  letters,  ante; 
and  Haywood,  Tennessee,  pp.  43,  44. — Ep. 

4  This    assertion    of    Lord    Dunmore    is    contrary    to  fact. 
Probably  nearly   or  quite   as  many  Indians   were    wantonly 
killed  by  the  whites,  as   the   latter  lost  of  their  own   race. 
Compare  N.   Y.  Colon.  Docs.,  vii,  pp.  746,  837,  852;  see  also 
the  massacre  of  the  Bull  Town  Indians  (1772)  in  Withers, 
Border  Warfare,  pp.  136-138. — ED. 

5  See  ante,  p.  8,  note  13.— ED. 


378  .     DUNMORE'S   WAR 

Soon  after  this,  an  affair  of  more  importance  hap- 
pned,  and  which  indeed  is  marked  with  an  extraor 
dinary  degree  of  Cruelty  and  Inhumanity.  A  party  of 
Indians,  with  their  women,  happening  to  encamp  on 
the  side  of  the  Ohio  opposite  to  the  house  of  one  Baker, 
who,  together  with  a  Man  of  the  name  of  Gratehouse, 
called  to,  and  invited  the  Indians  to  come  over  and 
drink  with  them;  two  men  and  as  many  women  came 
accordingly,  and  were,  at  first,  well  received,  but 
Baker  and  Gratehouse,  who  by  this  time  had  collected 
,  other  People,  contrived  to  entoxicate  the  Indians,  and 
they  then  Murdered  them.  Soon  after  two  more  came 
over  from  the  Indian  Party  in  search  of  their  Com 
panions'  and  these  met  with  the  same  fate.  The  re 
mainder  of  the  Indian  Party  growing  uneasy  at  not 
Seeing  their  friends  return,  five  of  them  got  into  a 
Cannoe  to  go  over  to  the  house,  but  they  were  soon 
fired  upon  by  Baker  and  Gratehouse,  and  two  of  the 
Indians  killed  and  the  other  three  wounded.6 

If  it  had  been  possible,  My  Lord,  to  convey  intelli 
gence  of  this  atrocious  Action  to  me  instantaneously, 
it  would  have  been  impossible  for  me  to  take  any  ef 
fectual  Step,  in  the  disposition  which  the  People  of  the 
Back-Country  were  then,  to  bring  these  Offenders  to 
Justice ;  But  I  do  assure  your  Lordship  that  the  paci 
fication,  which  I  have  since  effected,  has  not  made  me 
relax,  in  the  Smallest  degree,  my  diligence,  in*  finding 
ways  to  come  at  .them,  and  in  bringing  them  to  the 
*  Punishment  due  to  such  enormity :  and  I  have  the 
Satisfaction  to  acquaint  your  Lordship  that  I  have 


6  See  pp.  9-19,  ante,  for  other  accounts  of  this  affair. — ED. 


DUNMORE'S  ACCOUNT  379 

hopes  my  endevours  for  this  purpose  will  not  prove 
unsuccessfull. 

The  Indians,  however,  had  recently  repeated  their 
blows,  and  given  too  much  cause  for  these  People,  not 
much  less  Savage  then  themselves,  to  Justify  their 
^  Sanguinary  deeds.  They  had  in  the  beginning  of 
February  killed  Six  men  and  two  Negroes,  and, 
towards  the  end  of  the  same  Month,  a  Trading  Cannoe 
was  attacked,  the  Men  Murdered  and  the  Goods 
carried  to  the  Shawnese  Towns. 

While  these  matters  passed,  the  alarm  of  the  Coun- 
Ctry  Necessarily  increased  very  much;  and  I  received 
expresses  daily,  from  the  principal  People  of  the  Coun 
ties  exposed,  entreating  my  assistance  to  put  them  in  a 
State  of  defence,  and  to  provide  means   to  bring  the 
Indians  to  terms,  which,  all  our  accounts  informed  us, 
they  were  resolved  not  to  listen  to;     and  therefore  it 
was  thought  the  Shortest  and  most  effectual  way  to 
{  accomplish  this  purpose,  was  to  raise  a  body  of  men 
and   Send  them  directly   to  the    Shawnese   Country. 
When  the  Assembly  met  in  May,  I  applied  to  them  by 
a  message  (of  which  I  transmit  a  Copy  (No.  4))  to 
/  provide  for  this  Matter.     They  did  not  adopt  the  Plan 
proposed,  but  I  was  referred,  as  appears  by  their  ad- 
1  dress  on  this  occasion  which  I  transmit  (No.  5)  to  an 
VAct,    in    force,   against   Invasions   and   Insurrections, 
j  which  empowers  the  Governor  to  employ  the  Militia 
upon  those  emergencies.     Accordingly  I  ordered  the 
Militia  of  the  Frontier  Counties  to  be  imbodied ;  and 
the  respective  Commanding  Officers  of  them  to  take 
such  Steps  as  their  prudence  would  direct,  and  the  act 
of  Assembly  allow,   them    in  the   present   exigency: 


380  DUNMORE'S  WAR 

And  I  recommended  to  them  to  erect  Forts  in  the 
properest  places,  as  they  should  Judge,  for  the  neigh- 
bouring  People  to  retire  to,  and  defend  themselves,  in 
case  the  Indians  penetrated  into  the  Country.  I 
transmit  a  Copy  of  the  Circular  orders  which  I  sent  on 
this  occasion  (No.  6).7 

I  formerly  gave  your  Lordship  an  Account,  in  my 
letter  NO.  12,  that  one  of  the  reasons  which  occasioned 
the  People  Settled  about  Pittsburg,  to  apply  to  the  pro 
tection  of  this  Government,  was  that  they  might  have 
some  lawfull  Militia  establishment,  to  defend  them  in 
case  of  an  attack  from  the  Indians ;  and  that  in  conse 
quence  of  this  application  I  had,  with  the  advice  of 
Council,  regularly  appointed  a  Militia  and  Officers  to 
command  it,  which  became  part  of  the  Militia  of  the 
County  of  Augusta. 

This  part  of  the  Country,  by  its  vicinity  to  Some  of, 
and  intercourse  with  all,  the  Tribes  of  the  Ohio  In 
dians,  was  particularly  affected  by  these  disturbances. 
Vast  numbers  of  the  Settlers  fled.  And  therefore 
when  the  other  Militia  of  the  Counties  were  ordered  to 
assemble,  orders  were  Sent  to  Captain  Conolly,  who 
was  the  Principal  Officer  of  Militia  in  this  district,  to 
the  same  effect ;  and  a  Fort  at  this  place  was  Judged 
particularly  requisite,  as  there  is  a  Settlement  of  In 
dians  Seperated  from  it  only  by  the  river:  And  this 
Fort,  which  they  call  Fort  Dunmore,  had  the  effect, 
upon  this  occasion,  of  keeping  the  Neighbouring  In 
dians  in  awe,  for  which  one  had  been  maintained  there 
so  long  at  the  Kings  expense;  and  was  the  means,  to 
gether  with  the  great  pains  taken,  and  prudence 


7  Circular  letter  of  June  10,  ante. — ED. 


DUNMORE'S  ACCOUNT  381 

observed  by  Mr.  Conolly  in  Conferring  with  these  In 
dians,  by  which  they  were  kept  in  our  interest,  and 
prevailed  upon  to  carry  Messages  to,  and  bring  intel 
ligence  of,  the  Shawanese  and  other  Tribes  by  whose 
incursions  the  Country  had  so  greatly  Suffered.  Sev 
eral  accidents  happned,  indeed,  at  this  place.  One  of 
these  friendly  Indians  whom  Mr.  Conolly  had  taken 
with  him  to  reconnoiter  the  Country,  upon  a  report 
of  a  Party  of  Shawanese  approaching,  was  fired  upon, 
in  his  return  home  after  he  had  left  Mr.  Conolly,  by 
one  of  the  Militia  Men;  but  this  man  was  immedi 
ately  confined,  and  a  Message  was  Sent  to  the  Indian 
Village  to  assure  them  he  Should  be  punished.  The 
Traders,  who  happned  to  be  in  the  Indian  Towns  at 
the  time  of  these  transactions,  and  for  Some  time  Con 
fined  there,  were  released  and  Sent  with  an  escort  to 
Pittsburg;  and  this  escort,  in  their  return  home, 
were  fired  upon  by  a  number  of  white  men,  and  one  of 
them  wounded,  as  it  was  reported,  though  it  was  never 
known  what  persons  or  whose  party  committed  this 
breach  of  faith,  or,  for  certain,  that  it  ever  was  com 
mitted.8  Some  time  after  a  Party  of  the  Delawar 
Neighbouring  Indians  came  to  Pittsburg  to  trade,  and 
were  fired  upon,  by  which  two  of  them  were  killed; 
but  the  Perpetrators  of  this  perfideous  act  were  never 
discovered,  Though  a  reward  of  £50  was  offered  by 
the  Commanding  Officer  at  the  desire  of  the  Inhabi 
tants,  as  was  also  a  reward  of  £100  by  me  upon  my  Ar- 


8  See  Penna.  Archives,  iv,  p.  530,  for  different  report  of  this 
affair.  The  Moravian  missionaries  relate  this  occurrence,  and 
the  fact  that  the  wounded  man  later  recovered.  See  Heck- 
welder,  Indian  Nations  (Phila.,  1819),  p.  223;  and  Narrative 
of  Mission  of  United  Brethren  (Phila.,  1820),  p.  132. — ED. 


382  DUN  MORE' S    WAR 

rival  there,  which  happned  to  be  immediately  after,, 
and  in  time  to  Condole  with  the  Indians  and  make  them 
Sensible,  that  no  pains  Should  be  neglected  to  find  out, 
and  bring  to  exemplary  punishment  the  guilty  per 
sons,  which  intirely  appeased  them :  And  I  can  assure 
your  Lordship  that,  upon  the  Strictest  enquiry  which  I 
could  make,  no  one  of  these  facts  were  attributed  either 
to  the  design  or  even  negligence  of  Mr.  Conolly  (in 
deed  he  was  above  a  hundred  Miles  from  the  place 
when  the  last  was  Committed)  on  the  contrary,  the 
People  of  the  Country  firmly  believe,  that  those  twa 
Delawar  Indians  had  been  killed  treacherously  by 
Some  of  the  Pensylvanians,  in  order  to  destroy  the 
good  understanding,  which  Subsisted  between  the  Vir 
ginians  and  those  Indians:  but  which  however,  this 
affair,  by  the  care  which  was  observed,  did  not  effect. 

In  the  mean  time  the  ravage  of  the  Indians,  where 
ever  they  could  carry  it,  was  dread  full : — one  Shawa- 
nese  returned  to  his  Town  with  the  Scalps  of  forty 
men  Women  and  Children  whom  he  had  killed.  On 
the  other  hand  a  Party  went  out,  with  my  permission, 
and  destroyed  one  of  the  Shawanese  Towns,  and 
meeting  a  Small  Party  of  Indians,  they  killed  Six  or 
Seven  of  them,  but  this  produced  no  Change  in  the 
designs  of  these  People.9 

The  real  concern,  principally,  which  the  Continua 
tion  of  these  Miseries  gave  me,  and,  partly,  the  Ac 
counts  Sent  by  the  Officers  of  the  Militia,  of  the  Mu 
tinous  and  ungovernable  Spirit  of  their  men,  whom 
they  could  by  no  means  bring  to  any  order  or  dissi- 


9  This  refers  to  McDonald's  expedition,  for  which  see  pp. 
151-156,  ante. — ED. 


DUNMORE'S  ACCOUNT  383. 

pline  or  even  to  Submit  to  command,  determined  me 
to  go  up  into  that  part  of  the  Country,  and  to  exert 
my  own  immediate  endeavours  on  this  important  occa 
sion.  Accordingly,  as  Soon  as  the  business  of  the 
Oyer  and  Terminer  Court  in  June  permitted  me,  I 
sett  out  for  Pittsburg  where  I  arrived  as  has  been 
already  related.  No  time  was  lost  in  assembling  The 
Delawar,  Six  Nations,  and  all  the  other  Tribes  that 
could  be  got  at,  or  diligence  neglected  in  Conferring 
with  them  on  the  Subject  of  the  desolating  Conse 
quences  of  Such  enterprises  as  were  Carrying  on  be 
tween  the  Shawense  and  their  abettors,  and  our  peo 
ple;  (I  transmitt  to  your  Lordship  an  Account  of  the 
Conferences  held  on  this  occasion  in  a  printed  Copy 
(No.  7))10  I  found  all  those  Nations  not  only  dis 
posed  to  peace,  but  attached  to  our  Cause,  and  they 
promised  me,  as  your  Lordship  will  perceive,  that  they 
would  go  down  to  the  Shawanese  (who  with  one  or 
two  less  considerable  Tribes  only  were  concerned  in 
the  depredations  that  had  been  Committed)  and,  if  I 
would  appoint  a  time  and  place,  bring  them  to  Speak 
with  me,  and  use  their  influence  to  incline  them  to 
Peace.  I  determined  therefore  to  go  down  the  Ohio; 
but  I  thought  it  Prudent  to  take  a  Force  which  might 
effect  our  purpose  if  our  Negotiation  failed :  And  I 
collected  from  the  Militia  of  the  Neighbouring  Coun 
ties  about  twelve  hundred  Men,  to  take  with  me, 
Sending  orders  to  a  Colonel  Lewis  to  March  with  as 
many  more,  of  the  Militia  of  the  Southern  Counties, 
across  the  Country  to  Join  me  at  the  Mouth  of  the 


10  For  the  report  of  these  negotiations  see  Amer.  Archives, 
4th  series,  i,  pp.  871-876. — ED. 


384  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

little  Kanhaway,  the  Place  I  appointed  to  meet  the 
Indians  at. 

I  passed  down  the  river  with  this  body  of  Men,  and 
arrived  at  the  appointed  place  at  the  Stated  time. 
The  day  after  Some  of  our  friends  the  Delawars 
arrived  according  to  their  promise;  but  they  brought 
us  the  disagreeable  information,  that  the  Shawanese 
would  listen  to  no  terms,  and  were  resolved  to  prose 
cute  their  designs  against  the  People  of  Virginia. 

The  Delawars,  Notwithstanding;,  remained  Steady 
in  their  attachment;  and  their  Chief,  named  Captain 
White  Eyes,  offered  me  the  assistance  of  himself  and 
whole  tribe;  but  apprehending  evil  effects  from  the 
Jealousy  of,  and  natural  dislike  in  our  People  to,  all 
Indians,  I  accepted  only  of  him  and  two  or  three: 
And  I  received  great  Service  from  the  faithfullness, 
the  firmness  and  remarkable  good  understanding  of 
White  Eyes. 

Colonel  Lewis  not  Joining  me,  and  being  unwilling 
to  encrease  the  expence  of  the  Country  by  delay,  and, 
from  the  accounts  we  had  of  the  Numbers  of  the 
Indians,  Judging  the  Force  I  had  with  me  Sufficient 
to  defeat  them  and  destroy  their  Towns,  in  case  they 
Should  refuse  the  offers  of  Peace;  and  after  Sending 
orders  to  Colonel  Lewis,  to  follow  me  to  a  Place  I 
appointed  near  the  Indian  Settlements,  I  crossed  the 
Ohio  and  proceeded  to  the  Shawanese  Towns ;  in 
which  March,  one  of  our  detached  Parties  encountered 
an  other  of  Indians  laying  in  Ambush,  of  whom  they 
killed  Six  or  eight  and  took  Sixteen  Prisoners. 

When  we  came  up  to  the  Towns  we  found  them  de 
serted,  and  that  the  main  body  of  the  Indians,  to  the 


DUN  MORE' S  ACCOUNT  385 

amount  of  near  five  hundred,  had  Some  time  before 
gone  off  towards  the  Ohio;  and  we  Soon  learnt  that 
they  had  Crossed  that  river,  near  the  Mouth  of  the 
great  Kanhaway,  with  the  design  of  attacking  the 
Corps  under  Colonel  Lewis.  In  effect  this  Body,  in 
their  route  to  Join  me,  was  encamped  within  a  Mile 
of  the  Conflux  of  these  two  rivers,  and  near  the  place 
where  the  Indians  Crossed,  who  were  discovered  by 
two  men,  one  of  which  they  killed,  of  Colonel  Lewis's 
Corps  at  break  of  Day  the  loth,  of  October.  Colonel 
Lewis,  upon  receiving  intelligence  of  their  being  ad 
vanced  to  within  half  a  Mile  of  his  Camp,  ordered  out 
three  hundred  men  in  two  divisions,  who  upon  their  ap 
proach  were  immediately  attacked  by  the  Indians,  and 
a  very  warm  engagment  ensued;  Colonel  Lewis 
found  it  Necessary  to  reinforce  the  divisions  first  Sent 
out,  which  (without  the  main  Body  of  his  Corps  hav 
ing  engaged)  obliged  the  Indians  to  retreat,  after  an 
Action  which  lasted  till  about  one  O'clock  after  noon, 
and  little  Skermishing  till  Night,  under  the  favour  of 
which  the  Indians  repassed  the  river  and  escaped. 
Colonel  Lewis  lost  on  his  side  his  Brother  and  two 
other  Colonels  of  Militia,  men  of  Character  and  Some 
Condition  in  their  Counties,  and  forty  Six  Men  killed, 
and  about  eighty  wounded.  The  loss  of  the  Indians 
by  their  Accounts  amounted  to  about  thirty  killed  and 
some  wounded. 

The  event  of  this  Action,  proving  very  different 
from  what  the  Indians  had  promised  themselves,  they 
at  once  resolved  to  make  no  further  efforts  against  a 
Power  they  saw  so  far  Superior  to  theirs ;  but  deter 
mined  to  throw  themselves  upon  our  Mercy:  And, 
25 


386  DUNM ORE'S   WAR 

with  the  greatest  expedition,  they  came  in  Search  of 
the  body  with  which  they  knew  I  marched,  and  found 
me  near  their  own  Towns  the  Day  after  I  got  there. 

They  presently  made  known  their  intentions,  and  I 
admitted  them  immedeately  to  a  Conference,  wherein 
all  our  differences  were  Settled.  The  terms  of  our 
reconciliation  were,  briefly,  that  the  Indians  should 
deliver  up  all  prisoners  without  reserve;  that  they 
should  restore  all  horses  and  other  valuable  effects 
which  they  had  carried  off;  that  they  Should  not 
hunt  on  our  Side  the  Ohio,  nor  molest  any  Boats  pass 
ing  thereupon;  That  they  Should  promise  to  agree 
to  such  regulations,  for  their  trade  with  our  People, 
as  Should  be  hereafter  dictated  by  the  Kings  Instruc 
tions,  and  that  they  Should  deliver  into  our  hands 
certain  Hostages,  to  be  kept  by  us  untill  we  were  con 
vinced  of  their  Sincere  intention  to  adhere  to  all  these 
Articles.  The  Indians,  finding,  contrary  to  their  ex 
pectation,  no  punishment  likely  to  follow,  agreed  to 
everything  with  the  greatest  alacrity,  and  gave  the 
most  Solemn  assurances  of  their  quiet  and  peacable 
deportment  for  the  future :  and  in  return  I  have  given 
them  every  promise  of  protection  and  good  treatment 
on  our  Side. 

Thus  this  affair,  which  undoubtedly  was  attended  . 
with  circumstances  of  Shocking  inhumanity,  may  be 
the  means  of  producing  happy  effects ;  for  it  has  im 
pressed  an  Idea  of  the  power  of  the  White  People, 
upon  the  minds  of  the  Indians,  which  they  did  not  be 
fore  entertain ;  and,  there  is  reason  to  believe,  it  has 
extinguished  the  rancour  which  raged  so  violently  in 
our  People  against  the  Indians:  and  I  think  there  is 


DUN  MORE' S  ACCOUNT  387 

a  greater  probability  that  these  Scenes  of  distress  will 
never  be  renewed,  than  ever  was  before. 

I  have  given  your  Lordship  a  faithfull  relation  of 
this  Matter  from  beginning  to  end,  and  cannot  help 
conceiving  hopes  that  it  will  deserve  to  be  Seen  in  a 
different  view,  than  that  in  which  Mr.  Penns  asser 
tion,  and  other  intelligence  have  endeavoured,  I  fear 
with  too  much  Success,  to  place  it.  But  I  must  beg 
leave  to  remark  with  respect  to  the  first,  that  I  am 
possessed  of  the  Message  returned  from  the  Assembly 
to  Mr.  Penn  (a  Copy  of  which  I  transmitt  (No.  8)) 
whereby  it  appears  that  they  acknowledged,  Not 
withstanding  the  Governors  assertion,  Some  people  of 
that  Government  had  contributed,  likewise,  to  the 
distress  and  alarm  of  the  Back  Settlements,  for  the 
Assembly,  in  their  Message  offers  a  reward  for  ap 
prehending  two  Men  (Hinkson  and  Cooper)  for 
Murdering  an  Indian  within  the  bounds  of  their 
Province.11  And  it  is  manifest,  then,  from  every  cir- 


11  St.  Clair  notified  the  Pennsylvania  government  of  this 
murder,  on  May  29  (Penna.  Archives,  iv,  pp.  503,  504,  520, 
524).  The  proclamation  for  the  arrest  of  Hinkson  and  Cooper 
was  issued  July  28  (Penna.  Col.  Recs.,  x,  p.  199).  The  gover 
nor  also  sent  a  message  of  condolence  to  the  Delaware  tribe 
(Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  676).  The  affair  caused 
much  stir  in  southwestern  Pennsylvania,  as  the  perpetrators 
of  the  deed  were  well-known  settlers.  If  tradition  is  to  be 
believed,  Hinkson  was  in  Lord  Dunmore's  army  at  the  head 
of  a  body  of  rangers  (Draper  MSS.,  38  book  i,  51).  The 
son  of  Hinkson  told  Dr.  Draper  that  the  killing  was  in  self- 
defence,  that  Wipey  had  a  grudge  against  his  father,  and 
threatened  to  kill  him ;  whereupon  Hinkson  took  the  initiative, 
and  waylaid  the  Indian  upon  the  highway. 

Maj.  John  Hinkson  (also  Hinkston)  was  born  of  Irish 
parentage,  in  the  province  of  Pennsylvania.  He  removed 
West  early  in  life,  and  became  noted  as  a  scout  and  woods 
man.  In  1775  he  led  into  Kentucky  a  company  of  settlers, 


388  DUNMORE'S    WAR 

cumstance,  My  Lord,  that  the  Proprietary  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania  hath  Sullied  the  dignity  and  Solemn 
ity,  which  belongs  to  Such  an  Act  as  Communicateing 
the  business  of  the  Publick  to  their  representatives, 
by  making  it  the  conveyance  of  falshood  and  imposi 
tion,  which  tended  only  to  create  dessentions  between 
the  people  of  his  Government  and  their  Neighbours 
of  Virginia,  and  to  keep  up  the  aversion  in  the  Indians 
towards  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Colony.12 

In  regard  to  the  Fort  of  Pittsburg,  this,  your  Lord 
ship  has  Seen  in  my  relation,  was  done  by  my  order: 
but  if  it  be  seen  as  it  really  was,  in  the  light  of  a  tem 
porary  work  for  the  defence  of  a  Country,  and  its 
terrified  Inhabitants  in  a  time  of  imminent  danger, 
I  presume  it  will  appear  very  different  from  reestab 
lishing  a  Fort  which  had  been  demolished  by  the 
Kings  express  orders,  as  if  this  Act  of  mine  had  been 
contrary  to  or  in  disregard  of  His  Majesty's  orders: 
And  My  Lord,  I  fear,  that  it  must  be  owing  to  the 
unfavourable  opinion  which  your  Lordship  conceives 
of  my  Administration,  that  it  did  not  readily  occur  to 


who  erected  a  station  on  Hinkson's  Fork  of  Licking,  not  far 
from  Paris,  in  Bourbon  County.  In  July,  1776,  they  aban 
doned  the  settlement  through  fear  of  Indian  ravages,  and  re 
turned  east  by  way  of  Boonesborough.  Hinkson  brought  out 
his  family  in  the  summer  of  1780,  and  had  but  just  arrived  at 
his  old  station — then  called  Ruddell's — when  it  capitulated 
to  Col.  Henry  Bird,  heading  a  force  of  Canadians  and  In 
dians.  Hinkson  made  his  escape  on  the  third  day.  He  be 
came  a  prominent  pioneer  of  Bourbon  County,  being  chosen 
major  of  militia  in  1786,  and  sheriff  in  1788.  He  went  out 
on  two  Indian  campaigns  (1786-87),  and  died  at  New  Madrid 
in  1789.  See  Draper  MSS.,  28,  book  7,  pp.  10-13.— ED. 

12  Referring  to  the  message  of  the  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  house  of  representatives,  July  18,  1774.  See 
Penna.  Archives,  iv,  p.  577.— ED. 


DUNMORES  ACCOUNT  389 

your  Lordship,  that  the  distress  and  alarm,  of  which 
you  were  apprised  at  the  Same  time,  however  they 
were  occasioned,  required  that  Step,  and  accounted 
for  it. 

As  to  the  information  you  have  received  about  the 
boats,  I  never  heard  of  any  destroyed  by  Mr.  Conolly 
or  used  by  any  body,  or  even  that  there  were  any  cap 
able  of  being  used  or  destroyed;  but  I  recollect  to 
have  Seen  two  or  three  boats  which  were  said  to  be 
the  Kings  lying  exposed  on  the  side  of  the  river,  every 
plank  entirely  rotten  and  become  quite  useless :  And 
if  any  have  been  destroyed  therefore,  it  must  have 
been  thro'  the  Negligence  of  the  Persons  who  had  the 
charge  of  them,  and  who  have  thought  this  a  conven 
ient,  though  a  most  dishonest,  way  of  accounting  for 
them. 

The  Assertion  of  the  Proprietary  Governor,  and 
the  intelligence,  which  your  Lordship  informs  me, 
you  have  received  thro'  a  variety  of  other  Channals; 
all  Spring  from  the  same  Source :  from  the  Malevol 
ence  which  that  Gentleman  thinks  he  has  cause  to 
manifest  towards  me.  As  it  may,  possibly,  be  some 
prejudice  to  him,  he  is  highly  offended  at  the  part  I 
have  taken,  in  putting  a  Stop  to  his  encroachments 
upon  the  Kings  Rights. 

Instead  of  manifesting  any  disposition  to  reconcile 
the  different  opinions,  respecting  the  disputed  boun 
dary  between  this  Colony  and  his  Province,  his  mode 
of  proceeding  was,  with  no  little  confidence,  to  exact 
a  full  complyance  with  his  demands  of  this  Govern 
ment,  or  we  were  to  Suffer  the  Consequences,  declared 
in  a  Proclamation ;  which  indeed  were  terrifying 


390 


DUNMORE'S   WAR 


enough;  and  which  I  transmit  (No.  9)  for  your 
Lordships  perusal,  and  mention  here,  as  I  conceive  it 
Justifies  the  Proclamation,  which  His  Majesty's  Coun 
cil  of  this  Colony  thought  it  right  to  advise  me  to 
issue  on  that  occasion,  in  order  to  prevent  the  Magis 
trates  upon  the  Frontiers  of  this  Colony  from  being 
entimidated  by  that  of  Mr.  Penn,  and  which  Proclama 
tion  your  Lordship  in  your  letter  NO.  10  takes  notice 
of.13  Upon  receiving  the  orders  contained  in  your 
Lordships  letter  of  ist.  of  June  I  issued  the  Proclama 
tion  herewith  inclosed  (No.  io)14  Mr.  Penn  thought 
proper,  in  defyance  of  His  Majesty's  orders,  to  pub 
lish  the  Counter-Proclamation  herewith  inclosed  (No. 
n)15  and  every  Act  of  mine,  on  this  occasion,  gives 
fresh  offence,  which  has  been  the  means  of  occasion 
ing  every  Species  of  Calumny  to  be  reported  about 
me;  and  from  both  the  letters  NO.  13  and  NO.  12 
which  I  have  received  from  your  Lordship,  I  cannot 
but  fear  that  it  has  gained  admittance  (where  only.  I 
could  not  be  indifferent  about  it)  to  His  Majesty  and 
your  Lordship. 

It  is  an  easy  matter  to  make  people  believe  that 
Duty  to  His  Majesty,  and  Zeal  for  his  Service  and 
interest,  could  not  have  been  my  real  motive  for  in 
terfering  in  this  affair;  but  that  it  proceeded  from 

views  of    emolument    to    myself.     The    PhWklphia 

^(| 

13  Governor  Perm's  first  proclamation  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  preserved.  Dunmore's  reply,  under  date  of  April 
25,  1774,  is  in  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  283. — ED. 

14 Found  in  Amer.  Archives,  4th  series,  i,  p.  790;  issued  at 
Fort  Dunmore  under  date  of  Sept.  17. — ED. 

18 Ibid,  p.  856;  also  in  Penna.  Archives,  iv,  p.  580;  dated 
Oct.  12.— ED. 


DUN  MORES 

Papers,  and  I  dare  Say  other  means,  have  been  used 
to  make  it  believed,  that  I  acted  only  in  conjunction 
with  a  parcel  of  Land  Jobbers,  and  not  by  the  advice 
of  His  Majestys  Council  or  by  any  good  Authority; 
the  Natural  inference  to  be  drawn  being,  that  by  such 
means  I  am  procuring  Grants  of  land :  The  Indian 
disturbances  have  been  also  wonderfully  aiding  to  Mr. 
Penn's  purpose,  and  he  has  not  neglected  them. 

The  trade  carried  on  with  the  Ohio  Indians  has  been 
almost  engrossed  by  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania, 
which  they  have  draw[n]  to  themselves,  artfully 
enough,  but  with  what  degree  of  propriety  or  right  I 
must  leave  to  your  Lordships  Judgment,  by  repeated 
treaties  held  of  their  own  Authority,  and  at  such  times 
and  for  such  purposes  as  they  think  fit.  The  Traders 
in  General  are  composed  of  the  most  worthless  Sub 
jects,  such  as  fail  in  all  other  occupations,  and  become 
in  a  manner  outcasts  of  Society.  These  Men,  we  have 
full  proof,  have  made  it  their  constant  business  to  dis 
credit  the  Virginians  (who  lye  much  more  convenient 
for  carrying  on  a  Trade  with  these  Indians  than  the 
Pennsylvanians)  and  make  the  Indians  consider  them 
in  the  most  odious  light.  We  know  that  these  Men 
have  bought  the  Plunder,  which  the  Indians  carried 
off  in  their  incursions. — If  the  Indians  took  Skins, 
they  could  Sell  them  cheaper  than  those  they  got  them 
selves  by  hunting,  and  at  the  expence  of  Gun  Pow 
der; — if  horses,  they  knew  nothing  of  their  value, 
and  anything  would  purchase  them. — It  was  a  lucra 
tive  trade  to  these  People,  and  the  means  of  it,  which 
were  the  disturbances  between  the  Indians  and  the 
Virginians,  were  encouraged  by  them. 


392  DVNMORE'S   WAR 

It  is  from  these  Wretches,  and  People  principally 
concerned  in  the  dispute  about  the  boundary,  that  Mr. 
Penn  takes  the  information,  upon  the  ground  of  which 
he  has  not  hesitated  to  Cast,  in  a  declaration  to  his 
Assembly,  an  injurious  reflection  upon  the  Justice  and 
Government  of  Virginia :  And  that  your  Lordship 
may  know  what  Sort  of  men  Mr.  Penns  friends  in  the 
part  of  the  Country  about  Pittsburg  are,  I  have  had 
affidavits  offered  to  be  made,  by  men  well  credited  and 
well  known,  that  Several  of  Mr.  Penns  Magistrates 
in  that  part  of  the  Country  had  declared  they  would 
take  my  life  if  they  could  ever  get  at  me  privately. 
One  St.  Clair16  the  Clerk  of  the  County  in  Pennsyl 
vania  adjoining  Pittsburg  whose  emoluments,  by  the 
great  dimenution  of  the  County  and  Number  of  In 
habitants,  occasioned  by  the  Authority  of  this  Col 
ony's  being  extended  there,  are  diminished  in 
proportion;  and  who  was  the  man  that  committed 
Mr.  Conolly  for  exercising  his  functions  as  a  Magis 
trate  under  this  Government  in  that  district,  and  the 
promoter  of  all  the  disturbance  which  has  happned 
between  the  two  Colonies;  This  Man,  I  am  well  in 
formed,  is  fond  of  publishing  that  he  has  taken  care, 
that  a  representation  of  all  affairs  in  that  Country 
Should  be  carried  to  His  Majesty's  Ministers.  He 
was  formerly  in  the  Army  and  an  Acquaintance  of 


16  Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair,  born  in  Scotland,  came  to  America 
in  1757,  as  an  officer  in  the  Royal  Americans,  and  resigned  in 
1762  to  settle  in  Ligonier  Valley.  In  1776,  he  embraced  the 
American  cause,  was  made  a  general,  and  served  throughout 
the  Revolution.  Appointed  governor  of  Northwest  Territory 
(1789),  he  suffered  a  disastrous  defeat  therein  from  the  allied 
Indian  tribes,  in  the  autumn  of  1791.  In  1802,  he  retired  to 
Pennsylvania  where  he  died  in  1818. — ED. 


DUNM ORE'S  ACCOUNT 


393 


General  Haldemand,17  with  whom  I  know  he  has  cor- 
risponded  on  this  occasion;  and  it  is  not  therefore 
with  better  information  than  Mr.  Penn's,  though  I 
cannot  Suppose  his  motive  as  bad,  that  Mr.  Haldemand 
has  ventured  to  transmit  to  your  Lordship  intelligence, 
which  with  respect  to  Cressop,  he  owns  he  has  not  had 
from  any  proper  Authority,  and  of  which,  I  make  no 
doubt,  he  will  be  ashamed,  when  he  finds  out  that 
there  is  no  Colonel  Cressop  except  an  old  Man  of 
Ninety  years  of  age,  and  who  is,  and  allways  was,  an 
Inhabitant  of  Maryland :  And  if  the  General  means 
the  Cressop  whose  name  has  been  mentioned  by  me, 
in  my  relation  of  the  Indian  occurencies,  he  likewise 
is  a  Marylander,  and  never  was  an  Inhabitant  of  Vir 
ginia.18 

It  is  true  the  mistake  in  this  case  does  not  contra 
dict  the  fact  alluded  to,  or,  in  the  least,  lessen  the 
iniquity  of  it;  but  the  inaccuracy  in  this,  as  well  as 
the  unfairness  in  the  other  piece  of  intelligence,  rela 
tive  to  the  building  of  Forts  and  destroying  of  boats, 
give  room  to  Suspect,  that,  in  the  latter,  the  good  of 
the  Service,  and,  in  the  former,  the  interest  of  hu- 


17  Gen.  Frederick  Haldimand,  a  Swiss  officer,  came  to  Amer 
ica  with  the  British  forces,  in   1756.     He  and  St.  Clair  had 
seen  common  service  in  Canada  under  General  Amherst.    At 
this  time,  Haldimand  was  commander-in-chief  of  the  Amer 
ican  army,  with  a  station  at  New  York.     Withdrawn  in  1775, 
he  returned  to  this  continent  three  years  later,  as  governor- 
general  of  Canada,  an  office  which  he  held  for  six  years.     He 
died  in  Switzerland,  in.  1791.     See  Mcllwreath,  "Sir  Frederick 
Haldimand,"  in  Makers  of  Canada  (Toronto,  1904). — ED. 

18  Col.  Thomas  Cresap,  well-known  in  border  history,  lived 
at  Oldtown,  Maryland;  see  ante.     For  Capt.  Michael  Cresap, 
his  son,  see  ante,  p.  12,  note  22.    Dunmore  fails  to  report  that 
he  had  given  the  latter  a  commission  in  the  Virginia  mili 
tia.— ED. 


394 


DUNMORE'S   WAR 


manity  were  not  the  only  reasons,  which  induced  the 
reporter  of  them,  to  lay  them  before  your  Lordship. 
For,  if  he  was  actuated  by  nothing  but  those  honour 
able  and  Meritorious  Motives,  he  would  first  have 
intimated  these  matters  to  me,  who  alone  had  the  im 
mediate  power  of  remedy  in  my  hands,  and,  not,  unless 
lie  found  I  neglected  his  Monition,  taken  the  round 
about  way  of  Sending  them  first  to  your  Lordship: 
And  therefore  they  must  have  been  Communicated 
with  an  intention,  that,  in  passing  thro'  your  Lord 
ships  hands,  they  might  leave  an  unfavourable  im 
pression  on  your  mind  of  my  attention  to  the  principal 
concerns  of  the  Government  Committed  to  my  care. 
I  transmit  to  your  Lordship  the  Copy  of  a  letter  (No. 
12)  which  I  have  thought  necessary  to  write  to  Gen 
eral  Haldiman  on  this  Subject.19 

The  desire  of  not  leaving  anything  unexplained, 
and  of  not  omitting  anything  which  is  not  my  duty  to 
represent,  in  Affairs  which  must  necessarily  be  inter 
esting  to  His  Majesty,  has  occasioned  me  to  be  very 
minute;  and  my  anxiety  for  the  removal  of  the  evil 
opinion,  which  your  Lordships  letters  NO.  13  and  NO. 
12  Carries  Such  Strong  Marks  of,  has  led  me,  un 
avoidably,  to  add  so  much  to  the  length  of  my  Answer 
to  the  Contents  of  those  particular  letters,  that  I  can 
hardly  hope  your  Lordship  will  bestow  a  patient  Con 
sideration  on  the  Contents  of  this. 


19  See  calendar  of  "Haldimand  Papers,"  in  Canadian  Ar 
chives,  1885,  p.  226.  The  letter  was  dated  Williamsburg, 
Dec.  24,  1774,  "remonstrating  in  sharp  terms  on  General  Haldi- 
mand  having  sent  to  Lord  Dartmouth  reports  of  outrages  on 
Indians  in  Virginia,  without  having  communicated  with  him 
(Dunmore) ." — ED. 


DUNMORE'S  ACCOUNT  395 

I  inclose  to  your  Lordship  trie  Address  (Numbers 
13,  14  &  15)  of  the  Council  of  this  Colony,  the  City 
of  Williamsburg  and  the  College,  on  my  return  from 
the  expedition  against  the  Indians,20  which  I  hope  will 
be  admitted  as  no  Small  evidence,  both  to  destroy  the 
Assertion  of  Mr.  Penn,  and  to  Convince  His  Majesty 
and  your  Lordship  that  I  have  not  been  careless  of  the 
lives  of  Indians,  although  I  exerted  some  vigourous 
Measures  to  put  an  end  to  their  disputes  with  his  Ma 
jesty's  Subjects;  or  Negligent  in  any  respect  of  my 
Duty.21 

******** 

I  am,  My  Lord,  Your  Lordships  Most  Obedient 
humble  Servant 

DUN  MORE 


ACCOUNTS  TO  BE  SETTLED 

[Maj.  Angus  McDonald  to  Capt.  William  Harrod.    4NN22.] 

WINCHESTER  8th.  Jany  1775 

DEAR  CAPTAIN — I  am  Just  Returned  from  will- 
iamsburgh.  The  news  is  that  all  the  Country  is  well 
pleased  with  the  Governors  Expedition  and  you  may 
Depend  we  shall  be  will  paid  if  the  Govn.  and  assem 
bly  Dont  Differ  at  meeting:  2d.  Day  of  Feby  is  the 
Day  to  meet  but  I  am  afraid  they  will  not  agree  if  that 
Should  be  the  Case  we  shall  not  be  paid  this  2  or  3 


20  See  ante,  p.  307,  note  24. — ED. 

21  The  remainder  of  the  letter  deals  with  the  pre-RevoIu- 
tionary  movement  in  Virginia ;  it  may  be  found  in  Amer.  Ar 
chives,  4th  series,  i,  pp.  1061-1063. — ED. 


396  DUNMORE'S   WAR 

years     we  are  all  prepairing  for  war  both  Virga  and 
Maryland  is  in  motion  and  I  believe  will  fight  before 
they  will  Suffer  themselves  to  be  Imposed  on. 
******** 

I  am  Dear  Sir  your  most  obligd  and  most  obedt 
Servant 

[ANGUS  MCDONALD] 

To   Cap*.   William   Harod   on   Monongahelia.     Pr.    favour 
Moses  Pawlings 


MUSTER  BOLLS  OF  COMPANIES  DEFENDING  THE 
FRONTIER 

[Undated  list.    4XX6i.] 

'A  List  of  Capt.  Daniel  Smith's  Company  of  Militia  in 
Fincastle  County.22 

Daniel  Smith  Capt.  Burton  Litton 

Wm.  Bowen  Lieut.  David  Kingkeid  Jur. 

John  Kinckeid  Ensign  Benjn.  Jones 

David  Ward  Ensign.  Wm.  Neale 

Drury  Pricket   (Pucket)  Rob*.  Griffin 

Rob1.  Brown  Rob*.  Donalson 

Joseph  Home  Thomas  Price 

James  Smith  Ja».  Kendrick 

Jas.  Scott.  Richd.   Price 

Archelaus  Scott  Thos.  Mullin 

James   Price  Wm.  Mcfarland 

Joseph  Olverson  Alden  Williams 

Sam1.  Dollarhide  John  Courtney 

Sam1.  Vanhook  Charles 
Christian  Bergman 


22 Capt.  Daniel  Smith  was  militia  officer  for  Fincastle;  sec 
p.  2,  note  5,  ante.  The  following  muster  roll  is  undated,  but 
probably  belongs  to  the  spring  of  1774. — ED. 


MUSTER  ROLLS  397 

[Michael   Woods   to    Col.   William   Preston.    3QQ30.] 

SIR— I  reed  your  Letter  Dated  the  [MS.  torn]  of 
this  instant  and  I  have  conformd  my  self  to  it,  and  I 
find  that  there  is  in  that  Bounds  from  Rich  Creek 
Mountain  to  where  the  County  Line  strikes  the  river 
thirty  men  which  is 

Joseph  Inglish  Richard  herd 

Joshua  Inglish  John  Nicklas 

Wm   Cliften  George  Scott 

Andr  Woods      •  George  Sobe 

James  Williams  [Fr]ancis    Rowan 

[A] dam  Clendinen  [Pe]ter  Dingos 

Henry  Walker  Robert  Wiley  Sen^ 

[A]  dam  Woods  Robert  Wiley  Jun^ 

[R]ichd.  Woods  Tho*  Wiley 

Henry  Atkins  Tho«.  Haket 

Charlas  Atkins  Samuel  Astle 

Michl.  Woods  Ishmall  Babit 

Samuel  Gamble  Wm.  Lesey 

Wm  Cavanough  Sen*  Henry  Oharron 

Squire  Gatleph  Jeremiah  Gary 
John  umphres 

Also  there  is  a  few  men  that  lives  in  a  String  on 
the  other  side  of  the  River  that  ever  will  be  uncon- 
venient  to  any  other  place  to  Muster  at  for  they  would 
not  have  above  7  or  8  Miles  to  a  Muster  here;  and  if 
they  must  go  Elsewhere  they  Most  of  them  Must  Go 
15  or  20  Miles  to  Muster  and  the  names  of  these  is 

Charles  Cavanough  Charles  hays 

Philimon  Cavanough  Thos.  Farlor 

James  Odear  Francis  Farlor 

Wm.  Cavanough  Sen*.  John   Farlor 

Samuel  pack  Mitchle  Clay 
George  pack 

and  some  others  that  I  do  not  know  their  names. 
Also  I  must  acquaint  you  that  the  most  of  these  men 


398 


DUN  MORES   WAR 


is  bad  off  for  arms  and  ammunition  and  I  believe 
Cannot  get  them. 
All  from  yr.  Servant  at  Command 

MICHAEL  WooDS28 
29th  May  1774 


[Thomas   Burk   to    Col.    William    Preston.    3QQ3I.] 

SIR — I  have  perceedd.  According  to  your  Direc 
tions  as  Near  as  poseble  &  has  oppointd.  Eleven  out 
of  Thirty  four  all  Able  Bodyd.  Men.  Pleas  to  Ex 
cuse  My  Short  Writting  for  I  Expect  to  be  over  With 

These  from  your  Humb.  Sert. 

THOMAS  BURK. 


Henry  Librough  . . . 
george  Fry  Jun.   . . . 

Edward  Hale 

Thomas  Hale 

John  Lucus  

William  Lucus 

Joel  Cartain 
Umphry  Brumfield 
Richard  Chapmon 
Andrew  Hatfield 
Mordock  Mc.Kinsey 
David  gormon 
William  Hale 
Falser  Librough2* 
Henry  Librough 
gorge  Fry  Sen** 
george  Fry  Jun* 
John  Mc.griff 
Edward  Hale 
Thomas  Hale 
Patrick  Mc.griff 


10 


May  ye  3oth  1774 

Charles  Lucas  Jim 7 

Christy  Martin 8 

Phillip  Martin   9 

Willinton  Adkins   10 

george  Martin  Jun n 

Henley  M^Kinsey 

Thomas  Cashaday 

Charls  Lucus  Sen 

John  Lucus 

William  Lucus  20 

Charls  Lucus  Jun. 

george  Martin 

Christy  Martin 

Phillip  Martin 

John  Man 

Robert  Hunter 

Philip  Williams 

Parker  Adkins 

WTillinton  Adkins 

John  Cartain  30 


23  For  Michael  Woods  see  p.  176,  note  23,  ante. — ED. 
24 For  the  Indian  attack  upon  the  Lybrook  (Librough)  fam 
ily  see  p.  134,  note  90,  ante. — ED. 


MUSTER  ROLLS 


399 


James  Cartain  James  Havens 

John  McCartney  John  Havens 

Simon   Cashaday  Thos.  Copley 

george  Martin  Jun  34  John  Chapman  39 

John  Young 

To  Capt.  William  Preston,  Fincastle  County,  Virginia. 


25 


25 


[3QQ34-] 

'A  List  of  Robert  Doack' s2Q  Company  of  Militia 
June  2d. 

John  Stephens  Lieu*. 

William  Doack  Ensign 

Andrew  Thompson  En*. 

William  Ward    ) 

James  Downy     }.  Serjeants 

William  Meek    ) 

David  Doack  Jun*.  I 

John   Downy 

John   Stephens 

Thomas  Mead 

Adam  Walker  5 

Arnold  Shell 

Samuel  Doack 

Moses  Gordon 

John  Williams 

Samuel  Moor  10 

John  Nowell 

George  Kinder 

Jacob  Kinder 

Hugh  Robinson 

Andrew  Bronstetter          15 

Peter  Kinder 

Thomas  Bell 

Jacob  Dobler 

Moses  Moor 

Sam1  Handly  20 

John  Gilihan 


John  Pierce 

Martin  Staily 
Michael  Weaver 
Christly  Weaver 
John  Messersmith 
John  Bunshell 
Barnet  Messersmith 
Henry  Waggoner 
Henry  Waggoner  Junr.   30 
Michael  Grigger 
Peter  Grigger 
Nicholas  Cloyne 
Campbell  Baily 
Patrick  Johnston 
Barny  Gullion 
Charles  Fullen 
John  Gullion 
Duncan  Gullion 
Jacob  Catron 
Jacob  Kinsor 
Walter  Kinsor 
Michael  Kinsor 
Wm.   King 
John  King 
Samuel  Campbel 
Wm.  Campbell 
John  Maxwell 


35 


38 


40 


45 


25  The  last  five  names  were  added  later,  in  a  different  hand 
writing;  thus  the  original  list  consisted  of  thirty- four. — ED. 

26  Capt.    Robert  Doack  died   during   the    summer   of   1774. 
See  pp.  135,  137,  ante;  also  his  letter  to  Colonel  Preston,  dated 
July  12,  p.  78.— ED. 


400 


DUNMORE'S   WAR 


Bezaleel  Maxwell 
David  Maxwell 
John  Henderson 
Frederick   Rap 
Francis  Catron 
Jacob  Catron 
Adam  Catron 
Peter  Catron 
Phillip  Catron 
Michael  Staffy 
Peter  Hedrick  , 
Michael  Walter 
John  Cattes 
Mitchael  Wambler 
George  Wambler 
Adam  Boh 
Jacob  Boh 
Frederick  Moor 
Isaiah  Hamilton 
Jacob  Hamilton 
Francis  Hamilton 
Thomas  Hamilton 
Michael   Catron 
George  Carr 
James  Carr 
William   Carr 
Ben  Butherford 
Roger  Cats 
John  Vails 
John  Crawford 
John   Diver 
John  Irvine 


90 


95 


Robert  Stephenson 
SO  William  Litz 

George  Douglass 

James  Douglass 

James  Rodgers 

Thomas  Rodgers 
55  Daniel  Henderson 

John  Lesiv 

Samuel  Henderson 

George  Vaut 

Thomas  Mitchell 
60  James  Mitchell 

John  Nuland 

Phillip  Dutton 

Alexander  Ewing 

Samuel  Ewing 
65  William  Ewing 

Alexander  Ewing  Junr 

John  Reagh 

Archibald  Reagh  100 

Paddy  Saint  Lorrance 
70  Samuel  Paxton 

Robert  Porter 

Robert  Miller 

William  Henly 

George  Henly 
75  Christly  Vaut 

Andrew  Vaut 

John  Carr 

Jacob  Blesly 

John  Blesly 
80          John  Adams 


105 


no 


112 


[Fragment  of  Muster-Roll  of  Capt.  Wm.   Campbell's  Com 
pany,  July,   1774-    3QQ63-] 

These  [the  left-hand  column]   were  with  me  upon 
Clinch,  &  there  engaged  to  go  along  with  me  &c. 


Philemon  Higgins 
Benjamin  Richardson 
Joseph  Newberry 
John  Johnston 
Stephen  Hopton 
Richard  Woolsey 
John  Lewis 
Auldin  Williamson 


Wm.  Hopton 
Coonrad  Sterns 
John   Neil 
Wm.  Richardson 
Richard  Lyhnam 
Wm  Champ 
John  Boies 


MUSTER  ROLLS 


401 


The  above  is  a  List  of  the  Mens  Names  belonging 
to  my  Company  that  have  engaged  to  go  upon  the  ex 
pedition  with  Jos.  Drake 

WM.  CAMPBELI, 

39  privates  upon  my  Roll. 


[5XX2;  6XXio6.]27 

A  List  of  the  Men  in  Capt.  Daniel  Smith's  Company. 
I3th.  Augt.  1774 


Robert  Brown 

John  Lewis 
Ericus  Smith 
James  Lattghlin 

William  Priest 
Robert  Breeze 
Benjamin  Jones 
Samuel  Priest 
Thomas  Jorres 

Thomas  Price 
Thomas  Donelson 
Robert  Donelson 
Richard  Breeze 
Thomas  Brumly 
James  Rogers 
David  Priest 
Henry  Manadue 


At  the  Elk  Garden  Fort. 

Sergeant    found  bread   15   days    M.    S. 

till  23<1.  then  W. 
Listed  13th.  Augt.    E.  G. 
E.  G. 
E.  G.    These  5   found  bread   till   29^. 

Augt.28 

E.  G. 
E.  G. 

discharged  2gth.  Augt.     £.  G. 
DO.  E.  G.     DO.  He  found  bread. 
W.     he  found  bread.    Listed  14^   dis 
charged  29^ 
E.  G.     found  bread 
E.  G.     found  bread 
E.  G. 

listed  I7th.  discharged  29th.    W. 
M.  S. 
M.  S.  )      Listed  22<*.   discharged  29th. 

£  G  )  j      They  2  found  bread. 


27 The  following  list  of  garrisons  in  the  border  forts  (for 
which  see  pp.  194,  234,  ante)  is  found  in  two  documents,  which 
we  have  combined  into  one.  "E.  G."  indicates  Elk  Garden; 
"M.  S.,"  Maiden  Spring;  and  "W,"  Whitton's  Crab  Orchard 
fort.— ED. 

28  These  five  men  were  discharged  Nov.  18,  after  ninety- 
eight  days'  service. — ED. 

26 


402  DUN M ORE'S    WAR 

James  Anderson  ) E.  G.  Listed  2$&.  discharged 

Richard  Price  5  E.  G.  they  found  bread. 

John  Kingkeid  j  E.  G.  Listed  14^.  Augt. 

David  Kingkeid  )  E.  G.  found  bread. 

The  29th.  Augt.  aii  the  above  men  except  the  first  five  were 
discharged.  MX  John  Kingkeid  was  then  appointed  their 
Sergeant,  the  I2th.  Sept.  he  took  into  pay 

James  Anderson  Rob*.  Donelson 

Ben.  Jones  Thomas  Price 

David  Priest  Richard  Price 

Sam1.  Priest  David  Kingkeid 

Henry  Manadue  Robert  Brown   2n(*.  Sept. 

Thomas  Donelson 

At  the  Glade  Hollow  fort. 

Ensign  Hendly  Moore 
Mr.  John  Dunkin  Sergeant 
James  MC  Carty       1 
Archibald  Scott         I 
James  Price  }>  Listed  29^.  Augt. 

Drury  Pricket 
Jeremiah  Able  J 

James  Scott  ^ 

Isaac  Crisman 

Wm.  Ferrill  }•  Listed  19^.  Sept. 

Richard  Thompson  | 
Francis  Cooper         J 

Wm.  Pharis  29^.  Augt.  discharged  25th.  Octo.    W. 

Solomon  Litton 
James  Coyl29  ) 

Wm.  Wdlmoth  [  29th.  Sept. 

Joseph  Horn  ) 

Richard  By[rd] 

Abm  Cooper    Oct.  2crNov.  18 
Archd.  Woods    Oct.  3i-Nov.  18 
Bustar    Nov.  6-Nov.  i830 


29  "I  do  hereby  Certify  that  James  Coile  Served  as  a  Soldier 
under  my  Command  Sixteen  [days]  being  then  on  actual  duty 
&  was  Regularly  discharged  the  29  Augt.  1774    Wm.  Edmis- 
ton"— Draper  MS.,  5XX4. 

30  The  last  three  names  are  found  only  in  the  second  list. 
Apparently  they  enlisted  after  returning  from  the  Point  Pleas 
ant  expedition. — ED. 


MUSTER  ROLLS       ,  403 

At  the  Maiden  Springs  Station  26th.  Augt.  1774 

Mr.  Robt.  Brown  Sergeant  till  23^.  Sept.  then  Joseph  Cravens. 

Henry  Willis 

Joseph  Cravens 

James  M  Clehany  discharged  igth.  Oct.    55  days. 

James  Cravens 

John  Jameson  listed  29th.  Augt.  disch.  ipth.  Oct.     53  days. 

James  Rogers 

Thomas  Brumly  listed  22<*.  Augt.  disch.  igth.  Oct.     60  days. 

Andw.   Lammy    listed   i6th.  Augt.    4th.    Sept.   Sam1.   Fowler 

came  in  his  room. 

John  Flintham     listed  14  Augt.     disch.  igth.  Oct.     68  days. 
James  Douglas     M.  S. 

John  Newland     W.          )  r  ,    ,    c     *  j-    i 

Samuel  Paxton     W.  hs^    SeP*'    ^     Discharged    22*. 

Philip  Button.    W.          )       '  days' 
John  Cravens.    23^.  Sept.    M.  S. 
Rees  Bowen     Aug.  26 — Sept  2 
David  Ward     Aug.26 — Sept  2 
Robt  Cravens    Nov.  ist— Nov.  i831 

At  the  Upper  Station 

Mr.  John  Campbell  Ensign 

1      Isaac  Spratt.  )  Sergeant 

George  Dohorty       £  25th.  Sept.  went  away 
)      without  leave 
Andw.  Steel     Oct.  igth     disch.  64  days. 
John  Hambleton     disch.  i8th.  Oct.     64  days. 
I     Alexr.  Grant,     deserted  8th.  Sept. 

+v,     A         (     David  Bustar 
29tb    Aug.  |     Wm    Thompson 

Edward  Sharp     7th.  Sept  listed,     disch.  2ist     14  days. 
Michael    Glaves.    6th.    Sept.    went   away  without   leave    7th. 

Octr. 

James  Fullen    5th.  Sept.     disch.  2ist     16  days 
James   Edwards    5th.    Sept.     went  away  without  leave  30th, 

Sept. 

John  Williams     7th.  Sept.     disch.  i6th.     9  days. 
Thomas    Potter.     5th.    Sept.    went   away   without   leave   7th. 

Oct.     came  back 
Levi  Bishop    8th.  Sept.     Do    DO    22<3.  Sept. 


31  Of  the  three  preceding  men,  the  first  two  were  appar 
ently  discharged  to  go  upon  the  expedition ;  the  third,  upon 
his  return,  joined  the  garrison  of  Maiden  Spring. — ED. 


404 


DUN  MORE' S    WAR 


Robert  Mauford  [Moffet]     8th.  Sept. 

Alexander  Henderson     15th.  Sept.     went  away  I2th.  Oct. 

Francis  Hambleton     15^.  Sept.     went  out  without  leave  25^. 

Sept.    came  back 

John  Crafford     I5th.  Sept.     discharged  24th.     10  days. 
Isaiah  Hambleton     isth.  Sept.    22d.    Sept.  went  away  without 

leave 

Benjamin  Rediford     15^.  Sept.    25th.  Sept.    Do. 
George  Vaut    15th.  Sept.    26th.  went  away,    came  back  Octo. 

ist. 

Andw.  Branstead  15th  Sept.  26th.  DO 
James  Mitchell  15^.  Sept.  26th.  DO 
Rowland  Williams.  DO. 

Mr.  Thomas  Whitten  sen.     appointed  Sergeant  26th.  Sept. 
Thomas  Whitten  jur.     Octo.  Ist. 
John  Grinup  DO. 

Francis  Hynes  DO. 

Samuel  Doack.     listed  Octo.   ist.     went  away  I2th.   Oct. 
Thos.  Rogers.          DO.  DO. 

John  Lashly  DO.  DO. 

Wm.  King     Octo.   ist. 
Thos'.  Meads         DO. 
Jacob  Kindar       DO. 
Daniel  Henderson   )  o  .        th 
Peter  Kindar  $  L 

Jonathan  Edwards,     in  his  brothers  room  6th.  Oct. 
Christian  Bergman     5th.  Oct. 
Michael  Razor    24th.  Octo. 
Jeremiah  Whitton    2/th.  Oct. 

Scouts 

William  Bowan  Aug.  I2th 

James  Fowler 

Thos.  Maxwell     10  days  June  nth 

Rees  Bowan 

David  Ward 

John  Kingkeid     17  days 

Wm.  Priest     7  days 

John  Sharp     10  days 

Wm.  Crabtree 

Samuel  Hays 

Robt.  Davis     15  days  of  his  time  to  go  to  Robt  Moffet 
At  Elk  Garden  I  Sergeant     15  men 
Fort  Christian  i  Ensign  I  Sergeant  15  men 
Maid.     Springs  Brown  &  Cravens  &  12  men 
Whittons.     I  Ensign.     Spratt  &  Whitten  &  44  men 


MUSTER  ROLLS 


405 


MUSTER  BOLLS  OF  THE  EXPEDITION 

[2ZZ30.] 

'A  List  of  Capt  William  Nails  Company  [of]  vallen- 
tiarrs  from  Augusta 

September  iot&  day  1774 

William  Nalle  Capt  I      William    Scails  22 

Martain  Nalle  Lieutenant    2 
Jacob  Pence  Ensign  3 

William   Bush   Sergeant       I 
John  Bush  Sergeant  2 

Barnod  Crafford  Sergeant   3 


Shadrick  Butler 
William  Feavil 
Robert  Rains 
Moses  Smith 
Steven  Washburn 
Israel  Meader 
Henry  owler 
John   Grigsby 
Richard  Welsh 
Zacarias  Lee 
John  Goodall 
Bengaman  Petty 
Michael  Gurden 
Bruten  Smith 
James  Todd 
William  Spicer 
James  Washbun 
Charles  Brown 
James  Alexander 
Gorge  Rucker 
Joseph  Roay 


i 
2 
3 
4 

I 

8 

9 
10 
ii 

12 

13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 

20 
21 


John  Pright 

23 

Yenty  jackson 

24 

John  Owler 

25 

George  Fuls 

26 

James  Miller 

27 

Gorge  Harmon 

28 

John  Chism 

29 

Adam  Hansburger 

30 

Henry  Cook 

31 

John  Breden 

32 

Thomas  Brook  (Confined) 

33 

Henry  Miner 

34 

Chesly  Rogers 

35 

Sefniah  Lee 

36 

Zacarias  plunkepel 

37 

Mecagh  Smith 

38 

William  Smith 

39 

John  Deck 

40 

John  fy 

41 

John  Williams 

42 

Joseph  Butler 

43 

James  Selby 

44 

James  Reary 

45 

Abraham  Rue 

46 

Jacob  Null 

John  Null 

48 

WILLIAM  NALLE" 


82  The  name  of  this  captain  in  the  Augusta  division  has 
been  corrupted  by  several  secondary  writers.  Stuart  gave  it 
as  Naul,  which  others  apparently  considered  a  misprint  for 
Paul,  and  as  such  this  officer  is  mentioned  in  nearly  all  later 
accounts  of  the  subject — including  Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the 
West,  i,  p.  221.  The  Nalle  family  was  prominent  in  western 
Virginia.  Capt.  William  Nalle  served  in  the  Revolutionary 
militia,  and  in  1781  was  delegate  to  the  Virginia  assembly 
from  Rockingham  County. — ED. 


406 


DUNMORE'S    WAR 


[2ZZ3I.] 

A  List  of  John  Murray  [*s]  Compy  of  Volenteers  from 
Botetourt 

Sept.  I0th  1774 

Dan*.   Simkins  31 

Wm.  Lyons  32 

James  Simkins  33 

Nicholas   Mooney  34 

1  Solomon  Brundige  35 

2  Stephen  Harris  36 

3  Dani.  Fullin  37 

4  David  Wallace  38 

5  Moses  Whitby  39 

1  James   Gilmor  40 

2  James   Cunningham  41 

3  John   Kelsey  42 

4  Hugh   Moor  43 

5  Joseph  Gibson  44 

6  Wm.  Cochran  45 

7  James  Logan  46 

8  John  Logan  47 

9  Tho*.   Hedden  48 

10  Prisley  Gill  49 

11  John  Coiler  50 

12  Johnathan  Watson  51 

13  Hugh  Logan  52 

14  Wm.  Neely  53 

15  James  Neely  54 

16  John  Milican  55 

17  Fetter  Higans  56 

18  Wm.  Connor  57 

19  Wm.  Bradly  58 

20  John   McGee  59 

21  Wm.   Brown  60 

22  James   McCalister  61 

23  John  Barkly  62 

24  Andw.  Wallace  63 

25  Isaac    Trimble  64 

26  Fetter   McNiel  6$ 

27  Wm.   Johns  66 

28  Andw.  Alden  67 

29  James   Bambrige  68 

30  John    Murray33 


John  Murray  Capt 
Wm  M^Kee  Lieut. 
Saml  Wallace  Lieut. 
Adam  Wallace  Ens'*. 
Wm.  Taylor       Sergt. 
Moses  Coiler        DO. 
John  Larken         DO. 
John  Simpson       DO. 
Barney  Boyls        DO. 
John  Gilmor 
Hugh  Logan 
Jas.  Hall 
James   Arnold 
Stephen  Arnold 
Wm.  Moor 
John  Nelson 
John  Sedbery 
Wm.   McCorkle 
Geo  Milwood 
Andw.  Evins 
Jo*.    Mc.Bride 
Tho*  Nail 
John  Lapsly 
James  Walker 
Ezekiel  Kennedy 
John  Jones 
John  Moor 
Wm.  Simpson 
Thos'.   McClure 
John  McClure 
Fetter  Kasheday 
Robt.  Wallace 
Thos.  Peary 
John  Grigs 
Geo.  Cummins 
John  Eager 
James  Crawley 
Danl.  Blair 
Thos.  Burny 


83  For  Capt.  John  Murray,  see  p.  275,  note  92,  ante.— ED. 


MUSTER  ROLLS  407 


[2ZZ32,  33] 

A  Roll  of  Cap*  Phi[l]  Love['s]  Company  of 
Volunteers^ 

Sepr  iotfc  1774 

Phi  Love  Cap*  20.  Daniel  McDonald 

Daniel  M^Niell    Lieut  21.  James  Simson 

John  Mills     Ensign  22.  Thos  Brown 

Wm.  Ewing  Sergt  Majr  *23.  James  Neeley 

Francis    McElhaney      Quarter  24.  Abraham  Moon  Batman  to 

M.  S.  Col°  Lewis 

Sieltor  Taylor        )  25.  George  Craig       DO 

James  Alexander  [  Sergeants  26.  Rich<i  Willson  Carpenter 
John  Craford         )  27.  Rob*   Smith  Batman 

1.  Robt  Owen  28.  John   Buchanan 

2.  Sam  Andrews  29.  Charles   Davis  Batman 
*3.  William  Scott  30.  Wm  Franklin 

4.  Sam     MtGumry      [Mont-  31.  James  Franklin 

gomery]  32.  Wm  Hanson 

5.  William  Teasy  33.  James  McDonald 

6.  John  Dodd  34.   [erased] 

7.  Tho§  Perce  *35.  Richd  Collins 

8.  Thos  Armstrong  *36.  Ja*  M  Gnillin 

9.  John  Dunn  *37.  John  McGinness 
*io.  Chas  Byrne  *38.  Griffin  Harriss 

11.  Thos  Gilberts  39.  John  Jones    Cadet 

12.  Abraham  Demonse  40.   [erased] 
*I3.  Will.  Hooper                        *4i.  John  Markes 

14.  Sam  Savage  42.  John  Robinson  Batman 

15.  Tho»  Welch  43.   [erased] 

16.  The*  Welch  Ju?  44.  John  Todd    Cadet 

17.  Patrick  Conner  45.  Daniel     [Ormsbey]      Bat- 

18.  Joseph  Pain  man 

19.  Will  Armstrong  

53   Totall 


34  There  are  two  lists  of  the  company  of  Capt.  Philip  Love. 
for  whom  see  p.  273,  note  89,  ante.  The  second,  dated  Oct.  7, 
contains  one  additional  name — James  Neeley,  cadet.  The 
total  number  of  the  second  list  is  but  forty-two.  The  names 
marked  with  a  star  in  the  following  list  are  the  ones  not  con 
tained  in  that  of  Oct.  7. — ED. 


408 


DUN  MORE' S    WAR 


[2ZZ27,   28.] 

A  List  of  Capt  John  Lewis  Company  of  Volunteers 
from  Botetourt*5 


John  Henderson  Lieut 
Robert  Alliet  [Eliott]  In8 
Samuel  glass  Sergt 
William  Bryans    Dito 
Peter  Huff  Dito 

William  Wilson   Dito 
Samuel  Estill        Dito 
John  Donally  fife 
Thomas  Alsbury  Drum 

Privates 

1  John  Swoop 

2  Allexander  Kelley 

3  Edward  Egins 

4  James  Ellison 

5  John  Deniston 

6  James  Stuart 

7  John  Savage 

8  Christopher  Welsh 

9  James  Crawley  [Croley] 

10  James  Dulin 

11  Isaac  Fisher 

12  Peter  Ellenburgh 

13  Andrew  Kissinger 

14  Samuel  Barton 

15  William  Clifton 

16  Joseph  Love 

17  Leonard  Huff 

18  Samuel  Croley 

19  William  Isum 


Septr  I0  1774 

20  Isaac  Taylor 

21  Martin  Carney 

22  Peter  Hendrix 

23  John   Hundley 

24  Thomas  Huff 

25  Thomas  Edger 

26  James  Charlton 

27  Mathew  Polug 

28  Thomas  Canady  [Kanady] 

29  William  Jones 

30  Richard  Packwood 

31  John  Arthur 

32  William  Robison 

33  Samuel  Huff 

34  Edward  Wilson 

35  Robert  Boyd 

36  John  Reburn 

37  Isaac  Nickels 

38  Phillip  Hammon 

39  James  Burtchfield 
*4O  Soloman  White 

41  Thomas  Carpender 

42  Soloman  Carpender 

43  Jeremiah  Carpender 

44  David  Cook 

45  John  Boughman 

46  Jacob  Boughman 

47  Robart  Bowles 

48  James  Burnsides 

49  Dennis  Nail 


35 The  Draper  MSS.  contain  two  lists  of  the  company  of 
Capt.  John  Lewis,  of  Botetourt,  for  whom  see  p.  274,  note  91, 
ante.  The  second  is  undated,  and  consists  of  seventy-one 
names,  in  addition  to  the  captain,  lieutenant,  and  ensign,  "5 
Canoe  Men,  5  Spies,  I  On  Command,"  for  whom  no  names 
are  given.  The  names  marked  with  a  star  in  the  following 
list  are  not  in  the  other.  The  last  seven  names  (unnumbered) 
are  transferred  from  the  second  list,  while  the  alternative 
spelling  of  names  is  derived  from  the  same  source. — ED. 


MUSTER  ROLLS  409 

*50  Henry  Howard  *6o  Hugh  Caperton 

51  Molastin  Peregin  61  Mathew  Creed 

52  Walter  Holwell  Matt  Jewitt 

53  James  M^Nitt  Adman  Cornwell 

54  Samuel  Burcks  William  Boniface 

55  Nathan  farmer  Robert  Davis 
*56  Gabriel  Smithers  Henry  Boyer 

57  John  Carpender  Mathias  Kisinger 

58  Thomas  Burnes  William  Man 

59  Adam  Caperton 


[2ZZ36.] 
A  list  of  Cap*.  Bufords  Company  of  Volunteers™ 

Thomas  Dooley    Lieutt.  21  John  Mc.Glahlen 

Jonathan  Cundiff    Ensign  22  John  Campbell 

Nicholas  Mead       }  23  William  Campbell 

William  Kenedy    (  c     •  ts  24  Adam  Lin 

John  Fields  (  "  25  Thomas  Stephens 

Thomas  Fliping     )  26  William  Keer 

1  Abraham  Sharp  on  Com'*  27  Gerrott   Kelley 

2  Absalom  Mc.clanahan  on  D°  28  James  Ard 

3  William  Bryant  29  William  Deal 

4  William  Mc.colister  30  John  Bozel 

5  James  Scarbara  31  John  Welch 

6  John  Mc.clanahan     I  Canoe  32  Robert  Boyd 

7  James  Mc.bride  33  Thomas  Hamrick 

8  John  Carter  34  James  Boyd 

9  William  Overstreet  35  James  Dale 

10  Robert  Hill  36  Robert  Ewing 

11  Samuel  Davis  37  Francis  Seed 

12  Zachariah  Kennot  39  William  Hackworth 

13  Augustine  Hackworth  39  John  Roberts 

14  William  Cook  40  Joseph  White 

15  Uriah  Squires  41  Joseph  Bunch 

16  Thomas  Hall  42  Jacob  Dooley 

17  William  Hamrick  43  Thomas  Owen 

18  Nathaniel  Cooper  44  John  Read 

19  John  Cook  45  John  Wood      Cow  driving 

20  Mr.  Waugh    cadate 


36  For  Capt.  Thomas  Buford,  and  his  company  from  Be^V 
ford  County,  which  was  placed  in  the  Botetourt  line,  see  p. 
273,  note  88,  ante. — ED. 


DUNMORE'S    WAR 


[2ZZ4o.] 
Capt  Stewart's  [Company]*1 


[MS.  torn.] 
Charles  O  Haara  } 
James  Donaley       £  Sergt. 
Skidr  Harriman     ) 

Daniel  Workman  I 

Samuel  Williams  2 

Wm.  O  Harra  3 

Robert  O  Harra  4 

James  Paulley  5 

James  Clarke  6 

John  Pauley*  7 

Archbl.  McDowell  8 

Wm.  Hogan  9 

Andw.  Gardner  10 

Qeavy  Lockhart  n 

Samuel   Sulivan  12 

Thomas  Fargison  13 

John  McCandless  14 

Thomas  Gillespy*  15 

Henry  Lawrance*  16 


John  Grain  ,  17 

Wm.  Dyer  18 

Edw.  Smith  19 
[MS.  torn.] 

John  Harris  21 

Joseph  Current  22 

Wm.  Clindining  23 

Spencer  Cooper  24 

Danl.  Taylor  25 
Joseph  Day  On  Comd.  26 
Jacob  Lockhart  DO  27 

George  Clinding  28 

John  Burke  29 

Charles  Keeneson  30 

"Wm.  Ewing  31 

John  Doherty  32 

John  McNeal  33 

Joseph  Campbell  34 

gon  back 
2  on  Comd. 


[2ZZ39.] 

A  List  of  Capt  Robert  McClenackans  Company  of 
Volenteers  from  Botetourt™ 


1  William  McCoy  Leutenant 

2  Mathew   Breken    Ensine 

3  Thomas   williams      Sargant 


4  William  Craig     Sargant 

5  Samuel   Clark     Sargant 

6  William  Jones    Drum 


87 The  following  list  of  Capt.  John  Stuart's  [Stewart's] 
company  is  in  his  own  handwriting.  The  upper  part  of  the 
MS.  is  mutilated,  so  that  the  names  of  the  subordinate  officers 
are  missing.  It  is  believed  that  this  is  the  only  extant  list 
of  the  company.  The  stars  are  part  of  the  original  document, 
and  their  purport  does  not  appear.  For  Capt.  John  Stuart, 
of  Greenbrier,  see  p.  104,  note  151,  ante. — ED. 

38 This  list  is  undated;  but  from  the  context  we  judge  that 
it  was  drafted  about  Sept.  10,  with  those  of  other  Botetourt 
companies.  For  Capt.  Robert  McClenachan,  and  his  two  sub 
ordinate  officers,  William  McCoy  and  Matthew  Bracken,  see 
respectively,  pp.  160,  note  10;  349,  note  70;  120,  note  78. — ED. 


MUSTER  ROLLS 


411 


7  John  Harmon 

8  James  Kinkaid 

9  Gorge  Kinkaid 

10  David  Cutlip 

11  James  Morrow  Senio* 

12  James  Morrow 

13  James  Gilkeson 

14  Even  Evens 

15  William    Stewart 

16  Edward  thomas 

17  Patrick  Constantine 

18  William  Custer 

19  Lewis  Homes 

20  William  Huchisen 


21  Edward  Baret 

22  John  Williams 

23  Richard  Williams 

24  James  Burrens 

25  John  Patten 

26  Thomas  Ellias 

27  Charles  Howard 

28  James  Guffy 

29  Thomas  Cooper 

30  William  McCaslen 

31  John  Cunningham 

32  Francis  Boogs 

33  John  Vaun 


[Captain    Pauling's   list  of   Botetourt   troops.    2ZZ4I.]39 


officers  3 

Cap*.  Henry  Paulling 
Lieut*.  Edward  Gouldman 
Ensign   Samuel  Baker 

Sarj**  3 

Sargt.  Obediah  H.  Trent 
Sargt.  Robert  Findley 
Sargt.  James  Woods 

Robert  Watkins  I 

Philip  Hanee  2 

James  Dehority  3 

William  Thompson  4 

William  Holley  5 

Joel  Doss  6 

William  Ray  7 

Dangerfield  Harmon  8 

Stephen  Holston  9 

James  Wilson  10 

Dudley  Callaway  Canoe  n 

David  Bellew            DO  12 

Andrew  Rodgers  13 

Robert  Ferrill  14 

Andrew  Harrisson  15 

George  Simmerman  16 

Thomas  Wilson  17 
Alexander     Culwell     on 

Comd  18 

William  Gilliss  19 


Edward  Ross  20 

Matthew  Ratliff  21 

William  Glass  22 

John  Fitzhugh  23 

William  Canaday  24 

John  Clerk  25 

John  Frazer  26 

George  Davis  27 

Thomas  Mecrary  28 

Richd.  Rollens  29 

Mical  Limey  30 

John  Gibson  31 

Charles  Ellisson  32 

John  Aggnue  33 

James  Dunowho  34 

Thomas  Reid  35 

Joseph  Whitticor  36 
Isham  Fienquay  Canoe  37 
David  Condon  Do  38 

Richard  Lemaster  39 

James  King  40 

John  Hutson  41 

William  Micalister  42 

Jeremiah  Jenkins  43 

Edward  Carther  44 

Martain  Baker  45 

James  Lyn  46 

4  Canoemen 

I  Comd. 


'For  Capt.  Henry  Pauling  see  p.  187,  note  33,  ante, — ED. 


412 


DUNM ORE'S    WAR 


[2ZZ37,  38.] 

A  List  of  Capt.  Shelby  Compy  Volunteers  from 
Fincastle™ 


I  Capt. 

I  Lieut 

I  Ensign 

4  Sergt* 

4  Canoe  Men 

i  On  Com 

James  Shelby 

John  Sayers 

John  Findley 

Henry  Shaw  [Span] 

Daniel  Mungle  5 

Frederick  Mungle   [Mongle] 

John  Williams 

John  Carmack 

Andrew  Terrence  [Torrence] 

Geo.  Brooks  10 

Isaac  Newland 

Abram  Newland 

Geo.  Ruddle  [Riddle] 

Emanuel    Shoatt 

Abram  Bogard  IS 

Peter  Torney  *  [Forney] 

William  Tucker 

John  Fain 

Sam1.  Vance* 

Sam1.  Fain  20 

Sam1.    Hensley*    [Handley] 

Total  45  privates  Including 
from  Fincastle 
7  Octr.  74 

40  The  following  list  of  'Capt.  Evan  Shelby's  company  of 
Fincastle  troops  is  printed  from  an  original  in  his  own  hand 
writing.  As  far  as  known,  the  other  officers  were  Isaac 
Shelby,  lieutenant,  and  James  Robertson  and  Valentine  Sevier, 
sergeants.  A  similar  list  is  printed  in  Summers,  Southwest 
Virginia,  pp.  155,  156,  and  Ramsey,  History  of  Tennessee,  p. 
116.  The  bracketed  emendations  in  the  following  list  are 
based  on  data  in  the  former.  The  stars  are  found  on  the 
original  MS.,  and  their  purport  is  uncertain.  For  Shelby  and 
his  sons,  Robertson  and  Sevier,  see  pp.  270,  271,  note  85, 
ante. — ED. 


Sam1.  Samples  ** 

Arthur  Blackburn 

Robert  Herrill  [Handley] 

Geo.  Armstrong  25 

William  Casey 

Marck  Williams 

John  Stewart  [wounded] 

Conrad  Nave 

Richd.  Burck  30 

John  Riley 

Elija  Robison  [Robertson] 

Rees  Price 

Richard  Holliway 

Jarrett  Williams  35 

Julias  Robison 

Charles  Fielder 

Benja  Grayum    [Graham] 

Andrew  Goff 

Hugh    Ogullion  [O'Gul- 

lion]  40 

Barnett  Ogullion 
Patk  St.  Lawrence 
Jos.  Hughey  [James 

Hughey] 
John  Bradley 
Basilael  Maxwell  45 

E.  SHELBY 

Six  of  Captn.  Herberts  men 


MILITIA  RETURNS 


413 


[2ZZ23-] 

RETURNS  OF  THE   TROOPS 

fA  Return  of  the  Bottetourt  Troops  in  Camp  Septr.  nth 
1774  Under  the  Command  of  Coll0.  Andrew 
Lewis.  Union  Camp. 


Com- 
misd 
offrs 

Staff 
Do 

Non 
Com: 
Do 

Rank  and  File. 

Companies 

5 

fl 

i 

Captns 

Leutns 

.1 

^ 

Agetent 

Quarterma 

1 

CO 

Drums 

1 

h 

cd 

Caddets 

SH 

6 

C/2 

on  Comd 

W 

Baumen 

I 

Capt  Love 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

5 

26 

3 

i 

i 

2 

5 

38 

Capt  Buford 

1 

1 

1 

4 

-I9 

1 

43 

Capt  Lewis 

1 

1 

1 

. 

5 

1 

1 

61 

61 

Cap*  Murrey 

1 

2 

1 

. 

. 

5 

61 

5 

2 

. 

68 

Capt  Paulin 

1 

1 

1 

. 

3 

1 

1 

51 

2 

. 

53 

Cap  McClennachan 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

25 

7 

8 

1 

41 

Cap  Stewart 

8 

7 

6 

1 

1 

26 

2 

3 

266 

i 

15 

10 

• 

5 

304 

WM  FLEMING 

[Order  of  March] 

4  Scouts  Capt.  Lewis  Corny,  to  March  in  frunt  he 
is  to  keep  4  a  head  as  scouts,  those  followed  by  a 
Sargent  &  12.  who  is  to  keep  out  a  flanker  on  each 
side — then  his  Compy. 


414 


DUNM ORE'S    WAR 


Sergt  Magr  Quarter  master  s'gt  included  in  Sergts. 

2  with  the  advanced  party  i  Sergt  &  5  R  &  F  unfit  for  duty 

The  drum**  &  2  R  &  F  unfit  for  duty 

327        Sergts  26 

Sick  15        Fifers  2 

On  Comd  10        Dr»  3 


Effective 
Volunteer 
Packhorse  men 
Batmen 


342 
266 
4 
3 

5 


5  Capts 
Lieut* 
Ensgn 


309 

5 

J 

327 


[2ZZ72.] 

[MS.  torn]     Union  on  the  G[reat  Levels]  1774 41 


[Comp]anies. 

$ 

0) 

| 
1 

1? 

£ 

£ 
g 

P 

3 

s* 

M 

Colo  C  :  Lewis 

Capt  M.  Dowell 

2 

1 

4 

. 

52 

Capt  McClen[nechan] 

2 

5 

1 

1 

71 

C  "    M  off  at 

2 

4 

. 

50 

C  "   Dickinson 

1 

3 

. 

22 

C  "    Mathews 

2 

2 

1 

1 

60 

C  "    Wilson 

1 

2 

. 

27 

C  "    Harrison 

1 

4 

51 

C  "    Haynes42 

1 

4 

. 

48 

C  "    Skidmore 

1 

3 

. 

. 

32 

C  "    Lockridge 

1 

3 

26 

C  "    Lewis 

2 

3 

1 

1 

70 

Cap*  Gilmore43 

1 

31 

Capt  Nawl 

1 

3 

• 

[48] 

13 

18 

12 

40 

3 

[588] 

41  The  MS.  of  this  return  is  damaged,  but  enough  exists  to 
show  that  it  is  a  return  of  the  number  of  Augusta  County 
troops,  made  during  the  encampment  at  Camp  Union — there 
fore  before   Sept.    12.     Charles  Lewis  marched   with  the  van 
Sept.  6,  but  it  is  not  probable  that  the  entire  Augusta   con 
tingent   accompanied   him.     The   number   for   Captain   Nalle's 
company  is  supplied  from  his  muster-roll. — ED. 

42  Capt.  Joseph  Haynes,  and  probably  Capt.  James  Gilmore. 


MILITIA  RETURNS 


415 


[2ZZ20.] 

A  Morning  Return  of  {the  Botetourt  regiment]**  Un 
der  the  Command  of  Col.    [William  Fleming}. 


Colo  William  Fleming 

Comd 
offrs 

Non 
Comd. 

Rank  &  file 

|  Caddates 

en 

•e 
« 

1 

|  Batmen  | 

44 

42 

36 
44 

63 
61 
61 
34 
29 
37 
49 
500 

1 

OB 
0 

Leutns 

CO 

a 

6T 

oo 
1 

1 

y 

erf 

1 

1 

1 

3 

fit  for  Du 

, 

0 

02 

g 

5 

a 
O 

.  .  .  .  M  1  Armour 

|  Scouts 

Carpenter 

Capt  Shelby 
Capt  Russell 
Capt  Love 
Capt  Buford 
Capt  Lewis 
Capt  Arbuckell 
Capt  Murrey 
Capt  Stewartt 
Capt  McClanehan 
Col°  Fields 
Capt  Pauling 
Total 

1 
1 
1 
1 

11 

1 
11 

1 

1 
1 
1 

10 

4 
3 
5 
4 
5 
4 
4 

3 
3 
3 

38 

1 

1 

2 

35 
39 
22 
44 
50 
61 
59 
34 
26 
37 
46 
453 

2 
1 

2 
2 
1 

3 
11 

8 
3 

2 

13 

1 
5 

6 

• 

3 

1 

6 

• 

• 

1 

6 

R 

3 

1 

6 

[2ZZ24.] 

A  general  Return  of  the  Army  Incampt  on  Elk  River 
Under  the  Comm'd  of  Collo.  Andrew  Lewis  Coin- 
mander  in  Chief  Sept  2?th 


The  latter  was  from  the  part  of  Augusta  County  that  is  now 
included  in  Rockbridge,  and  commanded  a  company  at  the 
battle  of  Cowpens. — ED. 

43  The  date  of  the  following  return  does  not  appear,  because 
of  mutilation  of  the  MS.     It  probably  was  written   a*  Camp 
Union. — ED. 

44  For  the  five  captains  whose  names  are  missing,  because 
of  the  mutilation  of  the  MS.,  we  have  seven  names  from  the 
two    preceding    returns :      Captains     Shelby,     Love,    Buford, 
Lewis   of   Botetourt,  Murray,   Nalle,  and  Gilmore.     It  would 
appear  that  upon  this  date  two  companies  had  not  arrived  at 
Elk  River.— ED. 


416 


DUNM ORE'S    WAR 


Com* 
offr 

non  comd 

Rank  &  file 

iCollRs 
Chjarles  Lewis 
Wiljliam  Fleming 

00 

_ 

W 

d 

•f) 

£ 

! 

s 
ft 

T, 

E 

nters 

•r. 

3 

1 

1 

to 

! 

1 

|w 

t-i  j    % 

5-1 

=2 

% 

6 

a 
i 

\ 

5 

0 

3 

W 

A 

3 

pjo 

49 

'£ 

§ 

^ 

1 

1 

1 

5 

0 

4 

22 

1 

3 

i 

1 

6 

34 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

0 

26 

. 

. 

40 

1 

1 

1 

4 

. 

. 

* 

. 

4* 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

4 

6 

* 

[Capt.  Arbu]ckell 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

53 

2 

55 

1 

2 

1 

4 

51 

1 

10 

62 

{CaptMcCl]anihan 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

27 

1 

2 

30 

Capt  Russell 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

38 

1 

4 

. 

43 

Capt  Pauling 

1 

1 

1 

4 

43 

4 

3 

1 

50 

Capt  Stewart 

1 

1 

3 

34 

34 

| 

'  I 

Capt  Fields 

1 

1 

3 

39 

. 

39 

Capt  Ward 

1 

1 

7 

7 

Capt  Dickinson 

1 

1 

£ 

1 

19 

2 

21 

Capt  McDowell 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

44 

1 

45 

Capt  Moffett 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

51 

. 

51 

Capt  Harrison 

1 

1 

1 

4 

40 

. 

40 

Capt  McClanehon 

1 

2 

1 

- 

8 

66 

3 

,    ' 

68 

Capt  Mathews 

1 

2 

1 

4 

1 

57 

3 

. 

60 

Capt  Loci-:  ridge 

1 

1 

3 

21 

3 

4 

28 

Capt  Skidmore 

1 

1 

1 

3 

32 

32 

Capt  Wilson 

1 

1 

i 

25 

25 

Capt  Lewis 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

56 

. 

56 

Capt  Haina 

1 

1 

1 

4 

45 

3 

i 

51 

Total 

23   25   19(  80:  3 

up 

909 

28 

•2L 

a 

2   6 

987 

*[MS.  torn] 

twelve  artificers  not  included  in  this  Return 


MILITIA  RETURNS 


417 


[2ZZ25-] 

'A  Return  of  the  Botetourt  and  Fincastle  Troops  under 
the  Command  of  Colo.  And™.  Lewis  encamped  on 
Point  Pleasant  Octobr.  7.  7774 


Non 

Commissd. 
Officers 

Corn- 
miss  DO. 

Rank  &  File 

Companies 

g 

, 

| 

A 

3 

nsitrns 

fc 

E 

sjum,r 

I 

0 

1 

1 

o 

0 

3 

M  U,  Q 

s 

55 

5 

^ 

1 

Capt  Buford 

1 

1 

1 

4 

44 

1 

45 

1  herd  2  Canoe  M  : 

encluded  &  2  on 

Comd 

Capt  jn<>  Lewis 

1 

1 

1 

5 

l 

1 

64 

64 

5  Scouts  encluded 

&  4  Canoe  Men 

Capt  Phil.  Love 

1 

1 

1 

5 

25 

9 

34 

3  Cadets  &  Servts 

encluded    with 

the  sick  &  Canoe 

M.    1  on  Comd 

Cap*  M.  Arbuckles 

, 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

59 

, 

59 

Cap  Ward  not  in 

cluded   2  Canoe 

Men    &    1     on 

Comd.  encluded 

Capt  Murray 

• 

1 

2 

1 

5 

• 

60 

60 

1  Canoe  M.  1  on 
Comd.  encluded 

Capt  Stewart 

t 

1 

1 

3 

33 

33 

2  on  Comd.  enclud 

ed 

Capt  MoClenna- 
chan 

• 

1 

1 

1 

3 

• 

1 

27 

• 

27 

1  Canoe  1  on  Comd 
encluded 

Capt  Pauling 

. 

1 

1 

1 

3 

.46 

46 

4  Canoe  men  1  on 

Comd  encluded 

Capt  Shelby 

. 

1 

1 

1 

4 

45 

45 

Six  of  Capt    Her 

berts  Co  encJud- 

ed  4  Caunoe  Men. 

1  on  Comd 

Capt  Russell 

1 

1 

1 

3 

42 

42 

1  On  Comd 

Colo  Fields 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

39 

39 

One  Man  sent  Ex 

press  to  Culpep- 
per  by   the  Colo 
Field     encluded 

in  the  Above 

101  111 

11 

9!  40    1    3484'  10 

491 

4i8 


DUNMORE'S    WAR 


[2ZZ26.] 

Morning  Return  of  the  Botetourt  &  Fincastle 
Troops  Campt  on  Point  Pleasant  Under  the  Com 
mand  of  Colo.  Andrew  Lewis  Commander  in  Chief 

Octr.  gth  1774 


Coma  0£F 

non  comd 

Rank  and  file 

Colo. 

| 

William  Fleming 

CD 

to 

03 

a 

t£ 

.3 

cc 

a 

1 

1 

c 

a 
a 

a 

•4-) 
0 

"<E 

1 

EC 

a 

£ 

Q 

p 

e 

At 

6 

-r 

'S 

95 

2 

1 

cd 

ffj 

a 

h 

c 

C3 

cC 

'H< 

Tj 

o 

J 

w 

cc 

fe 

n 

trt 

S 

C) 

o 

GO 

CQ 

Capt  Shelly 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

44 

44 

Capt  Russell 

1 

1 

1 

3 

. 

. 

41 

2 

. 

43 

Capt  Love 

1 

1 

1 

5 

23 

1 

2 

3 

5 

34 

Capt  Buford 

1 

1 

1 

4 

. 

40 

. 

4 

. 

44 

Capt  Lewis 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

i 

58 

. 

5 

. 

63 

Capt  Murry 

1 

2 

1 

4 

. 

61 

'    . 

. 

61 

Capt  Stewart 

1 

1 

3 

Sfi 

36 

Capt  Arbuckle 

1 

1 

1 

5 

i 

58 

4 

62 

Capt  McClanihon 

1 

1 

1 

3 

•   . 

i 

21 

„ 

2 

29 

Capt  Pauling 

1 

1 

1 

3 

. 

45 

1 

. 

. 

. 

46 

Colo.  Fields 

1 

1 

3 

. 

35 

. 

. 

35 

Total 

11 

11 

10 

42 

2 

3 

468 

4 

12 

3 

• 

5 

497 

[2ZZ2I.] 

rA  Morning  Return  of  The  Troops  Campt  on  Point 
Pleasant  Under  the  Command  of  Colo  William 
Fleming  Octr  ipth  177^ 45 


45  Colonel  Fleming  was  left  in  command  of  the  camp  at 
Point  Pleasant,  with  the  care  of  the  wounded,  while  the  re 
mainder  of  the  troops  advanced  towards  the  Indian  towns. 
The  following  is  a  return  of  the  command  left  with  him  at 
the  Point. — ED. 


MILITIA  RETURNS 


4*9 


Comd  offiser 

non  Comd 

Rank  and  file 

" 

3 
ft 

•o 

a 
a 

5 

1 

1 

• 

e 

s 

O 

nfl 

a 

0 

C0 

U 

j 

& 

1 

h 
P 

fa 

0 
03 

§ 

i 

Capt  Harbert 

1 

i 

1 

6 

72 

, 

. 

29 

101 

Capt  Lockridge 

1 

i 

1 

6 

1 

60 

63 

123 

Capt  Slaughter 

1 

i 

1 

4 

38 

22 

60 

[Total] 

3 

3 

3 

16 

170 

114 

284 

[2ZZ35-] 

o/  the  Wounded  men  Now  on  my  List 
Octr.  23  1774 


Capt  Shelbey  Company 
John  Stuart 
Reece  Price 
John  Cormick 

Capt  Russell  Company 
John  Basdel 
William  Prince 

Cap*  Campbells  Company 
Thomas  Baker 


Arbuckle  Company 
John  McMullin 
David  Glascum 
John  Freeland 
William  Morris 


Capt  Lewis  Company 

Thos  Hoof  [Huff] 

Thorn8  Carpenter 
Capt  Loves  Company 

James  Alexander 

William  Franklin 
Capt  M°Kee  Company 

Stephen  Arnold 
Capt  Stuart  Company 

Charles  Kinson 

Thomas  Fourgeson 
Major  Robertson  Company 

Henry  Bowyer 
Capt  Herbert  Company 

James  Newell 


420 


DUNMORE'S    WAR 


[2ZZ22.] 

A  Morning   Return  of   the    Troops   Campt   at   Point 
Pleasant  Comvnanded  by  Colo.  Wm  Fleming 


Octr 


^74 


Comd 

non 

Rank  and 

03 

n 

offrs 

Comd 

file 

."§ 

as 

s 

Companies 

| 

1 

6 

00 

P 

^ 

•8 

JrL 

•2 

£ 

a 

I 

73 

a 

OB 

| 

| 

s 

.2 

M 

2 

73 

c 

0 

a 

0 

03 

,4 
? 

3 

C3 
CD 

.2 

3 

a 

a 

w 

1 

fc 

ft 

S 

OQ 

1 

£C 

cd 

c 

o 

<1 

a 
cc 

|        1 

Capt  Lockridge 

i 

i 

1 

6 

. 

1 

62 

6 

43 

10 

5 

2 

2 

1 

• 

181 

Capt  Herbert 

i 

2 

2 

6 

1 

63 

12 

20 

9 

5 

109 

Capt  Slaughter 

1 

I 

^ 

59 

^ 

7 

69 

Total 

3 

3 

4 

16 

1 

1 

184 

21 

70 

19 

5 

2 

2 

1 

5 

909 

[List  of  Hatred's  Men  from  the  McAfee  Papers.     I4ji28.]46 
.  Jos.  Harrod's  Party,  1774. 


William  Fields. 
William   Martin. 
David  Williams. 
James  Kerr. 
Silas  Harlan. 


James  Harrod. 
Azariah  Davis. 
Arthur  Campbell. 
William  Campbell. 
John  Cowan. 


f6This  list  was  sent  to  Dr.  Draper  October,  1886,  by  W.  D. 
Hixson  of  Maysville,  Ky.  These  were  the  pioneers  of  Har 
rod's  Kentucky  settlement,  in  the  spring  and  summer  of  1774. 
See  p.  108,  note  55,  ante.  After  they  came  in  to  the  Virginia 
settlements,  twenty-two  of  the  number  enlisted  under  Har 
rod,  and  joined  Colonel  Christian's  division  of  Fincastle 
troops  that  arrived  at  Point  Pleasant  after  the  battle.  Col 
lins,  History  of  Kentucky,  ii,  p.  517,  gives  a  list  that  differs 
somewhat  from  the  following. — ED. 


MISCELLANEOUS  PARTICIPANTS  421 

Joseph  Blackford.  John  Crow. 

Patrick  Doran.  Abraham  Chapline. 

James  Sanders.  Henry  Hogan. 

Davis   Glenn.  John  Smith. 

James  Wiley.  James  Brown. 

John  Shelp.  Azaria  Reese. 

James  Davis.  Martin  Stull. 

Elijah  Harlan.  William  Garrett 

William  Crow.        ,  John  Clark. 

William  Myres.  William  Venable. 
Jared  Cowan. 


OTHEB  PARTICIPANTS 


[Additional  names  of  those  mentioned  in  the  Draper  MSS. 
The  bracketed  references  are  the  library  press-marks  to 
documents  cited.] 

Dunmore's  Division 

L«wis  Bonnet  (2E8)  ;  Joseph  Bowman  (i4ji77,  196); 
Henry  and  James  Brinton  (3S  book  5,  20)  ;  Colman  Brown 
(I4ji;i);  John  Caldwell  (38,  book  2,  44);  William  Cald- 
well  (178235,  247);  George  Cox  (6ZZ7Q)  ;  Jacob  Drennon 
(i4jip6)  ;  Patrick  Haggerty  (i4jip9)  ;  John  Hardin,  Jr. 
(i4ji75);  Lieut.  John  Harrison  (3852);  Lieut.  William 
Heath  [Heth]  (I5JSS)  J  Silas  Hedges  (2E26)  ;  Leonard  Helm 
(i4jig6)  ;  Capt.  Peter  Helphinstone  (i4ji9g)  ;  Henry  Hoag- 

land  (3S7);  John  Hoffman  (I4J99) ;  Kirkendall  [Kuy- 

kendall]  (385)  ;  William  Linn  (37^24,  28,  book  6,  53)  ; 
Daniel  McNeill  (I5J55) ;  Captain  Mitchell  (14^199)  ;  John 
Moody  (385)  ;  Capt.  Daniel  Morgan  (385)  ;  William  Morris 
(i4j2o6)  ;  Samuel  Murphy  (385-17,  587)  ;  John  and  Joseph 
Neaville  (14)176)  ;  Peter  Parchment  (38,  book  2,  15)  ;  James 
Parsons  (14)171,  I5J55)  ;  Thomas  Ravenscroft  (583);  David 
Rogers  [Rodgers]  (9NNi3)  ;  Capt.  Hugh  Stephenson  (i4j 
199)  ;  James  Sullivan  (386,  587)  ;  Lieut.  James  Trabue 
(328,  book  3,  3)  ;  George  Vallendigham  (i4ji76)  ;  Samuel 
Wells  (385)  ;  John  and  Martin  Wetzel  (2E8)  ;  David  Will 
iamson  (15)123);  Benjamin  Wilson  (isJ97)  J  Capt.  James 
Wood  (14)178,  199)  ;  Ebenezer  Zane  (jZZiy). 


422  DUNMORE'S    WAR 


'Lewis's  Division 

John  Bailey  (38,  book  5,  50)  ;  James  Barnett  (37ji2g)  ; 
Jacob  Baugh  (1^203)  ;  Thomas  Bell  (30864)  ;  Alexander 
Breckinridge  (8ZZ5o)  ;  Low  Brown  (36Jii7,  I4J2O4)  ;  George 
Carr  (2DDi9o)  ;  William  Casey  (308135)  ;  Thomas  Collet 
(8ZZ;i);  John  Cutright  (8ZZ;i)  ;  Duncan  Guliion  (3:8^4); 
Samuel  Handley  (5XX43)  ;  Thomas  Hart  (8ZZ53)  ;  Benja 
min  Haynes  (38100)  ;  Edmond  Jennings  (3XXi8,  2DD287)  ; 
Andrew  Kishioner  and  father  (308156)  ;  John  McKinney 
(nCC69,  I3CCI37)  ;  Alexander  McNutt  (8ZZ35)  ;  Brice 
Martin  fcXXiS)  ;  Joseph  Mayse  [Maze]  (8CC59,  2ZZ48)  ; 
William  Moore  (3ZZ54,  8CC59)  ;  Jacob  Persinger  (3899)  ; 
Andrew  Reid  (3ZZ54)  ;  John  Steele  (3ZZss)  ;  Walter  Stew 
ard  (i4ji66);  John  Tipton  (5XX47)  ;  James  Trimble  (8ZZ 
13) ;  Jacob  Warwick  UZZ24,  8ZZ37)  ;  David  and  William 
White  (8ZZ7i);  William  Wilson  (i4ji66). 


Whites  among  Indians*1 

George  Collet  (8ZZ7i)  ;  Tavenor  Ross  (385-17,  587)  ;  John 
Ward  (9BB63). 


[Additional  names,  mentioned  in  the  following  secondary 
works:  (i)  De  Haas,  Indian  Wars  of  Western  Virginia 
(Wheeling  and  Philadelphia,  1851)  ;  (2)  Hale,  Trans- Alle 
gheny  Pioneers  (Cincinnati,  1886)  ;  (3)  Kercheval,  History  of 
Valley  of  Virginia  (2nd  ed.  Woodstock,  1850) ;  (4)  Lewis, 
History  of  West  Virginia  (Philadelphia,  1889)  ;  (5)  Peyton, 
History  of  Augusta  County,  Virginia  (Staunton,  Va.,  1882)  ; 
(6)  Price,  History  of  Pocahontas  County,  Virginia  (Marlins- 
burg,  1901)  ;  (7)  Stuart,  "Narrative  of  Indian  Wars,"  in  Vir 
ginia  Historical  Collections,  i  (Richmond,  1833) ;  (8)  Sum 
mers,  History  of  Southwest  Virginia  (Richmond,  1903)  ; 

(9)  Thwaites,  Withers' s  Border  Warfare  (Cincinnati,  1895)  ; 

(10)  Trans- Allegheny   Historical  Magazine;    (n)    Waddell, 
Annals  of  Augusta  County  (2nd  ed.  rev.,  Staunton,  Va.,  1902) ; 


47  These  were  whites  who  had  been  captured  by  Indians 
when  children,  and  had  grown  up  among  them.  Collet  was 
killed,  and  his  body  recognized  by  his  brother;  Ross  after 
wards  returned  to  the  settlements;  Ward  married  among  the 
Indians,  and  was  finally  killed  in  a  skirmish  with  a  party  of 
whites  led  by  his  own  brother,  James  Ward. — ED. 


MISCELLANEOUS  PARTICIPANTS 


423 


(12)  West  Virginia  Historical  Magazine;  (13)  MSS.  in  pos 
session  of  J.  T.  McAllister.]*8 

Lewis's  Division 

John  Arbtickle  (12 — Jan.,  1902). 
William  Arbtickle  (12 — Jan.,  1902). 
John  Bailey  (9,  12). 
Francis  Berry  (8). 

Blair  (2,  12 — Jan.,  1902). 

Moses  Bowen   (8). 
Rees  Bowen  (8). 

Burroughs  (12 — Apr.,  1904). 

Hugh  Cameron  (12 — Oct.,  1902). 
Robert  Campbell  (8). 

Capt.  William  Christian  (12 — Jan.,  1902). 

Clay  (9,  12). 

Alexander  Clendennin  (12 — July,  1904). 
Charles  Clendennin  (12 — Jan.,  1902). 
George  Clendennin   (2,  12 — Jan.,  1902). 
Robert  Clendennin   (12 — Jan.,  1902). 
William  Clendennin   (2,  4,  12 — Jan.,  1902). 
Leonard  Cooper  (12 — Jan.,  1902). 

Coward  (9,  12). 

Joseph   Crockett    (10 — Oct.,   1902;    12 — Oct.,   1902). 

Lieutenant  Dillon  (3,  5,  7,  9). 

Robert  Dunlap  (12— July,  1903). 

William  Ewing  (6).49 

William  Easthorn  (2,  12 — Jan.,  1902). 

James  Ellison  (3). 

George  Findley  (8). 

48  The  figures  placed  after  the  names,  indicate  in  which  of 
the  foregoing  publications  they  are  to  be  found.     In  the  prep 
aration  of  this  supplementary  list  of  participants,  the  Editors 
have  had  the  assistance  of  J.   T.   McAllister,   Esq.,  of   Hot 
Springs,  Va. — ED. 

49  A  letter  to  the  Editors,  dated  Mar.  15,  1905,  from  Hon. 
A.  E.  Ewing  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  gives  the  information 
that  William  Ewing,  his  great-grandfather,  was  a  settler  on 
Swago  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Greenbrier,  near  Buckeye,  Va., 
and  was  a  member  of  Arbuckle's  company.     This  rests,  our 
correspondent  states,  on  an  assured  family  tradition.    A  simi 
lar  tradition  represents  that  William   Ewing  was  one  of  the 
garrison  at  Point  Pleasant  when   Cornstalk  was  massacred, 
and  tried  to  prevent  the  deed.     Our  correspondent  states  that 
he  is  the  author  of  the  reference  here  cited,  in  Price,  History 
of  Pocahontas. — ED. 


424  DUNMORE'S    WAR 

Jeremiah  Friel  (6). 

Lieut.  George  Gibson  (13). 

John  Gilmore  (8). 

John  Grim  (9). 

James  Hamilton  (n). 

Philip  Hammond  (2,  12—  Jan.,  1902). 

John  Hayes  (n). 

Lieut.  John  Henderson  (12—  Jan     1002) 

—  Hickman   (i,  2,  8,  12). 

Ellis  Hughes  (2,  4,  6,  12). 

John  Jones  (12—  Oct.,  1903;  13). 

Charles  Kennison  (6). 

Edward  Kennison  (6)'. 

Simon  Ken  ton   (12—  Jan.,  1902). 

Samuel  Lewis  (i,  12). 

Thomas  Lewis  (i,  12). 

Ensign  Joseph  Long  (13). 

John  Lyle  (8,  11). 

William  McCune   (11). 

William  McCutcheon  (13). 

-  McFarland  (8). 

Edward  McLaughlin  (8). 

John  McNeel  (6). 

John  Moore  (8). 

Captain  Morrow  [Murray]   (2,  5,  9) 


n 

Alexander  Reed   (2,  12—  Jan.,  1902). 
Lieut.  William  Robertson   (13) 

-  Robison   (2,  7,  8). 
William  Saulsbury    (13) 
Capt.  William  Shelby  (4,  12-Jan,  1902). 
George  Slaughter  (12—  Oct.,  1902) 
Conrad  Smith  (8). 
William  Stephen   (12—  Apr.,  1904) 
John  Steward  (8). 
Lieut.  T.  Tate  (i2-Jan.,  1902). 

HimT?ate   (2'  4/  8<  9>  "'  I2~J*n,  1902) 
Robert  Thompson  (13). 

John  Trotter  (2,  12—  Jan.,  1902). 
Richard  Trotter   (12—  Jan.,  1902) 
Isaac  Van  Bibber  (12—  July,  1903) 
Jesse  Van  Bibber  (12—  July,  1903)  ' 
John  Van  Bibber  (2,  12—  Jan.,  1902). 
Peter  Van  Bibber  (2,  12-Jan,  1902). 
Andrew  Waggoner  (8). 
James  Welch  (2,  12—  Jan.,  1902). 
Bazaleel  Wells  (i,  4,  9,  12—  Jan.,  1902) 


FIELD  OFFICERS  425 


Dunmore's  Division 


S.  L.  Barret  (12— Apr.,  1904). 
Lieut.  Gabriel  Cox   (12 — Apr.,  1904). 
Joseph  Cresap  (12 — Apr.,  1904). 
William  Henshaw  (12 — Apr.,  1904): 
Captain  Johnson  (12 — Apr.,  1904). 
Capt.  Daniel  Scott   (12 — Apr.,  1904). 
Isaac  Williams  (12 — Jan.,  1902). 
Capt.  John  Wilson  (12 — Apr.,  1904). 


BIOGRAPHIES  OF   FIELD  OFFICERS 

DUNMORE 
[Abridged  from  account  by  Dr.  Draper.    3D  chap,  xiii.] 

John  Murray,  fourth  earl  of  Dunmore,  viscount  Fin- 
castle,  baron  of  Blair,  of  Monlin  and  of  Tillimet,  was 
born  in  Scotland  in  1732,  and  succeeded  to  the  earldom 
at  the  age  of  twenty-four.  In  1770  he  was  appointed 
governor  of  New  York,  two  years  later  being  trans 
ferred  to  Virginia — its  last  colonial  governor.  He 
was  soon  involved  in  disputes  with  the  house  of  bur 
gesses,  which  he  twice  dissolved  for  expressing  revo 
lutionary  sentiments.  His  vigorous  defense  of  the 
Western  frontier,  in  which  he  participated  personally, 
was  the  most  popular  event  of  his  administration. 

Early  in  1775,  having  removed  public  powder  to  a 
British  ship  of  war,  he  was  attacked  and  forced  to 
flee  to  the  vessel,  whence  he  carried  on  petty  warfare 
along-  the  coast,  and  fired  Norfolk  (1776).  In  July 
of  that  year,  a  brisk  engagement  occurred  at  Gwynn's 
Island,  in  which  Dunmore  was  defeated  by  Gen.  An- 


426  DUN  MORE' S    WAR 

drew  Lewis.  Shortly  afterwards,  he  retired  to  Great 
Britain ;  his  later  public  service  consisted  of  the  gov 
ernorship  of  the  Bahamas  (1787-97).  He  died 
March  5,  1809.  Dunmore  was  a  short,  sturdy  Scotch 
man,  who  during  the  campaign  of  1774  shared  its 
hardships  with  the  privates,  marching  on  foot  and  car 
rying  his  own  knapsack. 


ANDREW  LEWIS 

[Abridged  from  account  by  Dr.  Draper.    3D  chap,  xvii ; 
21119-39] 

Andrew  was  the  third  son  of  John  Lewis,  who  fled 
from  Ireland  after  a  dispute  with  his  landlord,  and 
became  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Augusta  County. 
Born  in  Ireland,  Oct.  9,  1720,  Andrew  Lewis's  early 
life  on  the  frontier  fitted  him  for  Indian  warfare,  and 
by  1742  he  was  appointed  captain  of  militia,  and  ten 
years  later  colonel  for  his  county.  Upon  the  threat 
ened  outbreak  of  hostilities  with  the  French  (1754), 
Lewis  enrolled  a  company  and  joined  Maj.  George 
Washington,  being  wounded  at  Fort  Necessity.  Early 
the  following  year  he  was  sent  with  his  rangers  to 
build  border  forts,  thus  did  not  join  Braddock's  expe 
dition.  In  1756  he  was  detailed  as  major  upon  the 
disastrous  Sandy  Creek  expedition,  and  was  officer  in 
Forbes's  army  (1758).  Therein,  he  made  part  of 
Grant's  detachment,  so  signally  defeated  Sept.  14,  and 
after  surrendering  to  a  French  officer  was  with  diffi 
culty  rescued  from  savage  fury.  After  a  brief  im 
prisonment  at  Montreal,  he  was  exchanged  in  time  to 
command  a  foray  against  the  Cherokee,  seeing  active 


FIELD  OFFICERS  427 

service  until  the  disbandment  of  the  regiment  in  1762. 

The  next  year  he  was  appointed  county-lieutenant 
for  Augusta,  and  equipped  for  Bouquet's  campaign  a 
regiment  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  riflemen,  in  which 
John  Field,  Charles  Lewis,  Alexander  McClanaghan, 
and  Thomas  Buford,  all  with  Lewis  at  Point  Pleasant, 
were  among  the  officers.  Appointed  Virginia  com 
missioner  by  the  governor,  he  treated  with  the  Indians 
at  Fort  Stanwix  (1768)  and  Lochaber  (1770).  This 
latter  year  he  removed  to  the  neighborhood  of  Salem, 
in  Botetourt  County,  of  which  he  was  chosen  lieuten 
ant,  president  of  the  board  of  justice,  and  coroner. 
At  the  assembly  in  1774,  the  danger  of  an  Indian  war 
was  discussed,  and  measures  concerted  which  led  to 
the  campaign  resulting  in  the  victory  at  Point  Pleas 
ant.  Lewis  was  somewhat  unpopular,  because  of  his 
reserved  manners  and  strict  discipline,  and  unfounded 
derogatory  reports  were  circulated,  because  in  the  bat 
tle  he  did  not  lead  his  troops  in  person.  Washington, 
however,  testified  his  appreciation  of  his  military  tal 
ents,  by  urging  his  appointment  as  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  continental  army  (1775).  Chosen  briga 
dier-general,  his  Revolutionary  services  were  wholly 
within  the  limits  of  Virginia,  whence  he  drove  Lord 
Dunmore  in  1776. 

The  following  year  he  resigned  his  commission,  but 
continued  to  render  public  service,  managing  an  Indian 
treaty  at  Fort  Pitt  (1778)  ;  and  while  a  member  of  the 
assembly  acting  on  the  council  of  state.  Returning 
homeward  from  the  capital,  he  died  upon  his  journey 
Sept.  25,  1781.  General  Lewis  was  tall,  of  command 
ing  personality,  with  a  full  face  and  dark  brown  eyes. 


428  DUNMOR&S    WAR 

His  manners  were  austere,  but  his  judgment  was  es 
teemed  by  his  equals  and  superiors.  Virginia  has 
shown  recognition  of  his  eminence  by  placing  his  statue 
upon  the  Washington  monument  in  the  public  square 
at  Richmond. 

WILLIAM  FLEMING 

[Abridged  from  account  by  Dr.  Draper.    3D  chap,  xvii; 


William  Fleming  was  born  of  English  ancestry  in 
Jedborough,  Scotland,  Feb.  18,  1729.  His  education 
was  both  classical  and  scientific.  Graduating  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Edin 
burgh,  he  entered  the  navy  as  a  surgeon,  seeing  active 
service  and  being  imprisoned  in  Spain. 

Arriving  in  America  soon  after  Braddock's  defeat, 
he  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Dinwiddie  as  en 
sign  in  Washington's  regiment,  wherein  he  also  served 
as  surgeon.  On  Forbes's  campaign  he  was  lieutenant, 
afterwards  visiting  the  southern  frontier  on  the  Cher 
okee  expedition  of  1760-61.  The  next  year,  as  cap 
tain  in  Col.  Adam  Stephen's  regiment,  he  commanded 
both  at  Vaux's  and  Stalnaker's  frontier  forts. 

In  1763,  Captain  Fleming  married  Anne  Christian, 
and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Augusta  County,  removing  in 
1768  to  a  plantation  named  "Belmont,"  near  the  mod 
ern  Christianburg,  Montgomery  County.  As  colonel 
of  the  Botetourt  militia,  he  led  its  regiment  to  Point 
Pleasant  —  Colonel  Lewis,  the  county-lieutenant,  hold 
ing  the  command  of  the  division. 

Wounds  received  at  Point  Pleasant  disabled  Flem 
ing  for  active  Revolutionary  service,  but  as  county- 


FIELD  OFFICERS 


429 


lieutenant  He  was  concerned  with  frontier  defense,  was 
state  senator  for  two  successive  years,  and  served  on 
the  privy  council  in  1780-81.  While  in  the  latter  of 
fice,  he  was  for  some  months  acting  governor,  provid 
ing  against  Cornwallis's  invasion  of  1781.  Twice  he 
served  as  commissioner  to  settle  land-titles  and  public 
accounts  in  Kentucky  (1779,  1782-83),  where  a  county 
was  named  in  his  honor.  Chosen  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  ratifying  convention  for  the  federal  constitution 
(1788),  he  voted  for  the  instrument,  with  qualifying 
amendments.  An  interesting  letter  in  Draper  MSS. 
(5ZZ83)  is  significant  of  his  attitude  and  that  of  most 
Westerners  at  this  critical  time.  His  death,  Aug.  24, 
1795,  was  the  result  of  the  wounds  received  at  Point 
Pleasant.  Fleming  was  a  man  of  benevolent  charac 
ter,  much  beloved  by  his  contemporaries,  and  his  serv 
ices  as  surgeon  and  phyiscian  were  valuable.  For  an 
extended  notice  of  him,  from  original  sources,  see 
Brock,  "Virginia  Convention  of  1788,"  in  Va.  Hist. 
Colls.,  new  series,  xi,  pp.  42-51. 

WIUJAM  CHRISTIAN 

The  Christians  Were  a  Manx  family  settled  in  Ire 
land,  whence  Israel  migrated  to  America  in  1740,  set 
tling  near  Staunton,  Virginia,  where  his  son  William 
was  born  in  1742.  When  in  his  twentieth  year,  Will 
iam  commanded  a  company  on  Byrd's  Cherokee  expe 
dition;  and  again,  in  1764,  headed  a  militia  company 
wherein  Henry  Pauling  and  Walter  Crockett  were 
his  subordinates. 

Removing  first  to  Botetourt,  then  to  Fincastle 
County,  Christian  established  his  home  at  Dunkard 


430  DUNM ORE'S    WAR 

Bottom,  on  New  River,  whence  he  was  called  to  rep 
resent  his  county  in  the  Virginia  assembly  of  1774. 
In  Colonel  Preston's  enforced  absence,  he  commanded 
the  Fincastle  regiment  during  Dunmore's  war,  arriv 
ing  at  Point  Pleasant  at  midnight,  after  the  victory 
had  been  won. 

In  1775,  Christian  acted  on  the  Fincastle  committee 
of  safety,  and  the  following  year  was  chosen  second 
in  command  of  Patrick  Henry's  continental  regiment. 
Upon  hearing  of  the  danger  from  the  Cherokee,  how 
ever,  he  resigned  his  commission,  and  enrolled  an 
expedition  of  seventeen  hundred  men  to  advance  to  the 
Cherokee  towns  (1776),  which  were  burned,  and  the 
savage  uprising  quelled.  In  1781,  Christian  acted  as 
one  of  the  commissioners  who  concluded  a  lasting 
peace  with  this  tribe. 

Early  in  1785,  he  removed  to  the  neighborhood  of 
Louisville,  Ky.,  where  his  advent  was  eagerly  wel 
comed  by  the  harassed  frontier.  He  did  not  live  to 
secure  its  permanent  peace,  being  mortally  wounded 
by  a  party  of  marauding  Indians,  Apr.  9,  1786.  His 
widow,  sister  of  Patrick  Henry,  and  six  children,  sur 
vived  him.  His  only  son  John  died  while  a  youth ;  all 
of  his  daughters  married  Kentuckians. 


WILLIAM  PRESTON 

[Abridged  from  account  by  Dr.  Draper.    sBx;  2iUi20.] 

William  Preston,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Patton 
Preston,  was  born  on  Christmas,  1729,  in  the  north  of 
Ireland.  While  still  a  child  he  emigrated  with  his 
parents  to  Augusta  County,  Virginia,  where  he  was 


FIELD  OFFICERS  431 

educated  under  the  care  of  a  Presbyterian  clergyman, 
John  Craig.  His  father  having  died  when  William 
was  seventeen,  his  maternal  uncle,  Col.  James  Patton, 
became  his  guardian,  and  appointed  him  secretary  to 
the  treaty-commissioners  at  Logstown  (1752).  Dur 
ing  the  French  and  Indian  War,  he  led  a  party  of 
rangers,  serving  on  the  Sandy  Creek  expedition 
(1756).  He  was  deputy  surveyor,  magistrate,  and 
sheriff  for  his  county,  until  1767,  when  he  removed 
to  Fincastle,  Botetourt  County,  where  he  held  similar 
offices  of  public  importance.  Migrating  to  Draper's 
Meadows  (Smithfield),  in  Fincastle  County  (1773), 
he  was  commissioned  county-lieutenant,  and  took 
charge  of  the  defense  of  its  extended  frontier.  De 
tained  by  family  reasons  from  the  Point  Pleasant 
expedition,  his  services  were  nevertheless  equally  im 
portant  with  those  of  the  acting  officers. 

During  the  Revolution  he  continued  to  watch  the 
frontier,  defeating  a  Loyalist  plot  in  1780,  and  send 
ing  efficient  aid  to  the  King's  Mountain  expedition. 
The  following  year  he  took  the  field  in  person,  lead 
ing  his  regiment  at  Whitsell's  Mills,  Mar.  6,  1781, 
where  his  life  was  saved  by  his  friend  and  neighbor, 
Joseph  Cloyd.  He  died  at  a  regimental  muster  near 
his  home,  June  28,  1783.  A  tall,  finely-proportioned 
man,  with  fair  hair  and  blue  eyes,  his  manners  were 
easy  and  graceful,  and  his  intellect  strong  and  well- 
cultivated.  He  left  eleven  children,  from  whom  de 
scended  many  men  of  prominence  in  American  history. 


433  DUNMORE'S    WAR 

CORNSTALK 

[Abridged   from  account  by  Dr.   Draper.    3Dxviii.] 

The  Indian  name  of  Cornstalk  was  Keigh-tugh-qua, 
signifying  a  blade  (or  stalk)  of  the  maize  plant. 
Born  in  the  Scioto  towns  of  the  Shawnee,  his  earliest 
recorded  foray  was  that  against  Carr's  Creek  (1759), 
in  what  is  now  Rockbridge  County.  Pursuing  fron 
tiersmen  rescued  the  prisoners,  and  recovered  consid 
erable  booty.  Again,  in  Pontiac's  War,  Cornstalk  led 
a  marauding  party  into  the  same  neighborhood. 
Coming  in  the  guise  of  friendship,  the  settlers  at 
Muddy  Creek  in  Greenbrier  were  first  attacked;  then 
the  Clendennins,  near  Lewisburg — the  party  penetrat 
ing  with  fatal  effect  as  far  as  Jackson's  River  and 
Carr's  Creek. 

Cornstalk  was  one  of  the  hostages  exacted  by  Bou 
quet  in  1764,  but  escaped  from  Fort  Pitt  the  following 
year.  Nothing  more  is  known  of  him  until  the  open 
ing  of  Dunmore's  War,  wherein,  after  failing  to  dis 
suade  his  tribesmen  from  joining  battle,  he  led  the 
native  forces  with  vigor  and  audacity.  After  his 
treaty  with  Lord  Dunmore,  the  chief  proved  his  de 
sire  to  maintain  peace  by  frequent  visits  to  Fort  Ran 
dolph  to  restore  stolen  horses,  and  to  renew  friendship 
with  the  whites.  It  was  in  the  capacity  of  mediator 
that  he  came  thither  in  the  autumn  of  1777,  when, 
detained  as  a  hostage,  he  with  his  son  and  two  com 
panions  was  murdered  by  mutinous  troops,  whose 
officers  tried  in  vain  to  prevent  the  outrage.  In  the 
excited  state  of  public  feeling,  it  was  impossible  to  con 
vict  the  perpetrators  of  this  deed,  although  Preston 


CONTEMPORARY   VERSE  433 

and  Fleming-  made  efforts  in  this  direction,  and  at 
tempted  to  pacify  the  Shawnee  "on  behalf  of  all  the 
good  people  of  Virginia"  (Draper  MSS.,  2ZZ44). 

Cornstalk  was  a  large  man,  of  commanding  appear 
ance,  oratorical  ability,  and  intellectual  grasp.  At 
Camp  Charlotte,  it  was  reported,  "When  he  arose,  he 
was  in  nowise  confused  or  daunted,  but  spoke  with  dis 
tinct,  audible  voice,  without  stammering  or  repetition 
and  with  peculiar  emphasis.  His  look  while  address 
ing  Dunmore  were  truly  grand  and  majestic,  yet 
graceful  and  attractive."  A  monument  to  the  chief 
has  been  erected  in  the  court-house  yard,  of  Point 
Pleasant. 


CONTEMPOBABY  VEBSEso 

[28,  book  4,  6Ci7;  aXXiS.]  « 

Brave  Lewis  our  Colonel,  an  officer  bold, 

At  the  mouth  of  Kanhawa  did  the  Shawnees  behold. 

On  the  tenth  of  October,  at  the  rising  sun 

The  armies  did  meet  and  the  battle  begun. 


50  The  following  collection  of  popular  verse  was  culled  by 
Dr.  Draper  from  the  memory-stores  of  several  pioneers  whom 
he  visited  during  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth  century.     In 
our  editing,  no  liberties  have  been  taken   with  Dr.   Draper's 
versions,  save  where  there  are  variants ;  in  such  cases  the  best 
has  been  chosen.     Compare  with  the  following  four  fragments 
of  verse,  that  found  in  Newell's  Journal,  pp.  361,  362,  ante. 
The  latter  appears  to  be  a  camp-song,  written  to  inspirit  the 
loyalty  and  zeal  of  the  army.     The  following  are  more  in  the 
nature  of  poetic  chronicles,  devised  to  perpetuate  the  battle, 
its  participants,  and  the  heroic  deeds  which  it  invoked. — ED. 

51  The  following  appears  to  have  been  the  most  popular  of 
the  songs,  for  there  are  three  more  or  less  complete  versions 
among  the  Draper  MSS.,  and  one  or  two  odd  verses,  connected 
with  especial  names.     The  first  was  received  by  Dr.  Draper  in 
1845,  from  Mrs.  Lydia  Cruger  (born  1766),  daughter  of  Capt. 

28 


434 


DUNM  ORE'S    WAR 


One  thousand,  one  hundred  we  had  on  Ohio, 
Two  thirds  of  this  number  to  the  battle  did  go, 
The  Shawnees  nine  hundred,  some  say  many  more, 
We  formed  our  battle  on  the  Ohio  shore. 

Like  thunder  from  heaven  our  rifles  did  roar, 

Till  twelve  of  the  clock,  or  perhaps   something  more, 

And  during  this  time  the  Shawnees  did  fly, 

Whilst  many  a  brave  man  on  the  ground  there  did  lie. 

From  twelve  until  sunset  some  shots  there  did  fly, 
By  this  kind  of  fighting  great  numbers  did  die, 
But  night  coming  on,  the  poor  Shawnees  did  yield, 
Being  no  longer  able  to  maintain  the  field. 

Forty  brave  men  on  the  ground  there  did  lie, 

Besides  forty  more  of  our  wounded  did  die, 

Killed  and  wounded  on  the  Ohio  shore, 

Was  one  hundred  and  forty  and  perhaps  something  more. 

What  the  Shawnees  did  lose  we  never  did  hear, 

The  bodies  of  twenty  did  only  appear. 

Into  the  Ohio  the  rest  they  did  throw, 

The  just  number  of  which  we  never  did  know. 

Charles  Lewis  our  Colonel  was  the  first  in  the  field, 

He  received  a  ball  but  his  life  did  not  yield, 

In  the  pursuit  of  honor  he  did  animate, 

All  those  that  fought  near  him  or  on  him  did  wait. 

George  Fleming  was  a  Colonel,  courageous  and  bold, 

He  had  been  a  hero,  a  hero  of  old ; 

He  received  three  balls  but  did  not  expire, 

He  animated  his  men  and  to  camp  did  retire. 


John  Boggs,  living  near  Wheeling.  For  a  sketch  of  this  inter 
esting  person  (with  portrait),  see  West  Va.  Hist.  Mag.,  July, 
1903;  another  version  was  obtained  in  October,  1844,  from 
Mrs.  Tabitha  Moore,  daughter  of  William  Bowen,  at  Round 
Lick,  near  Rome,  Tenn. ;  the  third  was  included  in-  a  letter 
to  Dr.  Draper,  dated  Dixon's  Springs,  Tenn.,  May  13,  1843, 
from  Col.  William  Martin,  son  of  Col.  Joseph  Martin.  The 
version  we  present,  is  a  conglomerate  of  the  three. — ED. 


CONTEMPORARY   VERSE  435 


Brave  Fields  was  a  Colonel,  courageous  and  bold, 
Who  had  been  a  hero — a  hero  of  old; 
He  received  a  ball  and  but  these  words  said, 
"Fight  on  brother  soldiers  and  don't  be  dismayed."52 

There  was  good  Captain  Buford  and  old  Captain  Ward, 
They  were  both  in  the  battle  and  fought  very  hard, 
They  fought  like  two  heroes,  and  like  heroes  did  die, 
And  in  a  short  time  on  the  ground  there  did  lie. 

Of  commanders  and  subalterns  great  many  did  die, 
And  like  our  brave  Captains,  on  the  ground  there  did  lie. 
There  was  Goldman  and  Allen  and  a  great  many  more, 
Had  the  honor  of  dying  on  the  Ohio  shore. 

There  was  Capt.  John  Murray,  and  McClanahan, 
They  were  both  in  the  field  when  the  battle  was  begun, 
They  fought  like  two  heroes,  and  like  heroes  did  die, 
And  in  a  short  time  on  the  ground  they  did  lie.53 

There's  cowardly  Haynes,  I  am  sorry  for  him 
His  valiant  Lieutenant  commanded  his  men 
While  he  poor  soul  in  the  brush  work  did  lie 
Like  a  rogue  in  a  halter,  condemned  to  die. 

And  old  Andrew  Lewis,  in  his  tent  he  did  set 

With  his  cowards  around  him,  alas  he  did  sweat 

His  blankets  spread  over  him,  and  hearing  the  guns  roar, 

Saying  was  I  at  home,  I  would  come  here  no  more. 

There  was  Slaughter  and  Christie  both  valiant  and  kind, 
Waiting  for  provisions,  their  command  was  behind, 
The  day  of  the  battle  they  heard  of  the  fight, 
They  made  a  long  march  and  joined  us  that  night. 

The  chief  of  the  Shawnees  and  Mingoes  so  poor, 
Declared  with  us  they  would  never  fight  more, 
Those  words  to  confirm,  did  each  hostages  give 
That  they  and  their  wives  and  children  might  live. 


52  There  is  some  confusion  about  the  last  two  stanzas,  taken 
from  different  versions,  and  due  to  failure  of  memory  on  the 
part  of  the  probably  aged  narrators.  Fleming's  name  was 
William,  not  George. — ED. 

53 Another  version  gives  the  first  two  lines  as  follows: 
"Wilson,  Murray  and  McClanahan 
Were  all  in  the  field  when  the  battle  began." — ED. 


436 


DVNMORE'S    WAR 


Ye  daughters  ar      sons  of  Virginia  incline 
Your  ears  to  a  story  of  \voe ; 
I  sing  of  a  time  when  your  fathers  and  mine 
Fought  for  us  on  the  Ohio. 

In  seventeen  hundred  and  seventy  four, 
The  month  of  October,  we  know, 
An  army  of  Indians,  two  thousand  or  more, 
Encamped  on  the  Ohio. 

The  Shawnees,  Wyandottes  and  Delawares,  too, 
As  well  as  the  tribes  of  Mingoe, 
Invaded  our  lands,  and  our  citizens  slew, 
On  the  south  of  the  Ohio. 

Andrew  Lewis  the  gallant,  and  Charley  the  brave, 
With  Matthews  and  Fleming  also, 
Collected  an  army,  our  country  to  save, 
On  the  banks  of  the  Ohio. 

With  Christian,  and  Shelby,  and  Elliot,  and  Paul, 
And  Stuart  and  Arbuckle  and  Crow 
And  soldiers  one  thousand  and  ninety  in  all 
They  marched  to  the  Ohio. 

These  sons  of  the  mountains  renowned  of  old 
All  volunteered  freely  to  go 
And  conquer  their  foeman  like  patriots  bold, 
Or  fall  by  the  Ohio. 

They  marched  thro'  the  untrodden  wilds  of  the  west, 
O'er  mountains  and  rivers  also, 
And  pitched,  at  Point  Pleasant,  their  bodies  to  rest, 
On  the  banks  of  the  Ohio. 

The  Army  of  Indians,  in  Battle  array, 
Under  Cornstalk  and  Elnipsicow, 
Was  met  by  the  forces  of  Lewis  that  day, 
On  the  Banks  of  the  Ohio. 


54  The  following  was  sent  Dr.  Draper  by  Charles  H.  Lewis, 
in  a  letter  dated  Staunton,  Va.,  Aug.  31,  1845.  He  says,  "I 
send  you  a  copy  of  the  song  found  on  one  of  the  lids  of  my 
grandmother's  Bible." — ED. 


CONTEMPORARY   VERSE  437 

They  brought  on  the  battle  at  breaking  of  day, 
Like  heroes  they  slaughtered  the  foe, 
Till  two  hundred  Indians  or  more,  as  they  say, 
Were  slain  by  the  Ohio. 

The  Army  of  Indians  were  routed,  and  fled, 
Our  heroes  pursued  the  foe, 
While  seventy  soldiers  and  Charley  lay  dead, 
On  the  banks  of  the  Ohio. 

The  brave  Colonel  Fields  and  the  gallant  Buford 
Captains  Wilson  and  Murray  also, 
And  Allen,  MC  Clenahan,  Goldsby  and  Ward, 
Were  slain  by  the  Ohio. 

Col.  Fleming,  and  Matthews,  and  Shelby,  and  Moore, 
And  Elliot,  and  Dillon,  also, 
And  soldiers  one  hundred  and  thirty  and  four 
Were  wounded  by  the  Ohio. 

Farewell,  Colonel  Lewis,  till  pity's  sweet  fountains 
Are  dried  in  the  hearts  of  the  fair  and  the  Brave, 
Virginia  shall  weep  for  her  Chief  of  the  mountains 
And  mourn  for  the  heroes  who  sleep  by  his  grave. 

As  Israel  mourned  for  Moses  of  old, 

In  the  valley  of  Moab  by  Nebow 

We'll  mourn  for  Charles  Lewis  the  hero  so  bold, 

Who  fell  by  the  Ohio. 

As  Israel  did  mourn  and  her  daughters  did  weep, 
For  Saul  and  his  host  on  Gilbow 
We'll  mourn  Colonel  Fields  and  the  heroes  who  sleep 
On  the  banks  of  the  Ohio. 


[3XXi8.ps 

The  tenth  day  of  October,  the  morning  being  clear 
We  spied  a  savage  army  which  was  approaching  near, 
With  full  intent  they  marched  along,  the  white  men  all  to  slay, 
But  indeed  they  were  mistaken,  for  we  did  gain  the  day. 


55  Sent  to  Dr.  Draper  by  Col.  William  Martin,  in  a  letter 
dated  May  13,  1843,  at  Dixon's  Springs,  Tenn. — ED. 


438  DUNMORE'S    WAR 

It  was  by  God's  kind  providence,  that  or-der-ed  it  so, 
That  Robertson  that  morning,  a  hunting  he  did  go, 
Before  that  he  had  walk-ed  far,  a  savage  army  spied 
Which  drove  him  to  the  camp  again,  "there's  Indians  boys  he 
cried. 

Come  now  brave  boys"  he  boldly  said,  "to  meet  them  let  us  go, 
For  fear  these  cruel  savages,  give  us  a  fatal  blow, 
And  we  must  ne'r  give  way  to  them,  whilst  we  remain  alive 
Or  else  into  the  River,  they  surely  will  us  drive." 

Then  marched  out  three  hundred  men,  with  courage  stout  and 

bold, 

Commanded  by  Charles  Lewis,  who  ne'r  could  be  controll'd. 
He  was  as  bold  a  warrior,  as  ever  fired  a  gun 
We  soon  did  meet  the  savages,  and  then  began  the  fun. 

The  Indians  they  kept  bawling,  as  loud  as  they  could  strain 
Thinking  upon  that  morning,  the  battle  they  would  gain, 
That  thejr  would  kill  and  scaln  us  all,  and  do  the  thing  so  neat, 
And  in  the  Camp  that  morning,  their  breakfast  they  woul^i 
eat. 

From  morning  until  evening,  the  guns  kept  constant  fire, 
We  gave  the  Indians  something  more  than  what  they  did  de* 

sire, 

We  like  unto  bold  heroes,  victoriously  did  shine 
We  put  the  Indians  to  the  route,  and  stopped  their  bad  de 
sign. 

The  battle  being  over,  the  Indians  they  did  say 

All  this  is  but  a  trifle,  that  we  have  seen  today. 

But  this  was  their  impertinence,  their  very  best  had  done, 

They  saw  their  own  destruction,  the  battle  being  won. 

Our  Royal  Governor  Dunnmore,  he  being  of  high  renown 
With  fifteen  hundred  jovial  men,  he  marched  towards  their 

town 

With  a  full  resolution,  to  slay  both  old  and  young 
For  all  the  barbarous  actions,  the  savages  had  done 

The  Indians  with  aching  hearts,  on  bended  knees  did  fall 
And  for  his  Lordship's  mercy,  so  loudly  they  did  call 
His  Lordship  with  compassion,  forgave  them  from  that  day, 
If  all  the  costs  and  charges  amongst  them  they  would  pay. 


CONTEMPORARY   VERSE  439 


Now  bless  our  bold  commander,  Charles  Lewis  by  name 
He  has  been  slain  in  battle,  but  we'l  record  his  fame 
He  was  as  noble  a  warrior  as  ever  fired  a  gun, 
Success  to  Old  Virginia,  and  thus  concludes  my  song. 


U6JI4-]57 

Mark  well  the  10  day  of  October  which 
causes  woo  the  Indian  savages  the[y] 
Cover  the  pleasant  Banks  of  the  Ohio 

Judgment  Calls  to  execution  let 
faim  throughout  all  Nation  goe  ouer 
heroes  fout  with  Reslution  on 
the  plasant  bankes  of  the  Ohio 

Brave  Charles  Lewis  and  som  nobal 
Captains  down  to  death  the[y]  did  go  allsfo] 
there  h[e]ads  is  bound  with  naptkins 
benath  the  plasant  Banks  of  the  Ohio 

much  honar  to  this  Valiant  numbr 
of  Champains  that  did  face  there  foose 
Augusta  weeping  for  those  that  slumbr 
Beneath  the  plasant  banks  of  the  Ohio 

Kings  laments  that  dredfull  falling 
on  the  mountang  of  gillboah  so  Shall 
we  weep  for  brav  Hugh  allan 
farre  from  the  banks  of  the  Ohio 


56  Colonel  Martin  states  that  there  were  one  or  two  stanzas 
here,  that  he  could  not  recollect. — ED. 

57  The  following  fragment  was  found  among  the  papers  of 
Capt.  Thomas  Madison.     On  the  reverse  is  written    :  "Robert 
Elliott  His  Orderly  Book    Camp  at  Valley  Forge  JanJ.  29^. 

."— ED. 


INDEX 


ABINGDON  (Va.),  78,  81,  111, 
232. 

Able,   Jeremiah,   402. 

Adair,    James,    106. 

Adams,  George,  letter  by,  227, 
228. 

,  John,  40O. 

,  Samuel,  207. 

Adkins,   Parker,   398. 

,  Willinton,  398. 

Agnew    (Aggnue),  John,  411. 

Alden,  George,  "New  Government 
West  of  the  Alleghenies  before 
1780,'  370. 

,  Andrew,  406. 

Alexander,  James,  405;  sergeant, 
407,  419. 

Alexandria    (Va.),  274,  317. 

Allen,  — ,   126,  127,  181. 

,  Hugh,  lieut.,  killed,  276, 

280,  288,  289,  296,  339,  343, 
346,  355,  435,  437,  439; 
sketch,  276. 

,  Hugh,   Jr.,  276.  , 

,  James,  339. 

,  John,  276. 

,  William,  276. 

Alley,   Thomas,   94. 

Alsbury,    Thomas,    drummer,   408. 

AIsup,  John,  106,   189,  235. 

Ambrosia    (W.   Va.),  357. 

American  Archives,  8,  12,  33, 
36,  37,  56,  67,  74,  86,  97,  114, 
127,  131,  133,  134,  151,  155, 
161,  193,  203,  208,  241,  270, 
273,  302,  307,  310,  311,  340, 
368,  374-376,  383,  387,  390, 


395  ;  Historical  Magazine,  107  ; 
Historical  Review,  370 ;  Pio 
neer,  131,  208,  246,  306,  374. 

Amherst,   Gen.   Jeffrey,   393. 

Ammunition,  3O,  45,  49,  50,  57, 
58,  64,  72,  73,  76,  77,  80,  90- 
92,  96,  99,  100,  105,  110,  144, 
149,  173,  174,  192,  193,  195, 
205,  210,  (216,  219,  227,  228, 
233,  235,  237,  241,  245,  252, 
298,  313,  314,  316,  318,  319, 
323,  328,  329,  334,  337,  339, 
341,  345,  349,  350.  361,  398. 

Andastes.     See  Mingo  Indians. 

Anderson,  — ,  29,   244,  245,   359. 

,  Andrew,    137. 

,  James,   402. 

,  Job,   244. 

,  John,  pioneer,  137 ;  en 
sign,  137,  148:  sketch,  137. 

Andrews,    Samuel,   407. 

Anvil   Cliff    (Va.),    HI. 

Arbuckle,   John,   423. 

,  Capt.  Matthew.  103,  112r 

190,  274,  276,  2S2,  310.  314, 
315,  330,  332,  334.  415-419, 
423,  486 ;  sketch,  108. 

,  Gen.   Matthew,  Jr.,  104. 

,  William.   423. 

Ard,   James,    409. 

Armstrong,  — ,  ensign,  251. 

,  George,  412. 

: ,  Col.      Martin,    sketch,    221, 


222. 

,  Thomas,    407 

,  William,    407. 

Arnold,   Gen.   Benedict,  223. 


442 


INDEX 


Arnold,  James,  406. 

,  Stephen,  406,  419. 

Arthur,  John,  408. 
Astle,  Samuel,  397. 
Atkins,  Blackburn,  94. 

— ,  Charles,    397. 
,   Henry,   200,   397. 

— ,   William,   99. 
Augusta      (Va.),     73,     160,    339, 

439. 

BABBITT,   Ishmael,  397. 
Bailey,  John,  422,  423. 
Baily,  Campbell,  399. 
Baker,  — ,  15,  16,  18,  378. 

— ,   Martin,     411. 

— ,  Samuel,  ensign,  killed,  296, 

411. 

,  Thomas,    165,   419. 

Baker's     Bottom      (Ohio    River), 

17. 

Bambrige,  James,  406. 
Baret,   Edward,   411. 
Barkly,  John,  406. 
Barnes,  — ,   188. 
Barnett,  James,  165,  422. 
Barret,   S.   L.,  425. 
Barton,  Samuel,  408. 
Basdel,  John,  419. 
Bates,   — ,  135. 
Batson,    Mordecai,    111. 
Baugh,  Jacob.  422. 
Baylstone,  William,  229. 
Bedford    (Pa.),  29. 
Bell,  James,  pioneer,  63. 

,  John,    172. 

,  Thomas,   399,   422. 

Bell's   Meadows    (Va,),   63. 
Bellew,  David,   canoe-man,  411. 
"Belmont"    Fleming's   Estate,  181, 

182,  254,   428. 

Bergman,  Christian,  396,  404. 
Berkeley    (Va.),   191. 
Berry,   Francis,  423. 
Bickley,    George   W.    L.,    Tasewell 

County,    234. 
Biddle,   — ,   240. 
Big  Bone  Lick    (Ky.),  Ill,  121. 


Big  Cove   (Pa.),  68. 

Big   Grave,"   Indian   Mound,   36. 
Big   Levels,    195,    181,    281.      See 

also   Levels  of  Greenbrier,   and 

Camp   Union. 
Big   Lick    (Va.),   41,   178. 
Bigelow,  John,  Franklin's  Works, 

368,  370. 

Billey,   Cherokee   Indian,   38,  39. 
Bird,  Col.  Henry,  388. 
Biscoe,  Dr.  — ,  309. 
Bishop,  Levi,  403. 
Blackburn,  — ,  133. 

— ,  Arthur,  412. 


Blackford,  Joseph,  421. 
Black  Hoof,  a  chief,  347. 
Blackmore,     John,     85,     88,     238, 

305,      309.        See      also,      Fort 

Blackmore. 
Blair,   — ,   423. 

,  Daniel,  406. 

,  William,   scout,   352. 

Blankenship,   Richard,   200,    201. 
Bledsoe,    Abraham,    ensign,    148; 

letter  by,   221-224. 
,  Capt.    Anthony,    106,    148, 

165,  166,  168,  171,  226  :  letters 

by,  169,  260,   261;  sketch,  106. 

,  Isaac,   148. 

Bledsoe's  Lick    (Va.),  106. 
Blesly,   Jacob,   400. 
,  John,   400. 


Blue  Jacket,  a  chief,  347. 

Blue   Licks    (Ky.),    4,    82;   battle 

of,  44,  114,  344. 
Bogard,   Abram,  412. 
Boggs,    Capt.    John,    433,    434. 
Boh,  Adam,  400. 
,  Jacob.  400. 


Boles,  — ,  2. 
,  John,   400. 


Boniface,  William.  409. 

Bonnet,   Lewis,   421. 

Boogs,    Francis,   411. 

Boone,  Daniel,  2,  4,  49,  51,  78, 
81,  84,  88,  89,  108,  168,  171- 
173,  2O9,  218.  220,  234,  240, 
245,  248-251,  272,  298,  326. 


INDEX 


443 


Boone,   James,  killed  by  Indians, 

2,  39,  173,  220,  375,  376. 
Boonesborough   (Ky.),  24,  32,  51, 

78,   82,   107,   174,   388. 
Boughman,   Jacob,   408. 

— ,  John,  408. 
Bouquet,   Col.    Henry,   11,   28,  75, 

78,     82,     113,     276,     373,     427, 

432;  sketch,  373. 
Bowen,  Moses,  423. 

— ,  Reese,   403,   404,   423. 

— ,  William,      157,     158,      167, 

170 ;    scout,   404,   434 ;    lieuten 
ant,   306  ;   sketch.   158. 
Bowes,  — ,  sergeant,  335. 
Bowles,   Robert,   408. 
Bowman,    Col.    John,    expedition, 

68,  82,   187. 
Bowman   (Bownam),  Joseph,  303, 

304,  423. 
Bowyer,    Henry,    419. 

,  Mary    (Polly),   300. 

,  Prudence,   300. 

,  Lieut.-Col.     William,     254; 

letters      by,      299,      300,     344 ; 

sketch,   254. 
Boyd,   James,   409. 

— ,  Robert,  408,  409. 
Boydstone,  — ,  279. 
Boyer,  — ,   125. 

,   Henry,    409. 

Boyls,   Barney,   406. 

Bozel,   John,  409. 

Bracken,    Matthew,    ensign,    276, 

280,   344.   410. 

— ,  Matthew,     lieutenant,     120, 

288,   289,  355. 
Braddock,    Gen.    William,    2,    25, 

28,   48.    74,   191,   348,  426,  428. 
Bradley,  John,  412. 

— ,  William,  406. 
Bradshaw,  — ,  193. 
Brander,  — ,  47,  77,  157,  172, 

212,  219,  233. 

Brandywine,  battle  of,   191,   197. 
Branstead,    Andrew,   404. 
Breckenridge,  — ,   76. 
,  Alexander,    161,    422. 


,  James,  27. 

,  John,  27. 

,  Preston,   27. 

,  Col.   Robert,   sketch,  27. 

,  William,   27. 

Breden,  John,  405. 

Breeze,   Richard,   401. 

,  Robert,   401. 

Brinton,   Henry,   421. 

,  James,  421. 

Bristol    (Tenn.),   49,   238. 

British,  28,  40,  42,  125,  152, 
236,  256,  270,  271,  '302,  i37O, 
373,  375,  425,  428;  army,  39, 
274,  393;  Historical  Manu 
scripts  Commission  Report, 
151 ;  Colonial  Papers,  "Ameri 
ca  and  West  Indies,"  368. 

Brock,  R.  A.,  "Virginia  Conven 
tion  of  1788,"  429. 

Bronstetter,  Andrew,  399. 

Brook,  Thomas,  405. 

Brooks,   George,  412. 

Brown,  Charles,  405. 
— ,  Colman,   421. 

,  Jacob,   41. 

,  James.,   27,   421. 

,  Rev.   John,   letters   by,  26. 

27,  159-1G1  ;  sketch,  27. 

,  John,  Jr.,   27. 

,  Low,  422. 

,  Patrick,   230. 

,  Robert,    sergeant,    229,    396 

401-404. 

,  Thomas,  407. 

,  William,   406. 

Brownsville  (Pa.),  12,  17,  50. 
See  also,  Redstone  Old  Fort. 

Brumfield,   Humphrey,  398. 

Brumley,   Thomas,   401,    403. 

Brundige.   Solomon,  406. 

Bryan,   Morgan,   pioneer,   220. , 

,  Capt.  Thomas,  sketch,   220. 

Bryans,   Shorgan,   94. 

,  William,   sergeant,    408. 


Bryan    and    Rose,    Pioneer   Fami 
lies  of  Missouri,  276. 
Bryant,  William,  409. 


444 


INDEX 


Buchanan,  — ,  commissariat,  195, 
242,   252. 

. ,  Archibald,   203,   231. 

— ,  James,    198,   199. 

,  Jane,   9. 

,  John,  colonel,  78,  199,  203, 

231,  407. 

,  Margaret,   78. 

,  William,    ensign,    52,    199 ; 

receipt  by,  174  ;   sketch,  174. 
Buckeye    (Va.),   423. 
Buffalo  Spring   I/irk,   320. 
Buffaloes',   122,   133,  286,  367. 
Buford,        Col.      Abraham,     273 ; 
sketch,  273. 

,  Capt.     Thomas,     273,     275, 

276,  280,  284,  286,  288,  289, 
296,  30t>,  315,  318,  330,  334, 
344,  351,  355,  409,  413,  415, 
417,  418,  427,  435,  437; 
sketch,  273. 

Bull   Town,  massacre  of,   377. 
Bullitt,     Col.    — ,    23,    32,      113, 

125,   126,  207. 
Bunch,   Joseph,   4O9. 
Bunshell,  John,  399. 
Burck,  Richard,   412. 
Burcks,  Samuel,  409. 
Burk,  Thomas,  letter  by,  398. 
Burke,    James,    140. 

,  John,  410. 

Burke's    Garden,    (Va.),   140. 
Burnes,   Thomas,   409. 
Burny,  Thomas,  406. 
Burnsides,    James,   408. 
Burrens,  James,   411. 
Burroughs,   — ,  423. 
Burtchfield,   James,   408. 
Bush,  John,  sergeant,  405. 

,  William,  sergeant,  405. 

Bushy  Run,  battle  of,  373. 
Bustar,  David,   403. 

,  William,   402. 

Butler,  — ,  8,  234 

,  Joseph,    405. 

,  Richard,   67. 

,  Shadrick,  405. 


fcutterfield,  Consul  W.,  Expedi 
tion  against  SandusJcy,  103 ; 
History  of  the  Girtys,  152, 
285 ;  Washington-Crawford 

Letters,  8,  10,  36,  62,  86,  155, 
302,   304. 

Byrd,   Richard,  402. 

,  Col.    William,    21,    38,    52, 


65,    100,    146,    205,    211,    429; 
sketch,   21. 
Byrne,  Charles,  407. 


ALDWELL,   John,  421. 

,  William,  421. 

Callaway,       Dudley,      canoe-man, 

411. 

Cameron,    Alexander,    72;    letter 
to,  40,  212  ;  sketch,  40. 
— ,  Charles,  275. 
— ,  George,    killed    by    Indians, 
275,   301,   346. 
— ,  Hugh,   423. 
Camp  Charlotte,  302. 
Camp     Union     (Va.),     104,     114, 
181,    183,    185,    189,    19O,    195, 
196,    205,    212,    222,    260,    281, 
282,    284,    313-320,     327,     413- 
415,  433;  sketch.  181. 
Campbell,   — ,   killed    by    Indians, 
36,  272. 

— ,  Capt.  — ,  22,  166,  167. 
— ,  Dr.  — ,  303. 
— ,  Maj.  Arthur,  31,  56,  59, 
77,  80,  84,  85,  91,  157,  158, 
205,  207,  212,  231,  241,  272, 
420;  letters  by,  38-42,  47- 
49,  57,  58,  72,  73,  108,  109, 
134-138,  142-144,  158,  159, 
162,  163,  170-172,  192-195, 
202-205,  209-212,  219-222, 
226,  227,  229-233,  238-240, 
244-246,  25O-252,  278,  279, 
297,  298,  374,  377 :  letters  to, 
145,  146,  161,  164:  sketch,  39; 
manuscripts,  270,  291. 


INDEX 


445 


Campbell,  David,  39. 

,  James,    23. 

— ,  John,  captain,  47,  230 
234,  403,  409;  sketch,  47. 

,   Joseph,    410. 

— ,   Robert,   423. 

,   Samuel,   200,   397,   399. 

,   Capt.     William,    6,    40,    43 

52,  59,  75,  76,  84,  137,  143 
147,  148,  159,  170,  177,  178, 
189,  317,  363,  399,  401,  409, 
419,  420;  letter  by,  261-266: 
sketch,  43 ;  manuscripts,  270 
291. 

Canadian  Archives,   394. 
Canady.      See  Kennedy. 
Caperton,  Adam,  409. 

— ,   Hugh,   409. 
Carlisle,   Robert,   111. 
Carlisle   (Pa.),   11,  66. 
Carmack,   John,    412. 
Carney,   Martin,   408. 
Carolina,  165,   166,  169,  209,  212 

216,   217,   252. 
Carpenter     (Carpender),  John,  409. 

,  Jeremiah,   408. 

,  Richard  Willson,  407. 

,   Solomon,  408. 

,  Thomas,  408.  419. 

Carr,  — ,  234. 

,  George,  400,  422. 

— ,  James,    400. 

,  William,    400. 

Cartain,   James,   399. 

,  Joel,    398. 

,  John,  398. 

Carter,    Deal,    killed    by    Indians, 
244,  279. 

— ,  John,   409  ;  sketch,  221. 
Carther,    Edward,    411. 
Cary,  Jeremiah,   397. 
Casey,   William,  412,  422. 
Cashaday,  Simon,  399. 

,  Thomas,   398. 

Castle   Hill    (Va.),  242. 
Castle's   Woods    (Va.),   2,   73,   80, 
88,   173,   218,   223,    248. 


Catawba    Indians,    216. 
Catfish,  Indian  Chief,  10,  15. 
Catron,  Auani.  400. 

,   Francis,    400. 

,  Jacob,  399,  40-0. 

,  Michael,   400. 

,  Peter,   400. 

— ,  Philip,  400. 
Cats,  Roger,  400. 
Cattes,  John,  400. 
Cavanaugh,  Charles,  397. 

,  Philemon,   397. 

,  Philip,   201,   234. 

— ,  William,    Sr.,   397. 
Cayuga   Indians,   305. 
Cecil,    Saul,    229. 
Champ,   William,  165,  400. 
Chapline,    Abraham,    421. 
Chapman,  John,  399. 

,   Richard,    £93. 

Charleston    (Ind.).   197 

~   (S.    C.),    6,    11],    273,    375 

—_(W.     Va.),     24,     112,     113, 

-  (Mass.),    340. 
Charlton,  James,  408. 
Chenusaw    (the  Judge),    305 
Cherokee  Indians,  5,  6,   8    20    26 
39-41,    43,    47,    48,    50^2, '  57 
59,    72,    73,    75,    81,    107,    122 
210,    216,    217,    221,    232     239 
242,    246,    276,    278,    305,'    376,' 
2o,   430;     expedition     against, 
38,   43,   48.   55,   59,   72.    75,    81 
84,     107,     109,     168,    225     235* 
251,   271,   273,   312,   428-430     ' 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway,  360 
Chickamauga    expedition,    against 
Indians,  48,   55,   107,   197    225 
251,   252,   271. 
Chtekasaw    Indians,   376;    agents, 

Chillicothe    (O.),    263,    292    293 

301,  347  ;  sketch,  292,  293 
Chism,   John,   405. 

hiswell,   Col.    John,   52. 
Chiyawee,   Wyandot   chief,   347. 
Chota,  Cherokee  town,  38. 


446 


INDEX 


Christian,  — ,  captain,  359. 

,  Anne,  206,  428. 

,  Gilbert,      lieutenant,      359; 

sketch,    251. 

,  Israel,  3GO,  429. 

,  John,  430. 

,  Mary,    184. 

,  Priscilla,   184. 

,  Robert,  251. 

,  Rose,  184. 

,  Col.    William,    49,    55,    79, 

81,  89,  106,  107,  121,  126,  146. 
158,    169,    173,    182,    184,    189, 
190,    206-208,     214,     215,    223, 
225,     239,     245,   251,   260,   261, 
266-269,     273,     288,    292,    293, 
305,    317,    331,    340,    363,    420, 
423,   435,    436  ;    letters  by,   42- 
47,    55-57,    63-66,     75-78,     80- 
85,   176-179,   185-188,   196-199, 
205,    206,    291,     301-307,     316; 
letters    to,     52-55,    59-61,    73 ; 
sketch,   46,   429,   430. 
Christianburg    (Va.),  428. 
Cincinnati    (O.),  120. 
Circleville   (O.),  290,  292. 
Clark,    George    Rogers,    68,    102 
155,    197,    207,  225,   303,   344 
letters  by,   10-12,  115. 

,  John,  421. 

,  Samuel,  sergeant,  410. 

Clarke,  James,  410. 
Clarksville    (Tenn.),  225,  271. 
Clay,  — ,  235,   319,  423. 

,  David,   200. 

,  Ezekiel,   200. 

,  Mitchell,  200,  397. 

Clay  Lick,  203. 
Clehany,  James  M.,  403. 
Clendennin     (Clendinen,     Clindin 
ing,    Klendenning),   Adam,    39 

,  Alexander,    423. 

,  Charles,  347,   423. 

,  George,   113,  423. 

,  Robert,    423. 

,  William,    410,    423. 

family,    432. 

Clerk,  John,  411. 


Cleveland,   Col.   Benjamin,  235. 
Clifton,  William,  397,  408. 
blinding,  George,  410. 
plover     Bottom,     109,    139,    140, 

142. 

Clover  Lick   (Va.),  273. 
Cloyd,   Capt.   Joseph,  45,   76,   174, 

241,  431;   sketch,  45. 

— ,  Ninian,   63,  64. 
Cloyne,  Nicholas,   399. 
Cochran,  William,  406. 
Cocke,    Capt.     William,    77,    107, 

210,    217,    227,    240,    251,    252; 

letter     by,    208,    209 ;    sketch, 

107. 

Coile,  James",  402. 
Coiler,  John,  406. 

,  Moses,   sergeant,   406. 

Coleman,  Robert,   197. 

Collet,     George,     Indian    captive, 

422 
,  Thomas,   422. 


Collins,   L.,    History  of  Kentucky, 
119,  420. 
— ,  Richard,   407. 

Columbus    (Miss.),  107. 
—   (O.),   304. 

Colville,  Andrew,  captain,  75 ; 
sketch,  75. 

Comstock,  — ,  181. 

Condon,    David,    canoe-man,   411. 

Conestoga  Indians,   28,   246. 

Connolly,  Dr.  John,  35,  62,  66- 
68,  74,  86,  102,  125,  191,  264, 
373,  380-382,  389,  392  ;  letters 
by,  12,  42,  101,  102  ;  letters  to, 
37,  151-154;  sketch,  42. 

Connor    (Conner),    Patrick,    407. 

,  William,   406. 

Constantine,   Patrick,  411. 

Cook,   David,   408. 

,  Henry,    405. 

,  John,   409. 

,  William,   409. 

Cooper,  — ,  387. 

,  Abraham,  402. 

,  Francis,  402. 


INDEX 


447 


Cooper,  Leonard,  423. 

,  Nathaniel,  409. 

,  Spencer,   410. 

,  Thomas,    411. 

Copley,  Thomas,  399. 

Corder,  John,   106. 

Cormick,  John,  419  . 

Cornstalk,  Indian  chief,  104,  181, 

272,    301,   302,   308,     310,    319, 

347,  423,  436  ;  sketch,  432,  433. 
Cornwallis,    General    Charles,    25, 

196,   272,  429. 
Cornwell,   Adman,   409. 
Coshockton    (O.),  37. 
Courtney,  Charles,   396. 

,  John,  396. 

Cowan,   David,  80. 

— ,  James,    killed    by   Indians, 

131. 

,  Jared,  421. 

,  John,  lieutenant,  109,  420; 

sketch,  109. 
Coward,  — ,  423. 
Cowpens,  battle  of,  415. 
Cox,  Gabriel,  lieutenant,  233,  425. 

,  George,  15,  16,  19,  421. 

,  Capt.  John,  220,  229. 

Covington   (Ky.),  120,  360. 
Crab  Orchard   (Ky.),  270. 

(Va.),  234. 

Crabtree,    Isaac,    39-41,    43,     48, 

73,   78,   143,    172,   240,   377. 

— ,  William,   scout,   404. 
Craige,  — ,'  79. 

— ,  George,   407. 

,  John,  94,  431. 

,   N.   B.,   18. 

,  William,  sergeant,  27t>,  410. 

Grain,   John,  410. 

Cravat,   Robert,  100. 

Craven,     Joseph,     sergeant,    234, 

403,  404. 
Cravens,  James.  403. 

,  John,  403. 

,  Robert,  403. 

Crawford       (Crafford,      Craford), 

Alexander,  36O. 
,  Barnard,  405. 


— — ,  John,    sergeant,    400,    404, 
407. 

,  Valentine,  10. 

,  Major  William,   14,  37,   86, 

103,    152,    155,    156,     302-304 ; 
receipt  by,   103  :   sketch,   103. 

Crawley     (Croley),     James,     406, 
408. 

Creed,   Mathew,   409. 

Creeks:  Bear,  123 ;  Beargrass,  9, 
39,  124,  125  ;  Bell,  324  ;  Beav 
er,  8 ;  Big  Sandy,  117 ; 
Bracken's,  120;  Cabin,  325;. 
Carr's,  massacre,  272,  432  ;  Ce 
dar,  76,  88,  156;Chartier,102; 
Congo,  290,  301 ;  Copper,  41, 
43,  51,  77  ;  Cove,  85  ;  Cripple, 
163;  Crooked,  343;  Cross,  16; 
Dickerson's  Branch,  325;Dunk- 
ard,  97,  sketch  36 ;  Dunlop's, 
360 ;  Dry,  325  ;  Eighteen  Mile, 
337  ;  Elk,  194  ;  Elk-Horn,  128- 
130  ;  Federal,  302  ;  Fish,  155  ; 
Four  Mile,  117;  Grave,  11,  36, 
108,  sketch,  36;  Greasy,  179; 
Harrod's,  124,  125 ;  Howard, 
359 ;  Hurricane,  336,  357 ;  In 
dian,  30;  Kelly's,  112,  306, 
307,  309,  324-326;  Kinnickin- 
nik,  290;  Laurel  Run,  322, 
323  ;  Lawrence,  7,  23 ;  Lee's, 
120;  Lick,  324;  Licking,  120; 
Limestone,  121;  Little  Sandy, 
117 ;  Locust,  120 ;  Maiden 
Spring,  30;  Mann's,  322; 
Meadow,  320,  358;  Mile 
Branch,  325 ;  Moccasin,  77, 
220,  227 ;  Muddy,  23,  36,  64, 
103,  109,  319.  432;  sketch, 
319  ;  Nashes,  119  ;  Ohio  Brush, 
119 ;  Opequon,  220 ;  Otter, 
124;  Paint,  76;  Peak,  46, 
55;  Pigeon,  17;  Pine,  304; 
Pipe,  11,  115;  Pitman's,  239; 
Reed,  137,  194,  217,  sketch,  63; 
Reedy,  208,  210,  2L9,  240,  251, 
252;  Rich,  95,  112,  176,  188, 
189,  199,  205,  247,  323,  324, 


448 


INDEX 


397;    Salt    Lick,    118;    Scippo,  I 
290,     301,     302 ;     Shot     Pouch, 
118  ;    Silver,   23  ;    Sinking,   111,  j 
112,    135,    207,    paassacre,    134, 
sketch,    111 ;     Stony,     85,    88 ;  | 
Swago,    423 ;     Sycamore,     119 ; 
Ten   Mile,      37,    68,     102,     108, 
202  ;   Toms,   188  ;     Tuscarawas, 
36 ;     Tygerfs,   117 ;     Walker's, 
56,   77,  79,   85,  241,   320  ;   War-  ( 
rior's,    322  ;     Watson's    Branch, 
325  ;    Waxhaw,    273  :    Wheeling  ' 
(Weilin),     37;     Witcher,     325; 
Wolf,     105,    141.     247  ;   Yellow, 
massacre  of,  10,  11,  13,  14,  16- 
19,   36,   115,   246,   305. 

Cresap,   Joseph,    425. 

,    Capt.    Michael,   11,    12,   14, 

16,  18,  29,  67,  155,  156,  304- 
306,  312,  377 ;  lettera  to,  246, 
247,  260,  393;  sketch,  12. 

,  Michael,  Jr.,  i5,  155. 

,  Col.    Thomas,    pioneer,    12, 

185,  393. 

family,  191. 

Crinar,  John,   149. 

Crisman,   Isaac,  402. 

Crockett,    Joseph,    423. 

,    Capt.    Walter,   44,   52,     58, 

59,  73,  77,  79,  80,  84,  137, 
149,  177,  179,  189,  224,  251, 
429:  letter  to,  76,  80;  sketch. 
44. 

Croghan,  Col.  George,  7,  29,  33, 
66,  121;  "Journals,"  7,  121; 
sketch,  7. 

Croley,  Samuel,  408. 

Crow,  John,  sergeant,  194,  421, 
436. 

Crouch,  — ,  63,  64. 

Cruger,  Lydia,  433. 

Crumrine,  Boyd,  Washington 
County,  97,  155. 

Culbertson's  Bottom,  76,  94,  95, 
99,  103,  109,  138,  140,  145, 
235,  243,  248. 

Culwell,    Alexander,    411. 


Cumberland     settlement,     3,      85, 

168. 
Cummings,  Rev.  Charles,  81,  226, 

229,  230,   244,  251  ;   sketch,   81. 
Cummins,  George,  408. 
Cundiff,     Jonathan,     ensign,     276, 

280,    288,    289,    2^0,    344,     355, 

409  ;   sketch,  270. 
Cunningham,    James,  406. 
,   John,   411. 


Current,  Joseph,  410. 
Custer,    William,   411. 
Cutlip,    David,   411. 
Cutright,   John,   422. 
Cuttenwa,  Indian   chief,  305. 

DALE,  James,  409. 

Dandridge,  Alexander  Spotts- 
wood,  8,  25,  111,  114,  116,  126, 
191 ;  letter  by,  22-24 ;  sketch, 
24. 

,  Nathaniel    West,    24. 

Danville    (Ky.),   25. 

Darnell  (Darnold),  Lawrence, 
sketch,  7,  22,  116. 

Dartmouth,  Lord,  149,  394 ;  let 
ters  to,  151,  368-395 ;  letters 
by,  368,  372. 

Davis,  — ,  56. 

— — ,  Azariah,  420. 
— ,  Charles,  407. 

,  George,  411. 

,   James.   23,   79;  sketch,  79. 

,  Patrick,  359. 

— ,  Robert,  scout,  404,  409. 

,   Samuel,   409. 

Davis's   Bottom    (Va.),   56. 

Davis's  Fancy    (Va.),   79. 

Davise,   Jonathan,   94. 

Day,   Joseph,  410. 

,   William,   106. 

Deal,  WMlliam,   409. 

Deek,  John,  405. 

Delaware  Indians,  28,  29,  33,  36, 
37,  74,  114,  116,  121,  124,  150, 
153,  156,  256,  273,  301,  346, 
373,  381-384,  387,  436  ;  sketch, 
28. 


INDEX 


Demonse,    Abraham,   407. 
Deniston,   John,   408. 
Denton,   John,  106. 
Detroit,  152,   306. 
Devereaux,  Charles,  211. 
Diamond  Rocks,  18. 
Dickerson,  — ,   Indian,   123. 
Dickinson,    Adam,   pioneer,    272. 
,      Col.     John,     56,     73,     272, 

275,  280,    286,    288,    289,    296, 

306,   331,   341,     351,     355,    356, 

414,  416;  sketch,  272. 
Dickson,    Captain,    (Indian),    347. 
Dillon,  — ,  lieutenant,  423,  437. 
Dingus      (Dingos),      Peter,      106, 

397. 

Dinwiddie,  Gov.  Robert,  276,  428. 
Diver,  John,  400. 
Dixon's      Springs     (Tenn.),    434, 

437. 
Doack,  — ,  26,  217. 

,  David,  79. 

,  David,  Jr.,  399. 

,   Capt.   Robert,   58,  59,    135, 

137,   144,    145,   162,     193,    194, 

220,  241,    399;   letters   by,   73, 
76,  78-80;  sketch,  399. 

,  Samuel,  399,  404. 

,    William,    ensign,    241,   399. 

Dobler,  Jacob,  399. 
Dodd,  John,  407. 
DodrMdge,  — ,  344. 
Dollarhide,   Samuel,   396. 
Donald,  Robert,  64,  149. 
Donaley,   James,   sergeant,   410. 
Donally,  John,  fifer,  408. 
Donalson,   Robert,   396,   401,   402. 
Donelson,  Col.  John,  5,  122,  172, 

221,  233,   239. 

,   Thomas,   401,   402. 

Dooley,  Jacob,  409. 

,  Thomas,   lieutenant,   409. 

Doran,  Patrick,  421. 

Doss,  Joel,  411. 

Dougherty      (Dehority,     Doherty, 

Dohorty),     George,        sergeant, 

403. 


,  Henry,  230. 

,  James,  411. 

,  John,  410. 

,  Joseph,  230. 

,  Michael,  ensign,  224,     225, 

241,  250. 

Douglas,   George,  400. 

,  James,  sketch,  111 ;  sur 
veyor,  111,  116,  121,  123-129, 
131,  400,  403. 

Downy,   James,   sergeant,   399. 
— ,   John,    399. 

Drake,  — ,  killed  by   Indians,   39. 

,   Ephraim,   scout,  4,   163. 

,   Joseph,    78,   81,     143,     159, 

163-168,  170,  171,  178,  401; 
sketch,  78. 

Draper,  John,  lieutenant,  64, 
101,  103,  105,  109,  110,  139, 
141,  179,  351;  sketch,  64. 

,  Lyman      C.,  9,    15-17,     38, 

88,  110,  111,  121,  151,  291, 
311,  368 ;  manuscript  collec 
tion,  10,  12,  51,  68,  71,  75,  78, 
107,  111,  131,  133,  134,  153, 
154,  158,  160,  168,  173,  185, 
191,  206,  207,  219,  225,  230, 
235,  236,  239,  271,  272,  276, 
280,  285,  296,  297,  1302,  305, 
306,  308,  316,  317,  326,  344, 
347,  351,  374,  387,  388,  402, 
408,  420,  421,  425,  426,  428- 
431,  433,  436,  437;  King's 
Mountain  and  its  Heroes,  43. 

,  Mary,  captured  by  Indians, 


101. 

Draper's  Meadows  (Va.),  101, 
431 ;  massacre  of,  45,  64. 

Drennon,  Jacob,  421. 

Dresden   (O.),   153. 

Dulin,  James,  408. 

Duncan  (Dun com,  Dunken,  Dun- 
kin),  John,  sergeant,  28,  29, 
194,  219,  234,  402. 

Dunkard  Bottom  (Va.),  42,  429, 
430. 

Dunlap,  Robert,  423. 


450 


INDEX 


Dunmore,  Lord,  governor,  12,  13, 
19,  29,  42,  43,  51,  52,  67,  68, 
92,  ]#$,  125,  14o,  152*,  153", 
155,  156.  18,°,,  185,  186,  198, 
201,  236,  256.  2(52-264,  269, 
270,  276,  281,  288-290,  292, 
293,  296,  301-309,  311,  341, 
361,  362,  373,  377,  387,  390, 
395,  421,  425,  427,  433,  438 ; 
letters  by,  38-S5,  8f-,  61-68, 
J8<86,  87,  91,  97,  98,  145, 
149,  150,  177,  285,  338,  34D, 
348,  1*51,  36&~-8tf5 ;  letters  to, 
286,  368,  372  :  titles,  353,  360  ; 
sketch,  425,  426. 

Dunn,   John,  407. 

Dunowho,  James,  411. 

Durrett,  Reuben  T.,  207;  "Cen 
tenary  of  Louisville,"  125. 

Button,   Philip,  400,  403. 

Dyer,  William,  410. 


EAGER,,  John,  406. 

Easthorn,   William,  423. 

Edger,   Thomas,   408. 

Edgington,  George,  16. 

Edmiston  (Edmondston),  Will 
iam,  lieutenant,  84,  402 ; 
sketch,  84. 

Edwards,  James,  403. 

,  Jonathan,  404. 

Egins,  Edward,  408. 

Elinipisco,  Indian  chief,  347,  436. 

Elk  Garden  (Va.),  88.  See  also 
Fort  Elk  Garden. 

Elkins,   Jesse,  94. 

Ellenburgh,   Peter,   408. 

Ellias,  Thomas,  411. 

Elliott,  Capt.  Robert,  152,  408, 
43G,  437  ;  orderly  book,  439. 

Ellison,  James,  408,   423. 

Ellisson,    Charles,    411. 

Elswick,  John,   94. 

Emery,    Will,    Cherokee,    239. 

English    (Inglish),  Joseph,  397. 

,   Joshua,   397. 

,   Stephen,   175. 


Estill,    Samuel,    sergeant,   408. 
family,  281. 


Evans    (Evens,    Evins),     Andrew, 

411. 

— ,  Evan,  411. 
Ewing,  A.   E.,  423. 

— ,   Alexander,    400. 

,  Alexander,   Jr.,   400. 

,  Robert,  409. 

,   Samuel,  400. 

,     William,    sergeant    major, 

400,  407,   410;  sketch    423. 


FAIN,  John,  412. 

,   Samuel,  412. 

Falling,  William,  75. 

Falls,  of  Kanawha,  325  ;  of  Ohio, 
23,  68,  81,  88,  124,  125,  245, 
306,  309,  310. 

Fargison,  Thomas,  410. 

Farley,  Francis,  200,  201. 

,  John,  201. 

Farlor,  Francis,  397. 

,  John,  397. 

,   Thomas,   397. 

Farmer,   Nathan,  409. 

Fauquier,  Gov.  Francis,  374. 

Feavil,  William,  405. 

Ferrill,  Robert,  411. 

,   William,  402. 

Field,  Ephraim,  captured  by  In 
dians,  114. 

Col.    John,    113,    185,    186, 


190,  197,  265,  274,  275,  280, 
284,  287,  288,  294,  296,  301, 
309,  315,  319,  322,  330,  334, 
346,  349,  355,  415-418,  427, 
435,  437;  sketch,  113,  114. 

Fielder,  Charles,  412. 

Fields,   John,  sergeant,  409. 

,   William,   420. 

Fienquay,  Isham,  canoe-man,  411. 

Filson,    John,    geographer,    4. 

Club  Papers,  125,  133,   273. 

Fincastle  (Va.),  6,  7,  24,  27,  64, 
72,  81,  164,  189,  192,  207,  259, 
343,  360,  366,  412,  431. 


INDEX 


451 


Findley,  George,  423. 

,  John,  412. 

,  Robert,  sergeant,  411. 

Fisher.    Isaac,   408. 
Fitzhugh,    John,  411. 
Fitzpatrick,      Timothy,      prisoner, 

328. 
Fleming,      Leonard      Israel,     182, 

184,   213,  300 ;   sketch,   182. 
,   Nancy,  307;    letters  to,   181- 

184,  205,     206,     212-214,    253, 
254,    279-281,    299,    300. 

,    Col.     William,     146,      181, 

185,  196,   205,    206,     258,     265. 
266,    272-275,     279,     280,   286- 
289,    300,    306,    313,    315,    319. 
328,    330,    341,    343,    344,    351, 
355,    358,    360,    367,    413,    415, 
416,    418,    420,    433,    434,    486. 
437 ;        wounded,       294,     296 : 
sketch,  428,  429  :  Journal,  113. 
114,     236,    281-291,    236,    339, 
340,   344  ;    letters   by,    181-184. 
191,    212-214,     236-238,     253- 
257,    299 ;     Orderly-Book,     281, 
313-360;     papers,     313,     346: 
report,     315 ;    plan    of    march. 
283,    285,    358,    360. 

family,  65. 

Flinn,  — ,  killed  by  Indians,  325. 

,  Chloe,  captured  by  Indians 

325,  326. 

Flintham,  John,  403. 

Fliping,  Thomas,  sergeant,  409. 

Floyd,  Benjamin  Rush,  316. 

,  Capt.  John,  32,  42,  50, 

112-119,  137,  143,  144,  157, 
170,  171,  188,  205,  301,  310, 
342,  363  ;  surveyor,  8,  9,  23, 
24,  111,  122-127,  129-132, 
137,  151 ;  letters  by,  7,  22.  23, 
163-168,  206-208,  214,  215, 
266-269  ;  sketch,  9. 

,  John,   Jr.,  9. 

Fontaine,   Charles  P.,   291. 

,  Patrick    H.,    colonel,    291. 

Forbes,  — ,  99. 


Forbes,  Geii.  John,  2,  11,  48,  68, 
113,  276,  373,  42o,  428. 

Forney,    Peter.     See   Torney. 

Forts:  Bell's  Meadows,  63  ;  Big 
Crab  Orchard,  see  Whitton's; 
Black,  75;  Blackburn's,  133; 
Blackmores,  85,  157,  172,  210, 
211,  217,  218,  2^0,  229,  232, 
234,  240,  244,  245,  252,  279; 
Blair,  310,  sketch,  310  ;  Burke's 
140;  Byrd,  12,  85,  88,  100, 
see  also  Moore's ;  Castle's 
Woods,  2  ;  Chiswell,  52,  79,  89, 
106,  163;  Christian  (Smith's), 
85,  88,  194,  404  ;  Clover  Lick, 
273 ;  Cowan's,  80 ;  Culbert- 
son's,  100,  235  ;  Dickenson,  39  ; 
Dunmore,  35,  37,  62,  68,  86, 
97,  99,  101,  186,  197,  380, 
390;  Elk  Garden,  194,  197, 
229,  234,  252,  401,  404:  Eng 
lish,  38:  Pincasftle,  86,  103, 
155;  Glade  Hollow,  194,  234, 
402  ;  Gower,  191,  302,  308, 
311 ;  Greenbrier,  160  ;  Henry, 
86;  King's,  210;  Lexington, 
344;  Long  Island  (Tenn.), 
75 ;  London,  375 ;  Maiden 
Spring,  194,  203,  234,  401, 
403,  404  :  Maxwell's  Mill,  194  ; 
Moore's  (Byrd's),  85,  209,  219, 
234 ;  Necessity,  426 :  Pitt,  8, 
11,  29.  33,  35,  36,  50,  73,  74, 
91,  104,  123,  124,  152,  154, 
177,  202,  235.  302,  308,  375, 
427,  432  ;  Pittsburg,  373,  388 ; 
Preston,  80,  88.  91,  158,  250; 
Randolph,  104,  115,  310, 
358,  432;  Rudr^l''s,  388; 
Russells.  80,  234:  Smith's,  see 
Christian;  Spring,  104:  Stal- 
naker's,  428 :  Stanwix.  242, 
427:  Stuart's,  189,  281,  282; 
Vause's  (Vaux).  65.  428; 
Warm  Springs,  273:  Watausra, 
81;  Wheeling,  37,  62,  86,  302, 
sketch,  86;  Whitton's  (Big 


452 


INDEX 


Crab  Orchard),  234,  401,  404; 
Wood's,  141,  176;  Young,  360, 
sketch  360;  frontier,  29,  30, 
32,  34,  42-45,  49,  o7,  62,  67, 
71.  79,  83,  88,  95,  105,  117, 
197,  208,  216,  234,  335,  351, 
352,  364,  380,  401. 

Fourgeson,  Thomas,  419. 

Fowler,  James,  scout,  230,  231, 
263,  333,  337,  338,  404. 

• ,   Samuel,  403. 

,    William,    165. 

Fox,   Nathaniel,   155. 

Frankfort    (O.),  292. 

(Va.),  104. 

Franklin,   Benjamin,  9. 

,  James,  407. 

• ,  William,   407,  419. 

Franklin,  state  of,  40,  48,  107, 
160,  215,  221,  252. 

Frazer,   John,   411. 

Fredericksourg    (Va.),  2. 

Freeland,   John,   419. 

French,  28,  254,  273,  305,  426. 

Friel,    Jeremiah,   424. 

Frogg,  John,  lieutenant,  killed 
by  Indians,  280,  296,  301,  346  ; 
sketch,  280,  281. 

Fry,  George,  398. 

,  George,   Jr.,  398. 

,  John,  405. 

,   Joshua,   colonel,   191. 

Fulkison,   — ,    251. 

Fullen,  Charles,  399. 

,   James,   403. 

Fullin,   Daniel,  406. 

Fuls,   George,  405. 

Fur-trade,  7,  11,  12,  29,  59,  66, 
67,  72,  221.  25B.  347,  374, 
377,  379,  381,  391. 

Fur-traders,  28,  29,  48,  58,  59, 
66,  67,  72. 

GAGE,    Gen.   Thomas,    35,   340. 
Gardner,    Andrew,    410. 
Garrett,    William,   421. 
Gasper's   Lick,    51,    81.     See   also 
Mansco  Lick. 


Gass,  David,  sketch,  173. 
Gatliff     (Gatleph),     Squire,      235, 

397. 

Gauley    (Va.),    198,    282,    318. 
Georgetown    (Ky.),    131. 
Georgia,      constitutional      conven 
tion,  160. 
Gekelemupechunk..          See     New- 

comerstown. 

Genet,     Edmond    Charles,  expedi 
tion,  225. 
Germans,  36,  79. 
Germantown,  battle  of,   160,  191, 

197. 

Gibson,    Lieut.    George,    160,    424. 
,   Col.    John,    fur-trader,    11, 

15,      17,     290,    303,     305,    356, 

411 ;  sketch,   11. 

,   Joseph,  406. 

Gilberts,   Thomas,   407. 

Gilihan,  John,  399. 

Gilkeson,   James,   411. 

Gill,  Prisley,  406. 

Gillespy,   Thomas,   410. 

Gilliss,  \Villiam,  411. 

Gilmer,  George  R.,  First  Settlers 

of    Upper    Georgia,    160,     274, 

281. 
Gilmore,    Capt.    James,    224,    406, 

414,  415. 

,  John,   406,  424. 

Girty,     Simon,     152,      154,    285; 

sketch,  152. 

Gist,   Christopher,  57,  133. 
Givens,  — ,  lieutenant,  349. 
Glascum,   David,   419. 
Glass,    Samuel,    sergeant,  408. 

,  William,   411. 

Glaves,  Michael,  403. 

Glen,  Thomas,  7,  116. 

Glenn,   Davis,   421. 

Goff,  Andrew,  412. 

Goldman,       Edward,       lieutenant, 

276,    280,    288,    289,    306,    344, 

355,  411,   435. 
Goldsby,  — ,  437. 
Goodnll,  John,  405. 
Gordon,   Moses,   399. 


INDEX 


453 


Gormon,  David,  398. 

Graham      (Grayum),      Benjamin, 

412. 

Grand   Rapids    (Mich.),   423. 
Grant,  Alexander,  403. 
Gray,   Benjamin,  277,  297. 

,  Joseph,  180. 

Grayson,  — ,  179. 

Greatiiouse,     Daniel,     10  ,  15-17, 

19,    378. 
Great   Levels  of   Greenbrier,    185, 

190,    414.      See   also,   Levels  of 

Greenbrier. 

Great  Meadows,  battle  of,  191. 
Green,  — ,  259. 

,  John,   172. 

Green  Township   (O.),  290. 
Greenbrier  (Va.),  23,  36,  56,  103,  j 

104,   358,   410,   432. 
Greene,    Gen.    Nathaniel,    25,    45, 

160. 

Greenwood,  — ,  360. 
Grenadier   Squaw,   308. 
Grenadier     Squaw's     Town,    290, 

301. 

Griffin,  Robert,  396. 
Grigger,   Michael,  399. 

,   Peter,  399. 

Grigs,  John,  406. 

Grigsby,  John^  405. 

Grim,    John,    424;    Recollections, 

308. 

Grinup,  John,  404. 
Guffy,  James,  411. 
Guilford  Court  House,  battle  of, 

25,  43,  331. 
Guillin,  James  M.,  407. 
Gullion.     See  Ogullion. 
Gurden,  Michael,  405. 

HACKETT,   Thomas,   397 
Hackworth,   Augustine,  409. 

,   William,  409. 

Haggerty,  Patrick,  421. 
Haing1,  Capt.  — ,  331. 
Haldemand,   Gen.   Frederick,  393  ; 

letter    to,    394 ;     sketch,     393 ; 

Papers,  394. 


Hale,  Edward,  398. 

,  John     P.,     Trans- Allegheny 

Pioneers,  46,  64,  101,  180,  270, 

326,  422. 

,  Thomas,  398. 

,  William,  398. 

Hall,    James,   406. 

Hamilton     (Hambleton),    — ,    80, 

188,  319. 

,  Francis,  400,  404. 

,  Isaiah,   400,   404. 

,  Jacob,  400. 

,  James,  131,  424. 

,  John,  403. 

,  Jonathan,   193. 

,  Thomas,   400. 

Hammond,   Philip,  320,   358,  408, 

424. 
Hamrick,   Thomas,  409. 

,  William,  409. 

Fard.    ^en     reward   II..  104. 
Handley    (Herrill),    Robert,    412. 

(Hensley),       Samuel,      399, 

412,  422. 

Hanee,  Philip,  411. 
Hannastown    (Pa.),    42. 
Hanover   (Va.),  22,  23,  307. 
Hansburger,  Adam,  405. 
Hanson,  Thomas,  120,  129  ;  Jour 
nal,  7,  32,  39,  110-133,  338. 

,  William,  407. 

Hardin,  John,   155. 
,  John,  Jr.,  421. 

county    (Ky.),   197. 

Hardy,  — ,  112. 
Harlan,  Elijah.  421. 

,   Silas,  420. 

Harmon,  Adam,  pioneer,  70. 

,  Dangerfield,  411. 

,  George,  405. 

,  Israel,  70,  229. 

,  Jacob,  70. 

,  John,  411. 

Harrel,  William,  scout,  4. 
Harriman,    Skid.,   sergeant,   410. 
Harris,  Griffin,  407. 

,   John,   410. 

,   Stephen,  406. 


454 


INDEX 


Harrison,  — ,  230,  231. 

,  Andrew,   411. 

,  Benjamin,  killed  by  In 
dians,  230. 

,    Capt.    Benjamin,    205,    272, 

286,  331,  341,  414,  416,; 
sketch,  272. 

,  Daniel,  272. 

,  John,    lieutenant,    421. 

,   Peachy  R.,  272. 

family,  230. 

Harrisonburg    (Va.),   272. 

Harrod,  Capt.  James,  32,  68,  108, 
109,  136,  144,  189,  317,  363, 
420;  sketch,  108. 

,  Capt.    William,     121,     129, 

201,  202 ;  letters  to,  101,  102, 
395,  396 ;  receipt,  by,  68 ;  re 
ceipt  to,  103  ;  sketch,  68. 

Harrcdsburg  (Ky.),  68,  108,  109, 
111,  131,  207. 

Hart,  — ,  Indian  agent,  48. 

,  Thomas,  422. 

Hartness,  — ,  killed  by  Indians, 
374. 

Hatfield,  Andrew,  398. 

Havens,    James,    399. 
— ,  John,  399. 

Ha  VPS.  John,  424. 

Haynes.  Benjamin,  422. 
— ,  Capt.  Joseph,  414,  416,  435. 

Hays,  Charles,  397. 

,  Samuel,  scout,   404. 

Haywood,  John,   Tennessee,  377. 

Head,  Anthony,  252. 

Heath  (Heth),  William,  lieuten 
ant,  421. 

Heckwelder,  J.  G.  B.,  Indian  Na 
tions,  381  ;  Narrative  of  Mis 
sions  of  United  Brethren,  381. 

Hedden,   Thomas,  406. 

Hedges,   Silas,  421. 

Hedrick,  Peter,  400. 

Helm,  Leonard,  421. 

Helphinstone,  Capt.  Peter,  421. 

Hempinstall,  Abraham,  172. 

Henderson,  Alexander,  404. 

,  Daniel,   400,  404. 


,  John,  lieutenant,  24,  48, 

207,  400,  408,  424. 

,   Samuel,  400. 

Hendrix,  Peter,  408. 

Henly,  George,  400. 

,  William,  400. 

Henry,   Anne,   206. 

,  John,  wounded  by  Indians, 

192,  202,  232,  233. 

-:==,  Patrick,  6,  40,  59,  86,  118, 
161,  191,  206,  242,  266,  4oO ; 
letter  to,  291-295. 

,   Susanna,  59. 

,  William,  118. 

Henshaw,  William,  425. 

flensley.     See  Hundley. 

Herbert,  Capt.  William,  44,  59, 
135,  137,  144,  145,  159,  1G2, 
177,  189,  193,  194,  205,  241, 
250,  316,  317,  319,  351,  352, 
361,  363,  364,  366,  3G7,  412, 
417,  419,  420  ;  sketch,  44. 

Herd,   Richard,   397. 

Herrill.     See  Handley. 

Hickman,  — ,  424. 

Higgins  (Higans),  Peter,  406. 

,  Philemon,  400. 

Hildreth,  S.  P.,  9;  Pioneer  His 
tory,  285,  302. 

Hill,  Capt.  — ,  188. 

,  James,    94. 

,  Robert,  409. 

Town,  309. 

Hinkson  (Hinkston),  Maj.  John, 
387  ;  'sketch,  387,  388. 

Hite,  Col.  Abraham,  sketch,  31. 

,  Abraham,  Jr.,  letter  from, 

31,  32  ;  sketch,  32. 

,  Capt.  Isaac,  32,  111,  116, 

117,  122,  123,  125,  127,  131; 
sketch,  32. 

,  Joist,  31. 

Hixson,  W.  D.,  Ill,  121,  420. 

Hoagland,  Capt.  Henry,  155,  156, 
421. 

Hobbs,  Vincent,  229. 

Hoffman,  John,  421. 

Hogan,  Henry,  421. 


INDEX 


455 


Hogan,    William,   410. 
Hogg,   Capt.    Peter,   65. 

— ,  Thomas,    23,   24,    114,    151, 

338. 

Holder,  — ,  defeat  of  (1782),  174. 
Holley,  William,  411. 
Holbway      (Holliway),     Richard, 

116,  412. 

Holmes,  George  F.,  111. 
Holston,  Stephen,  411. 
—  (Va.),  3,  38,  48,  50,  59,  72, 

75,   81,   82,   108,   127,   146,  194, 

209,     232,     251,     270;     troops 

from,   13<3,   159. 
Holwell,  Walter,  409. 
Homes,  Lewis,  411. 
Hooper,  William,  407. 
Hoptcn,  Stephen,  400. 

,   William,   400. 

Horn,  — ,  165. 

Home,  Joseph,  396,  402. 

Horse-head   Bottom,  304. 

Hot  Springs  (Va.),  261,  284,  423. 

Howard,  Charles,  411. 

— ,  Henry,  409. 
Howards,  — ,  27. 
Howe,  Henry,  Ohio,  155. 

— .  John,  304. 
Huohisen,  William,  411. 
Huff,  Leonard,  408. 

— ,  Peter,  sergeant,  408. 
,   Samuel,   263,    408. 

— ,  Thomas',  408,  419. 
Hughes,    David,    180. 

— ,   Ellis,  424. 
Ilughey,     Joseph      (James),     271, 

412.  ^ 

Humphries,  John,  201,  397. 
Hundley,  John,   408. 
Hunter,  Robert,  398. 
Hunters,  26.  72.  123,  376. 
Hntchins,   Thomas,  maps,  58. 
TTutson,   John,  411. 
Hynes,  Francis,  404. 

ILLINOIS  campaign,  6.  8,  102,  197, 

225,  304. 
Indiana  territory,  11,  196. 


Ingles,  Mary,  captured  by  Indians, 

70,  179. 
,  Thomas,    179  ;   sketch,    179, 

180. 
,  Col.  William,  101,  146,  179, 


188,    317,    318,    320,    337,    339, 

340,   349,   350,    352;    letter  by, 

257-259  ;    sketch,    101. 
Ingles's  Ferry,  Go,  76,  101,  149. 
Inglis,  Joshua,  200. 
;  Inglish.     See  English. 
I  Innes,  Henry,  letters,  246. 
Ireland,   101,   214,  220,   225,  239, 

276,  812,   348,   426,   429,  430. 
Irish,  111,  160,  387. 
Iroquois     Indians',     28,     33.      See 

Six  Nations. 

"Iroquois  of  the  Ohio,"  28. 
Irvine,  John,  400. 
Islands:     Bahamas,  426;  Big,  5; 

Great,  217,  218,  226  ;  Gwynn's, 

425,     Long,     75 ;    Mann,    429 ; 

Moccasin,     73 ;     Oppony,    119 ; 

West     Indies,     206 ;     Wheeling, 

11. 
Isum,  William,  408. 

JACKSON,  Francis,  319. 

,  Yenty,  405. 

Jacob,  John  J.,  Life  of  Cresap,  7, 
8,  10,  155,  306,  374. 

Jameson,  John,  403. 

Jedborough   (Scotland),  428. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  242,  305 ; 
Notes  on  Virginia,  9,  10,  12, 
246,  305. 

Jefferson  County  (Ky.),  32,  124, 
197. 

Jeffersonville  (Ky.),  234. 

Jenkins,  Jeremiah,  411. 

Jennings,  Edmond,  422. 

Jewitt,  Matthew,  409. 

Joanes,  John  Litton,  captain,  let 
ter  to,  146,  147. 

Johns,  William,   406. 

Johnson.  Capt.  — .  425. 

! ,  Sir  William,  7. 

I  Johnston,  John,  400. 


456 


INDEX 


Johnston,  Patrick,  399. 
Jolly,  Henry,  judge,  9. 
Jones,  Capt.  — ,  183,  221,  310. 

,   Benjamin,  390,  401,  402. 

,  Gabriel,  28. 

,  John,  406,   407,  424. 

,  Thomas,  401. 

,  William,  408,  410. 


KANAWHA   &   Michigan    Railway, 
357. 

Kasheday,   Peter,  406. 

Kaskaskia,  capture  of,  225,  344. 

Keener,  — ,  killed  by  Indians,  36. 

Keeneson,  Charles,  410. 

Keightughqua.     See  Cornstalk. 

Keith,  Samuel,  94. 

Kelley,  Alexander,  408. 
— ,  Gerrott,  409. 

Kelly,   Walter,   killed   by   Indians, 
104,    109,    112,    306,    309. 

Kelly's  Place,  181,  284,  325,  357. 

Kelsey,  John,  406. 

Kendrick,  James,  396. 

Kennedy,  E/zekiel,  406. 

,  Thomas,  408. 

(Canady,    Kenedy),  William, 

sergeant,  409    411. 

Kennerly,  William,  sergeant,  160. 

Kennison,  Charles,  424. 

,  Edward,   424. 

Kennot,  Zachariah,  409. 

Kent,  — ,  180. 

Kenton,   Simon,  285,   424. 

Kentucky,  2,  7,  25,  31,  42,  51,  64, 
78,   82,   88,   107,   108,   111,   114, 
120,     121,     126,   138,    164,    168,  j 
174,    196,    206,    207,    215,    220,  j 
225,   239,   240,    2G9,     272,     273,  i 
280,   309,    344,   374,   429;   mill-  j 
tary  lands,  75  ;  surveys,  7  ;  ear- 1 
ly  settlements,  4.  32,  420 ;  pio- 1 
neers,    6,    21,    23,    27,    32,    182, 
276. 

Kentucky  County   (Ky.),  44,  344.! 

Kercheval,  Samuel,  History  of  the 
Valley  of  Virginia,  374,  422. 


Kerr,  James,  420. 

(Keer),    William,   409. 

Kinder,  George,  399. 

,  Jacob,  399,  404. 

,  Peter,  399,  404. 

Kindherook    (Va.),   79. 
Kinders,  Gasper,  sketch,  79. 
King,  Edward,  16. 

,  James,  411. 

,  John,   399. 

,  William,  399,  404. 


King's  Meadows   (Tenn.),  49. 

Mill    (Tenn.),  210,  251,  252. 

Mountain,  battle  of,  39,  43, 

44,  55,  70,  75,  o*f  85,  107,  214, 
221,  236,  252,  271,  431. 

Kingsport   (Tenn.),  252. 

Kinkea*   (Kincaid,  Kingkeid,  Kin- 

kaid),  — ,  captain,  202. 

,  David,  402. 

,   David,   Jr.,  396. 

,  George,  411. 

,  James,  411. 

,  John,    sergeant,     194,    228, 

229,  241,  244,  396,  402,  404. 

,  Samuel,    lieutenant,   37. 

Kinson,  Charles,  419. 
Kinsor,  Jacob,  399. 

,  Michael,  399. 

,  Walter,  399. 

Kirkendall  (Kuykendall),  — ,  421. 
Kishioner,  — ,  422. 
Kissinger,   Andrew,   408. 

,  Matthias,  409. 

Klendenning.     See  Clendennin. 
Knox,    James,     scout,     127,     267, 

304  :  sketch,  111,  239. 
Knoxville  (Tenn.),  252. 
Koquethagechton,  Delaware  chief, 

29. 


LAFAYETTE,  Marquis  de,  43,  272. 

Lafayette  (Va.),  65. 

Lake  Erie,  39. 

Lammey,  Andrew,  230,  231,  403. 

Lancaster  (Pa,),  11. 


INDEX 


457 


Lands,  surveys',  2,  3,  5,  8,  24,  79, 
120,  121,  123-126,  128-131,  151, 
173,  195,  205,  231 ;  patents, 
276;  grants,  5,  8,  21,  22,  63, 
67,  75,  152,  242,  270,  274,  368, 
370,  371,  "391. 

Lapsly,  John,  406. 

Lard,  — ,  lieutenant,  276,  280, 
288,  289,  296. 

Larken,  John,  sergeant,  406. 

Lashly,  John,  404. 

Laughlin,  James,  401. 

Lawrence,  Henry,  410. 

Lebanon  (Va.),  194. 

Lee,  Alfred  E.,  City  of  Columbus, 
Ohio,  304. 

,  Hancock,  captain,  120,  122, 

155. 

,  Sefniah,  405. 

,  Zacarias,  405. 

Lemaster,  Richard,  411. 

Lemmey,  Samuel,  captured  by  In 
dians,  202. 

Lesey,  William,  397. 

Lesly,  John,  400. 

Lessly,  William,  94. 

Levels  of  Allsup,  178. 

Levils  of  Greenbrier,  104,  147, 
148,  176,  181,  201,  212,  213, 
222,  257,  26G,  267,  306,  309, 
315,  318,  335,  359. 

Lewis,  Agatha,  280. 

,  Gen.  Andrew,  19,  31,  32,  38, 

51,    62,    74,    98,    112,    114,   138, 
146.    149,    183,    196,    197,    199, 
207,    236,    253,    254,    256,    260- 
263,       266,       267,       269,      270, 
272-274,  281,  282.  284,  286-291,  j 
293,    295,    297,    'i02.    303,     307,  ! 
308.     312,     330-332,    340,    347,  i 
348,     350,    351,    355,   356,   361,  - 
383-385,     413,     417,    418,    422,  < 
425,  426,  428,  435,  436  ;  letters  ! 
by,    38,    87,    88,    97,    149,    190- 1 
192,  223,  267  ;  letters  to,  86,  87, 
91,  97,  98,    145 :    manuscripts, 
415  ;   sketch,   426-428. 

,  Andrew,  Jr.,  colonel,  310. 


,  Col.     Charles,    74,    98,    104, 

167,  177,  181,  183,  185,  186, 
188,  196,  240,  253,  255,  258, 
265,  272,  274,  275,  280,  282, 
284-289,  293,  296,  301,  311, 
312,  314,  317,  319,  321-323, 
331,  341,  343,  346,  355,  358, 
385,  407,  414,  41(5,  427,  433, 
434,  436-439 ;  letter  by,  73, 
74  ;  sketch,  74,  75,  97. 

,  Charles  H.,  436. 

,  Capt.     John    (of   Augusta), 

74,  272,  414,  416,  427  ;  sketch, 
272. 

,  Capt.   John    (of  Botetourt), 

274,  285,  315,  330,  334,  342, 
343,  408,  413,  415,  417^19; 
sketch,  274. 

,  John,  private,  400,  401. 

,   Samuel  424. 

,   Thomas,  175,  272,  280,  347, 

424  ;  letter  by,  311,  312  ;  sketch, 

312. 

— ,  V.  A.,  History  of  West  Vir- 

ffinia,  422. 

Lewisburg  (Va.),  104,  181,  432. 

Lexington  (Ky.),  344. 

Lin,  Adam,  409. 

Lincoln  County  (Ky.),  44,  187, 
270,  348. 

Linn,  William,  155,  421. 

Lister,  John,  94. 

,  Samuel,  94. 

Little  Carpenter,  Cherokee,  chief, 
48,  375. 

Litton,  Burton,  396. 

,  Solomon,  402. 

Litz,  William,  400. 

Lloyd,  Dr.  — ,  219. 

Lockhart,  Jacob,  410. 

,  Queavy,  410. 

Lockheart,  Patrick,  182,  184,  276 

Lockridge,  Capt.  Andrew,  272, 
273,  331,  351,  352,  367,  414, 
416,  419,  420;  sketch,  272,  273. 

Logan,  Gen.  Benjamin,  81,  82,  111, 
239,  251 ;  sketch,  82. 

,  Hugh,  406. 


INDEX 


Logan,  James,  305,  406. 

(iSliiuellimo,     Indian     Tach- 

wechdorus),  Capt.  John,  11-16, 
36,  37,  107,   153,  158,  239  ;  let 
ters  by,   246,  249,  260;  sketch, 
13,  305,  306. 

Logan's  Station    (Ky.),  82. 

Logstown    (Pa.),  430. 

Long,     David,    captain,    letter   to, 

147,   148. 

,  Joseph,  ensign,  424. 

Long   Hunters,   51,   78,   111,    239, 

374. 
Long    Island     (Tenn.),     75,    225, 

226. 
Long  Island  Flats,   battle  of,  47, 

107. 

"Long  Knives."  12,  13. 
Lorton,    Jacob,    180,    298. 
Louisville     (Ky.),     39,    197,    207, 

430. 

Loyalists,  101,  220,  221,  375,  431. 
Love,  Joseph,  408. 

,  Patsy,  274. 

,  Capt.  Philip,  149,  195,  199, 

273,     286,    315,    330,   334,  341, 

359,  407,  413,  415-419'. 

family,  273. 

Luallen,   Thomas,  94. 
Lucas,    Charles,    398. 

,   Charles,   Jr.,    398. 

,  John,  398. 

,  Robert,  lieutenant,  148. 

,  William,  398. 

Luney,  Michael,  411. 

Lybrook,  Balser,  killed  by  Indians 

134,  140,  398. 
,  Henry,  398. 

(Librough)  family,  massacre 

of,  398. 

Lyhnam,  Richard,  400. 
Lyle,   John,   424. 
Lyn,  James,  411. 
Lynch,  — ,  3. 
Lyons,   William,  406. 

MCAFEE,   George,   pioneer,    207. 
,  James,    pioneer,    207. 


— ,  Robert,   pioneer,   207. 

— ,   Samuel,  207. 

-,  William,   207. 

-  family,  23  ;   papers,  420. 
McAfee's*  Station   (Ky.),  207. 
McAllister,  J.  T.,  261,  423. 

(McColister.       Micalister), 

William,  409,  411. 
McAnore,  James,  263. 
McBride,  James,  409. 

,   Joseph,   406. 

McCalister,   James,   406. 
McCall,  James,  sketch,  109. 

,  Joseph,   177. 

McCandless,  John,   410. 
McCarmick       (McCormack),      — , 

201,  202,   277. 
McCartney,    John,    399. 
McCarty,  James,  402. 
McCaslen,   William,   411. 
McClanahan,  Absalom,  409. 
,    Capt.   Alexander,   160,   161, 

331,   342,  414,  416,   427. 

,  John,  canoe-man,  409. 

,  Capt.      Robert,      160,      274, 

275,    280,    288,    289,    296,    301, 

315,    321,    330,    334,    344,    346, 

349,    355,    410,    413,    415,    417, 

418,  435,  437. 

McClelland's    Station    (Ky.),   130. 
McClung,    William,    358. 
McClure,  Capt.  Francis,  killed  by 

Indians,  37. 

,  John,   406. 

,  Thomas,  406. 

McConn,  James,  Jr.,  207. 
McCorkle,  William,  125,  406. 
McCoy,     William,     349 ;      sketch, 

349. 
,  William,     lieutenant,      349, 

410. 
McCra,    Roderick,    111,    125,    126, 

128.  129. 
McCnlloch,      William,     fur-trader, 

119,  256  ;   sketch,  256. 
McCune,  William,  424. 
McCutcheon,   William,  424. 
McDonald.    Major    Angus,    letters 

by,   151-154,   395,   396  ;   sketch, 


INDEX 


459 


152,  153 ;  Wakatomica  expedi 
tion,  13,  10,  87,  154,  155,  183, 
184,  186,  220.  304.  382. 

McDonald,  Daniel,  407. 

,   James,   407. 

McDowell,  Archibald,  410. 

,  John,  25. 

,    Capt.    M.,    414,   416. 

,   Samuel,     captain,     25,    26, 

161,  328,  331 ;  sketch,  25. 

McElhaney,  Francis,  407. 

McFnrland,  — ,  424. 
— ,  William,    396. 

McFarling,  Robert,  scout,  352. 

McFerran,  Martin,  sketch,  184. 

McGee,  John,  406. 

McGeehey,  Samuel,  94. 

McGinness,  John,  407. 

McGlahlen,  John,  409. 

McGriff,  John,  398. 
— .  Patrick,  398. 

McGriffs,  John,  140. 

McOnffln,   John,   111. 

McGuire,    John,    wounded    by    In 
dians,  186,  282. 

Mclhvreath,  Jean,   "Sir  Frederick 
Haldimand,"   393. 

Mclntosh,  — ,  campaign,  272. 

McKee,  Alexander,  364. 
— ,  Capt.   William,  33,  74,  152 

406,  419;    sketch,   348. 
McKinney,  John,  422. 
McKinsey,   Henley,   398. 

,  Mordock,  398. 

McLanghlin,    Edward,   424. 
McMnllin,  John,  419. 
MfMullen.  William.  248. 
McNeal    (Niel).  John,  410,  424. 
,   Peter,   406. 

McNiell.    Daniel,    lieutenant,    359, 

407.  421. 

McN'tt.  James,  409. 
McNntt,   Alexander.   422. 
McRrberts.   Samuel,    184. 
Madison.   Capt.  — ,   65,   179,   180, 

307. 

.   Georee.    280. 

. .   Gov.    George,    59. 

,  James,  59. 


— ,  James,  bishop,  280. 
— ,  James,    president,    59,  236, 
280. 
John,   letters  by,   59,   279- 


281;  sketch,   280. 

,  Rowland,   280. 

,  Thomas,   280. 

,  Capt.      Thomas,     59,     439; 

sketch,  59. 

County   (Ky.),  23,   173. 

Magazine  of  American  History, 
104,  286,  309  ;  of  Western  His 
tory,  368. 

Magee,  William,  229. 
Manadue,  Henry,  401,  402. 
Manifleld,  — ,  179. 
Mann,  John,   398. 

,  Thomas,  killed  by   Indians, 

374. 

f  William,   263,   264,   409. 

Mansco,  Rasper,  51. 
Mansco's   Lick    (Term.),   51. 
Mares,   Alexander,   106. 

,  John,  229. 

,  Joseph,  106,  229. 

Marion    (Va.),  40,  261. 
Markes,  John,  407. 
Martin,    — ,     killed     by     Indians, 
155,  374. 

,   Brlce,    422. 

,  Christian,  398. 

,   George,   398. 

,  George,  Jr.,  398,  399. 

• ,  Capt.   Joseph.   4,   234,   235  ; 

letters   to,   247,   248,   298,   299, 
434  ;   sketch,  235. 

,  Philip,    398. 

,  Col.  William,  420,  434,  437, 

439. 

Martinsburg    (Va.),   191. 
|  Maryland,    12.    42.    48,    84.     158, 
|-      270,    376,    377,    393,    396;    Ga 
zette,    8 ;   Journal,   28,    155. 
I  Mason,  — ,  233. 

I County    (Ky.),    7,    21.    120. 

'  Masdln    (Mastin),    Thomas,     100, 

101,  110.  139. 

Matthews.  Cant.  George.  100, 
177,  188,  196,  223,  274,  276, 


460 


INDEX 


309,    367,   414,    416,   436,    437; 

sketch,  160. 
Matthews,   Sampson,  colonel,  223, 

331,  342  ;  sketch,  223. 
Max   Meadows    (Va. ),   52. 
Maxwell,  Bezaleel,  400,  412. 

,  David,  400. 

,  James,  captain,  69,  70. 

,  John,  399. 

,  Thomas,      70,      229,      404  ; 

sketch,  70. 

May,  John,  21,  119,   sketch,  21. 
Mayer,    Brantz,    Logan    and    Cre- 

sap,  115,  304,  306. 
May's  Lick    (Ky.),  21. 
Mayse   (Maze),  Joseph,  422. 
Maysville   (Ky.),  21,  420. 
McAdoo,   William,   229. 
Mead,  Nicholas,  sergeant,  409. 

,  Thomas,    399,   404. 

Meader,  Israel,  405. 
Mecrary,   Thomas,   411. 
Meek,    William,   sergeant,  399. 
Meeks,     Guy,     killed    by    Indians, 

374. 
Mercer,  Dr.  Hugh,  121 ;  letter  by, 

1;   sketch,  2. 

County    (Ky.),  207. 

Messersmith,    Barnet,    399. 

,  John,  399. 

Middlesborough    (Ky.),  40. 
Milican,  John,  406. 
Miller,  James,  405. 

,  Robert,   400. 

Mills,  John,  ensign,  407. 
Milwood,  George,  406. 
Miner,   Henry,  405.  / 

Mingp    (Afodastesf)      Indians,     fc<£ 

1M,  28tf  {^,  30^-30%,'  3*^ 
340,  340  34^  43ft  436. 

Mississippi,  180,  374. 

Missouri,   168. 

Mitchell,  Capt.  — ,  421. 

,  James,   400,  404. 

,  Thomas,  400. 

Moffat  (Mauford),  Capt.  Robert, 
404,  414.  416. 

,    Capt.    George,   sketch,    331. 


Mobile,  375. 

Money,   Holton,   106,  229. 

,  Samuel,  229. 

Monroe,  James,   president,   270. 
Montgomery,  Capt.   James,  65. 
,  Col.  James,  65. 

— ,  John,    220,    226  ;    letter  by, 

224,   225  ;   sketch,   225. 

(Mt.   Gumry),   Samuel,  407. 

family,  65. 

County,    (Mo.),  276. 

Montour,  John,   302. 
Montreal,  426. 

Moody,  John,  421. 

Moon,  Abraham,  407. 

Mooney,   James,   271,  ,272,  328, 

,  Nicholas,  406. 

Moore,  Capt.  — ,  437. 

,  Sergt.  — ,  234.  » 

,  Frederick,  400. 

,  Hendly,  ensign,  402. 

,   Hugh,    406. 

,  John,  400,  424. 

,  Moses,  399. 

,   Samuel,   309. 

,  Tabitha,   434. 

— ,   William,    85,   406,   422. 

Mooreneld    (W.    Va.),   31. 

Moravian  missionaries,  28,  36, 
153,  381. 

Morgan,  Gen.  Daniel,  111,  155, 
196,  239,  421. 

Morris,   William,   419,  421. 

Morrison,  — ,   11.  12. 

Morrow,   James,  411. 

,  James,   Jr.,   411. 

Moundsville   (W.   Va.),  36. 

Mountain* :  Alleghany,  97,  150, 
156,  242,  284,  323,  360;  Blue 
Ridge,  24,  58,  86,  176;  Chest 
nut  Ridge,  322,  323,  358 ; 
Clinch,  60,  226,  231 :  Cumber 
land,  53,  133,  242  ;  Gauley,  112, 
284,  323,  357,  358;  Iron,  232; 
Muddy  Creek,  319 ;  North, 
360;  Powells',  158;  Rich  Creek, 
111,  188,  397;  Rocky  Ridge, 
241,  242;  Stony  Hills,  140; 


INDEX 


461 


Toms     Creek,     188 ;     Walker's, 

79  ;   Yellow,  38. 
Mounts,   Ab.,    106. 
Mullin,  Thomas,   396. 
Mungle    (Mongle),    Daniel,  412. 

• ,  Frederick,    412. 

Murphy,   Cherokee   Indian,  278. 

• ,   Samuel,   285,   421. 

Murray,     Capt.     John,    275,    280, 

288,    289,    296,    301,    315,    330, 

334,    344,    346,    348,    349,    355  ; 

sketch,   275. 

— ,  Capt.   John,  406,  413,  415, 

417,  418,  424,  435,  437. 
Murtory,  Joseph,  259. 
Muster-rolls,    55,    273,    276,     352, 

396-412,  420-425. 
Myers,  Capt.  Michael,  17,  18,  19  ; 

sketch,  17. 

-  (Myres),   William,   421. 

NAIL,  Dennis,  408. 

• ,  Thomas,   406. 

Nakatomakee,  destroyed,  184. 
Nalle,    Martin,    lieutenant,   405. 

-  (Nawl,   Naul,   Nails),   Capt. 
William,        405,        414,       415; 
sketch,  405. 

Nash,   William,   surveyor,  7,  116, 

119,   127-131. 

Nashville   (Term.),  51,  271. 
Nave,  Conrad,  412. 
Neal,  William,  106,  396. 
Neaville,   John,  421. 
— — ,  Joseph,   421. 
Neely,  James,  cadet,  406,  407. 

,  William,  406. 

Negroes,      captured     by     Indians, 

209,    220,    232,    238,    240,    245; 

274,  305,  309^  373,  375,  379. 
Neil,  John,  400.' 
Nelson,   John,  406. 

,  Thomas,    sketch,   241. 

• ,  Thomas,   Jr.,   242. 

,  William,   sketch,   242. 

Nelsonville    (O.),  302. 
Newa,  Indian  hostage,  305. 
Newbern    (Va.),   55. 
Newberry,   Joseph.   400. 


Newburgh    (O),  17,  18. 
Newcomerstown       (Gekelemupech- 

unk,  O.),  36. 

New  Dublin   (Va.),  46,  63. 
Newell,    James,    179,    316,     419; 

Journal,     319,     S27,     339,    341, 

350,    361-367,   435. 

— ,   Samuel,      lieutenant,     364 ; 

sketch,  214,  215. 
New    Inverness    (Ga.),   375. 
New  Jersey,  28,  191. 
Newland,  Abrarn,  412. 

,  Isaac,   412. 

,  John,  403. 

Newman,  Walter,   424. 
Newport    (Ky.),   120. 
New    Providence    (Pa,),    27. 
New    Orleans,    23,    42,    82,    111, 

131,  207. 
New    York    (city),    12,    160,    369, 

393. 

New  York    (state),   28,   425;   Col 
onial  Documents,  10,  11,  377. 
Nicholas,  John,  397. 
Nicholson,  Joseph,  12,  154,  285. 

,  Thomas,  scout,  13,   285. 

Nickajack  campaign,  225. 

Nickels,   Isaac,   408. 

Niles'   Register,    270. 

Norfolk    (Va.),   206,  425. 

North  Bend    (O.),  121. 

North   Carolina,   38,   49,     65,     72, 

106,   169,  220-222,  270-272. 
North   Mountain    (Va.),   81. 
Northwest   Territory,   392. 
Nowell,  John,  399. 
Nuland,  John,  400. 
Null,  Jacob,  405. 
,  John,   405. 


OCONASTOTA,       Cherokee       chief, 

38,  212,   221;   sketch,  38. 
Odear,  James,  397. 
Oglethorpe,  — ,  375. 
Ogullion,    Barnett,    399,   412. 

,  Duncan,  399,  422. 

,  John,  399. 

,  Hugh,   412. 


462 


INDEX 


O'Haara,   Charles,   sergeant^  410. 

,  Robert,   410. 

,  William,   410. 

Oharron,  Henry,  397. 
Ohio     Company,     12 ;     expedition, 
64,    78,    80,    92,    158,    172,    213, 
222,    223,    281,    291,    297,    313, 
315,     317,     324,    325,    368;    In 
dians,  80,'  84,  85,  101,  153,  243, 
255,    256,    2G2,    263.    281.      B15. 
317,  380,   391;  Arch  and  Hist. 
Soc.  Publications,  12. 
Oldtown    (Md.),    185,   393. 
Olverson,  Joseph,   396. 
Oneida  Indians,  13,  305. 
Onondaga  Indians.  154. 
Ormsbey,  Daniel,  407. 
Ottawa     Indians,     273,    284,   346, 

347. 

Overstreet,   William,  409. 
Owen,  Thomas,  409. 
Owens,    David,    152,    153. 
Owler,   Henry,   405. 

' ,  John,  405. 

Owen,   Robert,   407. 


PACK,  George,  201,  397. 

,  Samuel,   397. 

Packwood,  Richard,  408. 

Pain,  Joseph,  407. 

Parchment,  Peter,  285,  421. 

Paris   (Ky.),  388. 

Parkman^    Francis,   Half   Century 

of  Conflict,  246. 
Parsons,  James,  421. 
Pate,  — ,  180. 

— ,  Jacob,   180. 

,  Jeremiah.   94. 

Patten,  John,  411. 
Patton,  David.  229. 

— ,  Col.     James,     43,     65,   139, 

141,  231.  242,  431. 

family,   65. 

Pauling.    Capt.    Henry,    187,    274, 

276,    296,    315,    321,    330,    334 

335,    340,    351,    411,    413,    415 

416,     418,     429,    436;    sketch, 

187. 


Paulley,  James,  410. 
,  John,  410. 


Pawlings,  Moses,  396. 

Paxton,  Samuel,  328,  400,  403. 

Peary,   Thomas,   406. 

Pendleton,    Col.    Edmund,     sketch, 

242. 

Penee,  Jacob,  ensign,  405. 
Penn,    Capt.    Abraham,    248,    252, 

298,  299;   letter  by,   234,    235; 

sketch,   235. 

— ,  Gov.     John,     387,    390-393, 

395. 
Pennsylvania,    2,    7,    25,    28,    30, 

42,   67,   81,   101,   108.   114,   115, 

152,  156,    173,    202,    343,    372, 
376,    382,    387,    389,    391,    392  ; 
Archives,    29,    37,    67,    86,    97, 

153,  155,   306,   372,     381,     387, 
388,    390 ;      Colonial      Records, 
387;    Gazette,    36,    37,    66,    87, 
295. 

Pensacola  (Fla.),  Ill,  373. 
Pentecost,  Capt.  Dorsey,  101,  102, 

201,      202 ;      letter     by,     102 ; 

sketch,    101,   102. 
Pepper  family,  65. 
Perce,  Thomas,  407. 
Peregin,   Molastin,  409. 
Persinger,   Jacob,  422. 
Petty,   Benjamin,  405. 
Peyton,    John    Lewis,    History    o/ 

Augusta   County,  Virginia,  422. 
Pharis,  William,  402. 
Pharo,  — ,  328. 
Philadelphia,  242,   305,   311,   390, 

391. 

Philips,   Capt.  — ,   sketch,    31. 
Pickaway  Plains    (O.),  290,  301. 
Pierce,  — ,   lieutenant,  194. 
,  John,  399. 


Piqua  campaign,  197,  207. 

Pittsburg,  1,  7,  8,  10,  12,  14,  28, 
31,  37,  42,  51,  '87,  99,  152, 
156,  183,  380-382,  392. 

Plain  Facts,  368. 

Pluggy's  Town   (O.),  306. 
i  Plunkepel,   Zacarins,   405. 


INDEX 


463 


Poage,  William,  sergeant,  234, 
250. 

Point  Pleasant,  245,  261,  291, 
303,  304,  306-308,  310,  319, 
339,  340,  345-349,  351-353, 
362,  364-367,  417,  418,  420, 
423,  433,  436;  battle  of,  6,  9, 
43,  147,  48,  55,  56,  75,  78,  82, 
101,  104,  106,  108,  115,  120, 
158,  160,  168,  180,  223,  225, 
236,  253-259,  269-277,  305, 
313,  345,  363,  402,  428-431. 

Polke,  Edmund,  68. 

Polug,  Mathew,  408. 

Pontiac,  Ottawa  chief,  273. 

Pontotoc   (Miss.),  291. 

Poors,  Peter,  64. 

Port  Republic   (Va.),  280. 

Porter,  Robert,  400. 

Posey,  Thomas',  commissary,  314- 
316,  318,  350;  sketch,  196. 

Potter,  Thomas,  403. 

Powell,  Ambrose,  4. 

Presbyterians,  27,   81,  431. 

Preston,  Elizabeth  Fatten,  430. 

,   John,  174,   430. 

,  Lettlce,    27. 

,   M.    L.,   261. 

,  Margaret,    27,    174. 

,  Robert,  receipt  to,  174  ; 

sketch,  174. 

,  Col.  William.  2.  3,  27,  32, 

45,  57,  87,  110,  115,  123,  125, 
134,  189,  279,  281.  235,  363, 
430,  432 ;  advertisement,  8 ; 
letters  by,  24-26,  52-55,  59- 
61,  91-93,  95-97.  106-108.  127, 
133,  145-148,  151,  161,  162, 
203,  241-243,  247,  248.  270, 
291-295,  298,  299;  letters  to, 
l-3»  7,  9,  19-21,  26,  30,  31,  35, 
38-51,  55-58,  61-66,  69-85, 
87-91,  94,  95,  98-101,  103-106, 
108-110,  135-144,  149,  156- 
180,  185-188,  190-212,  214- 
234,  238-240,  244,  246,  248- 
252,  257-269,  278,  279,  297, 
298,  301-312,  397-399;  'manu 
scripts,  297 ;  sketch,  430,  431. 


Price,  James,  396,  402. 

,  Michael,   47. 

,  Reese,  412,  419. 

— ,  Richard,  396,  402. 

,  Thomas,    396,   401,   402. 

,  William     Thomas,     History 

of     Pocailiontds     County,     Vir 
ginia,  422,  423. 

Pricket     (Pucket),     Drury,     396, 
402. 

Priest,  David,  401,  402. 

,  Samuel,   401,   402. 

,  William,  401,  404. 

Fright,   John,  405. 

Prince,  William,  419. 

Princeton,  battle  of,  2,  191. 

Proctor,   — ,    killed     by     Indians, 
36. 

Pryor,  — ,  scout,  320,  358. 

(Prior),   John,   424. 


Puckeshinwa,  Indi.in  chief,  347. 
Purdie,  Alexander,  sketch.  295. 
Putnam  County  (O.),  336,  337. 

QUINNIMONT    (W.    Va.),   322. 

RAINS,  Robert,  405. 

Ramsey,  Eliza,  206. 

,  James  G.,  History  of  Ten 
nessee,  412. 

,  Josiah,  sketch,   168,   169. 

,  Thomas,    168. 

Rapp,    Frederick,    400. 

Ratcliff,    William,    94. 

,  Matthew,  411. 

Raven,   Cherokee   Indian,    72. 

Ravenscroft,   Thomas,  421. 

Ray,   William,  411. 

Razor,  Michael,  404. 

Read,  John,  ensign,  177,  409. 

Reagh,  Archibald,  400. 

,   John,  400. 

Reary,  James,  405. 

Reburn,    John,   408. 

Red  Hawk,  347. 

Rediford,    Benjamin,   404. 

Redstone  Old  Fort  (Brownsville, 
Pa.),  12,  37,  50,  156. 


464 


INDEX 


Reed,  Alexander,  424. 

,  James,  pioneer,  63. 

Reese,  Azariah,  421. 

Reid,  Andrew,  422. 

,  Thomas,  411. 

Rentfrow,   Capt.  — ,   149. 

Rich  Creek    (Va.),  199,  201. 

Richards,  — ,  killed  by  Indians, 
374. 

Richardson,  — ,   143. 

,   Benjamin,   400. 

,  William,   400. 

Richfield    (Va.),   149. 

Richmond   (Va.),  428. 

Riley,  John,  412. 

Rivers:  Big  Connewagas,  32; 
Big  Sandy,  133,  139,  142,  145  ; 
Blue  Stone,  56,  57,  69,  70,  77, 
99,  109,  110,  139,  140,  217; 
Buffalo  Fork,  321 ;  Bullpast- 
ure,  272 ;  Capteen,  16  ;  Cataw- 
ba,  307  ;  Clinch,  2,  3,  6,  19,  20, 
25,  30,  38,  41,  51,  53,  59,  60, 
64,  f>9,  71,  73,  76-78,  80,  82, 
83,  85,  88,  89,  100,  133-135, 
144,  145,  157,  161,  162, 
165,  172,  173,  178,  192,  194, 
195,  202,  204,  207,  209,  211, 
217-219,  228,  230,  231,  241, 
244,  245,  251,  252,  297,  307, 
400;  Cole,  24,  114,  151,  328, 

332,  334,     335;      Crab,      114; 
Cross,  142  ;  Cumberland,  5,  26, 
51,  81,  89,   225,  242,  271,  374; 
Detroit,   152;   Dicks,  131,  240; 
East,   141 ;   Elk,   112,    113,   177, 
185,    187,    190,    195,    212,    214, 
223,    237,    240,    258,    260,    261, 
266,    267,    282,    285,    304,    306, 
324,    327-334,    338,    340,     349- 
351,    357,    374,     415;     Floyd's, 
126;     French    Broad,    47,   215, 
described,  47  ;  Gauley,  320,  324, 

333,  357;   Gist    (Guess),     133; 
Great   Guyandotte,    116 ;    Great 
Kanawha,  5,   8,  34,  35,  86,  98, 
103.^  104,    112,    114,    185,    187, 
266.'    269-271,     284,    285,    291, 
292.    295,    301,    300,    336,    337, 


370,   385;    Great    Miami,   121; 
Green,     78,      239 ;      Greenbrier, 

112,  276,    313,    319,    324,    333, 
423;      Hickson's      Fork,      388; 
Hockhocking,      236,      237,     256, 
263,    286,    292,    302,    308,    309  ; 
Holston,   5,   20,   38,   39,   41,  43, 

44,  47,     48,     53,     56,     58-61, 
63,     65,     71,     75,     76,     79,     82- 
84,  90,  106,  108,  109,  163,  178, 

193,  194,    202,    208,    209,    214, 
221,      224,      226-228,     230-232, 
234,       236,      241,     247,       249, 
270,      277,      297,      305;      Hur 
ricane      Fork,      324  ;      Jackson, 
360,     432 ;     James,    103,    360 ; 
Kanawha,    22,    24,    42,    62,    67, 
223,    237,    257,    261,    277,    322, 
324,    327-329,     335,     337,     338, 
346,    349,    352,    353,    357,    365, 
384,   433  ;   Kentucky,   5,   20,   53, 
81,    83,    85,    89,    108,    121-123, 
127-129,    132,     173,     195,     208, 

242,  297  :  Laurel  Branch,  112  ; 
Licking,  51,  88,  108,  388;   Lit 
tle,   149  ;   Little  Guyandotte,  7, 
22,  116 ;   Little  Kanawha,  115, 
191,    263;    Little    Miami.    120; 
Little    Scioto,    304;    Louisa,    5, 
20,     26,     70,     121,     298;  Mad, 
306;       Maiden      Spring     Fork, 
239;     Meadow,   320,   321,    358; 
Mississippi,    111,    124 ;    Monon- 
gahela,    17,    36,    37,    68,    155, 
202,   246,  396;  Muskinsum,   28, 
36,    150,    153,    155,   156,   373; 
New,     22,     23,     26,    42,    44-46, 
55,   56,    63,   65,   70,    76,   77,   81, 
83,    84,    89,  99,   103,   105,    111- 

113,  116,       141,       147,       149, 
157,    158,    161,    163,    172,    181, 

194,  198,   206,    212,     232,     235, 

243,  260,       261,       281,      282, 
284,    288,    320,    322,    324,    325, 
327,   328,   332,   333,   430 :    Noli- 
chucky,  41,  47,  48,  278  :   Ohio, 
1,    2,    7-12.    17.    21-24,    34,    37, 

45,  51,    62,      82-86,      89.      91- 
93.   97,   98.    103.    104,    108.    110, 


INDEX 


465 


111,  114,  116,  118,  119,  121 
122,  150,  187,  197?  206,  212 
213,  217,  220,  256-258,  262- 
265,  267,  268,  274,  275,  282, 
285-289,  291,  297,  299,  301, 
302,  305,  306,  308-310,  312, 
333,  338-350,  353,  361-368, 
376-378,  383-386,  434-437, 
439  ;  Pocotilico,  114,  328,  335, 
336,  357 ;  Potomac,  31,  75, 
196  ;  Powell,  133  ;  Roanoke,  65, 
74,  149,  301;  Salt,  126,  128, 
131,  207  ;  Salt  Lick,  88  ;  Sandy, 
60,  69,  70,  76-78,  80,  85,  89, 
204,  232;  Scioto,  4,  82-84, 
117,  150,  180,  292,  304,  306; 
Susquehanna,  13,  305 ;  Tay 
lor's  Fork,  23 ;  Tellico,  38 ; 
Tennessee,  4,  38 ;  Watauga,  38, 
48,  271;  Yadkin,  220,  272; 
Youghiogheny,  102,  103,  155. 
Roads:  Augusta  path,  357, 
358;  Cumberland  Gap,  4,  51, 

76,  84,    88,    89,    171,    217,    242, 
298  :  Mocassin  Gap,  60,  73,  76, 

77,  80,  85,  226,   229,  233,  252; 
Pound   Gap,  133 ;    Sandy  Creek 
Pass,    81 ;    Warrior's   Path,     4, 
89;  Wood's  Gap,  176. 

Roay,  Joseph,  405. 

Roberts,  — ,  lieutenant,  260,  349. 

,  John,  409. 

,  John,  killed  by  Indians, 

208,  210,  218  219,  226,  246, 
250,  305;  sketch,  208. 

Robertson,  — ,   pioneer,  38,   51. 

(Robison),  Elijah,  412. 

,  James,  captain,  44,  76 ; 

sketch,  44. 

,  James,  sergeant,  412. 

,  Major  James,  176-179.  187, 

188,  197,  363,  419;  letters  by, 
94,  95,  99-106,  109,  110, 
134,  140^-142,  174,  175,  179, 
180,  199-201;  letter  to,  95-97. 

,  William,  lieutenant,  160, 

424,  438. 

Robinson,   Hugh,  399. 


James,   271,    407;    sketch, 

271. 

,  Thomas,  177. 

,   William,   94,  135. 

,  William,  captured  by  In 
dians,  246;  sketch,  246. 

Robison,  — f  424. 

,  Elijah.     See    Robertson. 

,      James,      lieutenant,      276, 

288,  289,   297,  344,   355. 

,  Julius,  412. 

1  William,  408. 

Rocky   Ridge    (Va.),  49. 

Roe,  Capt.  — ,  349. 

Rogers   (Rodgers),  Andrew,  411. 

,  Chesly,  405. 

,  David,  421. 

,   James,   400,   401,  403. 

?    Thomas,   400,    404. 

• ,   William,   165. 

Rollens,  Richard,  411. 

Rome   (Tenn.),  434. 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  Winning  of 
the  West,  51,  111,  121,  155, 
185,  190,  270,  291,  306,  344, 
405, 

Ros'egill    (Va.),  87. 

Ross,  Edward,  411. 

,  Tavenor,  272.  422. 

County    (O.),  290,  292. 


Round   Lick    (Tenn.),   434. 

Rowan,  Francis,  397. 

Royal  Oak  (Va.),  40,  47,  56,  134, 
136,  142,  159,  162,  163,  192, 
202,  216,  226,  230,  237,  244^ 
278,  297. 

Rucker,  George,  405. 

Ruddle   (Riddle),  George,  412. 

Rue,  Abraham,   405. 

Russell,  Henry,  killed  by  In 
dians,  1,  39,  72,  173,  220,  278, 
374,  376. 

,    Gen.    William,   2,  4,   6,  25, 


80,  81,  83,  135-137,  143-145, 
159,  162,  164,  171,  178, 
187,  189,  196,  210,  240  249, 
270,  273,  284,  286,  292,  298, 
303,  315,  317,  318,  330,  334, 


466 


INDEX 


341,  363,  415-419;  letters  by, 
19-22,  49-51,  88-91,  156-158, 
172,  173,  308-311 ;  letters  to, 
31,  158  ;  sketch,  6. 

Russell,  Gen.  William,  Jr.,  t>. 

Rutherford,    Benjamin,   400. 

Rye    Coves    (Va.),   3,   133. 
i 

ST.   ASAPH'S    (Ky.),  9,  187. 
St.    Clair,    Gen.    Arthur,    37,    387, 
392,    393  ;    defeat,    152 ;    letters 
by,  29,  306  ;  sketch,   392. 
St.    Lawrence,    Patrick,   400,   412. 
Salem    (Va.),    74,    149,   427. 
Salt   Licks,    81,   126. 
Saltville    (W.   Va.),  6. 
Samples,    Samuel,    412. 
Sanders,   Mrs.    Adam,  316. 

,  James,   421. 

Sandtisky    (O.),    14,    103. 

Sandy      Creek     expedition,     101, 

297,   426,    431. 
Santown.      See  Staunton. 
Sapling  Grove    (Tenn.),  238. 
Sappington,  Daniel,  9. 

,  John,  16,  17,  19. 

Saratoga,  battle  of,  111,  239. 
Saulsbury,   William,   424. 
Saunderson,  — ,   trader,  29. 
Savage.  John,  408. 
,  Samuel,   407. 

Sawyer,  — ,  46. 

Sawyers,    Col.    John,   55 ;   sketch, 
55. 

Sayers,  — ,   297. 

,   John,   412. 

,  William,      deputy      sheriff, 

171. 

Scails,   William,   405. 

Scarbara,   James,  409. 

Scafd,   Lieut.  — ,  355. 

Scioto   Indians,   towns,   432. 

Scoppathus,    Indian   chief,   347. 

Scotch,   40,   101.    295,   426. 

Scotch-Irish,  28,  39,   81,  82,  348. 

Scotland,   104,  392.  425. 

Scott,  Archelaus,  396. 


-,  Archibald,    402. 
-,  Capt.    Daniel,   425. 
-,  George,    397. 
-,  James,   396,   402. 


-,  Joseph,    213. 

-,  William,   407. 

-  County    (Ky.),   130. 

Scouts,  4,  19-21,  25,  47,  48, 
50,  51,  61,  69-71,  78,  79,  89, 
97,  98,  100,  104,  109-111, 
139_141,  153,  158,  162,  168, 
171,  173,  198,  201,  203,  204, 
206,  212,  217,  230,  231,  234, 
235,  239,  248,  256-263,  267, 
278,  282,  285,  286,  299,  318, 
320  323,  327-329,  332,  333, 
337-339,  341,  348-350,  352, 
363,  364,  387,  404,  408,  413, 
415. 

Sedbery,  John,  406. 

Seed,   Francis,   409. 

Selby,  James,  405. 

Semple,   Samuel,   lawyer,   42. 

Seneca   Indians,   152. 

Sevier,  Gen^  John,  40,  160,  271; 
sketch,  271. 

. ,  Valentine,  271,  412  ;  sketch, 

Shadrack  White's  Station,  239. 

Shain,   John,   94. 

Shallow   Ford,  battle   of,  220. 

Shamokin    (Pa.),   305. 

Shannon,  John,   106. 

,  Samuel,    233,    247,   279. 

f  Thomas,    106,    229. 

Sharp,    Abraham,   409. 

t  Benjamin,  246. 

,  John,    scout.    404. 

Sharpe,  Edward,  scout,  4,  403. 

Shaw    (Span),   Henry    412. 

Shawnee  Indians,  7,  11,  28-dU, 
33  42,  45,  48,  54,  58,  59,  66, 
72*  92,'  98,  114,  124,  133,  149, 
156  186,  210,  212,  217,  237, 
239  243,  256,  260,  273,  278, 
289,  292,  302,  304,  306,  310, 
319'  346.  347,  361,  362,  381- 


INDEX  467 


384,  432-436;  towns,  28,  37, 
53,  82,  83,  100,  110,  152,  153, 
155,  161,  175,  237,  246,  272, 
277,  288-290,  292,  301,  379, 
382,  384. 

Shawneetown    (111.),   196. 

Shea,  John  G.,  Historical  Uag<i- 
zine,  28. 

Shelby,  Capt  Evan,  48,  55,  77, 
135-137,  143,  147,  148,  158, 
159,  164,  178,  189,  196, 
197,  210,  225,  226,  238,  240, 
245,  271-274,  277,  278,  284, 
286,  292,  315,  317,  318,  330, 
334,  341,  363,  415,  417-419, 
436,  437 ;  letters  to,  106-108 ; 
manuscripts,  412';  sketch,  48, 
270. 

,  Lieut.    Isaac,    49,    70,    270, 

271,  412  ;  letters  by,  262,  269- 
277,  341;  sketch,  270. 

,  James,    412  ;    sketch,     270, 

271. 

,  John,    letter    to,    269-277. 

,  Thomas,   271. 

,  Capt.    William,   424. 

family,    106. 

-  County    (Ky.),    82,    111. 

Shell,  Arnold,  399. 

Shelp,   John,  421. 

Sbeperdsville    (Ky.),   126. 

Shickalamy,    murdered,    13. 

Shillin,    John,   94,   110. 

Shikellimo,    John.      See    Logan. 

Shoat,  — ,  210,  211,  239. 

Shoatt,   Emanuel,   412. 

Simms,  Capt.  Charles,  188,  317 ; 
sketch,  317. 

Sinclair,   — ,    hunter,    239. 

Sinking  Spring    (Va.),   81. 

Simkins,   Daniel,    406. 

,  James,   406. 

Simmerman,   George,  411. 

Simpson    (Simson),    James,   407. 

,  John,    406. 

,  William,    406. 

Six   Nations    (Iroquois),   5,   383. 

Skaggs,   — ,    94. 


,  Charles,  239. 

,  Henry,   fur-trader,  64,  289. 

,  James,   64. 

,  John,    239. 

,  Reuben,  94. 

,  Zachariah,   94. 

Skidmore,    Capt.    John,    275,    280, 

286,    288,    289,    297,    331,    341, 

355,    414,   416. 
Slaughter,     Capt.    — ,    351,    352, 

367,   419,   420,   435. 

— ,    Col.    Francis,    197  ;    sketch, 

197. 
,  Col.      George,      197,      261, 

267,  349,  424. 

,  Lawrence,    197. 

Sloane,  — ,  18. 

Smith,  — ,  63,  267,  347,  351. 

,  Bruten,   405. 

,   Conrad,   424. 

,   Capt.   Daniel,  85,  143,  157, 

159,     161-163,      178,     192-194, 

203,    204,    217,    219,    231,    245, 

252,    254,    278,    297,    357,    359, 

396,  401;   letters  by,  2,  3,   30, 

31,    69-71,   135,   233,   248-250; 

letters       to,        134,      241-243; 

sketch,      3 ;     manuscript     map, 

30,  41,   76,  88,   94. 

,  Devereux,    156. 

,  Edward,    410. 

,  Ericus,   401. 

,  J.,  85. 

,  James,   396. 

,  John,    106,   229,   421. 

,  Mecagh,   405. 

,  Moses,    405. 

,  Robert,   407. 

,  William,   405. 

Smithers,    Gabriel,    409. 
Smithfield    (Va.),   3,    26.   91,   101, 

145,    146,    151,    161,    179,    224, 

229,    234,    235,    249,    279,    301. 

See   also   Draper's    Meadows. 
Snakes  town,  154. 
Snodgrass,  — ,  233. 
Snydoes,   — ,   140. 


468 


INDEX 


Sobe,  George,  397. 

Bodowsky,  — ,  119. 

Somerset    (Ky.),   215. 

South   Carolina,    331,   375. 

Spain,  82,   160,  207,  375,  428. 

Spars   Ford,   359. 

Spear,  Benjamin,  killed  by  In 
dians,  36. 

Speed,  Thomas,  "Political  Club," 
273. 

Spicer,   William,   405. 

Spratt,  Isaac,  sergeant,  403,  404. 

Springs:  Burning,  112,  133, 
326,  357 ;  Floyd's,  130 ;  Grey 
Sulphur,  112  ;  Limestone,  23  ; 
Royal,  sketch,  130;  Salt,  122. 

Squires,  Uriah,  409. 

Staffy,  Michael,  400. 

Staily,    Martin,    399. 

Stalnaker,  Samuel,  killed  by  In 
dians,  232;  sketch,  58. 

Stalnaker's    (Va.),    58,    76. 

Stanton,   Richard,  scout,   4. 

Starn,   Jacob,   177. 

Staunton  (Va.),  74,  104,  149, 
160,  177,  196,  223,  254,  257, 
280,  295,  299,  311,  331,  339, 
429,  436. 

Steel,   Andrew,   403. 

Steele,  John,  422. 

Stephen,  Gen.  Adam,  24,  237, 
238,  308,  340,  428;  letter  to, 
236-238;  sketch.  191. 

Stephens,   John,   399. 

,  John,    lieutenant,    399. 

,   Thomas,  409. 

,  William,  424. 

Stephenson,  Capt.   Hugh,  421. 

,  Robert,  400. 

Sterns,   Conrad,   400. 

Stevens,  — ,   178. 

Steward,   John,   424. 

,   Walter,  422. 

Stewart,    John,   412. 

,  William,  411. 

Stiffay,    Peter,   95. 

Stillwater,  battle  of,   111,  239. 


Stoner,  Michael,  scout,  51,  81, 
108 ;  sketcfi,  51. 

Stoner's   Station    (Ky.),   51. 

Stony  Point,  capture  of,  6,  196. 

Strother,    Miss   — ,   280. 

Strother,  James,  killed  by  In 
dians,  164. 

Stroud,  Adam,  killed  by  Indians, 
374. 

Stuart,  — ,   405. 

,  James,  408. 

(Stewart),  Capt.  John,  104, 

274,    281,    286,    315,    330,    334, 
344,  413,415-419,  436;   sketch, 
104;     "Narrative,"     1U4,      113, 
286,  309,  410,  419,   422. 

,    Capt.    John,    Indian   ageat, 

5,  374,  375;   sketch,  375. 
Stull,  Martin,  421. 
Stump,  Michael,   106. 
Sullivan,  James,  421. 
,   Samuel,  410. 

County     (Tenn.),     75,    208, 

252. 

Summers,  L.  P.,  Southwest  Vir 
ginia,  194,  412,  422. 

Sumner  County   (Tenn.),   158. 

Stimter,   Gen.   Thomas,   235. 

Sunbury    (Pa.),   305. 

Surveyors,  5,  7,  9,  21-23,  25,  31, 
32,  43,  46,  49,  54,  78,  81,  83, 
88,  89,  111,  112,  115,  118, 
124,  151,  174,  195,  222,  231, 
270,  312,  431. 

Susquehannocks,  28. 

Swiss,   373,   393. 

Switzerland,    393. 

Swoop,   John,  408. 


TACHNECHDORDS     (Logan),    305. 
Tarleton,   Colonel,   273. 
Tarrence,  Big,  11. 
Tate,   Lieut.   T.,  424. 

,   William,  424. 

Tayfor,  Capt.  — ,  172-174. 


INDEX 


469 


Taylor,   Archibald,   210,   211. 

,  Daniel,   410. 

,    Hancock,     surveyor,     1,    2 

112,  114,  116,  120,  122-123; 
129,  152,  164,  195,  207; 
sketch,  23. 

,   Isaac,   408. 

,    Capt.    John,   45,     47,    172- 

174,    188;   sketch,   45. 

,   Richard,  23. 

,   Sieltor,   sergeant,   407. 

,   William,   sergeant,   406. 

,    Zachary,    president,   23. 

County    (Ky.),   239. 

Teasy,   William,  407. 

Tecumseh,   347. 

Tennessee,  4,  41,  44,  48,  85,  107, 
180,  221,  236,  273. 

Terrence  (Torrence),  Andrew, 
412. 

Terry,  Rev.  — ,   258. 

Thomas,  Col.  — ,  266. 

— — ,  Edward,  411. 

Thompson,   Andrew,  ensign,  399. 

— — ,  Capt.  James,  43,  56,  57, 
59,  85,  157,  159,  161,  171,  210, 
220,  226,  227,  233,  240,  247 ; 
letter  by,  278 ;  sketch,  43. 

,   Henry,  99.  100,   234. 

,   Richard,   402. 

,   Robert,   424. 

,    William,      105,    106,    143- 

145,    148,    173,    176,    177,    189, 
403,   411. 

Thwaites,    R.    G.,    Daniel     Boone, 
13,    51 ;    Early    Western    Trav 
els,  4,  7,  13,  65,  121,  Withers's 
Border   Warfare,   31,   36,   422. 
Timber  Ridge   (Va.),  27. 

Tipton,   John,   422. 

Todd,  Charles   S.,  270. 

,   James,  405. 

,    John,    313,    340,    341,    343, 

344,   350,   407:   sketch,   343. 

Toledo    &   Ohio    Railway,   357. 
Tornlinson,   - — •,   10. 

,   Joseph,   15. 


,  Nathaniel,  15. 

Topp,  Roger,  277. 
Torney    (Forney),    Peter,  412. 
Town  House,   rendezvous,  53,   58, 
60,    143,    163,    165,     169,     170, 
230. 

Trabue,  Lieut.  James,  421. 
Trans-Alleghany  Historical  Maga 
zine,  422. 

Transylvania,  32,  111,  344  ;  com 
pany,  9,  24,  39,  51,  207,  235. 
Treaties:  between  English  and 
Indians,  293,  301,  302,  304- 
306;  between  Indians  and 
Transylvania  Company,  39 ; 
Bouquet's  (1764),  28,  1CS,  373, 
374,  377;  Dunmore's,  29,  304- 
306,  347,  356,  386,  432  ;  Fort 
Pitt  (1778),  427;  Fort  Stan- 
wix  (176{>,,  5,  242,  370,  427; 
Hopewell  (1785),  236;  Loch- 
aber  (1770),  5,  370,  427;  Logs- 
town  (1752),  431;  Mobile 
(1764),  375;  of  Paris  (1763), 
38;  Sycamore  Shoals  (1775), 
221. 
Trent,  — ,  canoe  master,  350. 

,   Obadiah  H.,  sergeant,   340, 

411. 
Trigg,   Daniel,   65. 

— ,  Louise  Johnston,  110,  111. 
— ,   Capt.    Stephen.   44,   49,    55, 
182,  184;  sketch,  44. 
Trimble,   — ,   227. 
— ,  Isaac,  406. 
— ,   James,   422. 
— ,    John,     killed    by    Indians, 
331. 

Trotter,   John,   424. 
— ,   Richard,   424. 
Tucker,  William,  412. 
Turner,          Frederick         Jackson, 
"Western   State  Making  in   the 
Revolutionary    Era,"   370. 
— ,    John,    235. 
— ,  Joseph,  106,  229. 
Tygert,    Michael,   117. 


470 


INDEX 


VALLS,  John,  400. 

Vallendigham,    George,   421. 

Valley  Forge,  272,  439. 

Valleys:  Carter's.  221;  Clinch, 
195  ;  Draper's,  64  ;  Kanawha, 
103,  104,  113;  Kishacoquillas, 
305  ;  Ligonier,  392  ;  Poor,  79  ; 
Powell's  2,  4,  5,  207,  220,  235, 
239,  sketch,  4  ;  Rich,  79,  193, 
195,  205,  230,  232;  Shenan- 
doah  374. 

Van  fibber,    Isaac,   424. 

,  Jesse,  424. 

,    John,   424. 

,  Peter,  424. 

Vance,  _  143,  159,  165-168, 
170,  215,  230,  231,  233,  250. 

,   Edmond,  94,   140,   266. 

,  Lieut.  Samuel,  276,  288, 

289,  296,  351,  355,  412; 
sketch,  276. 

Vandalia,   370. 

Vanhook,   Samuel,   396. 

Van  Meter,  Abraham,  receipt 
to,  68. 

,  Jacob,  68. 

,   Rebecca,    81. 

Vaut,  Andrew,  400. 

,   Christian,  400. 

,  George,  400,  404. 

Venable,   William,   421. 

Vincennes   (Ind.),  344. 

Vaughn    (Vaun),  John,  411. 

Virginia,  4-6,  9.  10,  20,  21, 
29,  30,  32,  39,  41,  55,  62,  69, 
74,  92,  101,  150,  153,  168,  180, 
206,  207,  223,  230,  271,  296, 
306,  343,  360,  368,  374,  388, 
392,  394-396,  425,  428,  433, 
436,  437,  439 ;  assembly,  20, 
21,  25,  32-34,  39,  44,  74, 
107,  187,  191,  242,  272,  280, 
303,  307,  310,  344,  379,  887, 
405,  427,  430;  first  bishop, 
280 ;  boundary  line,  5,  8,  19. 
20,  26,  42,  48,  67,  236,  392 ; 
committee  of  claims,  25  ;  com 
mittee  of  safety,  242 ;  revolu 


tionary  committee,  242 ;  con 
stitutional  convention,  25,  184, 
191,  242,  249,  312,  348;  coun 
cil,  20,  63,  241-243,  307,  380, 
390,  391,  395 ;  governor,  20, 
21,  93,  145,  242,  260,  379; 
House  of  Burgesses,  20,  31,  92, 
98,  304,  307,  312,  425;  mil 
itary  grants,  152  ;  settlements, 
58,  225,  226,  420  ;  troops,  2,  12, 
103,  160,  161,  191,  197,  231, 
273,  317  ;  Gazette,  295  ;  Histor 
ical  Collections,  104,  191,  2S6, 
422,  429  ;  Historical  Magazine, 
316 ;  Historical  Register,  270, 
303,  310  ;  "History  of  Virginia 
Federal  Convention,"  191. 
Virginians,  7,  13,  28,  65-67,  114, 
115,  136,  373,  374,  382,  384, 
391. 

WADDELL,  J.  A.,  Annals  of  Au 
gusta  County,  74,  101,  137, 
360,  422. 

Waggoner,  — ,   116,  171. 

,  Andrew,  424. 

,  Henry,  399. 

,   Henry,    Jr.,    399. 


Wakatomica  (Wapatomica),  150, 
152,  153,  155,  304,  sketch,  153. 

Walker,  — ,  4,  252. 

,  Adam,  399. 

,  Henry,  397. 

,  James,  406. 

,  Dr.  Thomas,  20,  56,  58, 

109,  235,  242;  sketch,  242. 

Wall,  Henry,  killed  by  Indians, 
36. 

Wallace,  Adam,  ensign,  406. 

,  Andrew,   406. 

,,   Caleb,  judge,   184. 

,  David,   406. 

,   Robert,    406. 

,    Samuel,    lieutenant,    406. 


Walpole,  Thomas,  letter  by,  151 ; 

sketch,   370 ;    land   grant,   370. 
Walter,   Michael,    400. 
Wambler,   George,   400. 


INDEX 


471 


Wambler,   Mitchel,   400. 

Ward.   Charles,   pioneer,  276. 

,  David,  ensign,  396,  403, 

404. 

,  Capt.  James,  275,  270. 

280,  296,  301,  330,  355,  416, 
417,  422,  435,  437;  sketch, 
276. 

,   James,   Jr.,  pioneer,   276. 

,    John,    Indian   captive,   422. 

,    William,    sergeant,    399. 

Ware,  — ,  125. 

Warm  Springs  (Va.),  74,  177, 
196,  222,  223,  273,  306,  314. 

Wars:  Cherokee,  38,  84,  216,  218, 
252,  376 ;  French  and  Indian, 
2,  5,  8,  11,  21,  28,  38,  48,  65, 
84,  103,  113,  191,  223,  236, 
242,  272,  276,  305,  360,  375. 

426,  431  ;    Indian,    29,    32,    36, 
43,   47,  48,  58,   63,  69,  74,  101, 
152,    196,    212,    214,    218,    247, 
278,    348,    427:    Northwest    In 
dians,  152,  225,   392;   of  1812- 
15,  6,  1.07,  270;   Pontiac's,   11, 
28,   75,  78,   103,   191,  272,  373, 
432  ;  Revolutionary,  2,  3,  6,  11, 
14,     24,     25,     27,    29,     39,     40, 
42-45,    55,     81,     86,     103,     152, 
160,    161,    191,    196,    197,    214, 
221,    223,    225,    239,    242,    272, 
273,    310,    331,    375,    392,    405, 

427,  428,  431. 
Warwick,   Jacob,   422. 
Washburn,  James,  405. 

,   Steven,  405. 

Washington,    Gen.   George,   8,   12, 

14,   23,   24,   65,     74,     103,    112, 
114,  191,  272,  426-428;  letters 
to,    24,    151;    sketch,    8;    Writ 
ings,  114  ;  manuscripts,  151. 
,   Martha  Dandridge,  24. 

(D.  C.),   107,  151,  160. 

(Pa.),  10. 

Watauga,  107,  148,  164,  165, 
221,  278 ;  massacre,  63,  72 ; 
purchase,  48 ;  settlements,  38, 
40,  58,  59,  75,  135,  232. 


Watkins,  — ,  255,  266. 
,  Robert,  411. 


Watson,  — ,  31. 
,  Jonathan,  406. 


Waugh,  — ,  cadet,  409. 

Wayne,    Gen.    Anthony,   152,   196. 

Weaver,  Christian,  399. 

,  Michael,   399. 


Welch,  James,  424. 

,  John,  409. 

,  Thomas,  407. 

,  Thomas,  Jr.,  407. 

Wells,  Bazaleel,  16.  424. 

,    Samuel,   421. 

Welsh,  Christopher,  408. 

— ,   Richard,   405. 
Westfall   (O.),  292. 
West  Liberty   (Pa.),   16. 
Westover    (Va.),   21. 
West     Virginia,     78,     345,     360; 

Historical   Magazine,   272,   423, 

434. 
Wetzel,  John,   421. 

,  Martin,  421. 

Wheeling    (W.  Va.),   11,    12,    16, 

19,    29,   37,    62,    102,    152,    155, 

156,   304,   434. 

Wheeler,  Dr.  Charles,  11,  12. 
Whigs,   84,    152,   191,   221,   242. 
Whitby,   Moses,   406. 
White,   David,   422. 

,   Edward,   11. 

,  Capt.  Jacob,  12. 

,  Joseph,  409. 

,   Shadrach,  239. 

,  Solomon,   408. 

,  William,  280.  422. 

Eyes      (Koquethagechton), 

Delaware   chief,   29,    156,    256, 
302,  384  ;  sketch,  29. 

Fish,     Indian     chief,     290, 

356. 

Sulphur    Springs,   359,    360. 

Whitsell's  Mills,  battle  of,  431. 
Whitticor,   Joseph,  411. 
Whitton,  Jeremiah,   404. 

,   Thomas,   234,  404. 

,  Thomas,   Jr.,  404. 


472 


INDEX 


Wiley,   James,  421. 

,  Robert,  397. 

— ,  Robert,  Jr.,  397. 

,    Thomas,    397. 

William,  Col.   William,  435. 
Williams,  Alden,  396. 

,    David,   420. 

,  Evan,  211. 

,   Isaac,  425. 

,   James,   200,   397. 

,   Jarrett,  412. 

• ,  John,    399,    403,    405,  <411 

412. 

,   Mark,  277,  412. 

,  Philip,  398. 

,   Richard,  411. 

,  Rowland,  404. 

,   Samuel,  410. 

,  Thomas,  sergeant,  410. 

Williamsburg  (Va.),  1,  19-21,  26, 
33,    37,    61,    86,    87,    111,    155, 
295,  304,  307,  368,  394,  395. 
Williamson,    Aldin,    400. 

,  David,   421. 

Willis,   Henry,  403. 

Wilmoth,  William,  402. 

Wilson,   Capt.   — ,    205,   210,   217, 

231,    241,   251,    414,    416. 

— ,   Benjamin,   421. 
— • — ,  Edward,  408. 
,  James,  411. 

— ,   Capt.   John,  272,  425,   435, 

437. 

— ,  Col.   George,  sketch,  28. 

— ,  Richard,  254. 

— ,    Capt.     Samuel,     272,     275, 

288,    289,    296,    301,    331,    343, 

346,    349,    355 ;    sketch,   272. 

— ,    Thomas,  411. 

— ,     William,     sergeant,     408, 

422. 


Winchester   (Va.),  98,  152,  185. 

Wipey,    Indian,    387. 

Withers,   Alexander  Scott,  Border 

Warfare,    112,    155,    319,     344, 

347,   374,   377. 
Wolf  Hills   (Abingdon    Va.),    75, 

81,  232. 
Wood,  Dr.  — ,  8. 

,    Capt.    James,   155,   421. 

,  John,  409. 

Woods,  — ,  178. 

,   Adam,    397. 

,  Andrew,  200,  397. 

,  Archibald,  402. 

,  Billey,  100. 

,  James,  sergeant,   411. 

,    Capt.    Michael,     175,     176, 

199,  201;  letters  by,  175,   176, 

397,  398. 

,   Michael,    pioneer,   176. 

,   Richard,   397. 

Woolsey,   Richard,   400. 
Workman,   Daniel,   410. 
Wormsley,   Ralph,    87. 
Wright,  Col.  Gideon,  221 ;  sketch, 

221. 

Wyandotte     Indians,     103,     346, 
347,  43<3. 


XENIA  (O.),  292. 


YAZOO  acts,  160. 
Yorktown    (Va.),    43,   242. 
Young,  John,  240,  399. 

ZANE,  Col.   Ebenezer,   12,  421. 

anesville    (O.),   256. 
Zeisberger,   David,   Moravian  mis 
sionary,   36,   153. 


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